CN109990301A - A kind of method of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment and oil recovery - Google Patents
A kind of method of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment and oil recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109990301A CN109990301A CN201910290347.7A CN201910290347A CN109990301A CN 109990301 A CN109990301 A CN 109990301A CN 201910290347 A CN201910290347 A CN 201910290347A CN 109990301 A CN109990301 A CN 109990301A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment, by negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, negative-pressure air fan system, circulating pump and its pipe-line system and cooling system composition, negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace includes furnace body, air inlet is arranged at the top of furnace body, heating member is mounted on furnace internal upper part, there is the load bearing board of aperture to be mounted on lower part in furnace, cooling system includes cooling zone, circulating pump, circulation pipe and air-cooled heat exchanger, furnace bottom is reacted with negative pressure reverse combustion and is connected in cooling zone, cooling zone side is provided with negative pressure ventilation mouth from top to bottom, oil discharge outlet and discharge outlet, the lower section of discharge outlet is connected to circulating pump by circulation pipe, it is connected using circulation pipe with air-cooled heat exchanger, air-cooled heat exchanger liquid outlet is taken back in cooling zone by circulation pipe, form circulation, negative pressure ventilation mouth accesses negative-pressure air fan.Using the equipment, it is granulated by sorting, is packed into furnace, causes igniting, spontaneous anti-burning, refrigerated separation, it can be with oil recovery.Oil recovery rate reaches 60% or more, obtains good benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates at a kind of oil pollutant processing equipment more particularly to a kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment
Manage the equipment and a kind of method of oil recovery of oil recovery.
Background technique
Oily substance source is very extensive, including natural oil, oil product, tar and its fraction, and edible dynamic
Vegetable oil and fats.At the same time, in petrochemical industry, chemical pharmaceutical engineering, metal smelt industry, food processing and life
All kinds of oil pollutants will be generated during production etc.；The oil pollutant wherein generated with petrochemical industry it is the most universal and
It is severe.
In oil exploration, exploitation, refining, clear tank, storage and transport process, due to originals such as accident, evaporating, emitting, dripping or leaking of liquid or gas, natural subsidences
Cause, substantial oil or oil product and soil, water or other impurity form the pollutant of all kinds of oil-containings, as greasy filth, soil contaminated by crude oil and
Woven bag, oily pollution filler and catalyst etc..In this oil pollutant often due to containing petroleum components and concentration it is higher, belong to
Inflammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful substance belongs to HW08 or HW49 danger wastes according to " according to National Hazard waste register ", if
Directly or simple disposition is just discharged into environment, can be caused great harm to natural ecological environment.
The oil pollutant troubling in face of this, scientific research and engineer application worker always search for various be effectively treated
Mode by traditional burial and has burned two kinds of methods, develop to washing class ultrasonic separation, heat chemistry medicine is washed, is biological prosthetic,
Thermal desorption, desiccation cracking and catalytic pyrolysis, other methods such as processing of glowing.Bury is exactly that oil pollutant is looked for a place digging
Hole, carry out it is impermeable after bury, this method can occupy a large amount of soil, and capacity is limited；Incineration method is exactly by oils dirt
It contaminating object and carries out high temperature incineration, this method may be implemented waste and be reduced and destroy by fire polluter, a part of heat can also be recycled,
But defect is to need to consume a large amount of fuel, and treating tail gas complex process and operating cost are high；Wash class ultrasonic separation, thermalization
Learning medicine and washing is to belong to physico-chemical process, and washing medicament and three phase centrifugation separation and recovery part oil need to be added, but still have sewage and waste residue row
Needs further disposition is put, causes secondary pollution serious；Although biological prosthetic expense is relatively low, operating condition requires high (such as
Low temperature season is not suitable for using) and long processing period, be not suitable for the disposition of all oil pollutants；Thermal desorption, desiccation cracking and
Catalytic pyrolysis method belongs to endothermic process, is important to eradicate heavy oil kind pollution in oil pollutant, often material heating temperature is extremely
500 DEG C or more are wanted less, causes energy consumption extremely high, and more outside resources is needed to input if oil pollution water content of matter height, though
The oil gas so evaporated can be with oil recovery by condensation, but equipment transmission mechanism is mostly and structure is complicated, operation poor thermal conductivity and coking
The outstanding problems such as thermal losses is big, practical application economic value are limited.
Develop in the prior art it is a kind of porous matrix substance or catalyst are mixed with organic substance after, be exposed to oxidation
Agent, to cause the self-sustaining burning of mixture, or after combustion processing porous matrix come make porous matrix substance with contain it is valuable
The ash content physical separation of the inorganic substances of value；But in general in oil pollutant most of greasy filth solid particle size 1 to
Between 100 microns, the oil pollutant compactness of generation is stronger, is generally not easy that air is allowed to pass through or be exposed to oxidant,
And mixed according to porous matrix substance or catalyst with oil pollutant, then not only processing capacity, treatment effeciency can be big
Big decline is outer, and treatment facility investment, unit operation energy consumption and cost greatly increase.And the core of such technology is by institute
There is the oil in oil pollutant all burning-out, does not propose a kind of better scheme conscientiously for recycling.
Petroleum is usually the mixture being made of several different boiling oil components in oily substance, according in hydrocarbon
Amount of carbon atom and different boiling, after heat oil, fractionation, available fuel gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil,
Heavy oil, pitch etc.；And often due to the presence of heavy oil, asphalitine or other organic matters, leads to oil pollution in oil pollutant
Object is disposed difficulty and is increased；But the high boiling heavy oil that only ignites, asphalitine or other organic matters pass through spoke as energy supply
Penetrate, convection current, conduction pattern persistently implement desiccation, pyrolysis, hypergolic reaction to its inside combustible component and the similar material of surrounding, finally
It not only realizes that organic principle removal is totally in oil pollutant, but also oil product can be recycled by condensing mode, such as gasoline, coal
Oil, diesel oil, fuel oil etc. did not also meet report in oil pollutant disposition.This needs to solve device layout, oxidizing gas stream direction
And the technical problem that way of recycling combines.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment and oil recovery to solve above-mentioned technical problem
Method.
There are two the purpose of the present invention: first is that, overcome that the prior art is harsh to material requirement, pretreatment is complicated, disposition
The problems such as energy consumption is high, secondary pollution is serious, the device is complicated, operating cost is high, expands oil pollutant process range；Second is that, knot
Structure is created, and using anti-burning technology, is set airflow direction and burning direction and is carried out along gravity direction, and is applied cooling recycling and set
It is standby, utilize the difference of organic matter different component boiling point oily in oil pollutant, the high boiling heavy oil that only ignites, asphalitine or other
Organic matter passes through radiation, convection current, conduction pattern persistently to its inside combustible component and surrounding mixture material as energy supply
Implement desiccation, pyrolysis, hypergolic reaction, finally not only realizes that organic principle removal is totally in oil pollutant, but also can pass through
Oil product, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil are recycled in the transport of gravity and air-flow in the way of natural condensation；To collect
At ground novelty provide it is a kind of efficiently, energy conservation, processing thoroughly, the oil pollution substance treating method and equipment of discharge environmental protection.
So-called " oil pollutant " of the invention refers to the liquid polluted by component any in oily substance or oily substance
Body, semisolid, solid substance be referred to as, including polluted by oily substance woven bag, colour bar cloth, stone, turn the sundries such as tile
It is generally not one-component substance with bulk object etc..
A kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment, by negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, negative-pressure air fan system, circulating pump and its pipe
Road system and cooling system composition, negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace includes furnace body, air inlet, heating member, load bearing board, air inlet
Setting is at the top of furnace body, heating member is mounted on furnace internal upper part, has aperture on load bearing board, and load bearing board is mounted on lower part in furnace body, institute
The cooling system stated includes cooling zone, circulating pump, circulation pipe and air-cooled heat exchanger, and cooling zone is reacted with negative pressure reverse combustion
Furnace bottom is connected, and cooling zone side wall is provided with negative pressure ventilation mouth, oil discharge outlet and discharge outlet from top to bottom, and the lower section of discharge outlet is by following
Endless tube is connected to circulating pump, is connected using circulation pipe with air-cooled heat exchanger, air-cooled heat exchanger liquid outlet is taken back by circulation pipe
Circulation is formed in cooling zone, the negative pressure ventilation mouth is connected to negative-pressure air fan.
Oil extraction, discharge outlet, which are periodically discharged, collects oil recovery and extra water, in order to continually and steadily run, can be set certain
The oil skimming of structure, slag-draining device prevent from blocking.
Preferably, heating member is infrared emanation heating member.For further, the top of infrared emanation heating member away from
From 10 ~ 500mm, reflecting element is installed, which is arranged 5 ~ 50mm of diameter towards coating high temperature reflection paint inside radiant heating element
Several air holes.Common heating member can produce enough heat initiation reactions, but radiant heating element is more suitable for this hair
The bright required requirement caused from top to bottom is particular enable to generate the infrared heating body of radiation, and radiations heat energy accounts for total calorific value 50%
The above better effect.
Preferably, the load bearing board of aperture is equipped with strainer, 10 ~ 100 mesh of sieve meshes mesh number.Load bearing board is on the basis of load-bearing
On can not prevent mixture or ash content from entering the cooling zone of cooling system, and ash content is easy for causing pipeline after entering
The oily purity difference of blocking or recycling, therefore increase strainer, it can satisfy the isolation of ash content.
Preferably, air-cooled heat exchanger is made of fin heat exchange pipe and hair dryer, the liquid-inlet and circulation of air-cooled heat exchanger
Pump is connected, and outlet extend into the cooling zone of cooling system, and the import of hair dryer connects air, exports the air inlet phase with furnace body
Even.It is to save energy that the hot-air that air-cooled heat exchanger generates, which is introduced into reacting furnace air inlet position,.Meanwhile in order to more excellent
Ground reaches condensation effect, and air-cooled heat exchanger can configure cooling driers or other existing cold sources, provides -60 ~ 10 DEG C of flowable cooling Jie
Matter.
Preferably, hair dryer is equipped with motor vector frequency converter.It can be according to monitoring temperature, when circulating water temperature is higher
When, revolving speed is improved, increases heat dissipation, to guarantee cooling effect.
Preferably, negative-pressure air fan is one or more, the negative-pressure air fan of roots blower, high pressure centrifugal blower, vacuum pump
It is also equipped with motor vector frequency converter.It can control pressure difference by motor vector frequency converter, to increase or decrease the air of inspiration
Amount counter burns into capable temperature and speed in favor of causing and controlling.
Preferably, liquid distributor is installed, liquid distributor is connected with the liquid outlet of heat exchanger, there is spray on liquid distributor in cooling zone
Mouthful, and several nozzles are set.It is anti-burn during can generate the organic gas of oil, about 0 ~ 500 DEG C of temperature；In order to play good cooling
The waste water that furnace bottom condensation is collected is pumped into air-cooled heat exchanger using circulating pump by effect, and waste water is sprayed by atomization after heat exchange is cooling
Waste water is atomized into small droplet by mouth, and cooling with the direct instantaneous touch of the organic gas of oil, by the organic gas of oil steam, oil is from gas phase
Liquid phase is mutually changed to, to realize separation.
The same longitudal section in furnace, different vertical height, the monitoring temperature monitor of setting two and more than two quantity,
And give real-time Data Transmission to system control panel multi-channel data acquisition instrument, which generates temperature on computer monitor
Curve regulates and controls negative-pressure air fan motor vector frequency converter and/or regulating valve in conjunction with flow count value accordingly；Furnace internal upper part and lower part gas
It flows position and pressure detecting instrument is set, with negative-pressure air fan motor vector frequency converter chain control；It recycles water pump outlet pipe and flowmeter is set
Pass through the monitoring of flow, pressure, with pressure detecting instrument to judge whether circulating pump operating is normal；Air-cooled heat exchanger is provided at least
One hair dryer, every hair dryer set motor vector frequency converter, and variable-frequency motor is and air-cooled heat exchanger wastewater outlet upper pipeline temperature
Spend detector chain control；In order to which oil recycling reaches optimum efficiency, micro air pump is set on negative-pressure air fan air outlet pipeline and is adopted
Sampling point, and organic gas is pumped to on-line detector, on-line detector at least detect one or more of above data: CO,
CO2, VOCs, NOx, and transfer data to system control panel, formation curve, data analysis on computer monitor, certainly
In order to which operation data detects validity, the column row detection of equivalent parameters hand-held tester intermittent must be aided with.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods of oil recovery, using above-mentioned negative pressure reverse combustion equipment operation, specific recycling side
Steps are as follows for method:
1, sorting is granulated: oil pollutant by screening plant, by oil pollutant >=woven bag, the colour bar cloth, stone of 50mm
Block turns the sundries such as tile and is sifted out, and after smashing and being crushed to < 50mm to pieces, is added to other liquid, semisolid and solid oils
Pollutant is mixed, and using hardening pelletizer, and assists heating and drying, the irregular mixture of formation surface drying hardening.
2, it is packed into furnace: surface drying being hardened into irregular mixture and is seated on negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace load bearing board.
3, cause igniting: opening negative-pressure air fan, adjust the pumping of negative-pressure air fan, air or hot-air are drawn into from top
In furnace, it is formed simultaneously range of negative pressure in the interior environment of -100Kpa ~ -0.1Kpa, the heating member of open top part, when monitoring distance
The temperature monitor temperature rate-of-rise of 100 ~ 500mm of heat radiation heating member reaches 5 ~ 50 DEG C/min, and on-line checking negative pressure wind
When VOCs, CO gas concentration of machine air draft respectively reach 50ppm, 1000ppm, the temperature of the mixture of topmost rises to 200 ~
Under 600 DEG C of reaction conditions, complete to cause igniting.
4, spontaneous anti-burning: when temperature of charge continues to rise to 600 ~ 2000 DEG C, the CO of on-line checking2, NO gas concentration
When respectively reaching 0.1%, 20ppm or more, into the spontaneous anti-burning stage, heating member is closed, air is kept to be drawn through mixing from top to bottom
Material, anti-to burn since upper layer oil pollutant in furnace, as the anti-boundary layer that burns promotes from top to bottom, low boiling point oil gas is volatilized into
Gas phase oil after being condensed into liquid phase during being passed down through mixture area, flows out load bearing board；Thereafter higher boiling oil pollution
Object is further increased with temperature, is cracked into low molecule oil gas, is advanced downwardly with air-flow, and a part is consumed as fuel,
Another part is condensed into liquid phase oil, flows out load bearing board, and Ash residue object is deposited in discharge when discharging on anti-burning interface.
5, refrigerated separation: it is counter to burn into during row, circulating pump is opened, the organic gas of oil is cooled down using cold water, cold water
It is exchanged heat and is cooled down by air-cooled heat exchanger, oil is settled in cooling zone bottom, and oil periodically is discharged by oil discharge outlet, and discharge outlet discharge is more
Remaining waste water.
Preferably, it when being packed into furnace, is fed from reacting furnace lower part, reacting furnace upper outlet, keeps anti-interface of burning in reverse burning furnace
Oil recovery is continuously or semi-continuously instead burnt in middle section.
The anti-principle for burning recycling of the invention is, using the difference of oily substance different component boiling point in oil pollutant,
High boiling heavy oil, asphalitine or other organic matters only ignite in oily substance as energy supply, and by radiation, convection current,
Conduction pattern persistently to combustible component inside oil pollution composition granule and the similar material of surrounding implement lasting desiccation, pyrolysis, oneself
Combustion reaction finally not only realizes that organic principle removal is totally in oil pollutant, but also can burn condensation mode by counter
Oil recovery, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil composition mixture.
The so-called negative pressure of the present invention refers in negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace through negative pressure ventilation, maintains negative pressure state, negative pressure model
- 100Kpa ~ -0.1Kpa is trapped among to realize；It realizes that reacting furnace forms negative pressure, can achieve two mesh of reacting furnace operating condition
: (1) negative pressure state under, anti-burning reaction furnace generate the organic gas of oil will not be excessive and lead to security risk, and the organic gas of oil is filled
Divide to be trapped in reacting furnace and facilitate the anti-lasting progress burnt, further can sufficiently condense, oil recovery；(2) negative pressure state
Under, in the case where being lower than atmospheric boiling point the organic gas volatilization of oil can be realized, so that overall power consumption is saved, more into one in oily substance
Step is conducive to oily substance in oil pollutant surface desorption or cracking to the organic gas of oil, to condense, recycle more oil.
Further, the better sufficient oil recovery of Yao Shixian oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion further relies on system fortune
Effective whole control of row parameter, such as temperature, pressure, flow, electric machine frequency, the organic gas ingredient of oil, control valve parameter prison
Control, and realize automatic, semi-automatic chain realization.
So-called screening plant, be based on by woven bag in oil pollutant, colour bar cloth, stone, turn the sundries such as tile and
Bulk object is rejected and is designed；It can be flase floor, mechanical grading grab bucket, vibrating screen with grid etc.；When containing
The woven bag of oily substance, stone, turns the sundries such as tile and bulk object etc. and has been carried out differentiation to place colour bar cloth, is just not necessarily to
Dedicated screening plant is carried out to be separated；According to actual motion needs, sieving aperture can be between 10 ~ 100mm of scope of design.According to
Three kinds of state material characteristics of liquid, semisolid, solid after the screened separation of oil pollutant are hard using surface drying is entered stage by stage
Change granulating system,
Specifically, following several steps can be divided into:
Step 1: solid-like oil pollutant is after broken, under outside heat supply conditions, can gradually desiccation, and with
Under mechanical rubbing effect, further fragmentation, with lard pollutant is viscous rubs together, it is broken to be continued for desiccation, rubbing
Change, until surface drying hardening can not be sticked together between particle；
Step 2: entering second level rubbing, granulation process if oil pollutant to be processed contains liquid, liquid is to be driven by pump,
It is injected in surface drying hardening granulating system；
Step 3: the shaped granule for finally reaching design requirement partial size is temporarily stored in repository, used for next step processing.
In order to reduce system thermal input energy consumption, lime-ash after this equipment anti-burning-outization can also be admixed the above first step,
In second step step, to utilize its heat；If, can be containing the acidic materials precursor such as more sulphur, halogen in oil pollutant
Alkaline matter, such as quick lime, white lime, caustic soda are admixed in oil pollutant；And the outside heat can be and be by this
System generate waste heat flue gas generate or it is other by the different forms such as electricity, combustion gas, heat pump, fuel oil, steam, waste heat, solar energy it is single or
Combining form generates；Granulation process is hardened in surface drying, if solid-like oil pollution water content of matter is lower than 20%, outside heat is supplied
To not necessary condition；Surface drying, which hardens granulating system, to be implemented under the following condition of negative pressure of -50Pa, and the gas of generation can be by arranging
Blower is sent into negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace and is used.
Desiccation, the pyrolysis, spontaneous combustion of this technique elaboration are oil pollutant successive steps experienced before by thorough purify
Suddenly, it includes oil pollutant heat treatment starting and two operating process of continuous service, the two steps are to carry out from top to bottom
, operation operational process is now described in detail:
When starting, the radiant heating element close to oil pollutant is first turned on, and the hot-air of input is added again by radiant heating element
Oil pollutant is reached after heat；By monitoring gas electric thermo-couple temperature, the power and air input flow rate of radiant heating element are adjusted,
With the input demand for meeting the desiccation of radiant heating element oil pollutant, being pyrolyzed institute's calorific requirement；At this point, the gas of negative-pressure air fan exhaust
Body is monitored at any time by on-line detecting system, and detection ingredient is T, VOCs, CO, CO2、NO、NOx、H2S、SO2Deng；When monitor away from
Material electric thermo-couple temperature climbing speed from 100 ~ 500mm of heat radiation heating member reaches 5 ~ 50 DEG C/min, and on-line checking
When VOCs, CO gas concentration respectively reach 50ppm, 1000ppm or more, then stop radiant heating element operation, but hot-air is still held
Continuous input；This is arrived, system completes startup program, can close heating member at this time.
When continuous service, temperature of charge can still be gradually increased to 600 ~ 2000 DEG C, as the CO of on-line checking2, NO gas it is dense
When degree respectively reaches 0.1%, 20ppm or more, reaction spontaneous progress is indicated.It is defeated that hot-air need be adjusted in real time during this
Inbound traffics and temperature, it is ensured that gas phase oily substance can obtain condensing recovery to greatest extent.With anti-to burn boundary layer constantly downward
It promotes, the temperature change of vertical direction is in " cliffy summit " shape, i.e., each horizontal bed of material can suddenly be increased to highest since low temperature
Temperature, temperature suddenly reduce again.In this operational process, it can be fed again after this batch of oil pollutant has been handled, it can also be with
Automatic feeding mechanism, consecutive intervals charging are set.
Negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace in the process of running, can generate the organic gas of oil, and a part derives from low molecule oil gas volatilization
Condensation, cracking volatilization of a part from high score seed oil, about 0 ~ 500 DEG C of temperature；In order to play good cooling effect, using following
The waste water that furnace bottom condensation is collected is pumped into heat exchanger by ring pump, which is preferably air-cooled heat exchanger, heat exchange cooling
Waste water enters cooling zone afterwards, and waste water is preferably atomized into small droplet by atomizer, and with the organic direct instantaneous touch of gas of oil
It is cooling, steam, the oil in the organic gas of oil from gas phase are mutually changed into liquid phase, to realize initial gross separation.In order to keep structure more tight
It gathers, cooling zone can directly connect in reverse burning furnace in the following, for load bearing board, be designed to integrated form.Meanwhile in order to more preferably reach
To condensation effect, air-cooled heat exchanger can configure cooling driers or other existing cold sources, provide -60 ~ 10 DEG C of flowable cooling medias.
Beneficial effect
1, negative pressure reverse combustion equipment of the invention, it is simple and compact for structure, it using negative pressure technique, does not reveal, securely and reliably, and saves
Energy.
2, negative pressure reverse combustion equipment of the invention, it is ingenious in design, using anti-burning technology, so that combustion boundary is from top to bottom, together
Gas phase is consistent with the flow direction of the oily substance of liquid phase, and in forward combustion, the oily substance of gas phase and liquid phase is due to gravity work
With, it volatilizees upwards, and drop back into combustion boundary, it is most just burned clean, it can seldom be recovered, cause to waste in resource.
3, oily recovery process of the invention, to oil pollutant always oily removal rate can reach 99% or more, it is without secondary pollution,
Operation and Maintenance is simple, operating cost is lower by 50% or more than conventional incineration and pyrolysis, and the rate of recovery is higher, and oily organic matter is use up
Possible recycling, the rate of recovery reach 60% or more, obtain good society, economy, environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 equipment schematic diagram
Fig. 2 process flow chart
Wherein, 1 is negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace-e/or, and 2 be air inlet, and 3 be heating member, and 4 be reflecting element, and 5 be air hose, and 6 be to hold burning
Plate, 7 be nozzle, and 8 be air-cooled heat exchanger, and 9 be hair dryer, and 10 be circulating pump, and 11 be circulation pipe, and 12 be negative pressure ventilation mouth, and 13 are
Oil discharge outlet, 14 be discharge outlet, and 15 be oil pollutant.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment, by negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, negative-pressure air fan system, circulating pump 10 and its pipeline
System and cooling system composition, negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace include furnace body 1, air inlet 2, heating member 3, load bearing board 6, air inlet
2 setting of mouth is at the top of furnace body 1, infrared emanation heating member 3 is mounted on furnace internal upper part, has aperture on load bearing board 6, and load bearing board 6 is pacified
The lower part in furnace body 1, load bearing board 6 are equipped with strainer, 100 mesh of sieve meshes mesh number, the top of infrared emanation heating member 3 away from
From 400mm, reflecting element 4 is installed, which is arranged diameter towards coating high temperature reflection paint inside infrared radiation heating part 3
Several air holes of 45mm, cooling system include cooling zone, circulating pump 10, circulation pipe 11 and air-cooled heat exchanger 8, cold
But area reacts furnace bottom with negative pressure reverse combustion and is connected, and cooling zone side wall is provided with negative pressure ventilation mouth 12, oil discharge outlet 13 and row from top to bottom
The lower section at the mouth of a river 14, discharge outlet 14 is connected to circulating pump 10 by circulation pipe 11, using circulation pipe 11 and 8 phase of air-cooled heat exchanger
Even, air-cooled heat exchanger 8 is made of fin heat exchange pipe and hair dryer 9, liquid-inlet and 10 phase of circulating pump of air-cooled heat exchanger 8
Even, outlet extend into the cooling zone of cooling system, and liquid distributor, liquid distributor and air-cooled heat exchanger 8 are equipped in cooling zone
Liquid outlet is connected, and has spout on liquid distributor, is arranged several nozzles 7, and the import of hair dryer 9 connects air, outlet and furnace body 1 into
Air port 2 is connected, and hair dryer 9 is equipped with motor vector frequency converter, and negative pressure ventilation mouth 12 is connected to sieve of motor vector frequency converter control
Thatch blower.The mechanical dimensions of such negative pressure reverse combustion equipment are diameter 2000mm, height 2500mm, and furnace body 1 has band heat-insulation and heat-preservation
Layer.
The same longitudal section in furnace, different vertical height are uniformly distributed 80 monitoring temperature monitors, and will count in real time
According to system control panel multi-channel data acquisition instrument is transferred to, which generates temperature curve on computer monitor, in conjunction with
Flow count value regulates and controls negative-pressure air fan frequency converter and/or regulating valve accordingly；Furnace internal upper part and lower stream of airflow position setting pressure are examined
Instrument is surveyed, with negative-pressure air fan frequency converter chain control；10 outlet pipe of circulating pump is arranged flowmeter and pressure detecting instrument and passes through flow, pressure
The monitoring of power, to judge whether the operating of circulating pump 10 is normal；Air-cooled heat exchanger 8 is provided with two hair dryers 9, every hair dryer 9
If motor vector frequency converter, variable-frequency motor is and 8 wastewater outlet upper pipeline temperature monitor chain control of air-cooled heat exchanger；For
Oily recycling reaches optimum efficiency, micro air pump sampled point is arranged on negative-pressure air fan air outlet pipeline, and organic gas pumped to
On-line detector, on-line detector at least detect one or more of above data: CO, CO2, VOCs, NOx, and by data
It is transferred to system control panel, formation curve, data analysis, are detected effective of course for operation data on computer monitor
Property, the column row detection of equivalent parameters hand-held tester intermittent must be aided with.
Embodiment 2
Oil pollutant used in the embodiment of the present disclosure is from oil native (solid-state), oily wastewater gas that certain oil plant production process generates
Floating oil slick mud (semisolid), oil-containing sundries (such as cloth, grass, plastics)；Oily soil is contaminated high concentration oil-containing cohesive soil, is
Solid, moisture content 22.5%, the 34147mg/kg(C of class containing total petroleum hydrocarbon6-C9 2365mg/kg、C10-C14 5270mg/kg、C15-
C28 18200mg/kg、C29-C368312mg/kg)；Oil slick mud is semisolid, moisture content 89.2%, class containing total petroleum hydrocarbon
170058mg/kg(C6-C9 658mg/kg、C10-C14 24200mg/kg、C15-C28 93600mg/kg、C29-C36 51600mg/
Kg).
In the present embodiment, total petroleum hydrocarbon class is according to the object that amount of carbon atom is different and is detected using different detection methods
Matter, such as total petroleum hydrocarbon (C6-C9): Unite States Standard pre-treatment Puffing and trapping/detection method gas chromatography-mass spectrography USEPA
8260D-2017, total petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C36): Unite States Standard pre-treatment solvent extraction/detection method gas chromatography
USEPA 8015C-2007。
Negative pressure reverse combustion and oil recovery operating process are as follows:
(1) in the way of sorting, broken, stirring, by drying Surface hardened layer naturally, reach material particles purpose, and make
Grain.
(2) oil pollutant after being granulated is initially charged on the load bearing board 6 of negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, can be to appoint between them
What ratio mixing；Oil pollutant stores up the spacing for radiant heating element holding 50mm ~ 100mm that height surface should be generated with electricity
From.
(3) after system starting operation, oil pollutant is placed on always in negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, until purification, cooling
After be discharged.Successively starting roots blower, radiant heating element 3, hot-air are evenly distributed to by pipeline by air gas distribution part
Oil pollutant surface, is formed simultaneously range of negative pressure in the interior environment of -50Kpa, when monitoring apart from heat radiation heating member 250mm
Temperature monitor temperature rate-of-rise reach 40 DEG C/min.According to design timing, the monitoring of hand-kept different location is passed
Sensor temperature, and acquire gas and carry out CO composition detection；Data formation curve obtained later observes plots changes,
To determine heater igniting shut-in time and air blast flux regulating time and VOCs, CO gas of on-line checking negative-pressure air fan air draft
When concentration respectively reaches 50ppm, 1000ppm, when the temperature of the mixture on upper layer rises to 400 DEG C of reaction conditions, complete to cause
Igniting.When temperature of charge is increased to 1000 DEG C, the CO of on-line checking2, NO gas concentration respectively reach 0.2%, 25ppm or more,
Into the spontaneous anti-burning stage, heating member is closed, air is kept to be drawn through mixture from top to bottom, it is anti-to burn the upper layer oil pollution out of furnace
Object starts, and as the anti-boundary layer that burns promotes from top to bottom, the oil of gas phase is constantly direct by negative pressure reverse combustion furnace bottom recirculated cooling water
It is condensed into liquid phase.
(4) grease that step (3) reactor bottom generates, it is only by drain valve and draining valve respectively after water-oil separating
From discharge, the oil of draining valve discharge enters recycling storage tank；Drain valve discharge sewage enter sewage disposal system processing, it is up to standard go out
Water.
(5) continue exhausting gas supply, it is ensured that sustained response, after experimental rig is cooled to natural temperature, can uncap discharging；
Sample send third party to detect by the sampling of standard sample bag before and after the processing.Total petroleum hydrocarbon class detection data is in the present embodiment
The result of third party's detection.
Test result: after processing, the dregs moisture content 0.5% of discharge, the ND(ND of class containing total petroleum hydrocarbon is to be not detected).
Recycle the oil collected: moisture content 0.24%, the 86364000mg/kg(C of class containing total petroleum hydrocarbon6-C9 192000mg/kg、
C10-C14 66500000mg/kg、C15-C28 272000mg/kg、C29-C3619400000mg/kg), oil recovery rate 76%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, process according to the invention method and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment, which is characterized in that by negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace, negative-pressure air fan system, follow
Ring pump and its pipe-line system and cooling system composition, the negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace include furnace body, air inlet setting
At the top of furnace body, heating member be mounted on furnace internal upper part, there is the load bearing board of aperture to be mounted on lower part in furnace, described cooling is
System includes cooling zone, circulating pump, circulation pipe and air-cooled heat exchanger, and cooling zone reacts furnace bottom with negative pressure reverse combustion and is connected, cold
But area side is provided with negative pressure ventilation mouth, oil discharge outlet and discharge outlet from top to bottom, and the lower section of discharge outlet is connected to follow by circulation pipe
Ring pump, is connected using circulation pipe with air-cooled heat exchanger, and air-cooled heat exchanger liquid outlet is taken back in cooling zone by circulation pipe, is formed
Circulation, the negative pressure ventilation mouth access negative-pressure air fan.
2. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heating member is infrared
Heat radiation heating member, top 10 ~ 500mm of distance of the infrared emanation heating member, is equipped with reflecting element, and the part is towards spoke
It penetrates inside heating member and coats high temperature reflection paint, and several air holes of 5 ~ 50mm of diameter are set.
3. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the same longitudal section in furnace,
Different vertical height, is arranged two or more monitoring temperature monitors, and pressure detecting is arranged in furnace internal upper part and lower position
Instrument, and flowmeter and temperature monitor are set on circulation line, and sampled point is arranged on negative-pressure air fan air outlet pipeline.
4. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the load bearing board of the aperture
It is equipped with strainer, 10 ~ 100 mesh of sieve meshes mesh number.
5. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the air-cooled heat exchanger,
It is made of fin heat exchange pipe and hair dryer, the liquid-inlet of air-cooled heat exchanger is connected with circulating pump, and outlet, which is extend into, to cool
The cooling zone of system, the import of hair dryer connect air, and outlet is connected with the air inlet of furnace body.
6. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the hair dryer is equipped with
Motor vector frequency converter.
7. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the negative-pressure air fan is sieve
Thatch blower, high pressure centrifugal blower, vacuum pump it is one or more, negative-pressure air fan is also equipped with motor vector frequency converter.
8. oil pollutant negative pressure reverse combustion equipment described according to claim 1 ~ 7, which is characterized in that be equipped with cloth in cooling zone
Liquid pipe, liquid distributor are connected with the liquid outlet of air-cooled heat exchanger, there is spout on liquid distributor.
9. a kind of method of oil recovery, method and step are as follows:
(1) sorting is granulated: oil pollutant by screening plant, by oil pollutant >=woven bag, the colour bar cloth, stone of 50mm
Block turns the sundries such as tile and is sifted out, and after smashing and being crushed to < 50mm to pieces, is added to other liquid, semisolid and solid oils
Pollutant is mixed, and using hardening pelletizer, and assists heating and drying, the irregular mixture of formation surface drying hardening；(
2) it is packed into furnace: surface drying being hardened into irregular mixture and is seated on the load bearing board of negative pressure reverse combustion reacting furnace；(3) cause igniting:
Negative-pressure air fan is opened, the pumping of negative-pressure air fan is adjusted, air or hot-air is drawn into furnace from top, are formed simultaneously negative pressure model
It is trapped among the interior environment of -100Kpa ~ -0.1Kpa, opens heating member, when monitoring the temperature apart from 100 ~ 500mm of heat radiation heating member
Degree detector temperature rate-of-rise reaches 5 ~ 50 DEG C/min, and VOCs, CO gas concentration of on-line checking negative-pressure air fan air draft point
When not reaching 50ppm, 1000ppm, the temperature of the mixture of topmost is risen under 200 ~ 600 DEG C of reaction conditions, completes to cause
Igniting；(4) spontaneous anti-burning: when temperature of charge continues to rise to 600 ~ 2000 DEG C, the CO of on-line checking2, NO gas concentration point
When not reaching 0.1%, 20ppm or more, into the spontaneous anti-burning stage, heating member is closed, air is kept to be drawn through mixing from top to bottom
Material, anti-to burn since upper layer oil pollutant in furnace, as the anti-boundary layer that burns promotes from top to bottom, low boiling point oil gas is volatilized into
Gas phase oil after being condensed into liquid phase during being passed down through mixture area, flows out load bearing board；Thereafter higher boiling oil pollution
Object is further increased with temperature, is cracked into low molecule oil gas, is advanced downwardly with air-flow, and a part is consumed as fuel,
Another part is condensed into liquid phase oil, flows out load bearing board, and Ash residue object is deposited in discharge when discharging on anti-burning interface；
(5) refrigerated separation: it is counter to burn into during row, circulating pump is opened, the organic gas of oil is cooled down using cold water, cold water passes through air-cooled
Heat exchanger heat exchange cooling, oil are settled in cooling zone bottom, oil recovery periodically are discharged by oil discharge outlet, discharge outlet is discharged extra
Waste water.
10. the method for oil recovery according to claim 9, which is characterized in that when being packed into furnace, from reacting furnace lower part into
Material, reacting furnace upper outlet keep anti-interface of burning in the middle section of reverse burning furnace, continuously or semi-continuously instead burn oil recovery.
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| PCT/CN2020/086256 WO2020207503A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-04-23 | Negative-pressure reverse-combustion device for oil pollutants and oil recovery method |
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| CN112648619A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-13 | 华中科技大学 | Organic solid waste self-maintaining smoldering treatment method based on catalytic oxidation in furnace |
| CN114280217A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽科元精工科技发展有限公司 | Aviation fuel oil automatic ignition experimental device and experimental method thereof |
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