CN109988726B - 一种生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途 - Google Patents
一种生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途。苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10保藏号为CGMCC No:16675。其发酵液对枇杷表面常见的腐败真菌(尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌、扩展青霉)在双区平板和枇杷果品上有效的抑制效果;发酵液产生的挥发性物质在枇杷贮藏中具有防腐应用,可以推迟枇杷自然腐败的发病时间,减少发病率。利用苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10产生的挥发性抑菌物质可不直接接触果品,在常温下实现对果品的保鲜,延长食品的储存时间,可用于制备一种抑制尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌、扩展青霉等腐败菌,具有较宽抑菌谱的生防用保鲜剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类由苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10产生的挥发性抑菌物质及其对枇杷采后病害进行防治的生物技术领域。
背景技术
枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)为我国亚热带特有的水果,其果肉柔软多汁,酸甜可口,风味佳美,倍受消费者的喜爱。但枇杷采收期较短且极不耐贮藏,由于果皮较薄,在采收和运输中容易受机械损伤而出现褐变和腐烂。此外,枇杷为非呼吸跃变型果实,随着采后时间的延长,含酸量急剧下降,糖酸比失调,风味迅速变淡;在低温贮藏时,会出现果皮和果肉粘连、难以剥离、果肉由贮前的柔软多汁变为质地生硬、粗糙少汁的品质劣变现象。因此,为延长枇杷果实的贮藏寿命或货架寿命并提高其贮藏品质,在概述目前枇杷采后主要病害的基础上,本文利用芽孢杆菌来探究生物防治在此方向的应用。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)于1901年在日本被发现,1911年由柏林纳从地中海粉螟的患病幼虫中分离出来,并依其发现地点德国苏云金省而命名。苏云金芽孢杆菌与蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,Bc)同属于蜡状芽孢杆菌菌群,为自然界广泛分布的革兰阳性菌,在芽孢形成初期会形成杀虫晶体蛋白,对敏感昆虫有特异性的防治作用,因此,被作为生物杀虫剂广泛应用于农业及卫生害虫的生物防治。
近些年来,芽胞杆菌挥发性物质的研究已经成为研究热点,已有对短小芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌等菌株挥发性物质的研究报道。王静等报道,一株短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus)AR03对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)和赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)菌落、菌丝生长以及孢子萌发具有抑制作用[1]。张晓云等研究发现,枯草芽孢杆菌BAB-1挥发性抑菌物质对番茄灰霉菌有抑菌作用[2]。黄福兴等研究发现,枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2所产生的挥发性物质对木霉(Trichoderma)菌丝的生长及孢子萌发有显著的抑制作用[3]。但鲜见有关苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵液中挥发性成分的研究报道。本发明将利用苏云金芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质的拮抗性,制备一种防治枇杷采后腐败的制剂。
参考文献:
[1]王静,曹建敏,陈德鑫,邱军,王晓强,冯超,王文静.短小芽孢杆菌AR03挥发性有机物的抑菌活性及其组分分析[J].中国农业科学,2018,10:1908-1919.
[2]张晓云,鹿秀云,郭庆港,李社增,王培培,赵卫松,马平.枯草芽孢杆菌BAB-1挥发性抑菌物质对番茄灰霉菌的抑菌作用[A].中国植物病理学会2017年学术年会论文集,2017.
[3]黄福兴.枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2对病原真菌的抑制作用及其活性成分分析[D].福建农林大学,2008.
发明内容
本发明公开了一种能产生对多种枇杷病原菌具有拮抗作用的挥发性化合物的生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。利用该挥发性物质可开发出新型的食品保鲜剂。经16s rDNA菌种鉴定,该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),保藏名称为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No:16675,保藏日期为2018年11月1日。
所述菌株的单菌落菌落大、成片、不规则形状、边缘锯齿状、产黄色素。菌株在需氧性试验结果为兼性厌氧,分离自北京野生动物园采集的动物肠道内。
本发明的苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10,其16S rDNA序列长度为1449bp,具体序列如SEQID NO 1所示。
本发明的苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10,具有较广的抑菌谱,对引起枇杷采后病害的病原菌以及尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、扩展青霉、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌等病原菌都有较强的抑制效果。
所述的生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10菌株可以用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败的芽孢杆菌菌剂。
进一步的,本发明还公开了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10的发酵方法:将苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10在LB培养基中20-38℃培养10-14h;其中,培养基的初始pH为6.0-7.0,然后重复传代培养2次,然后挑取苏云金芽孢杆菌加入到含有LB液体培养基的锥形瓶中,在150-200rpm、20-38℃的摇床中振荡培养10-14h。
利用上述发酵方法发酵可以获得发酵液。所述的发酵液在室温下即可正常地产生挥发性化合物。
所述的发酵液可用于防治枇杷采后腐败,如制备防治枇杷采后腐败制剂的应用。
本发明所述苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株可用于防治枇杷采后腐败,如可用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败制剂中的应用。
本发明还公开了一种防治枇杷采后腐败的保鲜剂(芽孢杆菌菌剂),其包括所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10,或者包括云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)BCN10的发酵液。
本发明还公开了一种防治枇杷采后腐败的方法,包括如下:
1)将权利要求1所述菌株接种于LB培养基中得培养液,或使用权利要求5所述发酵液;稀释培养液或发酵液,使得菌浓度为107-1010CFU/mL;
2)将枇杷与步骤1)中稀释后的培养液或发酵液按照1kg:0.2L的比例放在同一密闭空间进行熏蒸,保持80%-95%的相对湿度,置于20-38℃下保藏。
本发明所述的挥发性物质有以下特点:
1.苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10菌株具有较广的抑菌谱,对多种枇杷病原菌的生长有抑制作用。
2.苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10菌株耐热、耐旱,最佳发酵温度为20-38℃,可以在常温下对果品进行防腐。
3.此菌剂生产工艺简单、周期短,便于工业化生产和运输。
4.利用苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10产生的挥发性抑菌物质可不直接接触果品,实现对果品的保鲜,延长食品的储存时间。
附图说明
图1苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10与相似菌株16S rDNA序列的NJ系统发育树;
图2 BCN10产生的挥发性物质对5种霉菌病斑直径的影响;
图3 BCN10产生的挥发性物质对5种霉菌发病率的影响。
具体实施方式
PDA培养基:200g去皮马铃薯、20g葡萄糖、20g琼脂、1L水。
LB培养基:10g氯化钠、10g胰蛋白胨、5g酵母浸出物、15g琼脂、1L水。
(一)苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的挥发性物质对枇杷常见腐败菌的体外抑制效应:
1.菌种鉴定方法
形态学特征和生理生化试验:根据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》和《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》,对分离得到的菌株进行理化性状测定,结果如表1。
16S rDNA序列比对及系统发育分析:测序后将测序结果输入NCBI进行同源性分析。利用Mega软件进行比对,构建进化树,重复次数为1000次。其鉴定结果如图1。
表1生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的形态观察
菌株通过16S rDNA序列比对,与已知菌株苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)ATCC 10792(NR_114581.1)的16S rDNA同源性最高,结合菌体形态、菌落特征及生理生化指标的测定结果,将其鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10。
2.苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备
活化及制备:将苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10在LB培养基中37℃培养12h。然后重复传代培养2次,用接种环挑取适量菌于盛有50mL LB液体培养基的250mL锥形瓶,在150rpm、37℃的摇床中振荡培养12h,适量稀释发酵液使得菌浓度为107-1010CFU/mL,待用。
3.病原菌:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeriasp.)、深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),分离于自然腐烂的枇杷,经过ITSDNA鉴定确定其种属。
活化和制备:分别用接种环挑一环致病霉菌,接入PDA试管斜面的培养基上,在25℃培养3-7d,重复传代培养2次。
4.病原菌对生防用芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质的体外敏感性
在中间带有隔板的平皿中,一边移取200μL上述制备好的107-1010CFU/mL的苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10发酵液于LB培养基上,用灭菌后的涂布棒涂布均匀,待其表面干燥;一边分别接种5种霉菌于PDA培养基上,将平板置于25℃下培养。做3组平行,用涂布无菌生理盐水的LB培养基做对照,72h后观测抑菌效果,来分析生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌的活性成分分别对枇杷霉菌的平板抑制作用。
5.实验结果如表2所示
表2苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10产生的挥发性物质对霉菌的抑制效果
注:---无抑制效果;+抑制效果弱,菌落半径抑制率10%以下,影响真菌菌丝生长;++抑菌效果明显,菌落半径抑制率10%-20%之间;+++抑制效果显著,菌落半径抑制率20%以上;三次重复取平均。
在体外实验中,从上述表中可以看出,生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的挥发性物质能抑制葡萄座腔菌、扩展青霉、深绿木霉,胶孢炭疽菌的菌落生长,特别对葡萄座腔菌的抑制率达到70%;对尖孢镰刀菌虽然没有菌落半径上的明显抑制作用,但是尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝明显畸形,严重交联,节间变短、扭曲,分叉增多,形成树状集结,颜色加深,说明苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的挥发性物质对其仍旧有抑制作用。说明此苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10是一种具有较宽抑菌谱的生防用菌。
(二)苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的挥发性物质对枇杷腐败菌的体内抑制效果:
1.枇杷的预处理:选取无机械损伤、未感染、大小和成熟度基本一致的同一批次的枇杷,用0.2%次氯酸钠浸泡消毒1-2min,用自来水冲洗干净。用灭菌后的打孔器在其表面分别打孔(直径为5mm,深3mm),待用。
2.把接种了苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的LB平板放在塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,放入37℃下培养12h,备用。
3.病原菌:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeriasp.)、深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),分离于自然腐烂的枇杷,经过ITSDNA鉴定确定其种属。
活化和制备:分别用接种环挑一环致病霉菌,接入PDA试管斜面的培养基上,在25℃培养3-7d,重复传代培养2次。取霉菌斜面一支,用接种针勾取少量菌,溶于含2mL无菌生理盐水的离心管中,将其混合均匀后,在显微镜下用血球计数板对其进行计数,霉菌悬液通过计算及稀释使其最终孢子浓度为104CFU/mL。
4.向枇杷的伤口内加入20μL 104CFU/mL的霉菌孢子悬液,等处理过的枇杷伤口处干燥,将这些处理过的枇杷放在有芽孢杆菌平板的塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,以保持湿度,并将其置于25℃下保藏。做3组平行,用不接种芽孢杆菌的LB平板做对照,48h后每天定时对枇杷伤口病害发生率和病斑直径进行观察和统计,连续观察5d,结果以平均病斑直径(mm)或抑制率(%)表示。
5.苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10产生的挥发性物质对平均病斑直径(mm)和抑制率(%)的抑制结果分别如图2和如图3所示。
苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10产生的挥发性物质在枇杷上对五种霉菌的生长都有显著的抑制效果,并且都能在一定程度上有效推迟发病时间。
有效成分在枇杷体内对霉菌的拮抗性要高于在体外实验中的拮抗效果,是由于苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10产生的挥发性物质不仅含有多种抗菌物质,还可以诱导植物产生抗病性。
(三)苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10挥发性物质对枇杷自然腐败的抑制效果:
1.枇杷的预处理:选取无机械损伤、未感染、大小和成熟度基本一致的同一批次的枇杷,简单去除表面的污渍,不需要清洗和消毒,待用。
2.把接种了苏云金芽孢杆菌BCN10的LB平板放在塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,放入37℃下培养12h,备用。
3.将枇杷放在有芽孢杆菌平板的塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,以保持湿度,并将其置于25℃下保藏。做3组平行,用不接种芽孢杆菌的平板做对照,每天定时对枇杷病害发生率进行观察和统计。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10的挥发性物质能有效抑制枇杷病害的发病率,能延长枇杷货架期,至少能推迟枇杷发病4日,有较好的应用。
序列表
<110> 浙江大学
<120> 一种生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1449
<212> DNA
<213> 苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)
<400> 1
aggctgcgct gctatactgc agtcgagcga atggattaag agcttgctct tatgaagtta 60
gcggcggacg ggtgagtaac acgtgggtaa cctgcccata agactgggat aactccggga 120
aaccggggct aataccggat aacattttga actgcatggt tcgaaattga aaggcggctt 180
cggctgtcac ttatggatgg acccgcgtcg cattagctag ttggtgaggt aacggctcac 240
caaggcaacg atgcgtagcc gacctgagag ggtgatcggc cacactggga ctgagacacg 300
gcccagactc ctacgggagg cagcagtagg gaatcttccg caatggacga aagtctgacg 360
gagcaacgcc gcgtgagtga tgaaggcttt cgggtcgtaa aactctgttg ttagggaaga 420
acaagtgcta gttgaataag ctggcacctt gacggtacct aaccagaaag ccacggctaa 480
ctacgtgcca gcagccgcgg taatacgtag gtggcaagcg ttatccggaa ttattgggcg 540
taaagcgcgc gcaggtggtt tcttaagtct gatgtgaaag cccacggctc aaccgtggag 600
ggtcattgga aactgggaga cttgagtgca gaagaggaaa gtggaattcc atgtgtagcg 660
gtgaaatgcg tagagatatg gaggaacacc agtggcgaag gcgactttct ggtctgtaac 720
tgacactgag gcgcgaaagc gtggggagca aacaggatta gataccctgg tagtccacgc 780
cgtaaacgat gagtgctaag tgttagaggg tttccgccct ttagtgctga agttaacgca 840
ttaagcactc cgcctgggga gtacggccgc aaggctgaaa ctcaaaggaa ttgacggggg 900
cccgcacaag cggtggagca tgtggttaat tcgaagcaac gcgaagaacc ttaccaggtc 960
ttgacatcct ctgaaaaccc tagagatagg gcttctcctt cgggagcaga gtgacaggtg 1020
gtgcatggtt gtcgtcagct cgtgtcgtga gatgttgggt taagtcccgc aacgagcgca 1080
acccttgatc ttagttgcca tcattaagtt gggcactcta aggtgactgc cggtgacaaa 1140
ccggaggaag gtggggatga cgtcaaatca tcatgcccct tatgacctgg gctacacacg 1200
tgctacaatg gacggtacaa agagctgcaa gaccgcgagg tggagctaat ctcataaaac 1260
cgttctcagt tcggattgta ggctgcaact cgcctacatg aagctggaat cgctagtaat 1320
cgcggatcag catgccgcgg tgaatacgtt cccgggcctt gtacacaccg cccgtcacac 1380
cacgagagtt tgtaacaccc gaagtcggtg gggtaacctt tttggagcca gccgcctaag 1440
tcacagatt 1449
Claims (7)
1.一种生防用苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株,其特征在于:其保藏名称为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No: 16675,保藏日期为2018年11月1日。
2.一种如权利要求1所述菌株的发酵方法,其特征在于:
1) 将苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10在LB培养基中20-38 ℃培养10-14 h;其中,培养基的初始pH为6.0-7.0,然后重复传代培养2次,
2) 挑取苏云金芽孢杆菌加入到含有LB液体培养基的容器中,在150-200 rpm、20-38℃的摇床中振荡培养10-14 h。
3.一种如权利要求2所述发酵方法发酵获得的发酵液,其特征在于所述发酵液为步骤2)培养过程获得的发酵液。
4.权利要求1所述苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败制剂中的应用。
5.权利要求3所述发酵液用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败制剂的应用。
6.一种防治枇杷采后腐败的保鲜剂,其特征在于包括权利要求1所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)BCN10,或者包括权利要求3所述的发酵液。
7.一种防治枇杷采后腐败的方法,其特征在于:
1)将权利要求1所述菌株接种于LB培养基中得培养液,或使用权利要求3所述发酵液;稀释培养液或发酵液,使得菌浓度为107-1010 CFU/mL;
2)将枇杷与步骤1)中稀释后的培养液或发酵液按照1 kg:0.2 L的比例放在同一密闭空间进行熏蒸,保持80 %-95 %的相对湿度,置于20-38 ℃下保藏。
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