CN100366876C - Online analysis method and system for operation efficiency of combined gas-steam cycle power station - Google Patents
Online analysis method and system for operation efficiency of combined gas-steam cycle power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides an on-line analysis method and a system for the operating efficiency of combined gas and steam cycle power stations. The on-line analysis system comprises an on-site data gathering unit, a data base server, a module calculating server, a client machine and a network, wherein the on-site data gathering unit is used for measuring the state parameters of the branched devices of a power station, the data base server is connected with the on-site data gathering unit and is used for storing the state parameters measured by the on-site data gathering unit, the module calculating server can calculate the total operating efficiency of the power station and the influence degree of the branched devices of the power station in the current state to the total operating efficiency of the power station according to the state parameters read from the data base, the client machine receives commands input by users and outputs the calculation results of the module calculating server, and the data base, the module calculating server and the client machine are connected together by the network. A calculation module in the present invention is based on analysis equation, so that the module is simple and enhances calculating speed and accuracy. In addition, the calculation module has clear physical meaning and is convenient for the quantitative analysis of various factors which influence the total efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermal power generation technology, in particular to a method and a system for analyzing the operation efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power station on line.
Background
The thermal power generation is a general power generation system that uses fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are abundant in nature. Thermal power generation can be divided into steam turbine power generation, gas turbine power generation, internal combustion engine power generation, gas-steam combined cycle power generation and other technologies according to different power generation modes. The steam turbine power generation is also called steam power generation, and utilizes fuel to burn in a boiler to generate steam, the steam is used for driving a steam turbine, and then the steam turbine drives a generator to generate power. In the power generation of the internal combustion engine, the sucked compressed air and the injected fuel are ignited and combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that the mechanical rotation is pushed, and the generator is driven to generate power.
So-called gas-steam combined cycle power generation is actually a combination of gas power generation and steam power generation. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a typical combined gas and steam cycle power plant. As shown in fig. 1, the gas-steam combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbine (turbine or power turbine) 11, a steam turbine 12, a generator 13, an air compressor 14, a gas compressor 15, a combustion chamber 16, a waste heat boiler 17, and a pipeline 18, wherein the gas turbine 11, the generator 13, the waste heat boiler 17, and the steam turbine 12 together form a circulation system, the air compressor 14 and the gas compressor are driven by the gas turbine 11 or the steam turbine to rotate, and the pipeline 18 delivers steam from the waste heat boiler 17 to the steam turbine 12.
The working principle of the power station is that the air compressor 14 sends air into the combustion chamber 16, and at the same time, fuel gas is sent into the combustion chamber 16 from the fuel gas compressor 15 to be mixed with high-temperature compressed air, and the fuel gas is combusted under constant pressure. The generated high-temperature high-pressure flue gas enters a gas turbine 11 to perform expansion work, a power blade is pushed to rotate at a high speed, the high-temperature exhausted flue gas is recycled and converted into steam through a waste heat boiler 17, and the steam is injected into a steam turbine 12 through a pipeline 18 to generate power.
Because of the advantages of high efficiency, cleanness, water saving, high comprehensive utilization efficiency and the like, the gas-steam combined cycle power generation technology is generally regarded by all countries in the world, particularly, in China, along with the development of the major development strategy in the western part of China, a series of important projects such as 'west gas and east gas transmission' and 'clean coal combustion power generation technology' are successively started, the gas-steam turbine combined cycle power generation technology is stepping into a gold development period, and the application prospect is very wide.
For reasons of saving fuel and reducing power generation cost, the operating efficiency of a power generation unit is receiving more and more attention during the operation of a thermal power station. The operating efficiency can be expressed by the following equation:
operation efficiency = electric power generation output/(fuel calorific value × fuel consumption amount per unit time) (1)
For a gas-steam combined cycle power station, with the increase of the operation time and other reasons, the performance of some equipment will change, thereby affecting the operation efficiency of the whole unit, so that the operation efficiency of the whole unit and the influence degree of the sub-equipment on the operation efficiency need to be quantitatively evaluated on line.
United states patent US 6,529,849 entitled "Method and Apparatus for diagnosing Thermal Efficiency of a Combined cycle Power Plant" granted on 3/4/2003 discloses a Method for diagnosing Thermal Efficiency of a Combined cycle Power Plant, comprising the steps of: utilizing measured values of parameters related to energy output and input of each device and recording each design value; taking the measurement data with higher accuracy as a standard parameter, which is rigid in the optimized state estimation process of the thermal equilibrium; taking measurement data which is not high in measurement accuracy but has a large influence on a diagnosis result as a key parameter; taking a plurality of heat balance calculation data as reference parameters, and comparing the reference parameters with respective reference values to calculate the overall probability of heat balance; adjusting the key parameters to be compatible with the standard parameters, so that the overall deviation degree of the reference parameters is minimum and the heat balance probability is maximum, and therefore the optimized state estimation of the heat balance is completed; comparing the thus determined thermal balance with a thermal balance based on the design value; analyzing the contribution degree of each equipment performance to the thermal efficiency; a device that causes a deterioration in thermal efficiency is determined.
In the method, in order to avoid adverse effects of measurement data with poor accuracy on the thermal efficiency diagnosis result, the optimization state evaluation of the thermal balance is particularly introduced to suppress measurement errors, but as the number of key parameters increases, the calculation amount of the optimization state evaluation of the thermal balance increases nonlinearly, which results in complex and time-consuming calculation process, thus being not favorable for online analysis of the operation efficiency of the system. In addition, the method divides the measurement data into the standard parameters and the key parameters, which needs to be determined by a large number of testing methods, and not all the high measurement precision data is rigid in the thermal equilibrium optimization state estimation process, which further limits the application range of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online analysis method for the operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power station, which has the advantages of simple and clear calculation model, high accuracy and strong real-time performance.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
an on-line analysis method for the operation efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power station, the power station comprises a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a generator, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, a compressor and a pipeline connected between the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler, the compressor is driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating performance parameters according to the measured state parameters, which comprises: combustion chamber efficiency η b And the gas turbine cycle efficiency eta c gt Relative internal efficiency eta of gas turbine r gt Mechanical efficiency eta of gas turbine 1m Absolute internal efficiency eta of gas turbine i gt Efficiency eta of waste heat boiler hr Pipe thermal efficiency eta p Absolute internal efficiency eta of steam turbine i st Mechanical efficiency eta of steam turbine 2m Efficiency eta of the generator g Compressor characteristic coefficient delta and power station thermoelectric ratio sigma;
(2) Calculating the total operating efficiency eta of the plant based on the following equation and the performance parameters determined in step (1) cp gs ：
(3) And (3) analyzing the influence degree of the performance of each sub-device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state according to the performance parameters calculated in the step (1) and the total operation efficiency calculated in the step (2).
Preferably, in the above method for analyzing the operating efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant on line, the gas turbine uses gas as gas and the compressor includes an air compressor, a low pressure gas compressor and a high pressure gas compressor driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, and the compressor characteristic coefficient δ is the sum of the air compressor characteristic coefficient α, the low pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient β and the high pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient γ.
Preferably, in the above-described method for on-line analysis of the operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the step (3) includes the steps of:
(3a) Drawing a system efficiency curve, a heat flow graph and a thermal economic index of the power station according to the performance parameters calculated in the step (1) and the total operation efficiency calculated in the step (2);
(3b) And analyzing the influence degree of the performance of each sub-device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state according to the system efficiency curve, the heat flow graph and the thermal economic index.
The invention also aims to provide an online analysis system for the operation efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power station, which has the advantages of high analysis accuracy and strong real-time performance.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
an on-line analytic system of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the power plant comprising a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a generator, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, a compressor and a pipeline connected between the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler, the compressor being driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, the system comprising:
the field data acquisition unit is used for measuring the state parameters of each sub-device of the power station;
the database server is connected with the field data acquisition unit and is used for storing the state parameters measured by the field data acquisition unit;
and the model operation server is used for calculating the total operation efficiency of the power station and the influence degree of the performance of each branch device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station under the current state according to the state parameters extracted from the database by using the following equations:
wherein eta is cp gs For the total operating efficiency of the power station, η b For combustion chamber efficiency, eta c gt For gas turbine cycle efficiency, η r gt Relative internal efficiency, η, of gas turbine 1m For mechanical efficiency of gas turbines, η i gt For the absolute internal efficiency, η, of the gas turbine hr Efficiency of waste heat boiler, eta p Is the thermal efficiency of the pipeline eta i st For absolute internal efficiency, η, of steam turbines 2m For mechanical efficiency of the steam turbine, eta g Calculating the efficiency of the generator, wherein delta is the characteristic coefficient of the compressor, and sigma is the thermoelectric ratio of the power station according to the state parameters;
a client which receives a command input by a user and outputs a calculation result of the model calculation server;
a network connecting the database, the model operation server and the client together.
Preferably, in the online analysis system for the operating efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the field data acquisition unit is implemented by a distributed control system.
Preferably, in the above-described on-line analysis system for the operating efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the network is a local area network.
Or preferably, in the above-mentioned on-line analysis system of the operation efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the network is a wide area network.
In the invention, the calculation model of the total operation efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power station is based on the analytic equation, so the model is simple and the calculation speed and the calculation accuracy are improved. In addition, the physical significance of the calculation model is clear, and quantitative analysis of various factors influencing the total efficiency is facilitated.
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The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further understood from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical configuration of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an on-line analysis method of the operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an on-line analytic system of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with the aid of the accompanying drawings.
First embodiment
In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the gas-steam combined cycle power plant is constructed as shown in fig. 1, and coal gas is used as the fuel gas. For this purpose, the gas compressor 15 includes a high-pressure gas compressor (not shown) and a low-pressure gas compressor (not shown), which are driven by a gas turbine or a steam turbine together with the air compressor.
In order to monitor the operating conditions of the power station in real time, a large number of sensors are generally installed on each sub-equipment site to acquire equipment state parameters, such as atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric humidity, inlet temperature, inlet pressure, outlet temperature, outlet pressure, working pressure, flow rate, and the like of each sub-equipment. The parameters are sent to a power station control system, and then the power station control system calculates or determines the performance parameters of each sub-device according to a theoretical model or an empirical formula and the parameters are directly collected, and corresponding control actions are made according to the performance parameters.
The inventor of the present invention found through research that performance parameters having substantial influence on the overall operating efficiency of the power plant include gas turbine combustor efficiency, gas turbine cycle efficiency, gas turbine relative internal efficiency, gas turbine mechanical efficiency, gas turbine absolute internal efficiency, exhaust heat boiler efficiency, pipeline thermal efficiency, turbine absolute internal efficiency, turbine mechanical efficiency, generator efficiency, compressor characteristic coefficient, and power plant thermoelectric ratio. Since the methods for calculating or determining these performance parameters are well known to those skilled in the art and relate to engineering practice, they are not described herein in detail, and reference may be made to literature on the power generation principle of the thermal power plant.
More importantly, the inventor of the present invention found through research that the above listed performance parameters have the following analytical relationship with the overall operating efficiency of the gas-steam combined cycle power plant:
wherein eta is cp gs For the total operating efficiency of the power station, η b For combustion chamber efficiency, η c gt For gas turbine cycle efficiency, η r gt Relative internal efficiency, η, of gas turbine 1m For mechanical efficiency of gas turbines, η i gt Is the absolute internal efficiency, eta, of the gas turbine br For waste heat boiler efficiency, η p Is the thermal efficiency of the pipeline eta i st For absolute internal efficiency, η, of steam turbines 2m For mechanical efficiency of the steam turbine, eta g To obtain the generator efficiency, δ is the compressor characteristic coefficient, and σ is the plant thermoelectric ratio.
The specific manner of calculation of the compressor characteristic coefficient δ depends on the specific structure of the power plant. When the gas turbine or the steam turbine only drives the air compressor or the gas compressor, the characteristic coefficient delta of the compressor is the characteristic coefficient of the air compressor or the characteristic coefficient of the gas compressor. When the gas turbine or the steam turbine drives the air compressor and the gas compressor at the same time, the compressor characteristic coefficient delta takes the value of the sum of the characteristic coefficients.
In this embodiment, the compressor includes an air compressor, a high-pressure gas compressor and a low-pressure gas compressor driven by a gas turbine or a steam turbine, so that the compressor characteristic coefficient δ is the sum of the air compressor characteristic coefficient α, the low-pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient β and the high-pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient γ, so that the above equation (1) can be further expressed as:
obviously, while the total operating efficiency of the power plant is calculated according to the above equation (2), the contribution degree of each sub-equipment performance parameter to the total operating efficiency, that is, the influence degree of each sub-equipment on the total operating efficiency, can also be calculated at the same time. On the basis, the aim of optimizing operation, saving energy and reducing consumption can be achieved by focusing on improving the performance of the sub-equipment which has great influence on the total operation efficiency.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an online analysis method based on the above invention.
As shown in fig. 2, in step 21, the status parameters of the respective sub-devices (such as a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a generator, a combustor, a waste heat boiler, a compressor, a pipeline, etc.) collected by the field data collecting device are input.
Then, in step 22, the following performance parameters at a certain time point or time period are calculated or determined according to the input state parameters, wherein the performance parameters include the combustion chamber efficiency of the gas turbine, the cycle efficiency of the gas turbine, the relative internal efficiency of the gas turbine, the mechanical efficiency of the gas turbine, the absolute internal efficiency of the gas turbine, the waste heat boiler efficiency, the pipeline thermal efficiency, the absolute internal efficiency of the steam turbine, the mechanical efficiency of the steam turbine, the generator efficiency, the compressor characteristic coefficient and the thermoelectric ratio of the power station.
Subsequently, in step 23, the overall operating efficiency of the plant is calculated using the performance parameters obtained in step 22 according to the above equation (2) or (2').
Finally, in step 24, the influence degree of the performance of each sub-equipment of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state is analyzed according to the calculation result, and the influence degree is output in the forms of a chart, an efficiency curve, a heat flow graph and the like.
Second embodiment
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an on-line analytic system of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the structure of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant is as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the online analysis system includes a field data acquisition unit 31 for acquiring status parameters of each sub-device in real time, a database 32 for storing the status parameters, a model operation server 33 for analyzing and calculating operation efficiency, a client 34, and a local area network 35, wherein the database 32 is connected to the field data acquisition unit 31, and stores signals (i.e., status parameters of each sub-device) measured by the field data acquisition unit in real time according to a certain rule, and in addition, the database 32, the model operation server 33, and the client 34 are all connected to the local area network 35, thereby realizing communication therebetween.
Monitoring and management of power station operation are generally implemented by a Distributed Control System (DCS). The DSC system is a multi-level structure system which is based on an industrial personal computer and intelligent I/O and is completely modularized, and is generally divided into a field level, a control level, a monitoring level, a management level and the like, and communication networks are used as connecting links among all the layers. The field level processes field signals (temperature, pressure, flow, rotating speed and the like) to complete the field control function. The control level integrates the control and monitoring functions into a whole, is a complete small system, is further combined into a medium-scale and large-scale system, can be composed of an industrial personal computer or an intelligent controller (a PLC intelligent regulator), and realizes programming, optimized calculation and monitoring on signals. The monitoring stage comprehensively manages and supervises the working states of all stages of the system, displays the working times and the action states of all control loops in the modes of animation, graphs, curves, system general configuration and the like, and provides comprehensive various running and supervising information and optimized control algorithms. The management level is mainly connected through a network and used as a workstation in an enterprise integrated management network to form a local area network to share related information for production management and decision.
As can be seen from the above, the signal acquisition function of the field data acquisition unit 31 is actually a subset of the function of the DCS system, so in this embodiment, the field data acquisition unit 31 can be regarded as a functional entity abstracted from the DCS system to implement field signal measurement.
A user can call the model operation server 33 through the client 34 to analyze and calculate the operating efficiency of the power station, and the result of the analysis and calculation is displayed by the client 34 in a text, table or graphic mode; the user may also query and print the history stored in the database 32 via the client 34.
After receiving the analysis calculation command input by the user through the client 34, the model operation server 33 extracts the required state parameters from the database 32 by using the database engine, and performs analysis calculation by using the equation (2) or (2') to obtain the total operation efficiency of the power station and the influence degree of the performance of each branch device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state.
In the present embodiment, the database 32, the model calculation server 33, and the client 34 are connected together via a local area network 35, but may be connected via a wide area network.
Claims (7)
1. An on-line analysis method for the operation efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power station, the power station comprises a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a generator, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, a compressor and a pipeline connected between the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler, the compressor is driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Root of herbaceous plantCalculating performance parameters from the measured state parameters, including: combustion chamber efficiency η b And the gas turbine cycle efficiency eta c gt Relative internal efficiency eta of gas turbine r gt Mechanical efficiency eta of gas turbine 1m Absolute internal efficiency eta of gas turbine i gt Efficiency eta of waste heat boiler hr Heat efficiency eta of pipeline p Absolute internal efficiency eta of steam turbine i st Mechanical efficiency eta of steam turbine 2m Efficiency eta of the generator g Compressor characteristic coefficient delta and station thermoelectric ratio sigma;
(2) Calculating the total operating efficiency eta of the plant based on the following equation and the performance parameters determined in step (1) cp gs ：
(3) And (3) analyzing the influence degree of the performance of each sub-device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state according to the performance parameters calculated in the step (1) and the total operation efficiency calculated in the step (2).
2. The method for on-line interpretation of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant according to claim 1, wherein the gas turbine uses gas as fuel gas and the compressor comprises an air compressor, a low pressure gas compressor and a high pressure gas compressor driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, and the compressor characteristic coefficient δ is the sum of an air compressor characteristic coefficient α, a low pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient β and a high pressure gas compressor characteristic coefficient γ.
3. The on-line interpretation of the operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the step (3) comprises the steps of:
(3a) Drawing a system efficiency curve and a heat flow diagram of the power station according to the performance parameters calculated in the step (1) and the total operation efficiency calculated in the step (2);
(3b) And analyzing the influence degree of the performance of each sub-device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station in the current state according to the system efficiency curve and the heat flow diagram.
4. An on-line analysis system for the operation efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power station, the power station comprises a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a generator, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, a compressor and a pipeline connected between the steam turbine and the waste heat boiler, the compressor is driven by the gas turbine or the steam turbine, and the system is characterized by comprising:
the field data acquisition unit is used for measuring the state parameters of each sub-device of the power station;
the database is connected with the field data acquisition unit and is used for storing the state parameters measured by the field data acquisition unit;
and the model operation server calculates the total operation efficiency of the power station and the influence degree of the performance of each branch device of the power station on the total operation efficiency of the power station under the current state by using the following equations according to the state parameters extracted from the database:
wherein eta is cp gs For the total operating efficiency of the power station, η b For combustion chamber efficiency, η c gt For gas turbine cycle efficiency, η r gt Relative internal efficiency, η, of gas turbine 1m For mechanical efficiency of gas turbines, η i gt For the absolute internal efficiency, η, of the gas turbine hr For waste heat boiler efficiency, η p Is the thermal efficiency of the pipeline eta i st For absolute internal efficiency, η, of steam turbines 2m For mechanical efficiency of the steam turbine, eta g Calculating the efficiency of the generator, wherein delta is the characteristic coefficient of the compressor, and sigma is the thermoelectric ratio of the power station according to the state parameters;
a client which receives a command input by a user and outputs a calculation result of the model calculation server;
a network connecting the database, the model operation server and the client together.
5. The on-line analytic system of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant of claim 4, wherein the field data acquisition unit is implemented by a distributed control system.
6. The on-line analytic system of the operating efficiency of gas-steam combined cycle power plants of claim 4 or 5, wherein the network is a local area network.
7. The on-line analytic system of operating efficiency of a gas-steam combined cycle power plant of claim 4 or 5, wherein the network is a wide area network.
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| US6003298A (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-12-21 | General Electric Company | Steam driven variable speed booster compressor for gas turbine |
| US6212873B1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2001-04-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combined cycle |
| CN1295183A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2001-05-16 | 刘金郎 | Combined electric generator with cascade coal gas and hydrocarbon oil gas turbines and steam turbine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5367470A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1994-11-22 | Exergetics Systems, Inc. | Method for fuel flow determination and improving thermal efficiency in a fossil-fired power plant |
| CN1072764A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-02 | 沈钧昌 | " combined cycle " energy saving retrofit technology of middle-size and small-size power plant (or unit) |
| CN1167525A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1997-12-10 | 瓦西拉柴油机股份有限公司 | Method of operating combined cycle power plant |
| US6003298A (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-12-21 | General Electric Company | Steam driven variable speed booster compressor for gas turbine |
| US6212873B1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2001-04-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combined cycle |
| CN1295183A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2001-05-16 | 刘金郎 | Combined electric generator with cascade coal gas and hydrocarbon oil gas turbines and steam turbine |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102645348A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 北京三博中自科技有限公司 | Steam turbine driven energy efficiency monitoring system of fluid conveying device |
| CN102799161A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Performance index correcting and comparing method and regulation control system of combined cycle generating unit |
| CN102799161B (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-11-05 | 浙江大学 | Performance index correcting and comparing method of combined cycle generating unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1704572A (en) | 2005-12-07 |
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