CN109942864B - Intelligent material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109942864B CN109942864B CN201910212140.8A CN201910212140A CN109942864B CN 109942864 B CN109942864 B CN 109942864B CN 201910212140 A CN201910212140 A CN 201910212140A CN 109942864 B CN109942864 B CN 109942864B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002520 smart material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012942 water-based acrylic adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The utility model provides an intelligent material contains three layer construction, is the pet layer respectively, printing ink layer and acrylic acid layer are located the both sides on pet layer, under the illumination condition, this acrylic acid layer can not only play cooling effect through the evaporation of water, but also the induced volume change produces the drive, when closing the light, because the high hydrophilicity of acrylic acid, this light and heat drive intelligent material can resume original state fast again, have that response time is short, braking amplitude is big, the fast advantage of braking speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent driving material science, and particularly relates to a photoresponse type intelligent driving material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In nature, many animals and plants exhibit multi-modal motion capabilities such as flapping of wings of birds and insects, hygroscopic seed spreading, tendril curling of climbing plants, etc. using asymmetric expansion of a double-layered structure, inspired by these natural organisms, artificial bimorph-based actuators have been studied, and soft robots, intelligent control and motor systems, etc. have been developed based on such smart materials.
Most conventional dual-layer photo-thermal actuators are composed of a thermally-expanding layer and a passive layer, and the actuator bends to the passive layer under heat generated by light irradiation due to a mismatch in Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE). Researchers have attempted to increase the bending speed and the bending amplitude of bimorph actuators, decreasing the response time, by reducing the difference in CTE or the temperature difference between the two layers and reducing the thickness, which, although few successful examples have been reported, still cannot be put into practice due to limitations in the bending speed, the bending amplitude and the symmetrical reversibility of the optothermal actuator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention designs a photo-thermal driving intelligent material with a three-layer structure, which is characterized in that compared with the traditional double-layer photo-thermal driver, the photo-thermal driving intelligent material also comprises a cooling layer, namely an Acrylic layer (Acrylic), under the illumination condition, the Acrylic layer generates driving through the volume change induced by the water evaporation, when the light is closed, the photo-thermal driving intelligent material can quickly recover the original state due to the high hydrophilicity of Acrylic acid, and the driving process is shown in figure 1, so that the photo-thermal driving intelligent material has the advantages of short response time and large braking amplitude.
The photo-thermal driving intelligent material comprises an ink layer (ink), a pet layer and an Acrylic acid layer (Acrylic), wherein the ink layer and the Acrylic acid layer are compounded on two sides of the pet layer respectively to form a structure IPTA-X, the thickness of the Acrylic acid layer is X, and the unit is mu m. When X =0, the double-layer photo-thermal driver without the acrylic layer is obtained.
The ink layer is prepared by dissolving a certain amount of carbon black and polyurethane in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and acetone. The ink layer has strong photo-thermal effect, strong light absorption capacity and wider absorption spectrum. As shown in FIG. 2, at 100mW cm-2Under the irradiation of Near Infrared (NIR), the ink layer has stronger absorption at 400-2600nm, and under the same irradiation condition, the pet layer and the acrylic layer have almost no absorption in the whole wavelength range.
The acrylic layer is prepared by spin-coating a water-based acrylic adhesive on pet side, and mainly plays a synergistic role in cooling and volume shrinkage, so that bending braking is realized, and the maximum curvature (K) is used for evaluating the actuating performance of the photo-thermal driving intelligent material under NIR irradiation because the bending condition of the photo-thermal driving intelligent material under the NIR irradiation is not a circular arc structure, as shown in figure 3, the temperature and curvature change conditions of a traditional double-layer photo-thermal driving material IPTA-0 without an acrylic layer and a three-layer photo-thermal driving material IPTA-2 with the thickness of 2 mu m under the light irradiation condition are shown, and as can be seen from the figure, the temperature and curvature change conditions under the light irradiation condition are 150 mW cm-2Upon NIR irradiation, IPAT-2 is heated from 25.0 to 34.9 ℃ in 0.36s to 7.6 cm-1The plateau curvature of (1), corresponding to 21.1 cm -1 s-1Then returns to the initial state within 0.44s, and IPTA-0 is at a temperature difference of 20 DEG CThen it reaches 5 cm-1The platform curvature and the response time are about 0.2s slower, which proves the important function of the acrylic layer in the three-layer photo-thermal driving material to realize rapid and large-amplitude bending braking.
In order to research the mechanism of temperature change and acrylic acid layer volume shrinkage in bending driving, theoretical analysis is carried out on three-layer and double-layer photo-thermal driving structures, the temperature change of a driver caused by light intensity and irradiation time is specifically quantified by transient heat transfer analysis, factors such as irradiation light of reaction surface heat flux, heat-convection relation with surrounding air, energy conservation and the like are comprehensively considered, a simple expression of the temperature change is deduced, and a calculation formula S1 is established as follows:
wherein，P is the light intensity, ci，ρiAnd d iThe specific heat capacity, the volume mass density and the thickness of the ith layer are respectively; h iscIs the convective heat transfer coefficient of air, and since IPAT-2 and IPAT-0 are in a stationary state, the convective heat transfer coefficient is selected to be 10W (m)2 K)-1。
The bending of the IPAT-0 dual-layer photothermal driving material is caused by thermal expansion mismatch between different layers when heated due to light irradiation, and in addition to the bending actuation mechanism of IPAT-0, the thermal shrinkage of the acrylic layer due to water loss when heated also significantly enhances the bending actuation performance of IPAT-2. To quantitatively investigate these mechanisms, thermomechanical analysis was performed using classical quaternary mustache beam theory and finite element modeling (Abaqus). The strain and stress distributions in the i-th layer were derived using the quarternary muisco beam theory, assuming perfect bonding between the layers and uniform temperature distribution, as calculated by equations S2 and S3,
wherein z isiIs the coordinate in the thickness direction, ΔTIs a change in temperature, EiAndithe young's modulus and CTE of the ith layer, respectively. By fitting the original linear portion to each portion of the stress-strain curve, the Young's moduli of pet, IPAT-0 and PAB (pet-acrylic bilayer) were found to be 5.0,2.2 and 5.3GPa, respectively. The modulus of each layer is then calculated using the mixing rule for the composite, i.e., the formula S4:
E H = 
, S4
wherein E isHIs the effective modulus of the composite film, fiAnd EiThe volume fraction and young's modulus of the ith component, respectively. Thus, the Young's moduli of the ink layer, pet layer and acrylic layer were calculated to be 4.6GPa, 5.3GPa and 23.7MPa, respectively
Other constants are determined by the calculations S5 and S6:
wherein,d i is the firstiThe thickness of the layer.
A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the photothermal driving material was built using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software Abaqus to calculate the curvature. The IPAT-2 bending brake model is shown in FIG. 4. An 8-node brick element of the C3D8R type was used, an ultra-fine element size of 0.2 microns in the thickness direction was used to ensure accuracy, in order to induce bending deformation, a uniform temperature field with a linear ramp profile of T = 9.9 ℃ was applied, the resulting bending deformation and stress distribution was calculated as shown in fig. 5, based on the irregular geometry of the driving material.
Fig. 6 shows experimental data of the photothermal driving material IPAT-2 and the variation of the quaternary muisco beam theory and finite element simulation (FEA), and the results show that the theoretical data and the experimental data are well matched.
The photo-thermal three-layer thin-film driver with the built-in cooling layer is cooled by water evaporation during illumination heating, and is accompanied with volume shrinkage and bending braking. Compared with an equivalent double-layer actuator without a cooling layer, the photo-thermal three-layer intelligent driving material has shorter response time and larger bending amplitude under smaller temperature change under the same irradiation condition; by carrying out theoretical analysis on the braking mechanism, experimental data and theoretical data are found to be well matched, and perfect theoretical research and data support are provided for applying the three-layer concept to various driver related devices and realizing the conversion from intelligent control to artificial intelligence in the future.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the light responsive actuation of the smart actuation material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the absorption spectra of an ink layer, a pet layer and an Acrylic layer in the intelligent driving material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending curvature and the temperature change of IPTA-0 and IPTA-2 under the illumination condition in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a finite element model of IPTA-2 in the present invention;
FIG. 5 FEA analysis of the present invention in the case of bending braking of IPTA-2 with temperature change;
FIG. 6 is a graph of temperature-curvature variation obtained from IPTA-2 experimental measurements and theoretical calculations in the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a graph of the variation of bending brake of IPTA-2 under light irradiation conditions;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the change in curvature for different acrylic thicknesses.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The preparation method of the intelligent material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a PET film having a thickness of 1.6 μm was attached to glass using a double-sided tape, a certain amount of ink slurry was dropped on one side of the PET film, uniformly spin-coated at 3000r/min, and then naturally dried to form an ink layer (1.5 μm). The ink is prepared by dissolving carbon black (3-5%) and polyurethane (30%) in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and acetone (20%/80%).
Step two: an acrylic layer having a thickness of 2 μm was prepared in the form of spin coating by spin coating a water-based acrylic adhesive on the other side of the pet film, to obtain IPAT-2.
FIG. 7 shows a signal at 150 mWcm-2And in the case of IPAT-2 photo-thermal driving under NIR irradiation, the wavelength is 760nm-2600nm, the size of an IPAT-2 photo-thermal driver is 10mm multiplied by 1mm, and when the light is turned on, IPTA-2 finishes bending driving within 0.4s and then returns to the original state within 0.4s, so that the response time is short and the driving amplitude is good.
In order to study the effect of acrylic thickness on the driving effect of photothermal driving material, the curvature change of (0, 3,7,15 μm) was tested at different acrylic thicknesses, as shown in fig. 8, the thickness of the acrylic layer has a great effect on the actuating performance, the curvature increases and then decreases with the increase of the acrylic thickness, and the curvature of the acrylic layer is changed to a parabola shape, and when the thickness of the acrylic layer is about 4 μm, the curvature of the acrylic layer is maximum and is 8.4cm-1. When the thickness of the acrylic layer is too large (15 μm), the bending amplitude decreases due to a smaller temperature change, and this tendency of change is closer to the theoretical calculation.
In addition, other changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the relevant art according to the technical scheme of the invention, and the changes and modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention are all included in the protection scope of the technical scheme.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The intelligent material is characterized by comprising three layers of structures, namely an ink layer, a pet layer and an acrylic layer, wherein the acrylic layer and the ink layer are respectively positioned on two sides of the pet layer, the thickness of the acrylic layer is 2-12 mu m, and the ink layer is prepared by dissolving carbon black and polyurethane in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and acetone.
2. A method for preparing the smart material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) attaching a PET film on a glass plate by using a double-sided adhesive tape, dripping a small amount of ink slurry on one side of the PET film, uniformly coating, and naturally drying to form an ink layer;
(2) the pet film was peeled off from the glass plate, and the other side was coated with an aqueous acrylic adhesive, and after natural drying, an acrylic layer was formed, to obtain a photothermal driving material IPAT-X having a three-layer structure, where X is the acrylic thickness in μm.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the coating is spin coating at a speed of 3000 r/min.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105017698A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-11-04 | 付国东 | Photo-thermal response type intelligent energy-saving composite film |
| CN108774441A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-09 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of aluminium base polymer composite film of thermal sensitivity and preparation method thereof |
| CN108938089A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-12-07 | 新加坡国立大学 | The manufacturing method of soft robot |
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2019
- 2019-03-20 CN CN201910212140.8A patent/CN109942864B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105017698A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-11-04 | 付国东 | Photo-thermal response type intelligent energy-saving composite film |
| CN108938089A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-12-07 | 新加坡国立大学 | The manufacturing method of soft robot |
| CN108774441A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-09 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of aluminium base polymer composite film of thermal sensitivity and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "Dual-Mechanism and Multimotion Soft Actuators Based on Commercial Plastic Film";Linpeng Li et al.;《ACS applied materials & interfaces》;20180416;第10卷;第15122-15128页 * |
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