CN100336915C - One and half step melting deacidizing iron-smelting method - Google Patents
One and half step melting deacidizing iron-smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100336915C CN100336915C CNB200410023995XA CN200410023995A CN100336915C CN 100336915 C CN100336915 C CN 100336915C CN B200410023995X A CNB200410023995X A CN B200410023995XA CN 200410023995 A CN200410023995 A CN 200410023995A CN 100336915 C CN100336915 C CN 100336915C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a one and half step fusion reduction iron making method which is a combination and an improvement on an original one-step method and a two step method of iron making by fusion and reduction. A preheating zone (1), a solid reduction zone (2) and a fusion separation zone (3) which is connected behind the solid reduction zone (2) are designed in the same hearth, furnace materials are preheated and are prereduced in the solid reduction zone (2), hot air is blown to the lower part of a furnace bed (4), and high temperature coal gas from the fusion separation zone (3) is secondarily burnt in the solid reduction zone (2), and provides a part of heat energy for the zone to enhance heat energy utilization rate. The furnace materials almost fused are prereduced in the solid reduction zone (2), and directly enter the fusion separation zone (3), and the furnace materials are further reduced, carburized and melted, and slag and iron are separated. Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of high heat efficiency, energy saving, no pollution, low cost, good product quality, simple production process, easy control, simple equipment, small investment, high production efficiency, etc.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the method for controlling a kind of non-molten blast furnace reduction iron production in the golden production field, specifically a kind of melting reduction iron-smelting method of " single stage method ", " two step method " being produced molten iron in conjunction with also improved carbon containing iron agglomerate.
Two, background technology
Blast furnace remains the main force that smelts iron in the metallurgy industry at present.But because blast furnace process is long, capital cost is high, equipment is complicated, energy consumption is high, envrionment conditions is poor, under market energy shortage, increasingly competitive situation, people's sight has to turn to exploitation new iron-smelting process and ironmaking equipment.
Not having burnt low the pollution is the target of ironmaking novel process.New in the world smelting reduction process is divided into two types basically: a kind of is the step smelting reduction process that is called that directly uses fine ore and mill coal smelting, also claims iron-bath process.The AusIron method of representative method such as Muscovite Romelt, the exploitation of Australian Ausmelt company, the prereduction rate is 0.Another kind method is the two step smelting reduction process that are called that have prereduction, also claims siege method or reducing and smelting method.Representative method such as COREX method.
The difficult point of single stage method melting and reducing is that liquid iron oxide compound and carbon reaction are thermo-negative reaction, keep the liquid state of ferriferous oxide, needs very high temperature.Generally the temperature of fusion by metal that melting and reducing generates exceeds about 200 ℃～400 ℃ than liquid iron oxide compound.This technology preferentially melts ferric oxide in design, rather than reducing iron oxides.Just because of the thermo-negative reaction feature of this reason and melting and reducing, the metal and the slag of generation solidify easily, and this problem has been brought trouble to technology.In addition, also there is refractory consumption rate worn-out end high and with short production cycle in the single stage method melting and reducing, and a large amount of CO gas utilizations that produce also need to cause enough attention.
The two step method melting and reducing is earlier ferriferous oxide to be carried out prereduction, then the prereduction thing is sent into the molten stove that divides again and carried out the separation of slag iron, so it is the reduction reaction based on indirect reduction.Two step method melting and reducing or will the furnace charge after the prereduction deliver to the molten stove that divides again after the cooling; The coal gas that maybe will melt the generation of branch stove carries out prereduction by furnace charge simply, and process all produces a large amount of heat-energy losses.Therefore, though two step method melting and reducing difficulty is less, carbon consumption is higher.The prereduction rate of typical two step smelting reduction process COREX methods reaches 90%, and with the blast furnace ratio, it relies on indirect reduction more.Though large scale investment industrial production does not need sintering and coke, coal consumption and oxygen consumption are all higher, reach 1.1t and 500m respectively, comprise that the investment of oxygen generating plant is huge, and production cost is near blast furnace, and is only lower slightly
Three, summary of the invention
Problem at single stage method and two step method existence, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new carbon containing ferriferous oxide melting reduction iron-smelting method, it had both had the fireballing characteristics of direct reduction reactor of single stage method melting and reducing iron, had the high characteristics of two step method melting and reducing prereduction rate again.
The present invention directly sends the high temperature furnace charge after preheating, prereduction into the molten stove that divides, rather than melts branch again after the cooling.Simultaneously, the coal gas of high temperature that melts the generation of branch stove neither be carried out prereduction by the furnace charge layer simply, and not make full use of high temperature coal entrained physics heat and chemical energy.The present invention is with the preheating zone on the siege, solid state reduction district and be connected thereafter molten zoning design in same burner hearth, the coal gas of high temperature that molten subregion produces carries out secondary combustion on the spot in the solid state reduction district, release physical heat and chemical energy enter when melting subregion near melted state furnace charge from the solid state reduction district.Therefore, end and molten sectional upper strata charging status in the solid state reduction district are close, do not have significantly boundary between two steps, and are different from the direct reduction of single stage method again, so also can be described as the melting reduction iron-smelting method in " step half ".
The technical scheme that the present invention takes: on the basis of former single stage method, two step method melting reduction iron-smelting method, with the two in conjunction with and improve, it is characterized in that preheating zone, the solid state reduction district on the siege and be connected thereafter molten zoning design in same burner hearth, siege can adopt various moving-beds; To carry out prereduction in the solid state reduction district through the furnace charge after the preheating of preheating zone, and at first utilize the coal gas of high temperature that contains a large amount of CO that melts the subregion generation to carry out secondary combustion and come preheating, roaster mix, furnace charge is reached near melted state; The furnace charge that then connects fusing nearly directly enters the melting area, further reduces-carburizing at molten subregion---fusing, and slag iron is separated.
Technological process of the present invention is: carbonaceous reducing agent (coal, coke and refinery coke etc.) is with after oxides-containing iron (iron ore, blast-furnace dust, steel-making ash, electric furnace ash and mill scale etc.) mixes by a certain percentage, form the carbon containing ferriferous oxide charge of briquettews, furnace charge is through delivering on the siege after the super-dry.During device start, utilize ignition tip igniting (after the ordinary production, ignition tip can) sometimes.Furnace charge enters the solid state reduction district after the preheating of siege preheating zone, igniting.Hot blast is sent in the bottom in solid state reduction district, makes the heat zone on the siege extend (above-mentioned igniting, the ignition mode that is similar to moving bed boiler) downwards.The top of furnace charge has from the molten sectional coal gas of high temperature that contains a large amount of CO carries out secondary combustion in the solid state reduction district, and for the solid state reduction district provides a part of heat energy, this also is the part of comprehensive utilization of energy.The temperature in solid state reduction district generally is controlled at 1200 ℃～1300 ℃, and furnace charge is carried out roasting.And at approaching molten sectional position, temperature should reach about 1350 ℃, makes furnace charge near melted state, and the prereduction rate can reach more than 90%.To directly enter molten subregion near the furnace charge of fusing again, further reduce---carburizing---fusing in the melting area, and slag iron is separated, and constantly to molten subregion adding fuel, flux.
The fusing point of pure iron is 1539 ℃, and it is necessary reducing fusing point by fusion carbon, and therefore, the starting point of furnace charge fusing is to be determined by the residual carbon in the solid state reduction iron particle basically.In the fusing starting point, because by the carburizing of such carbon residue and CO gas, the fusing point of this reduced iron particle reduces, thereby reduced iron melts rapidly.In order to guarantee this quick fusing, also need in molten subregion, keep enough carbon, be beneficial to carburizing, reduce its fusing point, and cause quick fusing.Add coal in melting subregion, provide reductive agent for further directly reducing on the one hand, acting as a fuel simultaneously provides energy for direct reduction separates with slag iron.Further reduce---carburizing---fusing in the melting area, finish slag iron and separate.
Molten sectional fuel can be lump coal or coal injection, coke powder, also can be oil or Sweet natural gas.When molten sectional fuel adopted coal dust, coke powder or oil, Sweet natural gas, replenishing coal in the molten subregion can add or not add in right amount less.
The present invention will melt subregion and preheating zone, solid state reduction district design in same burner hearth, the melting area is directly reduced the coal gas of high temperature that contains a large amount of CO, H etc. that produces and can directly be entered the solid state reduction district, with molten sectional joint portion combustion-supporting burner is set in the solid state reduction district, make coal gas of high temperature carry out secondary combustion, for the solid state reduction district increases partial heat energy.
Sulphur in the metallic iron in order to obtain the low metallic iron of sulphur content, can mix CaO (lime or Wingdale etc.) mainly from iron ore and coal, coke and refinery coke etc. in carbon containing ferri-fluoride raw material, total alkalescence (CO/SiO
2Ratio) value is 0.6-1.8, the S content of the metallic iron that obtains at last can reduce to 0.10 or below.
The present invention has following several big characteristics:
1, advantage of the present invention is not have burnt, the low pollution, and can reduce energy consumption significantly, and the thermo-efficiency height effectively reduces production costs.
2, the better products quality is arranged.After taking measures to reduce S content, can reach blast-melted quality.
3, controlling of production process ratio of the present invention is easier to, and the prereduction rate is not had strict requirement.
4, equipment is simple, less investment, and the construction period is short.
5, adopt the inventive method, the production efficiency height, siege floorage productivity can reach 300Kg/m
2More than the h.
Four, description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Five, specific implementation method
Accompanying drawing is one embodiment of the present of invention.
As shown in the figure, the preheating zone 1 on the siege 4, solid state reduction district 2 and be connected thereafter molten subregion 3 design in same burner hearth.Siege 4 can adopt various moving-beds.Carbonaceous reducing agent (coal, coke and refinery coke etc.) is with after oxides-containing iron (iron ore, blast-furnace dust, oil refining steel ash, electric furnace ash and mill scale etc.) mixes by a certain percentage, form carbon containing ferriferous oxide-furnace charge, furnace charge is delivered on the siege 4 through (can directly) after the super-dry, furnace charge under the effect of siege 4 backward (being the melting area direction) move.Furnace charge bed thickness on the siege 4 is at 100mm～300mm, even thicker.During device start, with ignition tip 5, the igniting of vacuum fan 6 exhausting.After the ordinary production, sometimes can be without ignition tip 5, vacuum fan 6 divides high-temperature flue gas to extract out furnace interior.Furnace charge 1 is preheated in the preheating zone, carbon raw material wherein lighted (when adopting the carbon raw material of low ignition point, vacuum fan 6 can, only depend on chimney arch to realize).Furnace charge is along with siege 4 moves to solid state reduction district 2, furnace charge at this by high-temperature roasting.The fire grate plate is equipped with in siege 4 bottoms, blasts temperature from siege 4 bottoms and be 300 ℃～600 ℃ hot blast.2 are provided with combustion-supporting burner 9 with the joint portion of molten subregion 3 in the solid state reduction district, from melting the coal gas of high temperature that subregion 3 is come, after combustion-supporting burner 9 igniting, 2 discharge its physics heat and chemical energy that carries in the solid state reduction district, and blast combustion air by secondary combustion blower fan 10, air port 11, make coal gas fully burn (when adopting blower fan 7 to blast the hot blast of excessive preheating when combustion-supporting, secondary combustion air system can).The temperature in solid state reduction district 2 generally is controlled at 1200 ℃～1300 ℃, and near the position of melting subregion 3, temperature reaches about 1350 ℃, makes furnace charge near melted state.In order to make full use of waste heat, improve thermo-efficiency, save energy can be provided with interchanger 17 in 1 flue gas discharge opening place in the preheating zone, and the hot blast that siege 4 bottoms blast also can be to blast hot blast through interchanger 17 preheatings by blower fan 7.
Furnace charge directly enters melting area 3 through solid state reduction district 2.Be to satisfy the needs of further reduction---carburizing---fusing and desulfurization, 3 feeding devices 14 etc. that are provided with flux storehouse 12, coal bunker 13 and molten subregion 3 in the melting area, the coal in the flux in the flux storehouse 12, the coal bunker 13 adds molten subregion 3 through feeding device 14.Be furnished with the coal seam in the bottom of molten subregion 3, the coal in the coal seam is generally particulate coal, and the furnace charge of approaching fusing replenishes particulate coal after entering in the molten subregion 3 at any time.When the fuel of molten subregion 3 adopts coal dust, coke powder spray combustion or adopts oil, Sweet natural gas, can add or not add particulate coal less.Simultaneously, blower fan 8 blasts air in molten subregion 3, makes the fuel combustion in the molten subregion 3, and---carburizing---melts to quicken the reduction of furnace charge.The air that blasts molten subregion 3 can be the oxygen-rich air of oxygen level 〉=30%.Furnace charge in the melting area 3 is through reduction---carburizing---fusing, and iron and slag that slag iron separation back generates are discharged from iron notch 15, slag notch 16 respectively.
As from the foregoing, the present invention has thermal efficiency height, energy savings, pollution-free, and cost is low, and preferably product quality is arranged, Production technology is easy, and is easy to control, and equipment is simple, small investment, the production efficiency high.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of carbonaceous reducing agent is with after oxides-containing iron mixes by a certain percentage, form the carbon containing ferriferous oxide---furnace charge, deliver to siege (4) and go up through preheating, prereduction, the molten melting reduction iron-smelting method that divides the carbon containing iron agglomerate that is reduced into iron to produce molten iron, it is characterized in that: the preheating zone (1) on the siege (4), solid state reduction district (2) and the molten subregion (3) that is connected thereafter design in same burner hearth, and siege (4) adopts various moving-beds; To carry out prereduction in solid state reduction district (2) through the furnace charge after the preheating of preheating zone (1), and at first utilize the coal gas of high temperature that contains a large amount of CO that melts subregion (3) generation to carry out secondary combustion and come preheating, roaster mix, furnace charge is reached near melted state, then will directly enter melting area (3) near the furnace charge of melted state, (3) further reduction---carburizing---fusing in the melting area, and slag iron is separated.
2, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: technological process: carbonaceous reducing agent is with after oxides-containing iron mixes by a certain percentage, form the carbon containing ferriferous oxide charge of briquettews, furnace charge is through delivering to after the super-dry on the siege (4), during device start, utilize ignition tip (5) igniting, furnace charge enters solid state reduction district (2) after siege (4) preheating zone (1) preheating, igniting; Hot blast is sent in the bottom in solid state reduction district (2), heat zone on the siege (4) is extended downwards, the top of furnace charge has the coal gas of high temperature that contains a large amount of CO from molten subregion (3) to advance to blow secondary combustion in solid state reduction district (2), for solid state reduction district (2) provide a part of heat energy; The temperature in solid state reduction district (2) generally is controlled at 1200 ℃～1300 ℃, and furnace charge is carried out roasting, and at the position near molten subregion (2), temperature should reach about 1350 ℃, makes furnace charge near melted state; To directly enter molten subregion (3) near the furnace charge of fusing again, and in further reduction---carburizing---fusing of molten subregion (3), and slag iron be separated, and constantly add fuel, flux to molten subregion (3).
3, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: the joint portion in solid state reduction district (2) and melting area (3) is provided with combustion-supporting burner (9), makes coal gas of high temperature carry out secondary combustion.
4, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: the fuel of molten subregion (3) is lump coal or coal injection, coke powder or oil or Sweet natural gas.
5, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: the fire grate plate is equipped with in siege (4) bottom, blasts temperature from siege (4) bottom and be 300 ℃～600 ℃ hot blast.
6, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, and it is characterized in that: (1) flue gas discharge opening place is provided with interchanger (17) in the preheating zone; The hot blast that siege (4) bottom blasts is to blast hot blast through interchanger (17) preheating by blower fan (7).
7, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: melting the feeding device (14) that subregion (3) is provided with flux storehouse (12), coal bunker (13) and molten subregion (3), the coal in the flux in flux storehouse (12), the coal bunker (13) adds molten subregion (3) through feeding device (14).
8, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, it is characterized in that: the furnace charge bed thickness on the siege (4) is more than 100mm～300mm reaches.
9, carbon containing iron agglomerate according to claim 1 and 2 is produced the melting reduction iron-smelting method of molten iron, and it is characterized in that: the air that blasts molten subregion (3) is the oxygen-rich air of oxygen level 〉=30%.
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| CNB200410023995XA CN100336915C (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2004-05-12 | One and half step melting deacidizing iron-smelting method |
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| CN100336915C true CN100336915C (en) | 2007-09-12 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
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| CN101650122B (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2012-09-05 | 李柏荣 | Novel multifunctional roasting reaction device |
| CN102409124A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-04-11 | 李振洪 | Continuous iron-making device by smelting reduction |
| CN102634654A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-15 | 陈小林 | Method for producing metallized pellets by using composite carbon-containing pellets and chain belt type roasting machine |
| CN103667564B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2016-06-01 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Prepare the method for metal simple-substance |
| WO2017024535A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Melting separation furnace and method for treating material to be melted and separated with same |
| WO2017024537A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Melting separation furnace and method for treating material to be melted and separated with same |
| CN110317916A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Tailings reduction furnace |
| CN111440913A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-24 | 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 | Method for starting molten iron filling of smelting reduction furnace |
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| WO1999060172A1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-25 | Sherwood William L | Continous metal melting process and apparatus |
| WO2000022176A1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-20 | Technological Resources Pty Ltd | A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys |
| WO2003020988A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Production method of metal iron |
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2004
- 2004-05-12 CN CNB200410023995XA patent/CN100336915C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999060172A1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-25 | Sherwood William L | Continous metal melting process and apparatus |
| WO2000022176A1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-20 | Technological Resources Pty Ltd | A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys |
| WO2003020988A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Production method of metal iron |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 熔融还原技术最新进展 刘日新，许志宏，矿质，第6卷第2期 1997 * |
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