CN100379380C - Strabism measuring instrument and its method for measuring strabism - Google Patents
Strabism measuring instrument and its method for measuring strabism Download PDFInfo
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- CN100379380C CN100379380C CNB2006100031397A CN200610003139A CN100379380C CN 100379380 C CN100379380 C CN 100379380C CN B2006100031397 A CNB2006100031397 A CN B2006100031397A CN 200610003139 A CN200610003139 A CN 200610003139A CN 100379380 C CN100379380 C CN 100379380C
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of an ophthalmology medical apparatus, and provides a novel heterotropia degree measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof for the eye muscle profession of the ophthalmology. The heterotropia degree measuring instrument of the present invention is composed of a stand frame, a coordinatograph, a head frame, a pair of contact lenses, a parallel light transmitting apparatus and a target staring system with nine far eye positions and near eye positions. When the purpose-made contact lenses with reflecting surfaces are worn on the eyes of a person to be measured, the head is fixed to a head support, the coordinatograph with latitude coordinates and longitude coordinates is arranged in front of the head support, two bundles of light rays are respectively used for irradiating the eyes, the light rays are reflected and projected on a coordinate plate through the reflecting surfaces on the contact lenses, the heterotropia degrees can be calculated by respectively reading the coordinates of the target stared by the eyes and the coordinates of reflecting spots when the target is covered, and the coordinates of the reflecting spots can be read and calculated by a coordinate value reading apparatus. The present invention can objectively, fast and accurately measure the heterotropia degree of human eyes in a standardized way, can satisfy the requirements of ophthalmology workers for design before the diagnosis and the treat of heterotropia and a heterotropia operation and academic communication, and can simultaneously cause patients to simply and fast finish the measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ophthalmic medical instrument field, a kind of specifically slant visibility measuring instrument and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
Stravismus is the ophthalmology common disease, and operative treatment is its main means, and the main foundation of design is the number of degrees of stravismus before the strabotomy art, so, obtain to look side ways the number of degrees accurately, be the key factor that influences surgical effect.The method of the inspection slant visibility of existing wide clinical application mainly contains: prism adds covering inspection technique, visual field arc inspection technique, cornea optical reflection method, strabismus ruler inspection technique and synoptophore inspection technique.Said method is all in understanding that depends on the patient in varying degrees and cooperation, and because the influence of examiner and examinee's subjective factors, check result is often inconsistent, deviation is bigger, normal appearance different doctors check, the result differs bigger situation, lacks the inspection method of objective unanimity, also is unfavorable for very much learned interchange.
The method that objective determination slant visibility in some researchs is also arranged now mainly is to adopt the shooting analytical system, by the motion of shooting eyeball and the variation of eye position, calculates slant visibility by image analysis software.Instrument as a kind of being called " stravismus is the shooting analytical equipment quantitatively ", form by a hemispherical stravismus video camera and computer, this camera head is controlled by computer program, can finish analyzing and processing, the photo printing of 9 eye position shootings, image and manage data of patient or the like.It is believed that to provide image document directly perceived, accurate, standardized for the stravismus diagnosis and treatment.But owing to those who are investigated's cornea size, eyeball size, axial length there are differences, also can there be error in the displacement of measuring eyeball front surface gauge point, and these errors can be exaggerated in the process of calculating the stravismus angle, for example: in axial length is on the eyeball of normal value 24mm, if it is 1mm that analysis image is measured the displacement error of certain point of eye table, so, when calculating the stravismus angle, error can reach 360 ° of * 1/ (24 π)=4.77 °, is converted into prism degree and is about 9 △; For another example: a myopia patient, axis oculi is long to be 28mm, if recording certain the some displacement of eye table is 5mm, corresponding angle be 5*360 °/(28* π)=20.46 °, if with the long 24mm of axis oculi calculating then be 5*360 °/(24* π)=23.87 °, producing error is 3.41 °, is converted into prism degree and is about 7 △.Because carrying out the method for image analysis calculation, these shootings are difficult to reach good degree of accuracy, so be not used widely clinically.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of slant visibility measuring instrument and measuring method thereof, to solve the big and baroque problem of measurement device of measurement error that existing inspection method exists.
The present invention takes following technical scheme: comprise stand, the coordinatograph, coordinate figure reading device, dark slide and head rest, the coordinatograph, coordinate figure reading device and head rest are fixed on the stand, head rest is used to locate the head of the measured, and makes two mid points of the measured be positioned at the sphere center position of coordinatograph hemisphere; Dark slide is handed or is connected with other parts, it is characterized in that: be provided with a plurality of fixation objects spaced apart on the sphere of the described coordinatograph; Eyes at the measured wear corneal contact lens, and this corneal contact lens is made of the reflecting strips that leaves the strip of spacing between symmetry is pasted two on contact lens and the horizontal radial line thereof.
The preferred diameter of described corneal contact lens is the hard mirror of 9～11mm, refractive diopter 0, the long 4mm of described reflecting strips, and wide 1mm, distance should be not less than 3mm between two reflecting strips; Described reflecting strips can adopt plated film, paste reflecting piece or realize in modes such as the built-in reflector layers of corneal contact lens.
The described eyeball that blocks can also adopt the combination of two complementary color light sources and two complementary color chips except with the common dark slide, as the luminous body of red and green color LED as fixation object, places Red lightscreening plate and green color filter before the eyes respectively; Or place level and vertical polarization sheet before the eyes respectively, corresponding fixation object adopts level and vertical polarization radiant.
Described stand can be designed to horizontal or vertical, and this horizontal stand comprises bed and support, and this bed is used for the measured and couches, and described head rest places on this bed surface; This support is arranged on one side of bed, by the cross bar that can swing the described coordinatograph is installed on this support top, and makes the sphere mouth down of this coordinatograph; Described vertical stand column and pole constitute, and column is provided with stretching structure, and the structure that pole being provided with can be swung also is connected the column upper end, and described head rest is installed on this pole.
Preferred hemispherical of the described coordinatograph and half round post, the desirable 33m of radius has graticule and longitude and latitude coordinate, is (0.0) point with central point, and the right side longitude is being for just, and the left side longitude is for negative, and the top latitude is for just, and the below latitude is for bearing, and coordinate figure refers to latitude and longitude coordinates; The vector that on behalf of the angle of the line of the centre of sphere and this coordinate points and the centre of sphere and (0.0) some line, the longitude of certain point and latitude decompose in level and vertical direction respectively, unit is for spending; Described fixation object comprises luminous body, convex lens and unthreaded hole, and unthreaded hole is located on the hemisphere of the described coordinatograph, outside the outer end of unthreaded hole convex lens is set, and the focus place is provided with luminous body in the outside of convex lens; One side of described convex lens is hinged by the outside of a swing handle and the coordinatograph, shifts out between luminous body and the unthreaded hole so that can swing; Luminous body is connected and is controlled respectively by this circuit the light on and off of each luminous body with external circuits.
Described external circuits can be controlled the light on and off of each luminous body respectively; Described luminous body is provided with 11 altogether, and wherein 9 are diagnosis eye position, and its unthreaded hole position coordinate on the coordinatograph is central point (0.0), (15,15), (15,15), (15 ,-15), (15 ,-15), (0,15), (15,0), (0 ,-15), (15,0); There are two to check (0.25) that A-V levy and (0.-25) in addition; The luminous body of described central point (0.0) adopts optically focused light beam or I level laser bundle, and all the other 10 fixation object luminous bodys adopt low-power light source.
Described coordinate figure reading device is a video camera, is installed on the top of head rest, towards the coordinatograph, is used to absorb coordinatograph image.
Described coordinate figure reading device is the light-sensitive element that is located at each coordinate points on the described coordinatograph, and connected being used for the output signal of light-sensitive element is converted to respective image, or calculate the treatment circuit of pairing coordinate figure.
At first put on described corneal contact lens, and make the head of the measured be positioned at described head rest, make the hemispherical coordinatograph centre of sphere be positioned at the eyes mid point at the eyes of the measured; Turn on (0.0) some luminous body, make a branch of optically focused light beam or I level laser Shu Zhaoxiang eyes, make dark slide hide right eye, this moment, right eye was hidden by dark slide, and the left eye fixation object; Dark slide moved make it to hide left eye, this moment, left eye was with covered, and the right eye fixation object, the irradiate light that luminous body sends is to right eye, through the reflection of cornea of right eye contact lens reflective surface, can on template, form a reflective band, the initial position (x that occurs of this reflective band, y), promptly before dark slide is by right eye, remove and the position coordinates that transfers the moment that hides left eye to is represented the corresponding orientation of right eye ball loxosis; Along with right eye is watched (0.0) point target attentively, reflecting strips will move to new position (x ', y '), and this position coordinates is represented the corresponding orientation of right eye ball normotopia; Read coordinate figure (x, y) and (x ', y '); Then (x '-x)/2 be the stravismus angle of certain horizontal direction, for right eye, the result is on the occasion of representing esotropia, and negative value is represented the exotropia, and for left eye, the result is on the occasion of representing the exotropia, and negative value is represented esotropia; (y '-y)/2 be the stravismus angle of eyeball vertical direction, no matter left eye or right eye, the result is on the occasion of representing hypotropia, negative value is represented hypertropia.
Described coordinate figure (x, y) and the concrete read method of (x ', y ') be: utilize described video camera with described luminous point from coordinate figure (x, y) process that moves to (x ', y ') is shot with video-corder, and passes through replay video, can read (x, y) and the concrete numerical value of (x ', y '); Or utilize the light-sensitive element induction reflected light of each coordinate points on the described coordinatograph, and the output signal of light-sensitive element is converted to respective image by treatment circuit, on this image, directly read coordinate figure; Or directly calculate pairing coordinate figure.
After taking technique scheme, the present invention can be objective, and accurately, the slant visibility of standardized measurement human eye satisfies the requirement that the ophthalmology worker looks side ways diagnosis and treatment, the preceding design of art and academic exchange, can allow the patient more convenient simultaneously, finishes inspection rapidly.Be compared to prior art, can be good at the objective determination that departure is carried out slant visibility, have good actual application clinically and be worth.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is that to adopt horizontal stand and video camera be the end face structure sketch map of the slant visibility measuring instrument embodiment of coordinate figure reading device in the present invention;
Figure 1B is the vertical view of Figure 1A;
Fig. 2 is that to adopt vertical stand and video camera be the structural representation of the slant visibility measuring instrument embodiment of coordinate figure reading device in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the hemispheroidal structural representation of the coordinatograph in the above embodiment of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 3 B is the left view of Fig. 3 A;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fixation object of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the front schematic view of corneal contact lens of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a measuring principle sketch map of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 7, shown slant visibility measuring instrument embodiment of the present invention is made up of stand 3, video camera 7, the coordinatograph 2, head rest 4, fixation object 8 and corneal contact lens 5 and 6.Video camera 7 and the computer (not shown) of this embodiment constitute the coordinate figure reading device jointly.Division is as follows:
1. stand 3: fixed coordinates instrument 2 and video camera 7 etc. can be designed to horizontal (referring to Fig. 1) or vertical (referring to Fig. 2).Fixing head and adjustment make two mid points be positioned at the sphere center position of hemisphere.Video camera 7 is installed on the top of head rest 4, towards the coordinatograph 2, is used to absorb coordinatograph image.Be pillow holder, also configurable volume holder 42 with the head rest 4 on the supporting bed board 1 of horizontal stand; Supporting head rest 4 is made of Lower jaw support 41 and E Tuo 42.Video camera 7 all is loaded in the volume holder 42, and is towards coordinatograph plate 2, basic identical with the direction of eyes.Volume holder 42 can be connected and fixed with stand 3, or is connected with bed board 1.
2. fixation object 8: every group of fixation object 8 formed by luminous body 81, convex lens 82 and unthreaded hole 83, unthreaded hole 83 is located on the hemisphere 2 of the described coordinatograph, convex lens 82 is set outside the outer end of unthreaded hole, luminous body 81 is set at the focus place in the outside of convex lens 82.One side of described convex lens 82 is hinged by the outside of a swing handle and the coordinatograph 2, shifts out between luminous body 81 and the unthreaded hole 83 so that can swing.Luminous body 81 is connected with external circuits and controls light on and off respectively by this circuit.Fixation object 8 is provided with 11 groups altogether.The luminous body of described central point (0.0) adopts optically focused light beam or I level laser bundle, and all the other 10 fixation object luminous bodys adopt the small-power ordinary light source, not necessarily send the optically focused light beam.
3. the coordinatograph 2 preferred hemisphericals (or half-cylindrical), the desirable 33m of radius has graticule and longitude and latitude coordinate, is (0 with the centre coordinate point, 0) point, right side longitude are for just, and the left side longitude is for negative, the top latitude is for just, and the below latitude is for bearing, and coordinate figure refers to latitude and longitude coordinates.The vector that on behalf of the angle of the line of the centre of sphere and this coordinate points and centre of sphere O and (0,0) some line, the longitude of certain point and latitude decompose in level and vertical direction respectively, unit for spend (°).9 diagnosis eye positions are set in 11 unthreaded holes in 11 groups of fixation objects 8, and their coordinate is respectively: central point (0,0), (15,15), (15,15), (15 ,-15), (15 ,-15), (0,15), (15,0), (0 ,-15), (15,0); Two positions of checking that A-V levies are set: (0,25) and (0 ,-25).The diameter of the unthreaded hole 83 of this embodiment is made as 10mm, and 11 fixation objects 8 that the convex lens 82 of placement luminous body and band swing handle is formed behind the hole are as fixation object.Wherein the luminous body 81 of central point (0,0) adopts the optically focused high-power LED light source, and all the other 10 point of fixation luminous bodys 81 adopt low-power LED to make light source, can be diverging lights.Convex lens 82 in the fixation object 8 places before the LED and can outward winding, and LED places the concave lens focus position, and making becomes parallel rays behind the light refraction, can simulate distant place sighting target.
4. corneal contact lens (referring to Fig. 6): can adopt various corneal contact lens, consider the stability of relative position between easy to process and contact lens and the eyeball, preferred hard mirror.Contact lens eyeglass 91 with 9～11mm diameter, 0 number of degrees is an example, and on a horizontal radial line, symmetry is pasted two long 4mm, and distance is answered＞3mm between 92, two reflecting strips 92 abutting ends of the reflecting strips of wide 1mm.Described reflecting strips 92 can adopt plated film, paste reflecting piece or realize in modes such as the built-in reflector layers of corneal contact lens.
Dark slide P of the present invention, dark slide P can hand, and also can be hinged on the coordinatograph 2 by connecting rod, can swing between two eyes.Dark slide P can also adopt the combination of two complementary color light sources and two complementary color chips except with the common dark slide, as the luminous body 81 of red and green color LED as fixation object 8, places Red lightscreening plate and green color filter before the eyes respectively; Or place level and vertical polarization sheet before the eyes respectively, corresponding fixation object adopts level and vertical polarization radiant.
Of the present invention except adopting above-mentioned camera system as the coordinate figure reading device, the light-sensitive element that can also be provided in a side of each coordinate points on the described coordinatograph 2, and connected being used for the output signal of light-sensitive element is converted to respective image, or calculate the treatment circuit (not shown) of pairing coordinate figure.Technology for routine.
Measuring method of the present invention wears above-mentioned corneal contact lens 5 and 6 at first for examine person's eyes, makes reflecting strips 92 be positioned at the level position.Fixing head makes the hemispherical coordinatograph 2 centre ofs sphere be positioned at the eyes mid point in head rest 4.At first turn on (0.0) some luminous body and produce optically focused light beam or I level laser bundle irradiation eyes, hide right eye, left eye fixation object with dark slide P.Then dark slide P is moved the covering left eye, use the right eye fixation object, on template 2, can form a reflective band.The initial position that occurs of this reflective band promptly turns to the position coordinates of the moment that hides left eye to represent the corresponding orientation of right eye ball loxosis at dark slide P by the covering right eye.Very fast, along with right eye is watched (0.0) point target attentively, reflective band will move to new position, and this position coordinates is represented the corresponding orientation of right eye ball normotopia.Camera system 7 is shot with video-corder this process, moment when the video replay reflective band that right eye contact lens reflecting strips 92 is reflected to template just occurs, reflective band is two elongated bright line sections, the any coordinate of any in 4 end points of desirable two bright line sections, certain end points that has certain line segment because of interior oblique, outer gradient when big conceals into endocanthion or outer canthus, but it is unaffected to have an end points at least, visual concrete condition and choose impregnable point.Read this initial instant coordinate (x, y) and the coordinate behind the right eye fixation object (x ', y '), then (x '-x)/2 be the stravismus angle of left eye right eye ball horizontal direction when watching attentively, the result is on the occasion of representing esotropia, negative value is represented the exotropia; (y '-y)/2 being the stravismus angle of right eye ball vertical direction, the result is on the occasion of representing hypotropia, negative value is represented hypertropia.
When measuring right eye and watching attentively when left eye slant visibility and other position slant visibility step and principle to above-mentioned similar.
Embodiment one:
Shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, adopt horizontal type structure, reflecting strips 92 is taked bonding method, and the high reflective surface of pasting two 4*1*0.3 is in contact lens eyeglass 91 relevant positions, coordinatograph plate (0.0) luminous body adopts 15 ° of optically focused LED of 1W power, and all the other luminous bodys adopt the LED of 0.1W.Hide left eye with dark slide P earlier, the right eye fixation object moves to right eye with dark slide P by left eye then, and the initial instant coordinate of bright spot was (16 when left eye went to hide, 0), coordinate of bright spot is (60,0) behind the fixation object, then during examinee's right eye fixation object, left eye horizontal strabismus degree be (60-16)/2=-38 °, the vertical squint degree is (0-0)/2=0 °, represents 38 ° of this patient's left eye esotropias, does not have vertical squint.
Embodiment two:
Adopt the vertical headstock 3 shown in Figure 2, reflecting strips 92 is taked silver-plated film mode, and the reflective surface of two 4*1mm of plating is in contact lens eyeglass 91 relevant positions, and coordinatograph plate (0.0) luminous body adopts the I level laser bundle of 3cm diameter, and all the other luminous bodys adopt the LED of 0.1W.Hide right eye with dark slide P earlier, the left eye fixation object moves to left eye with dark slide P by right eye then, and the initial instant coordinate of bright spot was (80 when right eye went to hide, 10), coordinate of bright spot is (10,8) behind the fixation object, when then examinee's left eye is watched (0.0) target attentively, right eye horizontal strabismus degree is (10-80)/2=-35 °, the vertical squint degree is (8-10)/2=-1 °, represents 35 ° of this patient's right eye exotropves, 1 ° of hypertropia.
The geometric optical theory of foundation of the present invention: spatial light can resolution of vectors to level carry out analytical calculation respectively with vertical both direction, below the calculating principle of analysis level direction.
Eyeball is approximately an equivalent sphere, and the reflective surface AB of contact lens is affixed on eyeball surface, and geometrical light-path figure as shown in Figure 7.
Oculogyral angle is ∠ FDG, and the central angle of arc BC correspondence is ∠ BOC.Mathematical principle can calculate and learn, ∠ FDG ≈ 1/2 ∠ BOC, and poor (being the error)＜1/20 ∠ FDG of ∠ FDG and 1/2 ∠ BOC, error can be accepted.
The present invention is except adopting above-mentioned camera system as the coordinate figure reading device measuring method, also can utilize the light-sensitive element induction reflected light of each coordinate points on the described coordinatograph, and the output signal of light-sensitive element is converted to respective image by treatment circuit, on this image, directly read coordinate figure; Or directly calculate pairing coordinate figure.
Claims (10)
1. slant visibility measuring instrument, comprise stand, the coordinatograph, coordinate figure reading device, dark slide and head rest, the coordinatograph, coordinate figure reading device and head rest are fixed on the stand, head rest is used to locate the head of the measured, and makes two mid points of the measured be positioned at the sphere center position of coordinatograph hemisphere; Dark slide is handed or is connected with other parts, it is characterized in that: be provided with a plurality of fixation objects spaced apart on the sphere of the described coordinatograph; Eyes at the measured wear corneal contact lens, and this corneal contact lens is made of the reflecting strips that leaves the strip of spacing between symmetry is pasted two on contact lens and the horizontal radial line thereof.
2. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described corneal contact lens diameter is the hard mirror of 9～11mm, refractive diopter 0, the long 4mm of described reflecting strips, and wide 1mm, distance is not less than 3mm between two reflecting strips abutting ends; Described reflecting strips adopts plated film, paste reflecting piece or realize in the built-in reflector layer mode of corneal contact lens.
3. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described dark slide is the combination of common dark slide or two complementary color light sources and two complementary color chips.
4. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described two complementary color light sources are the luminous body of red and green color LED as fixation object; Described two complementary color chips are to be placed on eyes preceding Red lightscreening plate and green color filter.
5. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described two complementary color chips are to be placed on eyes preceding level and vertical polarization sheet; Described two complementary color light sources adopt level and vertical polarization radiant.
6. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described stand is horizontal or vertical, and horizontal stand comprises bed and support, and this bed is used for the measured and couches, and described head rest places on this bed; This support is arranged on one side of bed, by the cross bar that can swing the described coordinatograph is installed on this support top, and makes the sphere mouth down of this coordinatograph; Vertical stand is made of column and pole, and column is provided with stretching structure, and the structure that pole being provided with can be swung also is connected the column upper end, and described head rest is installed on this pole.
7. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described coordinatograph is a hemispherical, radius is 33m, has graticule and longitude and latitude coordinate, is (0 with central point, 0) point, the right side longitude is being for just, and the left side longitude is for negative, and the top latitude is for just, the below latitude is for negative, and coordinate figure refers to latitude and longitude coordinates; The vector that on behalf of the angle of the line of the centre of sphere and this coordinate points and the centre of sphere and (0,0) some line, the longitude of certain point and latitude decompose in level and vertical direction respectively, unit is for spending; Described fixation object comprises luminous body, convex lens and unthreaded hole, and unthreaded hole is located on the hemisphere of the described coordinatograph, outside the outer end of unthreaded hole convex lens is set, and the focus place is provided with luminous body in the outside of convex lens; One side of described convex lens is hinged by the outside of a swing handle and the coordinatograph, shifts out between luminous body and the unthreaded hole so that can swing; Luminous body is connected and is controlled respectively by this circuit the light on and off of each luminous body with external circuits.
8. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described luminous body is provided with 11 altogether, and wherein 9 are diagnosis eye position, its unthreaded hole position coordinate on the coordinatograph is a central point (0,0), (15,15), (15,15), (15,-15), (15,-15), (0,15), (15,0), (0,-15), (15,0); There are two coordinates of checking that A-V levies to be (0,25) and (0 ,-25) in addition; The luminous body of described central point (0,0) adopts optically focused light beam or I level laser bundle, and all the other 10 fixation object luminous bodys adopt low-power light source.
9. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described coordinate figure reading device is a video camera, is installed on the top of head rest, towards the coordinatograph, is used to absorb coordinatograph image.
10. slant visibility measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described coordinate figure reading device is the light-sensitive element that is located at each coordinate points on the described coordinatograph, and connected being used for the output signal of light-sensitive element is converted to respective image, or calculate the treatment circuit of pairing coordinate figure.
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| CN109431444A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-08 | 广州视景医疗软件有限公司 | Eye position deviation check method and eye position deviation topographic map check system |
| CN110251073B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2024-01-30 | 南京览视医疗科技有限公司 | Diagnostic device for intelligently screening strabismus and diopter |
| CN113143198A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-23 | 温州医科大学眼视光研究院 | Prism row lens inspection device for strabismus inspection |
| CN113143199B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-05-17 | 上海青研科技有限公司 | Strabismus inspection equipment |
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| US6663242B1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2003-12-16 | Wayne Davenport | Simultaneous, wavelength multiplexed vision screener |
| CN2552474Y (en) * | 2002-06-22 | 2003-05-28 | 顾宝文 | Strabismus quantitative photographic analyser |
| CN2640445Y (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2004-09-15 | 苏州六六视觉科技股份有限公司 | Eye tracking reflecting sheet ring of quasi-molecular laser therapeutic machine |
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| CN1813624A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
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