CN100360957C - Unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar and detecting method thereof - Google Patents
Unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar and detecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100360957C CN100360957C CNB2005100384106A CN200510038410A CN100360957C CN 100360957 C CN100360957 C CN 100360957C CN B2005100384106 A CNB2005100384106 A CN B2005100384106A CN 200510038410 A CN200510038410 A CN 200510038410A CN 100360957 C CN100360957 C CN 100360957C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a novel unattended full time operating portable polarization-meter scattering laser radar and a detecting method thereof. The overall structure of the scattering laser radar is divided into three parts: a laser transmitter power supply is singly placed; a laser transmitter, a pair of light reaction mirrors, a receiving telescope, a successor optical unit and a photomultiplier tube are integrated into a uniform whole and are arranged on a triangle supporting frame; a collecting card is inserted in a master-control computer, and an amplifier, a photomultiplier tube gating circuit and a matching power supply are arranged in a portable and movable control cabinet. The present invention can be applied to the detection of all time depolarized direct ratio perpendicular profiles of sand dust storms and cirrus, troposphere aerosol extinction perpendicular profiles and atmospheric horizontal visibility, and under the set of running control software, according to the requirement of observation, full automatic unattended operation continuous detection is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to have the laser radar of surveying sandstorm and cirrus depolarization ratio Vertical Profile and troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility dual-use function.
Technical background
Laser radar is to be light source with laser, and the radiation signal by exploring laser light and atmospheric interaction comes remote sensing atmosphere.Light wave and atmosphere medium interact, and can produce air inclusion atom, molecule and particulate radiation signal for information about, utilize corresponding inversion method just can therefrom obtain information about gas atom, molecule and particulate.Therefore, the laser radar technique basis is the various physical processes that interact and produced between gas atom, molecule and the particulate in optical radiation and the atmosphere.
After nineteen sixty, first laser instrument came out in the world, laser technology just promptly was applied to atmospheric exploration.The distribution of sodion in people such as Italian Fiocco in 1962 have used first ruby laser radar detection 80～140km upper atmosphere, U.S. Stanford Research Institute in 1963 be used for the laser radar that the troposphere gasoloid is surveyed.Since then, along with laser technology development with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements, and the advanced acquisition of signal and the application of data acquisition processing system, laser radar becomes a kind of important active remote sensing instrument with its high time, spatial resolution and measuring accuracy.
Sandstorm particle in the atmosphere and cirrus particle all are typical nonspherical particles, when a branch of linearly polarized laser shines these nonspherical particles, to scattered light will no longer be linearly polarized light thereafter, utilize the analyzing prism vertical component in scattered light and parallel component branch thereafter can be come, use two photomultipliers simultaneously they to be measured.The ratio of vertical component and parallel component is defined as depolarization ratio, and it is generally between 0 to 1.When not having sandstorm particle and cirrus particle in the atmosphere, according to the Mie scattering theory, can carry out the detection of troposphere aerosol extinction profile, because the dynamic range of whole troposphere gasoloid echoed signal is too big, use a photomultiplier not satisfy the demands, at this moment use spectroscope that echoed signal is divided into closely signal and distant signal, using two measures them simultaneously, be stitched together then, just can be to arriving the aerocolloidal echo profile in whole layer troposphere, after the inverting, can obtain the aerocolloidal delustring profile in troposphere.When carrying out the atmospheric horizontal visibility detection, the atmospheric level homogeneous is supposed in the emission of shoot laser level, utilizes the slope method can obtain the atmospheric level extinction coefficient, can obtain atmospheric horizontal visibility by calculating.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel unmanned portable polarization of dual-purpose-Mie scattering laser radar round the clock, Primary Component all adopts small-sized full consolidated structures or modular construction, add the unique follow-up optics and the design of running control software, has compact conformation, volume is little, in light weight, be easy to move, working stability is reliable, operation continuously round the clock, automaticity high and and advantage such as unmanned detection, be applied to day and night sandstorm and cirrus depolarization direct ratio Vertical Profile, the detection of troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, and under the setting of running control software, according to observation requirements, realize full-automatic unmanned continuous probe on duty.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar includes laser emission element, receives optics and follow-up optical unit and acquisition of signal collection demonstration and operation control module, it is characterized in that:
(1), a pair of light reflex mirror group (M1 that installs before by generating laser, generating laser power supply, generating laser of laser emission element, M2) constitute, generating laser emission line polarization laser is transmitted in the atmosphere through light reflex mirror group, makes emergent light axis parallel with the receiving telescope optical axis by adjusting M2;
(2), receive optical unit and form by receiving telescope, aperture, convergent lens, follow-up optical unit is made of wave plate, analyzing prism, spectroscope and total reflective mirror, the optical axis coincidence of reception optical unit and follow-up optical unit; Aperture is installed behind the receiving telescope, convergent lens is installed thereafter, the focus of convergent lens overlaps with the focus of receiving telescope, and the atmospheric backscatter optical convergence that receiving telescope is received becomes directional light, imports follow-up optical unit subsequently again; Wave plate is installed on the chute that is positioned over the convergent lens back by fixed support, can slide on the direction of vertical and receiving telescope optical axis along chute, and wave plate can be in its fixed support be done 360 along own optical axis and spend and rotate; When the detection system constant, wave plate is followed its fixed support and is slided along chute, make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, when carrying out the detection of sandstorm and cirrus depolarization ratio Vertical Profile and troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, wave plate withdraws from follow-up optical unit; There is a slot wave plate fixed support back, analyzing prism/spectroscope switches respectively and is inserted in the slot, when measuring the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of sandstorm and cirrus, along slot with analyzing prism " insertion ", make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into vertical component and parallel component, and vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror; When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, along slot with spectroscope " insertion ", also make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, rear orientation light is divided into closely signal and distant signal by spectroscope, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, distant signal enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror;
(3), the acquisition of signal collection shows and moves control module by main wave detector PD, photomultiplier A, photomultiplier B, two-path amplifier, double channel A/D capture card, main control computer, the gating circuit of photomultiplier and supporting power supply are formed, photomultiplier A, B is converted to electric signal with the light signal of two passages respectively, send into two-path amplifier, electric signal is sent into double channel A/D capture card after amplifying through amplifier, capture card is inserted in the main control computer, under the sequential control of main wave detector PD, with the electrical signal conversion that collects is that the ASCII character digital recording is in the detection data file, so that subsequent treatment, supporting power supply comprises photomultiplier, the power supply of amplifier and photomultiplier gating circuit.
Described unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar is characterized in that selecting for use 1/2nd quartz crystal wave plates of 532nm wavelength; Select vertical component and the orthogonal analyzing prism of parallel component after the beam split for use; Select the yellow glass spectroscope of 4% reflection, 96% transmission for use.
The detection method of unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar, the linearly polarized laser that it is characterized in that generating laser emission 532nm wavelength, the rear orientation light of atmosphere is received telescope and receives, pass through aperture earlier, pass through convergent lens again, enter follow-up optical unit again after becoming directional light: when measuring the depolarization ratio profile of sandstorm and cirrus, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into two bundles, a branch of is vertical component, another bundle is parallel component, vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, and parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror; When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, rear orientation light also is divided into two bundles by spectroscope, a branch ofly be signal closely, another bundle is distant signal, the polarization characteristic of this two-beam is identical, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, distant signal is through behind the total reflective mirror, enter another photomultiplier B, photomultiplier A, B selects the photomultiplier to 532nm wavelength response sensitivity for use, by photomultiplier light signal is converted to electric signal, amplifies by two-path amplifier again, enter 16 bit PCI capture cards at a high speed, gather by the main control computer running control software, storage and demonstration, running control software can require to be provided with regularly measurement parameter according to actual measurement, realizes full-automatic unmanned detection on duty, obtains continuous result of detection.
Generating laser, generating laser power supply and light reflex mirror group constitute laser emission element; Receiving telescope, aperture and convergent lens constitute the reception optical unit, and wave plate, analyzing prism, spectroscope and total reflective mirror constitute follow-up optical unit; Optical filter, photomultiplier, amplifier, capture card, main control computer, running control software and auxiliary control appliance and supporting power supply constitute acquisition of signal collection demonstration and operation control module.
Adopt biaxial system, generating laser and receiving telescope are assemblied on the same casing, can do the motion of pitching and orientation simultaneously, generating laser shoot laser and receiving telescope optical axis keeping parallelism.The generating laser power supply is placed separately; Generating laser, reception optics, follow-up optics and the synthetic unified integral body of these four sub-collection of units of acquisition of signal, this part is assemblied on the A-frame, can do the motion of pitching and orientation; Data acquisition display unit and other Auxiliary Control Elements and outfit power supply are assemblied in the light movably switch board.
Brilliant Nd:YAG two double-frequency laser transmitter and the power supplys thereof that the present invention adopts Quantel company to produce.Generating laser and light reflex mirror group are born on the top of receiving telescope and follow-up optical unit casing, can carry out the rotation in pitching and orientation along with receiving telescope together, to carry out the measurement on the horizontal or vertical direction.(M1 M2) constitutes light reflex mirror group, and M1 is 1064nm wavelength full impregnated, 532nm wavelength total reflective mirror, and M2 is a 532nm wavelength total reflective mirror by two catoptrons.
The Schmidt-Cassegrain type telescope that receiving telescope selects for use Meada company to produce, diameter is 25.4 centimetres (10 inches).Aperture is selected the variable orifices diaphragm of CVI Laser company for use, receive field angle from 1mrad to the 4mrad scalable.Convergent lens is made by K9 glass, and is coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength.Convergent lens is converged to directional light with the rear orientation light that receiving telescope receives, and imports follow-up optical unit subsequently.
Wave plate is selected 1/2nd wave plates of 532nm wavelength for use, install one independently on the chute by its fixed support, be positioned over the back of convergent lens, the glide direction of chute is vertical with the receiving telescope optical axis, wave plate can be done 360 degree rotations along the optical axis of oneself in its fixed support, also can slide on the direction of vertical and receiving telescope optical axis along chute, wave plate is usefulness when the detection system constant only, need not during the normal observation experiment.When the detection system constant, wave plate slides along chute, makes its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence.When carrying out the detection of sandstorm and cirrus depolarization ratio Vertical Profile and troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, wave plate takes out, and withdraws from follow-up optical unit.Analyzing prism and spectroscope are inserted on the same slot by switching mode, the glide direction of slot is also vertical with the receiving telescope optical axis, only need simple " insert, extract " action, realize analyzing prism and spectroscopical switching, the analyzing prism is selected the PBS-532-100 polarization splitting prism of CVI Laser company for use, spectroscope is selected 4% reflection, the yellow glass of 96% transmission for use.When measuring the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of sandstorm and cirrus, along slot with analyzing prism " insertion ", make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into vertical component and parallel component, vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror.When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, with analyzing prism " dial-out " slot, with spectroscope " insertion ", also make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, rear orientation light is divided into closely signal and distant signal by spectroscope, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, and distant signal enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror.
Photomultiplier is selected H7680 of Hamamatsu company and H7680-01 photomultiplier for use, and the 532nm narrow band pass filter of Bar company is equipped with in the photomultiplier front.After photomultiplier A, B are converted to electric signal with the light signal of two passages respectively, send into Model 777 two-path amplifiers of Philllips company.Electric signal after being exaggerated is finished the A/D conversion by 16 bit PCI-1610 high-speed collection card of Gage company, finishes collection, storage, demonstration and the regularly continuous coverage of data under the instruction of running control software.
The present invention is the portable Mie scattering laser radar of dual-purpose round the clock, and it has following characteristics:
1) polarization is surveyed and Mie scattering detection dual-use function.Can carry out the detection of depolarization ratio Vertical Profile and the troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and the atmospheric horizontal visibility of sandstorm and cirrus.
2) signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is big, surveys highly high.No matter daytime or night, the detection of depolarization ratio Vertical Profile is highly for 2km arrives 18km, and the aerosol extinction Vertical Profile is surveyed height from ground to 18km, and the horizontal visibility investigative range is from tens meters to tens kilometers.
3) finish the time weak point of once surveying.Each detection shortest time only is 2 minutes.
4) unmanned continuous probe.According to observation requirements, be provided with the operation control program after, promptly can carry out the timing continuous probe.
5) compact conformation, weight are lighter, are easy to carry and move, and are applicable to that the outfield uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a binary channels ratio of gains profile result of detection.
Fig. 3 is the parallel component and the vertical component profile result of detection of atmosphere echoed signal.
Fig. 4 is typical depolarization ratio profile result of detection.
Fig. 5 is a typical troposphere aerosol extinction profile result of detection.
Fig. 6 is the geometric factor of unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is typical atmospheric horizontal visibility result of detection.
The tool present embodiment
Unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar structural representation of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Its general structure is divided three parts: the generating laser power supply is placed separately; Generating laser, light reflex mirror group, receiving telescope, follow-up optical unit and photomultiplier assemble unified integral body, are equipped on the A-frame; Capture card is inserted in the main control computer and amplifier, photomultiplier gating circuit and supporting power supply are installed in the light movably switch board.The linearly polarized laser of generating laser emission 532nm wavelength, the rear orientation light of atmosphere is received telescope and receives, and earlier by aperture, again by convergent lens, enters follow-up optical unit again after becoming directional light.In order to realize that polarization is surveyed and Mie scattering is surveyed dual-use function, adopt unique follow-up optical unit: when measuring the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of sandstorm and cirrus, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into two bundles, a branch of is vertical component, another bundle is parallel component, vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, and parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror; When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, rear orientation light also is divided into two bundles by spectroscope, a branch ofly be signal closely, another bundle is distant signal, the polarization characteristic of this two-beam is identical, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, and distant signal enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror.Two photomultipliers are all selected the photomultiplier to 532nm wavelength response sensitivity for use, by photomultiplier light signal is converted to electric signal, amplify by two-path amplifier again, enter high-speed collection card, gather, store and show by the main control computer running control software.Running control software can require to be provided with regularly measurement parameter according to actual measurement, realizes full-automatic unmanned detection on duty, obtains continuous result of detection.
Unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre laser radar important technological parameters of the present invention
| The unit title | Technical parameter |
| Laser emission element laser wavelength (nm) single pulse energy (mJ) | Quantel Brilliant Nd:YAG SHG 532 180 |
| Pulse repetition rate (Hz) beam divergence angle (mrad)
Receive optics and follow-up optical unitReceiving telescope model diameter (mm) visual field (mrad) wave plate (532nm) analyzing prism (532nm) spectroscope optical filter centre wavelength (nm) half width (nm) transmitance (%)The acquisition of signal collection shows and the operation control modulePhotomultiplier model spectral response (nm) amplifier gain bandwidth (MHz) A/D capture card acquisition precision (bit) acquisition rate (MHz) main control computer |
10 0.5 Schmidt-Cassegrain, 1/ |
The various typical result of detection that uses apparatus of the present invention to obtain:
1. the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of sandstorm and cirrus
Before the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of measuring sandstorm and cirrus, need measure the ratio of gains constant K of two detection channels, shown in Figure 2 is the result of one-shot measurement.As can be seen from Figure 2, the mean value of the ratio of gains constant of laser radar of the present invention is 1.2, and is highly keeping well linear from 2km to 18km.After the ratio of gains constant of system was determined, constant as long as the hardware parameter of maintenance system is provided with, then also inconvenience of this constant in case the hardware parameter of system changes, then needed to redefine this constant.
That shown in Figure 3 is once the result of the detection of typical parallel component (p) and vertical component (s) echoed signal.As can be seen from Figure 3 vertical component is just occurring just detecting bigger vertical component under the situation of cirrus than little many of parallel component.
That shown in Figure 4 is the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile result of a unmanned continuous probe.As can be seen 15:15 assign to 16:15 divide between and 17:45 divide stratocirrus existence arranged near the 8km height, its depolarization ratio is between 0.4 to 0.6.
2. troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile
That shown in Figure 5 is the troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile result of unmanned continuous probe.This section is in the period as can be seen, and the height of atmospheric boundary layer is about 1.5km, and the extinction coefficient of the extinction coefficient ratio free atmosphere in boundary layer is big.In time, one deck gasoloid occur at the 7km place to 16:55 at 16:25, its extinction coefficient is between 0.2 to 0.4.
3. atmospheric horizontal visibility
Shown in Figure 6 is the geometric factor detective curve of laser radar of the present invention.As can be seen from Figure 6, be full of the district for laser radar geometric factor of the present invention and start from the 0.8km place.
Shown in Figure 7 is the typical result of detection of an atmospheric horizontal visibility.As can be seen from Figure 7, the matched curve from 2.5km to 10km (redness) overlaps with LnPR2 profile (blueness) basically, proves that the atmospheric level homogeneity of this moment is fine.The slope of matched curve is-0.498, calculating can get this moment atmospheric horizontal visibility be 15.7km.
Claims (3)
1, unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre scattering laser radar includes laser emission element, receives optics and follow-up optical unit and acquisition of signal collection demonstration and operation control module, it is characterized in that:
(1), a pair of light reflex mirror group M1, the M2 that install before by generating laser, generating laser power supply, generating laser of laser emission element constitutes, generating laser emission line polarization laser is transmitted in the atmosphere through light reflex mirror group, makes emergent light axis parallel with the receiving telescope optical axis by adjusting M2;
(2), receive optical unit and form by receiving telescope, aperture, convergent lens, follow-up optical unit is made of wave plate, analyzing prism, spectroscope and total reflective mirror, the optical axis coincidence of reception optical unit and follow-up optical unit; Aperture is installed behind the receiving telescope, convergent lens is installed thereafter, the focus of convergent lens overlaps with the focus of receiving telescope, and the atmospheric backscatter optical convergence that receiving telescope is received becomes directional light, imports follow-up optical unit subsequently again; Wave plate is installed on the chute that is positioned over the convergent lens back by the fixed light frame, can slide on the direction of vertical and receiving telescope optical axis along chute, and wave plate can be in its fixed support be done 360 along own optical axis and spend and rotate; When the detection system constant, wave plate is followed its fixed support and is slided along chute, makes its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence; When carrying out the detection of sandstorm and cirrus depolarization ratio Vertical Profile and troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, wave plate withdraws from follow-up optical unit; Analyzing prism/spectroscope switches respectively and is inserted in the slot, when measuring the depolarization ratio Vertical Profile of sandstorm and cirrus, along slot with analyzing prism " insertion ", make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into vertical component and parallel component, vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, and parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror; When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, along slot with spectroscope " insertion ", also make its optical axis and receiving telescope optical axis coincidence, rear orientation light is divided into closely signal and distant signal by spectroscope, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, distant signal enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror;
(3), the acquisition of signal collection shows and moves control module by main wave detector PD, photomultiplier A, photomultiplier B, two-path amplifier, double channel A/D capture card, main control computer, the gating circuit of photomultiplier and supporting power supply are formed, photomultiplier A, B is converted to electric signal with the light signal of two passages respectively, send into two-path amplifier, electric signal is sent into the collection of double channel A/D capture card after amplifying through amplifier, capture card is inserted in the main control computer, under the sequential control of main wave detector PD, with the electrical signal conversion that collects is that the ASCII character digital recording is in the detection data file, so that subsequent treatment, supporting power supply comprises photomultiplier, the power supply of amplifier and photomultiplier gating circuit.
2, unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre scattering laser radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that selecting for use 1/2nd quartz crystal wave plates of 532nm wavelength; Select vertical component and the orthogonal analyzing prism of parallel component after the beam split for use; Select the yellow glass spectroscope of 4% reflection, 96% transmission for use.
3, the detection method of unattended full time operating portable polarization-metre scattering laser radar, the linearly polarized laser that it is characterized in that generating laser emission 532nm wavelength, the rear orientation light of atmosphere is received telescope and receives, pass through aperture earlier, pass through convergent lens again, enter follow-up optical unit again after becoming directional light: when measuring the depolarization ratio profile of sandstorm and cirrus, the tested partial prism of rear orientation light is divided into two bundles, a branch of is vertical component, another bundle is parallel component, vertical component directly enters photomultiplier A, and parallel component enters another photomultiplier B through behind the total reflective mirror; When measuring troposphere aerosol extinction Vertical Profile and atmospheric horizontal visibility, rear orientation light also is divided into two bundles by spectroscope, a branch ofly be signal closely, another bundle is distant signal, the polarization characteristic of this two-beam is identical, closely signal directly enters photomultiplier A, distant signal is through behind the total reflective mirror, enter another photomultiplier B, photomultiplier A, B selects the photomultiplier to 532nm wavelength response sensitivity for use, by photomultiplier light signal is converted to electric signal, amplifies by two-path amplifier again, enter 16 bit PCI capture cards at a high speed, gather by the main control computer running control software, storage and demonstration, running control software can require to be provided with regularly measurement parameter according to actual measurement, realizes full-automatic unmanned detection on duty, obtains continuous result of detection.
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| US9851291B2 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2017-12-26 | Hamilton Associates, Inc. | Realtime optical method and system for detecting and classifying biological and non-biological particles |
| US10908064B2 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2021-02-02 | Hamilton Associates, Inc. | Realtime optical method and system for detecting and classifying biological and non-biological particles |
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