CN109881467A - Ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit and method - Google Patents
Ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit and methods.Ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit includes: microwave reaction unit comprising at least one microwave cavity continued through for fibrinogen and the fiber entry and fiber outlet that connect with the microwave cavity；Microwave generating unit comprising be at least capable of providing the microwave generator of irradiating microwaves, the microwave of the microwave generator output can carry out microwave irradiation processing to by the intracorporal fibrinogen of the microwave cavity.Microwave technology is applied to long stapled continuous processing by the present invention, realize working continuously for fibrinogen crosslinking curing and/or firing etc., simultaneously because the characteristics of microwave integrally heats is utilized, efficiency is improved, the inherent shortcomings such as the efficiency that overcomes the prior art and equipment of realizing same processing intent is low, cannot work continuously；The device substantially reduces the processing time, improves production efficiency, has saved mass energy, has important practical application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is more particularly directed to a kind of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit and methods, belong to the preparation of ceramic fibre
Technical field.
Background technique
In recent years, ceramic fibre (oxide fibre or non-oxidized substance fiber) manufacturing technology achieves significant progress.Its
Main driving energy source is in the fields such as aerospace and high temperature insulating to high-performance fiber (high intensity, high temperature resistant, high-modulus etc.)
Demand.
Although different types of ceramic fibre manufacturing process is different, mostly it is elder generation by collosol and gel, solution or contains
The slurry of volatile component, or fibrinogen is obtained through spinning process by preceramic polymer, then in certain temperature and atmosphere
Under the conditions of the processing such as be dried, solidify, be crosslinked, being modified, be finally converted into ceramic fibre using controllable sintering process.
The price of high-performance ceramic fiber is relatively high, wherein highly complex technical process accounts for sizable specific gravity.
Meanwhile complicated technique also causes the performance of fiber and quality to be difficult to stability contorting.Drying, crosslinking, solidification or the burning of fibrinogen
At this process is mostly realized using heating equipments such as baking oven and/or kilns by batch processing in the past.One side of such methods
Face due to using conduction and Convective Heating to cause efficiency low, at high cost, on the other hand make related process link become discontinuously or
It knocks off condition, influences the continuity of entire production process and the stability of properties of product.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit and method, present invention benefits
Fibrinogen is dried with microwave (single mold microwave), crosslinking curing and/or firing processing, realizes and the efficient of fibrinogen is added
Heat and continuous processing, to overcome deficiency in the prior art.
For realization aforementioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing units comprising:
Microwave reaction unit comprising at least one microwave cavity continued through for fibrinogen and with the microwave
The fiber entry and fiber outlet of cavity connection；
Microwave generating unit comprising be at least capable of providing the microwave generator of irradiating microwaves, the microwave generator is defeated
Microwave out can carry out microwave irradiation processing to by the intracorporal fibrinogen of the microwave cavity.
Specifically, microwave reaction unit can be a microwave cavity, it also may include more than two concatenated microwave cavities
Body；More than two microwave cavities are connected in series, i.e., two adjacent microwave cavities can be by making the fibre of a microwave cavity
Dimension entrance (fiber outlet) is connect with the fiber outlet (fiber entry) of another microwave cavity.
Further, the microwave cavity is resonant cavity.
Further, the microwave cavity is single mold microwave resonant cavity.
Further, the shape of the microwave cavity can be cylindrical, rectangular or other shapes.
Further, the material of the microwave cavity is conductive metal, for example, microwave cavity material can be it is a kind of or
More than one conductive metal or metal alloy, such as aluminium, stainless steel, brass etc., but not limited to this.
Further, the fiber entry and fiber outlet are oppositely arranged on the both ends of microwave cavity.
Further, the irradiating microwaves are single mold microwave.
Further, the microwave generator includes microwave power supply and magnetron, alternatively, the microwave generator includes micro-
Wave oscillator, adjustable attenuator and solid-state microwave amplifier, the adjustable attenuator respectively with microwave oscillator, solid state microwave
Amplifier connection.
Specifically, microwave generator utilizes the microwave of electric energy production certain frequency and power；Specifically, can be according to device
Processing capacity requirement, the factors such as the composition of fibrinogen, characteristic and dielectric loss factor determine the output power of microwave generator.
In some more specific embodiments, the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit further include: micro-
Wave transmission unit, the microwave transmission unit are connect with microwave generating unit, microwave reaction unit respectively, and for sending out microwave
The irradiating microwaves that raw device provides are transmitted to microwave reaction unit.
In some more specific embodiments, the microwave transmission unit includes through waveguide annular interconnected
Device, impedance matching adjuster and coupler (such as Fig. 1)；Or the microwave transmission unit includes through coaxial line ring interconnected
Shape device and coupler (such as Fig. 2).
In some more specific embodiments, the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit further include: letter
Cease acquisition unit comprising at least obtain the intracorporal electric field strength of microwave cavity, the temperature of fibrinogen, microwave reactor for acquiring
Input power and output power sensor.The type and quantity of sensor can be according to the controllable input style of microwave generator
It is determined with quantity and the detectable reaction process variable of processed fibrinogen, microwave reactor and parameter, such as can be only
There is infrared radiation thermometer, also may include infrared radiation thermometer and field strength sensor, can also include infrared radiation thermometer, incident reflection function
Rate sensor etc..
Further, the information acquisition unit includes that infrared radiation thermometer, field strength sensor and incident reflection power pass
Sensor.
In some more specific embodiments, the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit further include: control
Unit processed, described control unit are connect with microwave generating unit, information acquisition unit.
Specifically, control unit may include microcomputer, memory, sensor signal input interface, control signal output connect
The communication interface and man-machine interface etc. of mouth and host computer and the other systems of fiberline.The main function of microcomputer is basis
Sensor output signal and control algolithm determine the control signal of output, then will control signal by controlling signal output interface
It is fed to magnetron, microwave oscillator, adjustable attenuator or preamplifier etc., the working condition of microwave generator is adjusted, makes
Microwave mode, microwave frequency, microwave power in controlled variable such as temperature, microwave cavity is consistent with setting value or dbjective state；
Communication interface be used for other devices exchange information, keep the operating condition of device consistent with other equipment coordinations；Man-machine interface is used
In setting device operating parameter, display control program input/output signal size and variation tendency etc.；Memory is for saving dress
It sets operation data, process management easy to process and subsequent analysis processing is carried out to device operation data.Wherein control unit uses
General switching software, control program etc. can write using commodity software or voluntarily, wherein the hardware used can be by commercially available
It obtains.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of methods of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing comprising:
The ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit is provided；The mode of device work is to enter fibrinogen through fiber
Mouth and fiber outlet continue through the microwave cavity, and using single mold microwave to the fibrinogen for passing through the microwave reaction unit
Carry out microwave irradiation processing.
Further, the microwave irradiation processing is in air atmosphere or protective gas (such as nitrogen or inert gas) gas
It is carried out under atmosphere.
Further, the microwave irradiation processing includes at least one of heating, drying, crosslinking curing, firing.
Compared with prior art, single mold microwave technology is applied to long stapled continuous processing by the present invention, realizes fibril
Dimension crosslinking curing and/or firing etc. are worked continuously, simultaneously because the characteristics of microwave integrally heats is utilized, improve efficiency,
It overcomes and realizes the inherent shortcomings such as the efficiency of the same processing intent prior art and equipment is low, cannot work continuously；The device is big
The processing time is shortened greatly, production efficiency is improved, has saved mass energy, and there is important practical application value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit in the embodiment of the present invention 2 and embodiment 3
Figure；
Fig. 3 is multiple concatenated structural schematic diagrams of microwave cavity in the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Specific embodiment
In view of deficiency in the prior art, inventor is studied for a long period of time and is largely practiced, and is able to propose of the invention
Technical solution.It as follows will be further to works such as the technical solution, its implementation process and principles in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment
Explanation.
Precursor pyrolysis and hot pressing is a kind of common ceramic fibre manufacturing process, and general process is first by precursor through melting
Spinning obtains fibrinogen, and (also referred to as spun filament, as-spun fibre, spun, protofilament, precursor etc., we are referred to as here
Fibrinogen), or fibrinogen is obtained by extruder using sol gel process；Then make original by the modes such as heating, aoxidizing
Fiber crosslinking curing；Most ceramic fibre is obtained through high temperature pyrolysis afterwards.
Either oxide ceramic fibre or on-oxide ceramic fibre reduce its manufacturing cost, improve product
Quality is very important two aspects, and realizes that the serialization manufactured is to reduce a key factor of cost, cost
Reduction and the raising of quality will be enlarged by the application range of ceramic fibre and open have the application market of great demand to usage amount,
Such as chemical industry, automobile, resistance to (every) heat structure.
Compared with traditional processing method, microwave treatment has apparent advantage, and heat is directly generated in material internal, material
Material heats from inside to outside, does not need conduction and convection current, relevant device do not need to heat, fiber surface is unaffected.Due to micro-
The effect of wave can move to fiber molecule and bring additional translational and rotational movement, therefore a possibility that increase intermolecular cross-linking
And chance, intermolecular crosslinking can be promoted.
The small variation of ceramic fibre manufacturing process and parameter can cause the microstructure and mechanical performance of these fibers
Great change the energy work rate for acting on reactant can quickly be controlled by means of microwave technology, eliminate tradition
Heat transfer and the temperature-responsive as caused by existing purely retarded between control amount variation and temperature-responsive of Convective Heating mode are stagnant
Phenomenon afterwards, by selecting suitable microwave parameters, can not only add so as to realize the quick real-time control to reaction temperature
Fast response speed, can also the progress such as crosslinking curing to fiber and firing the reaction process degree of cross linking, the grain growth that are related to more
Good control, to be conducive to the raising of the stabilization and properties of product of product quality.
Embodiment 1
Ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, it is mainly made of three parts:
First part is that microwave occurs and hop (microwave generation portion point i.e. aforementioned microwave generating unit, microwave transmission
Part is aforementioned microwave transmission unit, similarly hereinafter), including magnetron 21, circulator 22, fictitious load 23, impedance matching adjuster 24
With coupler 25, circulator 22 is connect with magnetron 21, fictitious load 23, impedance matching adjuster 24 respectively, and impedance matching is adjusted
Device 24 is also connect with coupler 25, and coupler 25 is also connect with microwave cavity 1；Wherein magnetron 21 is microwave generator, master
It is used to generate the microwave of fixed frequency；Circulator 22 will reflect mainly for the protection of magnetron 21 from microwave cavity 1
Microwave import fictitious load 23 so that magnetron 21 is protected from reflected microwave and influences；Fictitious load 23 is anti-for absorbing
It is emitted back towards the microwave come, the microwave energy that fictitious load 23 absorbs is taken away by cooling system and (cooling system is not shown in Fig. 1)；Impedance
It is mainly used for adjusting the impedance matching condition between microwave transmission part and microwave reactor with adjuster 24, so as to reflect
Microwave power it is few as far as possible；Coupler 25 is mainly used for microwave coupling into microwave reactor.
Second part is microwave reactor, including microwave cavity 1, fiber entry 11, fiber outlet 12；Wherein, microwave cavity
Body 1 is made of high conductivity metal material (such as aluminium, brass, stainless steel).Microwave cavity is single mode cavity, and inside dimension is by transporting
Required microwave frequency and microwave mode determine that the intracorporal direction of an electric field of microwave cavity is parallel to microwave cavity when device works when row
Axis, and electric field strength is maximized on the axis of microwave cavity.
Third part is measurement and control system (information acquisition unit i.e. above-mentioned and control unit), including infrared survey
Warm instrument 7, control system 8；Wherein, infrared radiation thermometer 7 is used to measure the temperature of fiber, and sends temperature signal to control system
(mainly temperature control system)；Control system is made of microcomputer, input/output interface, man-machine interface etc., and control system receives
Fiber temperature signal from infrared radiation thermometer finds out control signal according to control algolithm, and control signal is then fed to magnetic
Keyholed back plate, the microwave power of control magnetron output, to keep the actual temperature of fiber consistent with set temperature.
The course of work handled based on the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit fibrinogen includes: poly-
Carbon silane (PCS) is after the ejection of melt spinning mouth, and PCS fiber (or fibre bundle being made of a plurality of PCS fiber) 100 is via fibre
Dimension entrance enters the microwave cavity 1 of microwave reactor, shines in the microwave by receiving microwave generator during microwave cavity
It penetrates, PCS fiber is heated to 140-210 DEG C in air atmosphere, then leaves processing unit by fiber outlet.In PCS fiber
When in microwave cavity, is occurred by microwave and hop imports the intracorporal microwave of microwave cavity and PCS fiber interaction, together
When oxygen presence promote fiber to complete solidification crosslinking, measurement and control system persistently detect the temperature of fiber in microwave cavity,
And according between fiber set temperature and actual temperature error and control algolithm calculate magnetron power control signal, control
The microwave output power of magnetron is consistent the actual temperature of temperature measuring point with set temperature.
Embodiment 2
Ceramic fibre microwave continuous processing unit in the present embodiment is entire to fill as shown in Fig. 2, its is similar to Example 1
It sets and still occurs to form with hop, microwave reactor and measurement and three parts of control system by microwave, with implementation
1 difference of example has the following:
First, microwave generator is mainly made of microwave oscillator 31, adjustable attenuator 32 and solid-state microwave amplifier 33,
Adjustable attenuator 32 is connect with microwave oscillator 31, solid-state microwave amplifier 33 respectively.Wherein, the output frequency of microwave oscillator 31
Rate is adjustable, and the output frequency of the frequency control signal adjustment microwave oscillator using control system output；Adjustable attenuator master
It is used to control the amplitude of the microwave signal of microwave oscillator output, is within the scope of microwave amplifier permission；It is micro-
Twt amplifier is made of solid-state devices, exports microwave power after microwave signal is amplified；Microwave in the present embodiment occurs and passes
Impedance matching adjuster is not used in hop in defeated part, circulator 22 is directly connect with coupler 25, solid state microwave
Amplifier 33 is connect with circulator 22, and circulator 22 is also connect with fictitious load 23.
Second, measurement and control system are also measured in microwave cavity by field strength sensor other than measuring fiber temperature
The distribution of electric field strength, control system determine that frequency controls according to control algolithm using temperature signal and field intensity signal respectively
Signal and power control signal.
The course of work handled based on the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit fibrinogen includes: oxygen
To change Aluminum sol to squeeze out from spinneret orifice, the long fibre (can be regarded as aforementioned fibrinogen) of formation enters microwave cavity 1 by fiber entry,
By receiving microwave irradiation when microwave cavity 1, processing unit is then left by fiber outlet 12.It is in microwave cavity in fiber
When, the microwave and long fibre imported in microwave cavity by microwave generation and hop interacts, and gelation occurs for colloidal sol precursor
Transformation；Measurement and control system persistently detect the temperature of fiber and field strength state in microwave cavity, if actual temperature and setting temperature
Degree has deviation, then control system adjusts the size of power control signal according to control algolithm, and the output by changing attenuator is believed
Number so control microwave amplifier output power, be consistent actual temperature with set temperature；If microwave cavity is intracorporal
Microwave mode deviates scheduled mode due to being influenced by fibre bundle, then control system 8 using field strength sensor 6 output signal and
Corresponding frequency control algorithm, which calculates, determines that microwave frequency controls signal, adjusts the output frequency of microwave oscillator, makes microwave cavity
Interior microwave mode returns to scheduled mode.
In the present embodiment due in microwave cavity long fibre be in the maximum near axis of electric field strength, thus microwave always
Most strong to the effect of fiber, functioning efficiency highest, the present embodiment is not only suitable for the lesser fibrous material of dielectric loss factor, also fits
For the biggish fibrous material of dielectric loss factor.
Embodiment 3
Ceramic fibre microwave continuous processing unit in the present embodiment is similar to Fig. 2, similar to Example 2, whole device
Still occur to form with hop, microwave reactor and measurement and three parts of control system by microwave.
Base includes: to contain by the course of work that the ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit handles fibrinogen
There are a certain proportion of aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide gel to squeeze out from spinneret orifice, the long fibre of formation enters microwave cavity by fiber entry
Then body leaves processing unit by fiber outlet by receiving microwave irradiation when microwave cavity；When fiber is in microwave cavity
When, the microwave and long fibre imported in microwave cavity by microwave generation and hop interacts, and colloidal sol precursor is at 80-400 DEG C
Gelation transition occurs, and is mullite fiber in 900-1400 DEG C of crystalline transition；Measurement and control system persistently detect microwave
The temperature and field strength state of intracavitary fiber, if actual temperature and set temperature have deviation, control system is according to control algolithm
The size for adjusting power control signal, the output signal by changing attenuator control the output power of microwave amplifier,
It is consistent actual temperature with set temperature；If the microwave mode in microwave cavity is scheduled due to being influenced to deviate by fibre bundle
Mode, then control system is calculated using the output signal of field strength sensor and corresponding frequency control algorithm and determines microwave frequency control
Signal processed adjusts the output frequency of microwave oscillator, and the microwave mode in microwave cavity is made to return to scheduled mode.
In the present embodiment due in microwave cavity fiber be in the maximum near axis of electric field strength always, thus microwave is to fibre
The effect of dimension is most strong, functioning efficiency highest.
Embodiment 4
It is completed for needing the fibrous material in longer reaction time or solidifying crossing filaments and be burnt into one-time continuous
Process, can use multiple microwave heating appts series operations, as shown in figure 3, illustrating only multiple microwave reactors in figure
Concatenated structure, the matched microwave generator of each microwave heating appts, sensor, control system etc. can be embodiment 1, implement
Any one of example 2 and embodiment 3 situation.
Microwave reactor in the present invention is made of conductive metallic material, and microwave reactor inner space is that a single mode is micro-
Wave resonance chamber (the i.e. described microwave cavity), shape can be cylinder, be also possible to cuboid, for the micro- of different frequency
Wave needs that single mold microwave could be formed wherein using various sizes of resonant cavity, this by description microwave partial differential equation and
Boundary condition determines, is a physical constraint, device provided by the invention does not use any exothermic material, but utilizes microwave straight
It connects and fiber is handled, the processing includes the processing such as crosslinking curing, heating and sintering；Since single mold microwave is in resonant cavity
Interior reflection and superposition and form standing wave, very strong field strength can be obtained, thus it is poor to can handle microwave absorption capacity
Or very poor material (such as fiber), and since single mold microwave field strength is in the certainty of intracavitary distribution, thus be suitable for processing and cut
(what processing material played a major role is electric field component in microwave to face very little moving material very thin in other words, is implemented in invention
The cylindrical microwave cavity used in example, electric field strength is most strong along cylindrical axis, and remoter away from axis, electric field strength is lower).
Microwave technology is applied to long stapled continuous processing by the present invention, realizes fibrinogen crosslinking curing and/or firing
Deng work continuously, simultaneously because the characteristics of microwave integrally heats is utilized, improves efficiency, overcome the same processing mesh of realization
The prior art and the efficiency of equipment it is low, the inherent shortcomings such as cannot work continuously；The device substantially reduces the processing time, mentions
High production efficiency, has saved mass energy, has had important practical application value.
It should be noted that the present invention mainly with a kind of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit is provided, wherein shape
The parts such as magnetron, circulator, fictitious load, impedance matching adjuster, the coupler of cost apparatus or component can be adopted
It with existing standard component, can be obtained by commercially available or self-control, the general switching software used in the present apparatus and program etc. can be with
It is obtained by commercially available or self-control.
It should be appreciated that the technical concepts and features of above-described embodiment only to illustrate the invention, its object is to allow be familiar with this
The personage of item technology cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Equivalent change or modification made by Spirit Essence according to the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit, characterized by comprising:
Microwave reaction unit comprising at least one microwave cavity continued through for fibrinogen and with the microwave cavity
The fiber entry and fiber outlet of connection；
Microwave generating unit comprising it is at least capable of providing the microwave generator of irradiating microwaves, the microwave generator output
Microwave can carry out microwave irradiation processing to by the intracorporal fibrinogen of the microwave cavity.
2. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the microwave cavity is
Single mold microwave resonant cavity；Material with the microwave cavity is conductive metal.
3. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the irradiating microwaves are
Single mold microwave.
4. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the microwave generator
Including microwave power supply and magnetron；Alternatively, the microwave generator includes microwave oscillator, adjustable attenuator and solid state microwave
Amplifier.
5. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include: microwave transmission
Unit, the microwave transmission unit are connect with microwave generating unit, microwave reaction unit respectively, and for mentioning microwave generator
The irradiating microwaves of confession are transmitted to microwave reaction unit.
6. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the microwave transmission list
Member includes circulator interconnected, impedance matching adjuster and coupler etc., is connected between each device with waveguide or coaxial line.
7. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include: information collection
Unit comprising obtain the intracorporal electric field strength of microwave cavity, the temperature of fibrinogen, the input power of microwave reactor for acquiring
With the sensor of output power, such as infrared radiation thermometer, field strength sensor and incidence and reflection power sensor.
8. ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing unit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that further include: control is single
Member, described control unit are connect with microwave generating unit, information acquisition unit.
9. a kind of method of ceramics long fibre microwave continuous processing, characterized by comprising: provide as any in claim 1-8
The mode of ceramic long fibre microwave continuous processing unit described in, device work is fibrinogen through fiber entry and fiber
Mouth continues through the microwave cavity, and carries out microwave photograph to by the fibrinogen of the microwave reaction unit using single mold microwave
Penetrate processing.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized by: microwave irradiation processing is in air atmosphere or protection
It is carried out under gas atmosphere.
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