CN100424710C - Optimizing method for forging modeling process - Google Patents
Optimizing method for forging modeling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN100424710C CN100424710C CNB2006101045664A CN200610104566A CN100424710C CN 100424710 C CN100424710 C CN 100424710C CN B2006101045664 A CNB2006101045664 A CN B2006101045664A CN 200610104566 A CN200610104566 A CN 200610104566A CN 100424710 C CN100424710 C CN 100424710C
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Abstract
The disclosed optimization method for forging and forming comprises: selecting the blank, mould and other devices every met some optimal value and weighing data; combining numerical simulation and multi-objective optimization technology to process data during analysis, determining the weighing value for MOO by AHP, and presenting a quantitative evaluation method. This invention improves optimization precision greatly, and cuts process design period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forging, relate to the method that a kind of forging and forming technology is optimized, be specifically related to a kind of method that Forging Technology is optimized design based on numerical simulation analysis technique.
Background technology
Forging and molding is the process of a complexity, compressive stress that the deformation extent of blank, mould bear and maximum impairment value, and the load peaks of operation, lubricated etc. all is the factor that technological evaluation and optimizing process be can not ignore.If adopt traditional mathematical approach formula to calculate each influence factor, not only workload is big, and precision is low, is difficult to guarantee the best rationality of process program.Along with constantly improving and the raising day by day of counting yield of finite element theory, make numerical simulation technology in forging technology design, be widely used, and become the important means of evaluation process formability.Method for numerical simulation can more accurate simulation metal plastic deformation whole flow process, and can accurately provide load---the quantitative values of an amount such as stroke curve and stress field, strain field, temperature field, can also predict and fill defectives such as discontented.
The height of cost of goods manifactured, the quality of quality, construction cycle length are the keys that can the decision producer prevail over competition, this trend requires to forge to produce just should take into account cost, quality and construction cycle in the technological design stage, the every technological parameter that relates in the optimization production process.Operation, the work step of Forging Technology are more, often have multiple alternative process program in the technological design process, and each operation, the more excellent integrated artistic that can not illustrate of work step are just excellent.Optimization is a relative concept, and generally people are said optimizes certain technology, its essence is the improvement to one operation or work step, and integrated artistic not necessarily reaches optimization.
Article " research of forging process optimal design target " (author: Zhao Xinhai; State of Zhao group etc., 2004 (1) " CMET. forging and pressing equipment and manufacturing technologies ") in, by being research object with the forging process, the objective function commonly used to the forging process optimal design carried out analysis and synthesis, provided and comprised material consumption, finish-forging power, deformation energy, the objective function of research such as forging quality index, and the array configuration of the objective function of the multi-objective optimization design of power of forging process studied, proposed to obtain clean die forging and make and to be out of shape the representation of objective function that even forging is the multi-objective optimization design of power of target a while, provided one realizing that clean die forging makes the example into the preform mold shape optimal design of optimal design target, but not concrete the quantification analyzed in the optimization of Forging Technology.
At patent JP20000189625 20000623 " Forging Technology analytical approach " (publication number JP20000189625 20000623, date of publication on January 8th, 2002) in the text, adopt computing machine to carry out the forging industrial analysis, disclose a kind of method of using the finite element analysis Forging Technology, but reckoned without the optimization of technology in the forging process for fuel process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optimization method of forging and forming technology, based on numerical simulation analysis technique, taken into full account the influence of multiple goal factor in the forging process for fuel process, solved existing Forging Technology and optimized poor accuracy, optimize the problem that does not have concrete quantification of analyzing.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of optimization method of forging and forming technology, comprise and choose blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets, make the selection of above-mentioned four targets satisfy certain rule, choose the weighted value of above-mentioned four objective optimizations again, make the scope of the overall target C value of forging and forming technology satisfy 0.9≤C＜1.0, it is characterized in that it is to instigate the selection of blank to be satisfied that certain rule is satisfied in the described selection that makes blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets: blank:
A=M
d/ ((1-δ) M
p), M
d-forging quality, M
p-blank quality, δ-burn out rate;
The selection of mould is satisfied:
P=(1/ α) P
Min, P
MinThe minimum compression value that-mould overlap bridge is suffered, overlap bridge portion value of compressive stress during the design of P-mould, P=2 σ
sB/h, wherein σ
s-material yield stress, b-overlap bridge width, h-overlap bridge height;
The selection of equipment is satisfied:
F
d=β F
e, F
e-select the nominal pressure of equipment, F for use
dThe maximum distortion power of-forging simulation;
Make lubricated satisfied:
μ
p=1.06-0.533 μ, coefficientoffriction is chosen as 0.15～0.50 during forge hot;
The described blank, mould, equipment, lubricated weighted value W chosen is respectively:
Blank index weights W
1=0.49
Mould index weights W
2=0.33
Equipment choosing index weights W
3=0.10
Lubricated index weights W
4=0.08,
With above-mentioned mark weighted value W
1, W
2, W
3, W
4Substitution overall target evaluation formula:
C=∑ W
iE
j=W
1E
1+ W
2E
2+ W
3E
3+ W
4E
4Get final product
Wherein, C is a comprehensive index value, W
1, W
2, W
3, W
4Be respectively the weighted value of blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated each parameter, E
1, E
2, E
3, E
4Be respectively independent optimization selective value a, α, β, the μ of blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated each parameter
p
The present invention has following advantage:
1, the present invention adopts the multifactor design of taking all factors into consideration the total optimization Forging Technology in the forging process for fuel process is calculated, can accurately predict the quality of Forging Technology, for the Forging Technology optimal design provides a kind of Forecasting Methodology, thereby provide support for optimizing the Forging Technology optimal design, to instruct process practice.
2, the present invention adopts the method that numerical simulation technology combines with the multiple-objection optimization technology, obtained the criterion of Forging Technology optimal design, objective optimization technology commonly used can better be described the inherent law of forging forming technological design, thereby estimates out optimum process more accurately.
3, the present invention adopts Fuzzy AHP to choose the weighted value of multiple-objection optimization, and be applied in a plurality of optimization aim of Forging Technology optimal design, the judgement schematics of quantification has been proposed, improve greatly and optimize precision, for the Forging Technology analysis saves time, shorten the forging technology design cycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the step analysis structural drawing;
Fig. 2 is forging deformation force curve figure, and wherein, horizontal ordinate is the working time that forges once, and ordinate is a deformation force;
Fig. 3 is a counterdie maximum crushing stress moire pattern;
Fig. 4 is that rocking arm is out of shape stressed moire pattern;
Fig. 5 is rocking arm forging deformation force curve figure, and wherein, horizontal ordinate is the working time that forges once, and ordinate is a deformation force, the rocking arm forging of bottom for forging.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The optimization method of forging and forming technology of the present invention, comprise and choose blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets, make the selection of above-mentioned four targets satisfy certain rule, use Fuzzy AHP and take all factors into consideration the weighted value that quality, cost, cycle are chosen above-mentioned four objective optimizations, make the overall target C value of forging and forming technology satisfy [0.90,1.0] scope, the scheme that finally optimizes optimum process is used for actual forging and molding, and the selection of blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets is satisfied respectively:
1, forging process is to guarantee that material is full of under the prerequisite of die cavity fully, reduces overlap as far as possible, forges to realize few non-trimming.Open die forging, impressing forging is often adopted in the forging of medium seed diesel engine connecting rod, adopts overlap bridge, the resistance that produces when flowing through overlap by material to force material to be full of die cavity in order to guarantee material to be full of fully, causes waste of material like this and needs the side cut operation.Make choosing of blank satisfied: 0.85＜a≤0.95, a=M
d/ ((1-δ) M
p), M
d-forging quality, M
p-blank quality, δ-burn out rate.
2, the influence that concentrated by load skewness and die cavity fillet stress, load is excessive, can aggravate die wear, causes reduce die life, should load evenly be distributed, and avoids the load concentrations, avoids stress to concentrate.In computing machine CAD technological design, the principal element that influences the forging die life-span is the impression relative depth, draft angle, radius of corner, flash gutters bridge portion the ratio of width to height.For connecting rod, depth of die cavity is fixed, and pressing machine has the head part device again when forging, and depth of die cavity is little to the influence of forging die life-span.Draft angle and radius of corner are designed the span that each process program correspondence is chosen according to national standard.Burr bridge construction size is to influence the most responsive factor of forging die life-span, and forging die load increases, the corresponding aggravation of wearing and tearing of burr bridge portion.
Under selected equipment, the suffered minimum compression P of mould overlap bridge when the assurance forging is full of fully
MinBe the mould evaluation index, make mould select to satisfy: α=0.95～1.0, P=(1/ α) P
Min, overlap bridge portion value of compressive stress during the design of P-mould, P=2 σ
sB/h, wherein σ
s-material yield stress, b-overlap bridge width, h-overlap bridge height.
3, equipment choosing: the maximum distortion power of forging has directly determined the selection of equipment tonnage.Make deformation force less by optimization, thereby select the equipment of less tonnage to forge.Less deformation force can reduce the wearing and tearing of equipment and mold, prolongs the serviceable life of mould, thereby reduces the forging cost.Choice of equipment is satisfied: F
d=β F
e, β=0.9～1.0, wherein, F
e-select the nominal pressure of equipment, F for use
dThe maximum distortion power of-forging simulation.
4, lubricated with μ
pBe evaluation index, make μ
pScope satisfy 0.9～1.0, μ
p=1.06-0.533 μ, the friction factor range of choice is μ=0.15～0.50 during forge hot.
Method of the present invention has also adopted Fuzzy AHP to choose blank, mould, equipment, lubricated each evaluation of indexes weighted value.Analytical hierarchy process is the evaluation and decision method that a kind of qualitative analysis and quantitative test combine.It will estimate the thought process mathematicization that main body is estimated evaluation object, provide foundation for selecting more excellent design proposal.By industry being carried out a large amount of investigations, set up the step analysis structure of following evaluation system, see Fig. 1, first level has only a key element K, i.e. forging process synthesis parameter; Second level has three key elements: i.e. forging quality C
1, cost C
2, cycle C
3Tri-layer has four elements: i.e. forging stock I
1, mould I
2, equipment I
3, lubricated I
4Set up judgment matrix simultaneously, choose the weights W i of each layer key element.Judge the key element of yardstick (seeing Table) to same level, less important plain Hs is a criterion with last layer, compares in twos, to judge the relative significance level of each key element, final weight selection result.
After setting up judgment matrix, can try to achieve the index weights of blank, mould, equipment, lubricated each several part, see Table one.
Table one each several part index weights
| Index | Blank is optimized | Mould optimization | Equipment choosing | Lubricated |
| Weights W i | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
Overall target evaluation formula:
C＝∑W
iE
j＝W
1E
1+W
2E
2+W
3E
3+W
4E
4
Wherein, C is a comprehensive index value, W
1, E
1W
2, E
2W
3, E
3W
4, E
4Be respectively the weighted value and the independent optimization selective value of blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated each parameter, E
1=a, E
2=α, E
3=β, E
4=μ
p
When comprehensive index value 0.9≤C＜1.0 are [0.90,1.0], think in the industry that the integrated artistic scheme is more excellent, C is more near 1.0, and process program is excellent more in theory.
With the present invention to blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated satisfied scope: 0.85＜a≤0.95, α=0.95～1.0, β=0.9～1.0, the μ of making respectively
p=0.9～1.0 and each index weights of drawing of table one bring in the above-mentioned overall target evaluation formula, can draw the C value and satisfy in the scope of [0.90,1.0], therefore, it is more excellent to utilize method of the present invention can obtain forging the integrated artistic scheme.
Below provide and use the example that the inventive method is verified connecting rod, rocking arm forging.
Embodiment 1: certain diesel engine connecting bar Forging Technology optimal design
1, forging stock design: get connecting rod M
d=153Kg, M
p=177Kg, δ gets 3.75%, according to a=M
d/ ((1-δ) M
p), draw a=0.898.
2, equipment choosing: equipment choosing 5600T fly press, the actual required deformation force curve of forging as shown in Figure 2, according to F
d=β F
e, F
e=5600T, F
d=5300T draws β=0.95.
3, lubricated and heating process
During the connecting rod forge hot, adopt aqueous graphite, evenly spraying, lubricating coefficient μ gets 0.3, presses μ
p=1.06-0.533 μ calculates, and draws μ
p=0.9.
4, mould
By Computer Numerical Simulation, the minimum compression p of mould when choosing forging and being full of fully
Min, Fig. 3 is the mould force diagram, represents stress levels with color spot, shows numerical value 712MPa, counterdie surface maximum crushing stress also is 712MPa, p
Min=712Mpa, design calculated value p=735Mpa, then α=0.969.
Bring the above-mentioned forging stock that obtains respectively, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated selective value and the weighted value of each index into overall target evaluation formula, draw:
Certain diesel engine connecting bar Forging Technology is optimized comprehensive index value
C＝∑W
iE
j＝W
1E
1+W
2E
2+W
3E
3+W
4E
4
＝0.49×0.898+0.33×0.969+0.10×0.95+0.08×0.90＝0.92679
The C value is within the regional extent of [0.90,1.0].
So method of the present invention can realize that this connecting rod contour forging technique overall plan is more excellent technology.
Embodiment 2: certain diesel engine rocking arm Forging Technology optimal design
1, forging stock design: get rocking arm M
d=16.5Kg, M
p=20Kg, δ gets 3.75%, according to a=M
d/ ((1-δ) M
p), draw a=0.857.
2, equipment choosing: equipment choosing 3500T pressing machine, the actual required deformation force curve of forging is represented stress levels with color spot as shown in Figure 4, shows numerical value 700MPa, and counterdie surface maximum crushing stress is 700MPa also, according to F
d=β F
e, F
e=3500T, F
d=3315T draws β=0.95.
3, lubricated and heating process
During the rocking arm forge hot, adopt aqueous graphite, evenly spraying, lubricating coefficient μ gets 0.3, presses μ
p=1.06-0.533 μ calculates, and draws μ
p=0.9.
4, mould
By Computer Numerical Simulation, the minimum compression p of mould when choosing forging and being full of fully
Min, Fig. 5 is the mould force diagram, can draw p from figure
Min=700Mpa, design calculated value p=721Mpa, then α=0.971.
With the above-mentioned forging stock that obtains respectively, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated selective value and the weighted value substitution overall target evaluation formula of each index, draw:
Certain diesel engine rocking arm Forging Technology is optimized comprehensive index value
C＝∑W
iE
j＝W
1E
1+W
2E
2+W
3E
3+W
4E
4
＝0.49×0.857+0.33×0.971+0.10×0.95+0.08×0.90＝0.90736
The C value [0.90,1.0) regional extent within.
So method of the present invention can realize that this rocking arm contour forging technique overall plan is more excellent technology.
Claims (1)
1. the optimization method of a forging and forming technology, comprise definite blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets, make the selection of above-mentioned four targets satisfy certain rule, choose the weighted value of above-mentioned four objective optimizations again, make the scope of the overall target C value of forging and forming technology satisfy 0.9≤C＜1.0, it is characterized in that it is to instigate the selection of blank to be satisfied that certain rule is satisfied in the described selection that makes blank, mould, equipment, lubricated four targets: 0.85＜a≤0.95
A=M
d/ ((1-δ) M
p), M
d-forging quality, M
p-blank quality, δ-burn out rate, a one blank independent optimization selective value;
The selection of mould is satisfied: α=0.95～1.0,
P=(1/ α) P
Min, P
MinThe minimum compression value that-mould overlap bridge is suffered, overlap bridge portion value of compressive stress during the design of P-mould, α one mould independent optimization selective value, P=2 σ
sB/h, wherein σ
s-material yield stress, b-overlap bridge width, h-overlap bridge height;
The selection of equipment is satisfied: β=0.9～1.0,
F
d=β F
e, F
e-select the nominal pressure of equipment, F for use
dThe maximum distortion power of-forging simulation, β one equipment independent optimization selective value;
Make lubricated satisfied: μ
p=0.9～1.0,
μ
p=1.06～0.533 μ, coefficientoffriction is chosen as 0.15～0.50 during forge hot, μ
pOne lubricated independent optimization selective value;
The described blank, mould, equipment, lubricated weighted value W chosen is respectively:
Blank index weights W
1=0.49
Mould index weights W
2=0.33
Equipment choosing index weights W
3=0.10
Lubricated index weights W
4=0.08,
With above-mentioned mark weighted value W
1, W
2, W
3, W
4Substitution overall target evaluation formula:
C=∑ W
iE
j=W
1E
1+ W
2E
2+ W
3E
3+ W
4E
4Get final product
Wherein, C is a comprehensive index value, W
1, W
2, W
3, W
4Be respectively the weighted value of blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated each parameter, E
1, E
2, E
3, E
4Be respectively independent optimization selective value a, α, β, the μ of blank, mould, equipment choosing, lubricated each parameter
p
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| CN100424710C true CN100424710C (en) | 2008-10-08 |
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| CN113836715B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-11-10 | 湖南大学 | Forging deformation process test method |
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