CN1003210B - Soybean peeling system - Google Patents

Abstract

A shelling method for bean-like crops, especially for soya beans, the said crops are heated to a predetermined temperature right through to their centres and subjected to a hot stream of gas. Even before treatment in the hot stream of gas, heating is carried out by means of contact heat resulting from contact with hot surfaces(34). Then the(residual)shells are separated. To implement this method, a preheating device(32)comprising a number of hot surfaces is inserted upstream of a fluidized bed(1), over the hot surfaces(34)of which preheating device(32)the crops can be guided.

Description

Peeling method of legume crop and equipment thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of peeling method of beans, specifically be used for the decortication of soybean, it comprises and beans is heated to predetermined temperature until the complete heat penetration in inside of shell, and then by a thermal current, so as to skin of beancurd and beans disengaging.

Said method proposed in 580, No. 933 patents at FR-A-1.Certainly in beans, particularly the component of some in soybean need at first be got rid of, and is edible because these components are unsuitable for doing nutriment.For soybean, the most important thing is the problem of some enzyme element, especially antitrypsin or lipoxidase.Although do not need in the decortication process of beans and cocoa bean, simultaneously those harmful materials are removed processing.Soybean is as people's food, and always just edible through boiling, so wherein contained harmful enzyme element has just destroyed.As for cocoa bean, all be to add to transfer ignorant spices to handle usually, obtain levelling so as to making its fragrant hiding.So the heat treated that the decortication of being mentioned before this that is used for this class beans is carried out all only is the surface of heating beans, this is enough for skin of beancurd is come from the beans disengaging.This formulation can be at DE-C-2, and 354,617 and EP-C-52, can find in 218 patent documents such as grade.And in these cases, often adopt the thermal current heating.Though the heating beans the surface with the inside and outside heat penetration of beans is compared, necessary energy is smaller, generally speaking consumption of heat energy is sizable.In addition, also need at first wetting beans, as in the in the end a patent specification only mention.Certainly this will comprise extra equipment and operating cost.

According to FR-A-1,388,511 specifications, it is known to adopt the radio-frequency field heating to become for cocoa bean, and before high-frequency heating or in its while, beans is passed through thermal current.This specification has carried out clearly explanation to the effect of this processing; That is exactly to utilize the moisture content remain in the seed shell that skin of beancurd is blown off, and it is to burst out from beans by the superfine little crack that forms in the seed shell moisture content with vaporize.Have been found that this method is not suitable for the processing cocoa bean as a rule, because for this elaborate product, the levelling problem of its fragrance relies on various processing methods to decide fully.For example, the chocolate of bitter taste just is difficult to processing in this way.But then situation is different fully for soybean (or similar beans).If but the moisture content vaporize of grain shell inside, then can be to a kind of destruction of the plain generation of enzyme, so to this class beans or even useful.Really, everybody has generally acknowledged the method for introducing in No. 1,388,511, the French Patent (FRP), and its cost is the comparison costliness.At first, it need expend the thermal current heating that a large amount of heat energy is used for beans, then, radio-frequency field equipment also will bring very high cost, (its thermal efficiency is very low comprising the cost of energy consumption and equipment, if radio-frequency field produces in fluid bed, what will heat therein is not only beans itself).In addition, necessary equipment reflects that this equipment is also not very successful in the preliminary operating process when being used for large quantities of beans processing.

By above-mentioned description to prior art as can be seen, although carried out repeatedly attempting, existing problem is not still solved satisfactorily.So, the objective of the invention is to improve processing method, as in described the sort of pattern at the beginning, although also will utilize the trace water in the beans that skin of beancurd is done pine, this has adopted cost-effective method to realize.

The present invention has been issued to its intended purposes in the condition that obtains surprising benefit, with the heating steps of beans heat penetration is before handling by thermal current, made beans by with the contacted heating that contacts of the area of heating surface, make at least beans obtain the part heating.In a sense, this heating means are just in time opposite with the method that the last FR-A-1388511 patent documentation of mentioning in front is adopted, and this method has also been avoided use radio-frequency field heating.In fact, the contact heating is with beans and the contacted method of hot surface, is the effect of directly transmitting heat, and the heat that this method provided only is the heat that beans absorbed.In this case, the heat that is lost in any known heating means can be avoided to a great extent.Should not form false impression to this now, promptly imagination can dispense thermal current heating process eventually entirely.Therefore, in this case, when adopting hot surface contact heating, the strongest in the heat conduction of the outmost surface layer of beans.Like this, final result is that temperature on the beans surface will be higher than a shell inside.So, if plan only beans to be heated to desired temperature, so then the temperature on beans surface to be heated to higher degree inevitably with the contact heating, this will make crust excessively dry, finally the danger that crust is burnt.And can cause superficial layer to burn, and produce undesirable spoiled.In contrast, as adopt two-step process of the present invention, can select heating condition at an easy rate, with the beans heat penetration and reach predetermined heating-up temperature, can also avoid producing undesirable spoiled phenomenon fully.So, in second when step that final processing is only handled in thermal current, realize, when carrying out this processing, characteristic and quantity according to beans are handled, make beans remain on heated condition (heat energy preferably is not provided in addition) a period of time, so that time enough is provided for the vaporize of moisture content contained in the beans, work may have certain benefit like this.But, in such a period of time, preferably beans is placed in the isolation cabin of a casing or similar device, but the time should be not oversize, because if oversize then have make heat produce the danger of loss, and, vaporize process itself is general only to need short time, so, preferably this time period was adjusted in 20 minutes, specifically can be at 15 minutes with interior as 10 minutes.

Certainly, beans can be imported on the area of heating surface of vibration continuously, through the area of heating surface time, beans rolls along the surface.But when all surfaces of beans contact fully with hot surface and other warmed-up surface,, then can obtain the higher thermal efficiency so that when the surface of beans is heated.For example, can adopt a rotary drum, wherein partial volume dress is with hot sand, all is enclosed among the hot sand so as to each surface that makes beans.But, so just need a last separating step, so that beans and sand are separated.So, specifically, if it is one is continuous, the cavity structure that intensive especially beans stream forms by an area of heating surface, as this structure of tubular structure, in all its bearings beans is surrounded, in cylindrical shell, produce the heating region of a part, in this zone, can beans be heated to desired temperature with low-down heat loss.In addition, it must be circular cross-section that " drum surface " this term should not be construed as, because cylindrical shell can be made by desired any cross sectional shape.

Certainly, on the cross section of whole grain shell, can produce certain thermograde from the outside to the core, when beans was heated in the tubular hot surface, particularly when large quantities of beans will be handled, then beans stream had bigger sectional area.So that after the beans contact cylindrical surface, thermograde is eliminated, beans is being heated when heating that cylindrical shell carries out special improvement through being made of in the improved cavity the above-mentioned area of heating surface and the area of heating surface that adds.For example, can think like this, in this device, adopt a heater rod or the plane to stretch to the inside of cavity hot surface, but also can consider " buoyancy body " that one of positioned inside at the cavity hot surface has heated, and be surrounded by cavity.This " buoyancy body " can be supported in the spoke shape of several radial arrangement among the beans stream.But, to explain that as following rational structure should comprise: a casing; Wherein be provided with the inside that the surface that will heat is horizontally through casing, structural similarity with the beans drier, because heat is evenly distributed in whole adding on the hot cross-section easily, on the other hand, the firing equipment stability in use is guaranteed, this is because laterally the area of heating surface can make construction weight alleviate as a kind of reinforcement.

As mentioned above, the significance of two step heat treated indicates.The treatment step of contact heat can heat beans, and on the other hand, undesirable spoiled phenomenon can be avoided as far as possible.So, if in the contact heat treated at the end with beans, even the temperature of beans reaches 60% of the temperature that at the end will reach in subsequent treatment at least, before last decortication step, preferably make the heating-up temperature of beans be lower than 100% final temperature, specifically, should be heated to 70% final temperature at least is good.In the practice, in being heated to 75% to 85% scope, be only.

Heating means of the present invention are compared with utilizing the vibration surface heating, can realize degree of depth heating effect, this effect of depth will cause the effect of the harmful enzyme element of an even more important removal, and it is long more then big more to the effect of removing the enzyme element that the inside in beans forms the time of steam.On the other hand, the long processing time, will be unfavorable to the balance of energy, have now found that, if the longest grasp of time that the step of contact heat treated continues preferably 5 to 25 minutes, particularly remained on 15 to 25 minutes in 30 minutes, during as 20 minutes, then the requirement of each side can obtain satisfying completely.

After contacting heat treatment step, the method for taking thermal current to heat beans can realize the saving of energy.Particularly according to a kind of through especially effective improvement project, the periodic Control that is air-flow heating is in 2 minutes, and 1 minute with interior better, particularly 30 to 40 seconds with interior as 40 seconds are best, like this, then the processing time only is the sub-fraction in known required processing time of the whole bag of tricks.

Realize that the MIN equipment of processing method of the present invention comprises that at least a fluid bed is used for handling beans and having one at least at the dejacketer that later on beans is applied mechanical force through above-mentioned fluidized bed processing at thermal current.This device does not resemble and adopts this step in the prior art at the very start, but all these kind equipments all are provided with for the impact surface processing in prior art.But, have been found that for realizing that processing procedure of the present invention only adopts a kind of like this equipment just to meet the demands at an easy rate, promptly have among the preheating device that before the fluid bed beans is produced each area of heating surface of a guide functions inserts the loop of heating system.This preheating device preferably can satisfy following requirement: it comprises that a closed box structure is used for beans is play the guiding role, beans passes through under the gravity effect, this structure extends to the best with vertical direction, body structure should comprise each surface to be heated, so just constitute a known general device that is equivalent to actually as various heat treated and other purposes, so do not need special structure.Therefore, it is not that but this equipment needs the special construction duct type or pit type, a kind of pattern in back is more better, because in the case, the transmission of beans can be carried out under the gravity effect fully, can save expensive conveyer, test shows, also has another favourable effect, because when beans during by a kind of like this pit type device, on the surface of beans, produce mechanical friction, the effect that this will further impel skin of beancurd and beans to unclamp, and find to have approximately 50% skin of beancurd to split to a great extent unexpectedly in this device exit.

In fact as same beans drier certainly, this is specific situation, the surface of the heating of stretching to its inside preferably is horizontally through casing when body structure comprises, this body structure.Wherein the setting on each surface not only will make heat energy enough evenly distribute, and impels the outer surface of itself and beans to produce further CONTACT WITH FRICTION, so that cause the cracking of skin of beancurd.

Mention above, in general, rotate the heating that contacts that drum barrel also can make its area of heating surface and beans.Usually these two kinds of different heaters are all using, and wherein a kind of drum baking oven of form is used for the heating of coffee and cocoa bean, and its outer surface is that the flame with naked light heats.Owing to adopt this naked light heating, will have the danger of hot-spot, well-known, however any situation all requirement can only not allow the beans decortication burned it.In the oven dry of the short macaroni that is used for macaroni industry, use the baking of another drum, wherein the product that will dry is packed into and is sent in the baking oven in a kind of cylinder of squirrel-cage, and wind passes the tank wall surface, and tank wall is to be made by screen cloth usually.Thereby, the problem of convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection has appearred again, and it is different from the contact heating, and on the other hand, for reaching certain depth effect, its energy consumption will be sizable.Based on this reason, if comprising a jacket, preheating device cuts body (hot water, preferably steam) so that beans is carried out indirect in order to the circular flow body heat, this heating has very outstanding advantage.

From below in conjunction with the description of accompanying drawing to embodiment, its detail will come into plain view, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of peeler of the present invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates a structural detail that constitutes optimization process equipment, is used to represent the usefulness of the contact heating of this equipment;

Fig. 3 is as the just explanation for example of an embodiment.

According to Deutsche Bundespatent 2,354, this designed class beans peeler of various modifications that No. 617 or European patent wait file to mention 68, No. 221 or 52, No. 218 can be thought all to be suitable for.

Illustrate, a kind of fluid unit 1 now is provided; It comprises that a mechanical assistance feeder is used for determining time of staying accurately, also mentioned as a chain delivery device 2 that has the scraping plate mechanism 3 of several projections in 68, No. 221 files of European patent.And advantageously in the air duct of fluid bed, be provided with a pulsation blade 4(who rotates continuously should pulse blade also can be installed in the feed channel be installed in the passing away, as shown in the figure with replacement).The favourable turbulent flow that this pulsation blade 4 can produce the periodic obstruct of air stream by it, a filter screen table top 5 of fluid unit 1 produces vibration simultaneously with the steam of slightly pulsation, to strengthen fluidisation.Fluid unit 1 comprises that the pocket type gate 6 of a rotation is positioned at its import department.Feeding limit at air stream has an air regulator 8 to be placed in the back of an air blast 7, and mounting means determines that according to the characteristics of itself air regulator 8 is specifically designed to the air heat that will pass through here and arrives at least 120 ℃, preferably 150 ℃ or higher.In known equipment, the oscillatory type that this heating process only needs beans to be carried out the surface is heated to higher temperature and is about in 220 ℃, and for requirement of the present invention, in fact, if the temperature of air remains between 130 ℃ to 170 ℃, also can satisfy.Its reason will be described below.

In general, the air of fluid bed 1 is entered by picogram dragon 10 by air blast 9, separates by picogram dragon 10 because contain a large amount of skin of beancurd in air-flow.The air of being discharged by picogram dragon 10 is fit to send air blast 7 back to by pipeline 11 once more, in this case, and in general, air blast 9 can not wanted, but in an embodiment, a valve 12 is arranged as shown in FIG., when needing, can be used for air is discharged along the direction of arrow 13.But, should be pointed out that this valve 12 can be installed in any position in the pipeline as required, the usefulness as the discharge of part air circulates another part air.A similar valve 14 is arranged in the pipeline 11, adjusts the fresh air that should add as required and flows into along the direction of arrow 15.By the beans that fluid bed 1 is discharged, wherein a part is peeled, and the shell skin of another part beans is loose, in any case all become fragile under baking condition.Afterwards, beans is sent into next step 17 by screw spreader 16; The beans shell skin that will become fragile therein applies with mechanical force, is in when heating elastic stage so that take advantage of beans, and beans shell skin is peeled off.Step 17 can be thought the equipment that the first step is milled, and according to European patent 52, No. 218 file is mentioned, beans is milled in advance the bean cotyledon and the fragment of state of rupture, in the case, nature is peeled off crisp beans shell skin, but the elasticity of beans can not be used to make the remaining shell skin that still is bonded on the beans to do loose, so just needing a step and be used for removing the still residual skin of beancurd of major part, is well-adapted from through the beans of milling beans shell skin attached to it being separated more difficult this statement of facts effect of the present invention.

So, in preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, has an impact crusher 18 at least in the decortication step 17, in the case, beans enters the recessed dish 19 of a rotation by a feeding funnel, the beans by this concave crown wheel towards one slightly the impingement wall 20 of gradient outwards throw away.Through after this step, any remaining shell skin all will be peeled off, at this moment, with beans in two, then the mixture of skin of beancurd and beans is sent into another screw spreader 22 by an inclination slide carriage 21.

It is well known that screw spreader 16 and 22 only is giving an example of conveyer, certainly, if necessary, also can use other conveyer.In a word, in this most preferred embodiment, the mixture of beans and the shell skin taken off is admitted to one second fluid bed 101, enter fluid bed 101 by transmitting passage 23, the structural design of fluid bed 101 can be identical with fluid bed 1, but it is better that this conveyer of mechanical assistance conveyer 2(also is only used for fluid bed 1, and inessential setting) be omitted.In fact this equipment of air regulator 108(be equivalent to the used air regulator 8 of fluid bed 1) its structural design only considers whether the air of being supplied with by air blast 107 need increase humidity at this.On the other hand, fluid bed 101 also is used to remove residual skin of beancurd, and the one end is connected with picogram dragon 110.In general, air flow circuit in picogram dragon 110 is corresponding with picogram dragon 10, just have an air blast 109(similar to air blast 9) and a valve 112 as standby (as valve 12), also have the requirement that valve 114 is used to regulate fresh air.At Deutsche Bundespatent 2,354, also openly in No. 617 files carry out the design of second fluid bed 101 as required, it as sorter with fluid bed character.

After screw spreader 22, the mixture of beans and residual skin of beancurd also can transmit passage 24 by one again send into an elutriation device 25.Still contain residual shell skin in the air of discharging by the top of elutriation device 25, need dispose by the effect of picogram dragon 110.But, because can not satisfying the air conditioning of beans, the time that stops requires (promptly adapting to the temperature and humidity under the circumference environment) in elutriation device 25, send in the aircondition 26 after preferably beans being discharged by the lower end of elutriation device 25, aircondition 26 can be made of a horizontal cooling arrangement 27, the adjusting air that enters this device is oppositely sent into by an import 28, perhaps beans is only kept its original temperature, moisture condition, in an air conditioning chamber 29, retain by predetermined time duration, so that its humidity is obtained evenly, and cool off, in the case, also can will regulate air by an air blast 30 sends in the above-mentioned air conditioning chamber 29, by an exhaust outlet 31 air is discharged, the expense of air conditioning chamber 29 is lower, but needs to stop the long time therein.Adopt fluid bed 101 in same equipment, can carry out air-conditioning, also can play sorting simultaneously, the various advantages that it had are obviously.

As mentioned above, each parts among Fig. 1 corresponding to prior art, can be made amendment as requested.

But, compare with various processing methods before this, the stop of this programme in fluid bed 1 can keep the very short time, and make its energy consumption remain on low-level on.This is owing to when beans is sent into fluid bed 1, with very high efficient the inside of beans is all given heat penetration fully.Particularly this method has benefit to soybean, because the inside of beans will produce the hairline crack, moisture content just can break loose from the crack, so just can obtain the effect of two aspects.On the one hand, harmful enzyme is plain will be destroyed at least in part in beans as antitrypsin or lipoxidase, and on the other hand, the shell skin can be flow to the water vapour on beans surface and do loose.So handling in fluid bed 1 only needs the short time, and only need loose shell skin is got rid of, and the temperature of beans is maintained, so that make the beans that enters in the step 17 of milling under hot, apply mechanical force.

When adopting prior art with the Convective Heating method, it is more cost to be improved.But test shows, adopts contact method heating beans, then can make the expense of total energy consumption be able to reduce considerablely.For example, can use device 32, this device can be with a vertical baking box, but can remove the cooling zone of its common usefulness in end, and this cooling zone is that general vertical baking box is necessary.Beans is sent into by top funnel 33, and by a tubule road 34 made from sheet metal.The metal part of this pipeline 34 heats from its outside by a heater 35, and this heater comprises an air blast 36 at least, preferably two air blasts of installing on two opposites on the diameter of device 32.The air stream that air blast 36 is mainly used in the handle assembly 32 circulates, and when air was too dirty, portion of air can be discharged by an opening 37 of closing with valve.Owing to exist air by shell skin contamination of heavy, preferably install a filter 38.Many eyelets can be stamped, as the practice in vertical baking box on the sheet metal of pipeline 34.Clearly, device 32 shell will be through adiabatic well.

Like this, when beans flow through device 32, then the hot surface with pipeline 34 contacted, and at first the outer part with beans stream heats, then with entad portion's transmission of heat.As heat carrier, is helpful for heat transfer by circulating air.When beans when the hot wall of pipeline 34 flows through, also bear the mechanical friction effect, meanwhile, moisture content comes out from beans inside by the heat treatment shell skin spreading of embrittlement also.This process was said in front.After pipeline 34 is stamped eyelet, can also increase rubbing action with beans, so a kind of rough surface that forms especially can make the edge of eyelet and beans produce friction.

Proof is thrown off with the shell skin after only about half of beans process fluid bed 1 processing already, and these shell skins only need be got rid of in fluid bed 1.So, the time that in fluid bed 1, stops, compare with the situation in past, can shorten dramatically, 2 minutes with interior just enough, preferably in 1 minute, universal experience was controlled at for 30 to 50 seconds, as 40 seconds.This be adopt and use about 1/4 of other method required time up to now, and in some cases, even can also be shorter.Therefore, can save by the expense of air heat.Compare with the heating means that the past is known, even can remain on lower temperature, preferably remain in 130 ℃ to the 170 ℃ scopes.In fact, the time that in device 32, stops should with 30 minutes be the upper limit, preferably 5 to 25 minutes.The time of staying in most cases, can obtain the product of high-quality when being 15 to 25 minutes, and its mean holding time is 20 minutes.

The front points out that most shell skin is loose in device 32.Owing to have many eyelets on the pipeline 34, want some shell skin will enter in the surrounding space of pipeline 34 inevitably, this is because the air that utilizes air blast 36 to be produced flows due to the turbulent flow that forms at pipeline eyelet place.So it is useful that handle assembly 32 is made the square-section, so that make air pass through heater 35, by pipeline 34, this pipeline also is to be advisable to make the square-section then, and is last, and air is forced to import filter 38 to obtain the air of cleaning.Yet people must see, when device 32 is heated to when overheated, just redden easily with shell skin after hot surface contacts.So, contact heat treatment temperature at the end is controlled to handle in the fluid bed 1 at the end reaches temperature about about 60% and suit as a mean temperature (calling " bulk temperature ").On the other hand, its reason was set forth in front, and what handle at the end temperature is suitable below 100% if heating-up temperature is a fluid bed 1.In fact, the function that makes fluid bed 1 break away from heating is the most useful, based on this reason, if beans is handled at the end in device 32, at least reach 70% of described temperature, it is useful especially can reaching 75% to 85% approximately like this when beans is in the exit position of fluid bed 1.

Reason obviously, pipeline 34 at it by heater 35 by on the segment length of filter 38, its lateral dimension is narrower is advisable, as shown in Figure 1 so that can be when making beans circulation piping 34 surperficial to its each several part heat penetration equably.This is that heat can not transfer heat to the inside that beans flows by contact method because when the size of pipeline 34 is big, and traditional convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection will play a leading role at this, in this case, will cause the uneven distribution of temperature.Therefore, particularly when large quantities of beans is handled, adopt so a kind of its area of heating surface to reach inner device and be good.In general, when adopting device 32, dispose several radially strips of sheet metal (if pipeline 34 is circular cross-sections) stretch to the inside of pipeline 34, but point out the front, preferably adopt the square-section, in the case, strips of sheet metal should be arranged in the direction of beans stream.

Constituent apparatus 232(sees Fig. 3, and is 32 similar to device) an element very ideal designs structure as shown in Figure 2.Each element 132 be pit type (pit-shaped) as shown in Figure 2.Square-section preferably, and be provided with steam envelope 39,40 at its both ends, have an Intaking joint 41 on the steam packing 39, and have a steam lead to link together by the flange of this pipe joint 41 from boiler (not shown); In the inside of steam packing 39, there is a diffuser plate 43 to be used to make the steam that enters in the packing 39 to scatter equably facing to inlet union 41.

By packing 39 beginning, be provided with in the whole pit areas that many pipelines 44 run through element 132, the surface of transmission of heat by contact so then is provided on whole sectional area for beans.For example, pipeline 44 can be staggered, make like this each beans once again by about skew, contact with these hot surfaces so as to making it, simultaneously, the loose shell skin that splits is applied friction.

At another side, getting up by the vapor collection of pipeline 44.An outlet pipe connection 45 is arranged on the inside of packing 40, because need to discharge the steam that is condensed into water at last.

For example, this similar device is in Russian Patent and 1,106, No. 968 and 1, mentioned for 114, No. 867, and all can be used in the scope of the present invention fully, but, component structure as shown in Figure 2 according to the dimensions of desired entire equipment, can be produced this device of different size specification.Packing 39 as seen from the figure, 40 are not stretched on the whole height of element 132, thereby to all leave over a bit of down at two ends, and can arrange like this, be about on one side a bit of pipe on (as the base) and widen a little, so that accept and round being connected with a section of another element top thereafter.Certainly, also comprise other the practice, the section portion that section is left with packing 39,40 is furnished with joint flange, is connected with corresponding structural detail separately.

In this case, can be assembled into a preheater 232 that comprises four elements 132, as shown in Figure 3, one enters 46, one of elements not end member spare 47 and a discharger 48, be connected in turn on the element 46, but, should be pointed out that one independently discharger can save in some cases, as in equipment shown in Figure 1, also just competent this function of the pocket type gate 6 in the fluid bed 1.

In this case, the time of staying requires quite shortly in preheater, and a heat is set, and to keep the district to be connected with preheater be useful.In a kind of like this heat district, can provide time enough and to the outside shell skin be taken off so that moisture content is burst out from beans or beans.For example, heat keeps the district to be made of a bin, and this bin does not need batch (-type) ground to carry out work, and needs can be accepted the beans that flows into from above continuously, and when the beans of bottom have certain accumulate the time after, will carry out extraction continuously.In many cases, be difficult to imagination and adopt vertical equipment, the bin 49 that a level is set is possible, and this bin should be well adiabatic, and a conveyer such as chain delivery device 102 should be housed therein.If need beans be sent to therewith it when being in the fluid bed 1 on the same horizontal level from installing 232 bottom, then can be easily this bin be designed to form as same conveyer vertical or tilting.In this case, this bin 49 can be finished a dual function.In addition, also may allow this bin 49 to possess further function promptly replaces discharger 48 with it and beans is discharged from preheater 232.Depend on the velocity of discharge of the chain delivery device 102 of the bottom that is located at this preheater 232 by the quantity of the beans that flows into above, so in fact the time that stops be decided by the speed of chain delivery device 102 in preheater 232.

Be instantiation of the present invention below.

Soybean is peeled in similar devices as shown in Figure 1; Device 32 among Fig. 1 is only replaced by the device among Fig. 3 232.The front that also is included in fluid bed 101 corresponding to the further change of Fig. 1 is provided with an elutriation device.

Soybean is under room temperature state, and the mean temperature that is contained is 11.2%.These soybean are flowed through and stop at the end in the preheater 232, and the humidity in soybean has reduced by 0.2%, and its mean temperature is 55 ℃.

Then the soybean beans is imported in the fluid bed 1, and only kept for 30 seconds at this place, the temperature of used processing air is 160 ℃.Handling at the end, the humidity of beans remains on 10.6%, and its temperature is 84 ℃.At this, should be pointed out that temperature value recited above is its mean temperature of expression, because through the soybean after the fluidized bed processing, between the inside of its beans and its outer surface, be certain to exist temperature difference.Measured mean temperature is to carry out through after enough retention times soybean, so that make it in a thermally insulated container, temperature reaches balance.After fluid bed 1, nearly half soybean is peeled, and residual shell skin need be got rid of when elutriation device 25 and fluid bed 101 through step 17.

After handling like this, find that the soybean of having peeled has soft epidermis, yet when adopting fluidized bed processing, in 80% energy of being saved (be and Deutsche Bundespatent 2, compare for 354, No. 617, this processing method is reduced expenses very much, because it only heats the surface of beans), a part wherein will be used to heat preheater 232.So stack up is calculated can save cost 30%.

By the resulting soybean of this processing, removed harmful enzyme element to a great extent, like this then indicate such fact as antitrypsin, promptly this fermentoid element is destroyed under 80 ℃ of temperature.If soybean is used to carry out the cooking (as people's food) of any way later on, it will be more suitable then in fluid bed they being heated to 70 ° to 80 ℃ mean temperature, antitrypsin should be destroyed falls, but, it is comparatively suitable that its heating-up temperature is chosen in about 80 ℃, consider that as the factor that only consumes thinking had better not be above 90 ℃ from energy.

According to this processing procedure, same can use different temperatures for example, and the different humidity replacement of beans, and the parameter area by determining has like this write in claims, has been found that some data are suitable for like this.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, packing 39,40 is represented, is actually the capping of a heat carrier EGR, and it is the external shell (Fig. 1) around the device 32 of pipeline 34, and it plays a capping in initial described embodiment.

Claims (16)

1, the peeling method of a kind of legume crop, its mesochite suitcase is lived beans, decortication especially for soybean, this method may further comprise the steps: beans is heated always heat penetration to the heart portion of beans by predetermined temperature, then beans is sent in the thermal air current, peel effectively therein, it is characterized in that: in the step with the beans heat penetration, the heat effect of at least a portion contacts with hot surface by beans and finishes, and this process is to carry out carrying out before the empty stream processing of heat at beans.

2, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that beans contacts with all hot surface basically, perhaps with by each surface that hot surface heated contacts.

3, method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that one continuous, and the beans stream of very dense is imported into a hot surface that forms cavity, as pipeline-like member.

4, method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: it is to carry out in by described hot surface and the other formed Cavity structural member of hot surface that beans contacts.

5, method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the end through the contact heat treated, when being heated to next step processing at least, beans should reach about 60% of temperature, before last shelling step is carried out, preferably beans is heated to below 100% of temperature that should reach, particularly should reach 70% at least, be optimum with 75% to 85%.

6, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the contact heat treatment step; Its action time should with 30 minutes be the upper limit, preferably in 5 to 25 minutes, particularly, best as 20 minutes at 15 to 25 minutes.

7, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: during with the contact heat treated, it is 50 ° to 75 ℃ that beans is heated to mean temperature, preferably temperature is heated to about 60 ℃.

8, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: after through the contact heat treatment step, with beans, particularly soybean carries out the thermal air current processing, and its heating mean temperature is 70 ° to 90 ℃, preferably 80 ℃.

9, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: after through the contact heat treatment step, the heat time heating time in the treatment step that heats in thermal air current will be in 2 minutes, preferably in 1 minute, particularly in 30 to 50 seconds; Best as 40 seconds.

10, as the method for claim 10, it is characterized in that: after through the contact heat treated, before the thermal air current heat treated, beans is placed in the bin under hot condition keeps one period scheduled time, described preset time is advisable to be no more than 20 minutes, specifically be no more than 15 minutes, particularly 10 minutes best.

11, as the method for any one requirement of claim 1-10, it is characterized in that: through after above-mentioned the contact heating and hot air flow treatment step, make beans be subjected to mechanical force, particularly, will experience a shock at least.

12, a kind of equipment is used to realize the equipment as the method for any one requirement of claim 1 to 11, this equipment comprises a fluid bed that is used for handling at thermal air current beans at least, and have at least and be used for apply the hulling device of mechanical force through the beans of fluidized bed processing, it is characterized in that before fluidized bed processing, be provided with a preheating device, this device comprises some areas of heating surface, and is used as a kind of guide plate of above-mentioned beans.

13, as the equipment of claim 12, it is characterized in that: its preheating device comprises a box component that is used to guide the sealing of described beans, this member make beans action with under flow through, particularly vertically extend and comprise many areas of heating surface.

14, as the equipment of claim 13, it is characterized in that: its preheating device comprises the end cap of the heating carrier of the indirect beans that is used to circulate.

15, as the equipment of claim 13, it is characterized in that: its box component comprises that several stretch to its inner area of heating surface, and preferably is horizontally through its inside, and this box component can be made the such form of beans drier.

16, as the equipment of any one requirement of claim 12 to 15, it is characterized in that:, particularly behind the husking by impact machine, a fluid bed is set at the mechanical dejacketing device.

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