CN100371480C - Method of directly smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel using vanadium containing pig iron or sponge iron - Google Patents
Method of directly smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel using vanadium containing pig iron or sponge iron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method of the direct smelting of vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel with the utilization of pig iron with the vanadium or sponge iron with the vanadium. The method comprises the following steps: (1) material loading: all slag material is loaded in the bottom of a furnace firstly, then the pig iron with the vanadium or the sponge iron with the vanadium is loaded, and finally, low carbon steel is loaded; when the vanadium amount in the pig iron with the vanadium or the sponge iron with the vanadium is lower than the vanadium amount of the steel ready to be smelted; alloy steel is loaded before the low carbon steel is loaded; (2) fusing; (3) oxygenizing: V2O5 or iron ore is added for decarburization; (4) refining: one or both of Si and Al deoxidizers are added for deoxidizing, and the alloy steel is added for refining; (5) casting. Because the present invention adopts the pig iron with the vanadium or the sponge iron with the vanadium in an induction furnace or an arc furnace in oxidation method for the direct smelting of the vanadium alloy steel or the vanadium-titanium alloy steel, the technological process is shortened considerably, and good economic benefit is obtained because alloying operation is carried out with the utilization of the vanadium in the pig iron with the vanadium or the sponge iron with the vanadium for replacing ferrovanadium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for directly smelting vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron into vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel.
Background
At present, when smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel, vanadium iron is used as an alloy additive, the vanadium iron is blown into vanadium slag from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron through a converter, and the vanadium slag is roasted by a sodium method, added with water and subjected to acid leaching precipitation to obtain V 2 O 5 Then by V 2 O 5 The vanadium iron is formed after smelting, the process is complex and the cost is high. At present, the steel materials for steel making in an induction furnace or an electric arc furnace are all made of low-carbon steel, industrial pure iron, return materials or scrap steel and are added with pure metal or ferroalloy materials, and the pig iron or sponge iron is not used for smelting into steel, so that the pig iron needs to be oxidized to remove a plurality of impurities, and the degree of oxidation to the steel by the induction furnace or the electric arc furnace is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of directly smelting vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron into vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel, and the method has the advantages of simple process and low cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for directly smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel by using vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron comprises the following steps: 1) Charging:firstly, charging all slag materials at the bottom of the furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron, and finally charging low-carbon steel; when the vanadium content in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is lower than that of the steel to be smelted, alloy steel is filled before low-carbon steel is filled; 2) Melting; 3) And (3) oxidation: adding V 2 O 5 Or decarbonising the iron ore; 4) Refining: adding one or more of carbon powder, si or Al deoxidizer for deoxidation; adding alloy steel for refining; 5) And (6) pouring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel is directly smelted in the induction furnace or the electric arc furnace by adopting the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron oxidation method, so that the process flow is greatly shortened, and good economic benefit is obtained by utilizing vanadium in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron to replace vanadium iron for alloying.
Detailed Description
Sponge iron can be made by reducing vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate. The reduction steps are as follows: using coal as reducing agent, coal and CO 2 CO is generated by reaction, the reaction temperature in the coal-based rotary kiln is 1100 ℃, and ore (Fe) is generated 2 O 3 ) In the solid state, reduction of Fe by CO 2 O 3 Oxygen is lost in the ore, and a plurality of micropores appearForming sponge iron.
The invention adopts vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron As furnace charge, compared with the two, the sponge iron has more superiority, because the content of harmful elements Sn, sb, as, bi, S and P in the sponge iron is low, the invention is beneficial to improving the quality of vanadium-containing titanium alloy steel; on the other hand, the sponge iron can adopt a cold charging method or a hot charging method, the sponge iron has a honeycomb structure during cold charging, so that the heating area is large during melting, the melting time is shortened, and the smelting power consumption can be greatly reduced during hot charging.
The invention adopts an induction furnace or an electric arc furnace to smelt vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron.
VC and V are used as vanadium in pig iron or sponge iron containing vanadium 2 C and V 4 C 3 In a form includingWhen vanadium pig iron or sponge iron is melted into molten iron, vanadium is decomposed from three carbides and dissolved in the molten iron.
The method of the present invention has the following two cases, which are now described separately.
1. When the vanadium content in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is higher than that in the steel grade, the production method is used.
The purpose of decarburization is that the product of the carbon oxidation reaction is carbon monoxide gas, the evolution of which vigorously stirs the molten metal bath and the slag, which helps to enhance the heat transfer of the molten steel, accelerate the diffusion transfer of the reaction substances, eliminate harmful gases in the bath and nonmetallic inclusions in the molten steel to homogenize the composition of the molten steel, and, in addition, decarburization allows the carbon content in the molten steel to be reduced to the level required by the carbon content of the steel being refined.
In order to promote the decarburization reaction, oxygen blowing may be used, or oxides of alloying elements in steel may be added, but the alloying elements Mn, si, cr, mo and V have a higher affinity for oxygen than Fe, that is, iron oxide most easily oxidizes carbon in steel, and thus, iron ore is used for decarburization in the present invention.
In the deoxidation, not only oxygen in molten steel is removed, but also vanadium oxide generated by oxidation of vanadium in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron by iron ore is caused.
There are two methods for the reduction of vanadium oxides in slag, one is by means of carbon reduction in molten iron, i.e. [ C ]] +1/5(V 2 O 5 ) =2/5V +CO ═ c. The chemical reaction depends on the diffusion of carbon in the molten iron to the interface of the iron slag and V in the slag 2 O 5 Interaction is carried out. Because the diffusion speed of carbon in molten iron is low, the reaction is difficult to carry out, and the reaction can be accelerated generally when the smelting temperature is very high, so that the smelting power consumption is high, and the service life of a crucible is short. Another reduction method is to add Si and Al deoxidizer into the slag for diffusion deoxidation, and the deoxidation reaction is mainly carried out in the slag, so the reaction is fast under the normal conditions. The present invention employs a second reduction method.
During reduction, si and Al reducing agents are encounteredSimultaneous reduction of FeO and V 2 O 5 The case (1). V 2 O 5 The reduction is relatively stable and difficult, feO is not stable enough and is easily reduced, and when Si and Al are used as reducing agents to reduce the elements, the elements are reduced simultaneously, but the reduction degrees are different. Degree of reduction of readily reducible FeOLarge, relatively difficult to reduce V 2 O 5 The degree of reduction is small and the degree of reduction is proportional: ratio K = V 2 O 5 Degree of reduction of (2)/degree of reduction of FeO. The ratio K is increased with the increasing amount of Si and Al reducing agent and the increasing reduction temperature.
When Si and Al reducing agents are just added in the reduction process, the reduction degree of FeO is large and V is small due to the small amount of the reducing agents 2 O 5 The degree of reduction is small, i.e.the K value is small. After the reducing agent is added in multiple batches, the ratio K is increased due to the increase of the using amount of the reducing agent, the reduction degree of FeO is increased at the moment, and V 2 O 5 The degree of reduction also increases, and the latter is greater than the former. Therefore, the use amount of the reducing agent is increased, and the reduction of the oxide, especially the reduction of the oxide which is difficult to reduce, is facilitated.
Increasing the reduction temperature increases the K value, i.e. V which is difficult to reduce as the reduction temperature increases 2 O 5 The degree of reduction is increased more than the degree of reduction of readily reducible FeO.
The smelting method comprises the following steps: charging, melting, oxidizing, refining and pouring.
1. Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO: 50-70% of CaF 2 :20 to 30%, mgO: 5 to 20 percent, and the dosage is 1.5 to 4.0 percent of the charging amount of the furnace burden.
When charging, firstly charging all slag materials at the bottom of the furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron, and finally charging low-carbon steel.
2. Melting:
the main task of the melting phase is to rapidly melt and desulfurize the charge. For good desulfurization of the molten iron, it is preferable to set the melting temperature above 1520 ℃ to facilitate the diffusion of FeS in the molten iron to the iron-slag interface and the diffusion of CaO in the slag to the slag-iron interface.
3. And (3) oxidation:
the main tasks of the oxidation phase are: decarburizing and boiling to enable the carbon content to reach the standard requirement, and simultaneously reducing the content of gas and non-metallic inclusions in molten steel; the degree of oxidation of the metal is adjusted to facilitate the reduction.
Oxidation of the metal already begins during the melting phase. When iron ore is added into molten steel, feO interacts with elements such as Si, mn, C and the like. Since FeO reacts with Si and Mn as an exothermic reaction, the furnace temperature is relatively low at the initial stage of oxidation, which is advantageous for the progress of the exothermic reaction. Si in the molten steel is continuously oxidized until the content of Si is completely oxidized. SiO produced by the reaction 2 The silicate formed by the combination with FeO is hardly soluble in the molten steel and therefore floats in the slag. Mn-derived MnO co-oxidized with Si also reacts with SiO 2 The manganese silicate produced by the reaction is insoluble in the molten steel and therefore also floats into the slag. Along with the increase of the furnace temperature, the progress of the endothermic reaction of C and FeO decarburization is facilitated, so that the molten steel is boiled, and the decarburization of the steel is realized. V produced by reaction of vanadium with FeO 2 O 5 Also floating in the slag. Oxidation by oxygenThe key to this period is to control the rate of decarburization.
The rate of decarburization is related to the following factors: the more free FeO in the slag, the better the fluidity of the slag, the higher the furnace temperature, and the higher the carbon content in the molten steel, the higher the decarburization rate. However, in order to increase the decarburization rate, the addition of iron ore at one time excessively quenches the molten bath and reduces the decarburization rate. The rate of carbon oxidation then increases suddenly and violently as the bath temperature rises, causing slag and steel to overflow. The iron ore is therefore not added too much at one time, preferably in portions, each of which preferably does not exceed 2% of the furnace charge. In order to avoid the over-low temperature of the molten steel, the second batch of iron ore is added when the temperature of the molten steel reaches more than 1520 ℃ after the first batch of iron ore is completely acted during operation, so that the decarburization speed is smoothly reduced.
4. Refining:
the main task in the refining period is to complete deoxidation and molten steel alloying, so that the chemical components of the steel meet the standard requirements, and the temperature of the molten steel reaches the tapping temperature.
On one hand, the reason that deoxidation is needed in the refining period is that the temperature of molten steel is gradually increased along with the smelting, the oxygen content in the molten steel is increased, and the steel quality is deteriorated. On the other hand, V is formed by oxidizing vanadium in vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron with iron ore 2 O 5 Can be reduced into vanadium from slag to enter steel.
In order to deoxidize molten steel well, it is preferable to adjust the fluidity of slag and the melting temperature to 1520 to 1600 ℃. The method for increasing the fluidity of the slag is to add 8 to 12Kg of fluorite into the slag. The deoxidizer is preferably used by first using a carbon powder or Si deoxidizer for diffusion deoxidation and then using an Al deoxidizer having a strong deoxidizing ability. The Si deoxidizer can be one or more of Si-Ca powder and Si-Fe. The Al deoxidizer can be one or more of aluminum lime, aluminum carbon and aluminum. Before use, the Si-Ca powder is preferably baked for more than four hours at 200-300 ℃ to ensure that the water content is less than 0.5 percent. The Si iron is preferably also baked before use. Before use, the aluminum lime is preferably baked at 700 ℃ for more than eight hours to ensure that the water content is less than 0.3 percent. The total amount of the deoxidizer is 0.8-2% of the weight of the furnace charge, and the deoxidizer is generally added in 6-9 batches.
And finally alloying, namely adding ferroalloy to enable the components of the molten steel to meet the standard requirements. The principle of the addition sequence of the alloy elements is from difficult to easy to oxidize elements.
5. Pouring
Tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
Example 1 smelting of Hot work die Steel 4Cr5MoSi with vanadium-containing pig iron
1. The steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
| element name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu |
| GB/T1299-2000 | 0.33 -0.43 | 0.08- 1.20 | 0.20- 0.50 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.30- 0.60 | 4.75- 5.50 | 1.10- 1.60 | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.30 |
| Calculating composition | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0 | 0 | 0.35 | 5.00 | 1.20 | 0 | 0 |
2. Furnace burden components (weight percentage):
| element name Charge name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Cr | Mo | Ti | Ni | Cu |
| Vanadium-containing pig iron | 4.00 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.4 | ||||
| FeMo-55A ferromolybdenum | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 55 | 0.50 | |||||
| Silicon iron | 75.00 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Carbon chromium in VCr100 Iron (II) | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 50.00 | ||||||
| 10 steel | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.025 | 0.30 | 0.25 |
3. Iron ore composition (weight percent):
| name of oxide | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | P 2 O 5 | Fe 2 O 3 | H 2 O |
| Content (wt.) | 6.60 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 91.00 | 0.50 |
4. Recovery rate (%) of alloy elements:
| element name | V | Mn | Si | C | Cr | Mo |
| Recovery rate | 90 | 95 | 90 | 100 | 98 | 99 |
5. Determination of the weight m of the alloying elements necessary for the smelting of 2.7 tons of steel:
calculating to obtain (Kg): c =10.8, si =30, mn =9.95, V =10.5, mo =32.73, cr =137.76.
6. And (3) ingredient calculation:
(1) The required vanadium-containing pig iron content is as follows:
entrainment (kg): c =80.77, si =4.04, mn =6.06, S =2.02, P =0.61, V =10.5, ti =8.08.
(2) The amount of ferromolybdenum is required:
entrainment (kg): c =0.12, si =0.60, S =0.06, P =0.018, mo =32.37, cu =0.30.
(3) The amount of medium carbon ferrochrome is required:
entrainment (kg): c =1.65, si =5.51, S =0.08, P =0.14, cr =137.76.
(4) The silicon iron content is required:
in which 10.39 isSi content carried by the vanadium-containing pig iron and the ferrochrome.
Entrainment (kg): mn =0.104, S =0.03, P =0.05, cr =0.10, si =19.58.
(5) The iron ore quantity is required: determined by the oxygen content required for vanadium oxide and carbon oxide.
(a) Required oxygen content of vanadium oxide:
(b) Oxygen content required for carbon oxide: 90% of the carbon is oxidized to CO and 10% of the carbon is oxidized to CO 2 .
Oxidation of carbon to CO oxygen demand:wherein 2.0 is the carbon carrying amount of the medium carbon ferrochrome and the like.
Oxidation of carbon to CO 2 Oxygen demand:
the total oxygen demand is as follows: 8.24+86.36+19.19=113.79 (Kg)
Since iron ore is reduced to about 80% of iron and to about 20% of FeO, one kilogram of iron ore can provide the following amount of oxygen:
from Fe 2 O 3 Reduction to Fe, amount of oxygen provided by iron ore:wherein 0.91 is Fe in iron ore 2 O 3 The content of (B) is 91%.
From Fe 2 O 3 Reduction to FeO, amount of oxygen provided by iron ore:
therefore, the total oxygen provided by one kilogram of iron ore: 0.218+0.0364=0.2544 (Kg)
The amount of iron ore required for the decarburization and oxidation of iron in the vanadium-containing pig iron is therefore:(Kg), wherein 0.70 is the oxidation energy of iron ore during smeltingThe power is 70%, and the oxidizing power of the furnace gas is 30%. Amount of iron reduced from iron ore:
(6) 10 steel amount is needed: 2700-2019.23-59.5-275.52-26.1-197.3=122.35 (Kg), intake (Kg) C =0.12, si =0.31, mn =0.49, S =0.02, P =0.03, ni =0.37, cu =0.31, cr =0.18
7. 2700Kg furnace burden calculating balance table
| Charge name | Amount of addition (Kg) | Amount of alloying elements (Kg) brought into furnace burden | |||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Cr | M o | Ti | Ni | Cu | Fe | ||
| Vanadium-containing pig iron | 2019.2 3 | 8.80 | 4.04 | 6.06 | 2.0 2 | 0.6 1 | 10. 5 | 8.0 8 | |||||
| Ferromolybdenum | 59.50 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.0 6 | 0.0 18 | 32. 73 | 0.0 3 | ||||||
| Medium carbon ferrochrome | 275.52 | 1.65 | 5.51 | 0.0 8 | 0.1 4 | 13 7.7 6 | |||||||
| Silicon iron | 26.10 | 19.5 8 | 0.10 4 | 0.0 3 | 0.0 5 | 0.1 0 | |||||||
| Iron ore | 197.30 | 197 .30 | |||||||||||
| 10 steel | 122.35 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.49 | 0.0 2 | 0.0 3 | 0.1 8 | 0.3 7 | 0.3 1 | ||||
| Total amount of | 2700 | 10.6 9 | 30.0 4 | 6.65 | 2.2 1 | 0.8 48 | 10. 5 | 13 8.0 4 | 32. 73 | 8.0 8 | 0.3 7 | 0.6 1 | 197 .30 |
| Ratio of each component Example (B) | 0.4 | 1.11 | 0.25 | 0.0 8 | 0.0 3 | 0.3 9 | 5.1 1 | 1.2 1 | 0.3 0 | 0.0 1 | 0.0 2 | ||
8. The smelting steps are as follows:
1) Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO:50% CaF 2 :30%, mgO:20 percent, and the dosage is 1.5 percent of the charging amount of the furnace burden.
When charging, firstly, charging all slag charge at the bottom of the induction furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron, and finally charging 10 steel.
2) Melting:
the melting temperature was 1530 ℃.
3) And (3) oxidation:
adding iron ore for decarburization in batches, wherein the adding amount of each batch is 2% of the charging amount of the furnace, adding a second batch of iron ore when the action of the first batch of iron ore is finished and the temperature of molten steel is 1520 ℃, and repeating the steps until the adding is finished.
4) Refining:
8Kg of fluorite is added into the slag, and when the smelting temperature is 1550 ℃, diffusion deoxidation is carried out. The deoxidizer uses Si-Ca powder firstly and then uses aluminum ash. The total amount of the two deoxidizers is 1 percent of the weight of the furnace charge, and the deoxidizers are added in 6 batches.
The specific adding method comprises the following steps: adding 1 batch of Si-Ca powder, adding ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium, adding ferrosilicon when finishing adding Si-Ca powder to make slag white foam, and finally adding aluminium lime to deoxidize.
(5) Pouring
Tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
Example 2: 9Mn2V cold-work die steel smelted by vanadium-containing pig iron
1. The steel grade comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
| element name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Ni | Cu |
| GB/T1222-1984 | 0.85- 0.95 | ≤0.40 | 1.70-2.0 0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 0.10-0. 25 | ≤0.25 | ≤ 0.30 |
| Calculated composition (%) | 0.90 | 0.25 | 1.85 | - | - | 0.19 | - | - |
2. The furnace burden comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
3. iron ore components (weight percent):
| name of oxide | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | P 2 O 5 | Fe 2 O 3 | H 2 O |
| Iron ore content | 6.60 | 1.40 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 91.0 | 0.50 |
4. Recovery rate (%) of alloy elements:
| element name | V | Mn | Si | C |
| Recovery rate | 90 | 95 | 90 | 100 |
5. Determination of the weight M of the alloying elements necessary for the smelting of 2.7 tons of steel
Calculating to obtain (Kg): c =24.3, si =7.5, mn =52.58, V =5.7
6. Ingredient calculation as in example 1
7. 2700Kg furnace burden calculating balance table
| Charge name | Amount of addition (Kg) | Amount (Kg) of alloying elements carried by furnace charge | ||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Ni | Cu | Fe | ||
| Vanadium-containing pig iron | 1096.20 | 22.30 | 2.19 | 2.19 | 1.09 | 0.33 | 5.7 | |||
| Iron ore | 63.24 | 63.24 | ||||||||
| Medium carbon ferromanganese Mnl | 2700 | 24.33 | 6.88 | 50.00 | 1.40 | 0.808 | 5.7 | 4.46 | 3.72 | 0.30 |
| 10 steel | 1486.9 | 1.49 | 3.72 | 5.95 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 24.33 | 4.46 | 3.72 | 1.40 |
| Total amount of | 2700 | 24.33 | 6.88 | 50.00 | 1.40 | 0.808 | 5.7 | 4.46 | 3.72 | 0.05 |
| Ratio of each component Example (b) | 0.90 | 0.25 | 1.85 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.14 | ||
8. The smelting steps are as follows:
1) Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO:60% CaF 2 :25%, mgO:15 percent and the using amount is 2 percent of the charging amount of the furnace burden.
When charging, firstly, charging all slag charge at the bottom of the induction furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron, and finally charging 10 steel.
2) Melting:
the melting temperature was 1520 ℃.
3) And (3) oxidation:
adding iron ore for decarburization.
4) Refining:
10Kg of fluorite is added into the slag, and when the fluidity of the slag is good and the smelting temperature is 1570 ℃, diffusion deoxidation is carried out. The deoxidizer uses Si iron firstly and then uses aluminum with strong deoxidizing capacity. The total amount of the two deoxidizers is 1 percent of the weight of the furnace charge, and the deoxidizers are added in 7 batches.
The specific adding method comprises the following steps: adding Si and Fe 2 batches, adding Mn and Fe, and finally adding aluminum for precipitation and deoxidation.
5) Pouring:
tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
Example 3: smelting vanadium-titanium-containing structural steel 12Cr3MoVSiTiB by using sponge iron
1. The ingredients (weight percentage):
| element name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Ti | Cr | Mo | B |
| GB5310-1995 | 0.09 -0.15 | 0.60 -0.90 | 0.50 -0.80 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.22 -0.38 | 0.22 -0.38 | 2.50 -3.00 | 1.00 -1.20 | 0.005 -0.011 |
| Calculating composition | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.58 | - | - | 0.35 | 0.35 | 2.70 | 1.05 | 0.007 |
2. Furnace burden components (weight percentage):
| element name Charge name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Ti | Cr | Mo | B |
| Sponge iron | 4.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||
| Micro-carbon ferrochrome 10(VCr10) | 0.08 | 1.80 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 52.0 0 | |||||
| Ferromolybdenum FeMo-55A | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 55.0 0 | |||||
| Boron carbon 10 | 0.08 | 8.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 13.00 | |||||
| Silicon iron 75 | 75.00 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Medium carbon ferromanganese | 1.00 | 1.80 | 78.00 | 0.02 | 0.20 | |||||
| 10 steel | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.025 |
3. Iron ore components (weight percent):
| name of oxide | SiO 2 | AL 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | P 2 O 5 | Fe 2 O 3 | H 2 O |
| Iron ore content | 6.60 | 1.40 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 91.00 | 0.50 |
4. Recovery rate (%) of alloy elements:
| element name | V | Mn | Si | C | Cr | Mo | Ti | B |
| Recovery rate | 90 | 95 | 90 | 100 | 98 | 99 | 88 | 87 |
5. Determination of the weight m of the alloying elements which must be present for the smelting of 2.7 tons of steel
Calculating to obtain (Kg): c =3.24, si =19.5, mn =16.48, V =10.5, cr =74.39, mo =28.64, ti =10.74, B =0.217.
6. Ingredient calculation as in example 1
7. 2700Kg furnace Material calculation balance sheet:
| name of furnace charge Balance | Adding into Measurement of (Kg) | Weight (Kg) of alloy elements brought by furnace charge | ||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Ti | Cr | Mo | B | Fe | ||
| Micro carbon chromium Iron | 143.0 6 | 0.11 4 | 2.57 5 | 0.02 8 | 0.05 7 | 74.3 9 | ||||||
| Ferromolybdenum | 52.0 7 | 0.10 4 | 0.52 | 0.05 2 | 0.01 5 | 28.6 4 | ||||||
| Silicon iron | 19.0 8 | 14.3 1 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Ferroboron | 1.67 | 0.00 1 | 0.13 | 0.00 1 | 0.00 1 | 0.21 7 | ||||||
| Medium carbon manganese Iron | 19.8 0 | 0.19 8 | 0.35 6 | 15.4 4 | 0.00 3 | 0.00 3 | ||||||
| Sponge iron | 2109 | 3.24 | 10.5 5 | 10.5 5 | ||||||||
| Iron ore | 223 | 223 | ||||||||||
| 10 steel | 1323 2 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.02 6 | 0.03 3 | ||||||
| Total amount of | 2700 | 3.79 | 18.2 2 | 16.0 7 | 0.14 9 | 0.19 | 10.5 5 | 10.5 5 | 74.3 9 | 28.6 4 | 0.21 7 | |
| Each component Ratio of | 0.14 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.00 5 | 0.00 7 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 2.76 | 1.06 | 0.00 8 | ||
8. The smelting steps are as follows:
1) Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO:70% CaF 2 :20%, mgO:10 percent, and the using amount is 4.0 percent of the charging amount of the furnace burden.
When charging, firstly, charging all slag charge at the bottom of the electric arc furnace, then charging sponge iron, and finally charging 10 steel.
2) Melting:
the melting temperature was 1570 ℃.
3) And (3) oxidation:
adding iron ore, wherein the adding amount of each batch is not more than 2% of the charging amount of the furnace, and adding a second batch of iron ore when the effect of the first batch of iron ore is mostly finished and the molten steel reaches the high temperature of 1540 ℃.
4) Refining:
12kg of fluorite was added to the slag to adjust the fluidity of the slag. The deoxidizer uses carbon powder firstly and then uses aluminium lime, aluminium carbon and aluminium with strong deoxidization capability. The total amount of the deoxidizer is 1 percent of the weight of the furnace charge, and the deoxidizer is added in 9 batches.
Adding ferromolybdenum, micro-carbon ferrochromium and medium-carbon ferromanganese into the carbon powder in 3 batches, adding aluminum-lime into the carbon powder in 2 batches, adding ferrosilicon into the slag during foaming, then adding 3 batches of aluminum-carbon, finally adding aluminum for precipitation deoxidation, and adding ferroboron into the slag before tapping.
5) Pouring
Tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
2. Production method for vanadium content when vanadium content in vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is lower than vanadium content of steel-making grade
The decarbonization method adopted by the invention is to subject V to decarburization reaction under certain conditions 2 O 5 Adding the slag into the furnace slag to remove carbon in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron. The method can decarbonize under the condition that vanadium in the vanadium-containing pig iron is not oxidizedCan also use V 2 O 5 Alloying to achieve the purpose of killing two birds with one stone.
Because of the great affinity of vanadium for oxygen, the success of this method depends on whether the following reaction can be carried out:
[C]+1/5(V 2 O 5 )＝2/5V+CO↑
theoretically analyzed, free energy Δ G 0 The values are criteria for determining the direction and extent of reaction progress between the substances in the standard state. Reaction towards free energy Δ G only 0 In the negative direction. If the free energy of reaction Δ G 0 If the value is positive, the reaction is reversed. Δ G 0 The case of = O means that equilibrium is reached between the reactants and the reaction products under standard conditions, at which point the reaction is no longer proceeding.
According to the above principle, the above column V must be calculated 2 O 5 Free energy of decarburization reaction Δ G 0 For ease of calculation, the materials in the reaction were shown as pure materials when qualitative analysis was performed. Thus, the free energy of reaction is equal to the free energy of formation of the compound in the reaction product minus the free energy of formation of the compound in the reaction product, V 2 O 5 Free energy of decarburization reaction Δ G 0 ＝ΔG 0 co-1/5ΔG 0 v 2 o 5 And Δ G 0 ＝ΔH 0 -TΔS 0 。
| Reaction of | ΔH 0 | -(ΔS 0 ) |
| C solid +1/2O 2 Qi (Qi) | -28600 | -19.85 |
| 2V Fixing device +5/2O 2 Qi (Qi) | -346500 | 75.83 |
Then Δ G 0 ＝(-28600-19.85T)-1/5(-346500+75.83T) Let T =1700 ° K, substitute the above formula to obtain Δ G 0 And = 18800 (cal), the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. Let T =948 ° K (V) 2 O 5 Melting point) into the above formula to obtain Δ G 0 =7505 (cal), the reaction proceeds in reverse direction. Let Δ G 0 = O, i.e., (-28600-19.85T) -1/5 (-346500 + 75.83T) =0, and T =1163 ℃.
The calculation shows that: when the smelting temperature is higher than 1163 ℃, the reaction is carried out in the forward direction, namely V is reduced by carbon energy 2 O 5 . When the smelting temperature is lower than 1163 ℃, the reaction is carried out reversely, namely, V cannot be reduced by carbon 2 O 5 。
Therefore, the key point of the invention is the control of the furnace temperature, and the smelting temperature is required to be as high as possible, so that the decarburization and vanadium increase of the molten iron can be realized, and the reduction of the slag viscosity is facilitated, thereby increasing the chemical reaction speed.
The smelting method comprises five steps of charging, melting, oxidizing, refining and pouring.
1. Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO: 50-70% of CaF 2 :20 to 30%, mgO: 5 to 20 percent, and the dosage is 1.5 to 4.0 percent of the charging amount of the furnace charge.
During charging, slag and 5-10 kg aluminum lime as deoxidant are first charged into the furnace bottom, and then vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron, alloy steel and low carbon steel are charged successively. The bottom slag is added to timely cover the surface of the furnace charge after melting, so that the oxidation of alloy elements is reduced, and the desulfurization effect is achieved. The aluminum lime is added to prevent the oxidation of vanadium in the vanadium-containing pig iron in time.
2. Melting:
in order to reduce the oxidation loss of the alloying elements (especially vanadium) during the melting phase, it is preferable to add 3-5 kg of aluminium lime, a strong deoxidizer, to the slag.
The desulphurization in the melting period is realized by that FeS in the molten iron diffuses to the interface of the iron slag and interacts with CaO in the slag to form calcium sulfide which is insoluble in the molten iron, and the desulphurization is realized by deslagging after the smelting is finished.
For good desulfurization of the molten iron, it is preferable to set the melting temperature to 1520 ℃ or higher to facilitate the diffusion of FeS in the molten iron to the iron-slag interface and the diffusion of CaO in the slag to the iron-slag interface to cause desulfurization.
3. And (3) oxidation:
the main tasks of the oxidation phase are: decarburizing and boiling to reduce the content of gas and non-metallic inclusions in the molten steel, adjusting the oxidation degree of the metal to facilitate the reduction period and heating the metal to the tapping temperature.
The invention adopts V 2 O 5 The decarburization process is carried out by using vanadium which has a much greater affinity for oxygen than iron, i.e. V 2 O 5 Much more stable than FeO, then V 2 O 5 Since decarburization is much more difficult than decarburization with FeO, V is promoted 2 O 5 The decarburization reaction of (2) is preferably carried out while controlling the temperature of the molten iron to be higher and the viscosity of the slag to be as low as possible. Therefore, when the ferroalloy in the molten iron is completely melted, the temperature is increased to more than 1520 ℃, the slag components are adjusted, and 3-7 kg CaF can be added if the slag is dry 2 When the fluidity is good, the mixture is heated toAdding V into the slag 2 O 5 ，V 2 O 5 It is preferably baked at 450-500 deg.C for more than 10 hr before use. V 2 O 5 The addition is preferably carried out in batches, and each batch is preferably added with 15 to 25Kg, so that excessive addition is prevented, the slag temperature is too low, and the decarburization reaction is not facilitated. Adding each batch of V 2 O 5 Adding the next batch of V when the steel temperature reaches 1520 ℃ or above 2 O 5 。
4. Refining
The main task of the refining period is to complete deoxidation and molten steel alloying, so that the chemical components of steel meet the standard requirements, and the temperature of molten steel reaches the tapping temperature.
The reason of deoxidation in the refining period is that as smelting progresses, molten steel is oxidized and the temperature of the molten steel gradually rises, the oxygen content in the molten steel is increased, and the steel quality is deteriorated, and on the other hand, V in slag is reduced 2 O 5 Complete reduction, further improving the recovery rate of vanadium and other added alloy elements.
In order to deoxidize molten steel well, it is preferable to adjust slag components so that fluidity is good. The method for improving the fluidity of the slag is to add 3 to 7kg of fluorite into the slag. When the slag fluidity is good and the smelting temperature reaches 1520-1600 ℃, diffusion deoxidation is carried out. The deoxidizer is preferably used by first using a carbon powder and Si deoxidizer for diffusion deoxidation and then using an Al deoxidizer having a strong deoxidizing ability. The Si deoxidizer can be one or more of Si-Ca powder and Si-Fe. The Al deoxidizer can be one or more of aluminum lime, aluminum carbon and aluminum. Before use, the Si-Ca powder is preferably baked for more than four hours at 200-300 ℃ to ensure that the moisture content is less than 0.5 percent. The Si iron is preferably also baked before use. Before use, the aluminum ash is preferably baked for more than eight hours at 700 ℃ to ensure that the water content is less than 0.3 percent. The total amount of the deoxidizer is 0.8-2% of the burden weight, and the deoxidizer is generally added in 6-9 batches.
Alloy steel is supplemented in the refining period to supplement the loss of alloy elements in smelting, and if the alloy elements in smelting have no great loss and can meet the component requirements of steel grades, the alloy steel does not need to be supplemented.
5) Pouring
Tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
Example 4: high speed tool steel CW 6 M O5 Cr 4 V 3 1
1. The steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
| element name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Cr | Mo | W | Ni | Cu |
| GB/T9943 -1988 | 1.15 -1.25 | 0.20- 0.40 | 0.15- 0.4 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.0 3 | 2.75 -3.25 | 3.75 -4.50 | 4.75 -6.50 | 5.00 -6.75 | ≤ 0.3 | ≤ 0.25 |
| Calculating composition | 1.20 | 0.30 | 0.25 | - | - | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.2 | - | - |
2. Furnace burden components (weight percentage):
| element name Charge name | C | Si | Mn | S | P | V | Cr | Mo | W | Ni | Cu | Ti |
| Vanadium-containing pig iron | 4.00 | 0.20 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.40 | |||||
| VC r 600 carbon element Ferrochrome | 6.00 | 3.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 60 | |||||||
| FeMo-55-A Ferromolybdenum | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 55 | 0.50 | ||||||
| FeW-70-A Ferro-tungsten | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 70 | 0.15 | |||||
| Melting V 2 O 5 | 1.50 | 0.05 | V 2 O 5 90 | |||||||||
| 10 steel | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.25 |
3. Recovery rate (%) of alloy elements:
| element name | W | MO | Cr | V | Mn | Si | C |
| Recovery rate | 99 | 99 | 98 | 90 | 95 | 90 | 1000 |
4. The smelting of 2.7 tons of steel must have a determination of the weight m of the alloying elements:
and (4) calculating to obtain: w =141.8, mo =136.4, cr =110.2, V =90, mn =7.10, si =9.0, C =32.4
5. And (3) ingredient calculation:
(1) Tungsten and iron amount is required: 141.8/0.70=202 (Kg)
Entrainment (Kg): c =0.40, si =1.00, mn =0.50, S =0.16, P =0.08, cu =0.30
(2) The amount of ferromolybdenum is required: 136.4/0.55=248 (Kg)
Entrainment (Kg): c =0.50, si =2.48, S =0.25, P =0.07, cu =1.24
(3) The required carbon chromium iron amount is as follows: 110.2/0.60=183.7 (Kg)
Entrainment (Kg): c =11.00, si =5.50, S =0.07, P =0.13
(4) Need to be melted V 2 O 5 Quantity: since 9.52Kg of pure vanadium is added to the vanadium-containing pig iron, V is obtained 2 O 5 Pure vanadium V =90-9.52=80.48 (Kg) is required to be prepared. According to the melting V used 2 O 5 V in 2 O 5 When the component is 90%, adding melting V 2 O 5 =80.48 ÷ 0.90 ÷ 0.56=159.68 (Kg) entry amount (Kg): s =2.40, P =0.08.
(5) The required vanadium-containing pig iron content is as follows: considering the amount of carbon to be taken in
(a) Reduction of V 2 O 5 Carbon requirement: reduction reaction: 5C + V 2 O 5 Reduction of one weight unit V of =2V +5CO 2 O 5 Need to
Reducing 159.68KgV 2 O 5 C =159.68 × 0.33=52.69 (Kg).
(b) The steel grade contains C =1.20%, and needs C =2700 multiplied by 1.20%:32.40 (Kg). C =52.69+32.40=85.09 (Kg) is needed in the smelting process, C =11.90 (Kg) is brought in carbon ferrochrome, ferrotungsten and ferromolybdenum,
entrainment (Kg): c =32.40-11.90=20.50, si =3.66, mn =3.66, S =1.83, P =0.55, V =9.52, ti =7.32.
(6) 10 steel amount is needed: 2700- (202 +248+183.7+159.68+ 1830) =76.62 (Kg)
Carrying amount: (Kg): c =0.08, si =0.19, mn =0.31, S =0.02, P =0.02, cu =0.19, ni =0.23, cr =0.11.
6. 2700Kg burden calculation balance table:
| name of furnace charge Balance | Adding into Amount (A) Kg) | Amount (Kg) of alloying elements carried by furnace charge | |||||||||||
| C | Si | M n | S | P | Cr | W | Mo | V | Cu | Ni | Ti | ||
| Tungsten iron | 202. | 0.40. | 1.00 | 0.5 0 | 0.1 6 | 0.0 8 | 141. 80 | 0.3 0 | |||||
| Ferromolybdenum | 248. | 0.50 | 2.48 | 0.2 5 | 0.0 7 | 136. 40 | 1.2 4 | ||||||
| Carbon chromium Iron | 183.70 | 11.0 0 | 5.50 | 0.0 7 | 0.0 6 | 110. 20 | |||||||
| V 2 O 5 | 159.68 | 2.4 0 | 0.0 8 | 80.4 8 | |||||||||
| Vanadium-containing raw material Iron | 1830 | 20.5 0 | 3.66 | 3.6 6 | 1.8 3 | 0.5 5 | 9.52 | 7.3 2 | |||||
| 10 steel | 76.62 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.3 1 | 0.0 2 | 0.0 2 | 0.11 | 0.1 9 | 0.2 3 | ||||
| Total amount of | 2700. | 32.4 8 | 12.8 3 | 4.4 7 | 4.7 3 | 0.8 6 | 110. 31 | 141. 80 | 136. 40 | 90.0 0 | 1.7 3 | 0.2 3 | 7.3 2 |
| Each component Ratio of | 1.20 | 0.48 | 0.1 7 | 0.1 8 | 0.0 3 | 4.10 | 5.20 | 5.00 | 3.33 | 0.0 6 | 0.0 1 | 0.2 7 |
7. The smelting steps are as follows:
1) Charging:
the slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO:65% CaF 2 :25%, mgO:10 percent, and the dosage is 2.5 to 4.0 percent of the charging amount of the furnace charge.
When charging, firstly charging slag and deoxidizer aluminum lime at the bottom of the induction furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron, ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium, and finally charging 10 steels.
2) Melting:
3kg of strong deoxidizer aluminum lime is added into the slag, and the melting temperature is 1530 ℃.
3) And (3) oxidation:
when the temperature is raised to 1520 ℃ after the ferroalloy in the molten iron is completely melted, V is added into the slag in batches 2 O 5 After each batch of V is added 2 O 5 Then adding the next batch of V when the steel temperature reaches 1520 DEG C 2 O 5 。
4) Refining:
3kg of fluorite is added into the slag, when the slag has good fluidity and the smelting temperature reaches 1520 ℃, the aluminum lime is added for diffusion deoxidation, the usage amount of the aluminum lime is 1 percent of the charging amount of the furnace burden, and the aluminum ash is added in 6 batches.
5) Pouring
Tapping and pouring after the deoxidation is finished.
Examples of the low carbon steels in the above examples are all 10 steels, and other low carbon steels such as: 15 steel, 20 steel, 25 steel, etc. may be used in the method of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for directly smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium-titanium alloy steel by using vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron comprises the following steps: 1) Charging: firstly, charging all slag materials at the bottom of the furnace, then charging vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron, and finally charging low-carbon steel; when the vanadium content in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is lower than that of the steel to be smelted, the low-carbon steel is firstly chargedFilling alloy steel; 2) Melting; 3) And (3) oxidation: adding V 2 O 5 Or decarbonizing iron ore; 4) Refining: adding one or more of carbon powder, si or Al deoxidizer for deoxidation; adding alloy steel for refining; 5) And (6) pouring.
2. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slag charge in the step 1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: caO: 50-70% of CaF 2 ：20～30％、MgO：5～20％。
3. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the melting temperature in the step 2 is above 1520 ℃.
4. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 2, when the vanadium content in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is lower than that of the steel grade, adding 3-5 kg of aluminum lime into the slag.
5. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, when the vanadium content in the vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron is lower than that of the steel grade, V is added 2 O 5 Decarbonizing; and conversely, adding iron ore for decarburization.
6. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: 3, adding the iron ores in batches, wherein the adding amount of each batch is not more than 2% of the charging amount of the furnace, and adding a second batch of iron ores after the first batch of iron ores are acted and the temperature of molten steel reaches 1520 ℃ or above; the V is 2 O 5 Addition in portions of V 2 O 5 Adding 15-25 Kg of V into each batch 2 O 5 Then when the temperature of the molten steel reaches more than 1520 ℃, adding a second batch of V 2 O 5 。
7. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the V is 2 O 5 Baking at 450-500 deg.C for more than 10 hr before use.
8. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 4, adding 8-12 Kg of fluorite into the slag to improve the fluidity of the slag.
9. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel from vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 4, selecting one or more of Si-Ca powder and Si iron as the Si deoxidizer, and selecting one or more of aluminum lime, aluminum carbon and aluminum as the Al deoxidizer.
10. The method for direct smelting vanadium alloy steel or vanadium titanium alloy steel with vanadium-containing pig iron or sponge iron as claimed in claim 9, wherein: and 4, baking the Si-Ca powder for more than four hours at 200-300 ℃ before use to ensure that the water content is less than 0.5 percent, baking the Si-Fe powder before use, and baking the aluminum ash for more than eight hours at 700 ℃ before use to ensure that the water content is less than 0.3 percent.
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| CN101986079B (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-07-18 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Slag adding method for intermediate frequency induction furnace |
| CN102965468A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-03-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for adding ferrovanadium alloy in converter steelmaking |
| CN106216645B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 成都工业学院 | The method of ferrocolumbium casting dealuminzation |
| CN106480353A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization vanadium-bearing hot metal carries out alloying to HRB400 steel |
| CN106967917B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-03-19 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | The control method of FeV80 alloy carbon content |
| CN111020105A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-17 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Utilization method of vanadium-containing iron block |
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| CN1003941B (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1989-04-19 | 沃斯特-阿尔派因股分公司 | Process and apparatus for making steel from sponge iron |
| CN1165870A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-26 | 四川联合大学 | Rare-earth vanadium titanium synthetic cast iron for engine cylinder and its prodn. method |
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