CN109855600B - Slope measuring device and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Slope measuring device and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109855600B CN109855600B CN201910295401.7A CN201910295401A CN109855600B CN 109855600 B CN109855600 B CN 109855600B CN 201910295401 A CN201910295401 A CN 201910295401A CN 109855600 B CN109855600 B CN 109855600B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gradient measuring device and a measuring method thereof, wherein the gradient measuring device comprises a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, a vertical rotary supporting mechanism and a horizontal measuring mechanism, the lower end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is connected with the bottom fixed leveling mechanism and can rotate around the bottom fixed leveling mechanism, the lower end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is provided with an angle measuring device capable of reading the rotation angle of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism, the upper end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is connected with the horizontal measuring mechanism and can drive the horizontal measuring mechanism to rotate together, the horizontal measuring mechanism comprises a horizontal telescopic rod, a laser distance meter and a laser distance display, and the laser distance meter is arranged at the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic rod. The gradient measuring device has the advantages of convenience in use, accurate measurement, labor cost saving and the like, and can accurately measure gradients with larger gradients, severe environments and defects at the upper edge and the lower edge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measurement, in particular to a civil engineering and construction engineering measurement device and method, and especially relates to a gradient measurement device and method.
Background
In the civil engineering industry, accurate measurement is an essential control link for ensuring engineering quality, if a measurement method is improper, problems such as linear difference in appearance, unreasonable structural stress and the like are directly brought to a building structure, applicability, durability and the like of the structure are seriously affected, and huge potential safety hazards and economic losses are brought to people.
The gradient is a very common structural form in the modern civil engineering industry, the existing mode for measuring the gradient is mainly determined by a manual pull rule, and on one hand, the measuring mode has larger measuring error and is not accurate enough; on the other hand, the operation of multiple persons is needed, and repeated checking is complicated. In addition, although some more convenient and accurate modes such as infrared ranging and the like are adopted at present, the slope measuring direction is directly determined aiming at slopes with more standard outer contours, and whether the outer contours of actual engineering structures have certain flaws or not is determined by adopting the method, and whether the slope value determined by adopting the method is accurate or not is still to be studied.
Therefore, how to further develop and improve on the existing gradient measurement technology is an important measure for ensuring the construction accuracy and the use safety of engineering structures.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the gradient measuring device which has the advantages of convenient use, accurate measurement, labor cost saving and the like, and can accurately measure the gradients with larger gradients, worse environments and defects at the upper edge and the lower edge.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a slope measuring device, includes fixed levelling mechanism in bottom, vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the level measurement mechanism that connect gradually from the bottom up, the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom is installed and is waiting to measure the top of slope, vertical rotation supporting mechanism lower extreme with the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom is connected and can wind the fixed levelling mechanism of bottom is rotatory, vertical rotation supporting mechanism lower extreme is equipped with can read vertical rotation supporting mechanism rotation angle's angle measuring device, vertical rotation supporting mechanism upper end with level measurement mechanism connects and can drive level measurement mechanism rotates together, level measurement mechanism include horizontal telescopic link, laser range finder and with the laser distance display that the laser range finder electricity is connected, the laser range finder passes through the laser range finder levelling mechanism and installs the flexible end of horizontal telescopic link.
The laser range finder is an instrument capable of emitting laser and accurately measuring the distance of a target to be measured.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the gradient measuring device is used for measuring the gradient to be measured, the gradient measuring device is arranged on the gradient to be measured through the bottom fixed leveling mechanism; leveling is carried out to the horizontal telescopic rod through the fixed leveling mechanism in bottom, leveling is carried out to the laser range finder through the laser range finder leveling mechanism for laser that the laser range finder launched shines perpendicularly downwards on the slope to be measured, then rotates vertical rotation supporting mechanism together with the horizontal measuring mechanism to the optional position of the slope to be measured, records the reading alpha on the angle measuring device this moment, opens the laser range finder, makesThe laser range finder emits laser and irradiates on the gradient to be measured, and the distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is recorded 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, and the distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser range display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is recorded again 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism are rotated again, the distance between the laser distance meter displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter on the gradient to be measured is observed while rotating, and when the distance reaches h 2 When the rotation of the vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism is stopped, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to extend/shorten the distance s along the horizontal direction, and the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is adjusted, so that the distance between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is h 1 Record the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at this time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calculation formula for obtaining the gradient according to the measured data and the related geometric relationship is as follows:
wherein:θ 1 is the gradient value to be measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the slope measuring device is used for measuring the slope to be measured, the slope value of the slope to be measured can be obtained by collecting the related data of the slope to be measured by utilizing the angle measuring device and the laser distance display and calculating the obtained data and the geometric relationship, the measuring precision is more accurate than that of the traditional manual pull rule measurement, the unnecessary error caused in the manual pull rule measurement is reduced, meanwhile, the whole measuring process can be finished by a single person, and compared with the traditional mode that a plurality of persons are required to cooperate to finish the measurement by the manual pull rule, the labor cost is greatly reduced. In addition, compared with the existing infrared measurement method limited by the slope gradient measurement with the standard outer contour, the slope measurement device can directly measure any flat slope surface without worrying about the defect of the upper edge and the lower edge of the slope.
Therefore, the gradient measuring device has the advantages of convenient use, accurate measurement, labor cost saving and the like, and can accurately measure the gradients with larger gradients, worse environment and defects on the upper edge and the lower edge.
Preferably, the horizontal telescopic link includes horizontal parallel arrangement's first horizontal telescopic link and second horizontal telescopic link, laser range finder leveling mechanism is laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob, laser range finder's both ends are installed respectively through laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob first horizontal telescopic link with on the second horizontal telescopic link, laser range finder's upper end is higher than first horizontal telescopic link with the plane that the second horizontal telescopic link is located, and install first spirit level in laser range finder's upper end.
Like this, can be used to the position adjustment of laser range finder through laser range finder level adjust knob to utilize the first spirit level of laser range finder upper end to observe whether laser range finder has adjusted the level, with this laser that guarantees laser range finder and send shines perpendicularly on the slope of awaiting measuring, guaranteed laser range finder data measurement's accuracy.
Preferably, the level measurement mechanism further comprises a support and a rotating shaft connected with the support in a rotating manner, the support is connected with the vertical rotation support mechanism, the rear end of the support is used for installing the laser distance display, the front end of the support is used for installing the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod, the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft relatively and can rotate along with the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the support is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod horizontal adjusting knob relatively, and the part, extending out of the support, of the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod is also provided with a second level gauge.
Like this, can be through rotating telescopic link horizontal adjustment knob for the pivot can drive first horizontal telescopic link and the rotation of second horizontal telescopic link, and pivoted in-process observes whether first horizontal telescopic link and second horizontal telescopic link have adjusted the level through the second spirit level.
Preferably, the angle measuring device comprises a pointer and a dial, wherein the pointer is relatively and fixedly connected with the vertical rotation supporting mechanism and can rotate along with the vertical rotation supporting mechanism, and the dial is installed at the upper end of the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism.
Thus, when the gradient to be measured is measured, the pointer rotates relative to the dial when the vertical rotation supporting mechanism rotates relative to the bottom fixed leveling mechanism, and the change of the angle of rotation of the vertical rotation supporting mechanism can be obtained through the change of the indication angle of the pointer on the dial.
Preferably, the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism comprises a base on the upper part and a mounting seat on the lower part, a fixing bolt hole is formed in the lower end of the mounting seat, a fixing knob is mounted at the upper end of the base, the fixing knob is used for connecting the base with the vertical rotary supporting mechanism, and the base is connected with the mounting seat through a foot screw.
Like this, when measuring the slope of awaiting measuring, the fixed bolt hole of mount pad lower extreme is used for fixing the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom on the slope of awaiting measuring through the bolt of pre-buried on the slope of awaiting measuring or the bolt on the tripod, and the foot spiral is used for fine tuning horizontal telescopic link to horizontal position.
Preferably, the horizontal telescopic rod has several segments of the same length.
Like this, make the level telescopic link have a plurality of sections of same length, when measuring the slope to be surveyed like this, extension or shorten one section at every turn can, can make the distance of extension or shortening at every turn unanimous like this, operating personnel when in actual use simultaneously, only need at every turn change one section length can, use convenient and fast more.
Preferably, scale marks are arranged on the horizontal telescopic rod.
Thus, in the actual measurement process, the shortening/extending distance of the horizontal telescopic rod can be conveniently read through the scale marks on the horizontal telescopic rod.
A slope measurement method comprising the steps of:
1) Installing a gradient measuring device on the gradient to be measured through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism;
2) Leveling the horizontal telescopic rod through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, and leveling the laser range finder through a horizontal adjusting knob of the laser range finder, so that laser emitted by the laser range finder irradiates vertically downwards on the gradient to be measured;
3) Rotating the vertical rotary supporting mechanism together with the horizontal measuring mechanism to an arbitrary position of the gradient to be measured, recording the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at the moment, opening the laser range finder, enabling the laser range finder to emit laser and irradiate the gradient to be measured, and recording the distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display at the moment and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured 1 ；
4) The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, and the distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser range display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is recorded again 2 ；
5) The vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism are rotated again, the distance between the laser distance meter displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter on the gradient to be measured is observed while rotating, and when the distance reaches h 2 When the rotation of the vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism is stopped, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 1 ；
6) The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to extend/shorten the distance s along the horizontal direction, and the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is adjusted, so that the distance between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is h 1 Record the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at this time 2 ；
7) The calculation formula for obtaining the gradient according to the data measured in the steps 1 to 5 and the related geometric relationship is as follows:
wherein:θ 1 is the gradient value to be measured.
Thus, the gradient value of the gradient to be measured can be obtained according to the measured data and the related geometric relationship, and the measurement of the gradient to be measured is completed.
Preferably, in step 4), the method further includes, adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod again, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s again along the horizontal direction, and recording a distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser range finder and a projection of laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured at the moment 3 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises the step of when the laser distance display displays a distance h 3 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 3 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 2 the gradient value to be measured;
the average value of gradient theta' can be obtained by combining the two gradient measurements,
thus, gradient values of two different positions of the gradient to be measured are obtained through measurement, and the two gradient values are averaged, so that the obtained gradient values are more accurate, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Preferably, in step 4), the method further includes adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod again, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s again along the horizontal direction, and recording a distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display and a projection of laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured at the moment 4 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises the step of when the laser distance display displays a distance h 4 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 4 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 3 is the gradient value to be measured.
Three are combinedThe slope measurement may yield an average value of slope theta,
in this way, gradient values of three different positions of the gradient to be measured are obtained through measurement, and then the three gradient values are averaged, so that the obtained gradient values are more accurate, and the measurement accuracy is improved again.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a slope measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal measuring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vertical rotary support mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bottom-mounted leveling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a leveling device of a laser range finder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a leveling device for a horizontal telescopic rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the use and measurement principle of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: the measuring device comprises a level measuring mechanism 1, a laser range finder 11, a first level meter 12, a lead 13, a laser range finder level adjusting knob 14, a level telescopic rod 15, a first level telescopic rod 151, a second level telescopic rod 152, a scale mark 16, a second level meter 17, a telescopic rod level adjusting knob 18, a laser distance display 19, a vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2, a first braking mechanism 21, a second braking mechanism 22, a pointer 23, a bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3, a dial 31, a foot screw 32, a mounting seat 33, a fixed knob 34, a base 35 and a gradient 4 to be measured;
the point A is the position of the first laser range finder, and the point B is the projection of laser emitted by the point A laser range finder on the gradient to be measuredShadow point, A 'point is the position of the laser range finder after the horizontal telescopic rod shortens s, B' point is the projection point of laser emitted by the A 'point laser range finder on the gradient to be measured, G point is the point of the laser emitted by the A' point laser range finder projected on the plane, and F point is the rotation angle alpha of the vertical rotation mechanism 1 The position of the secondary laser range finder, the E point is the projection point of laser emitted by the F point laser range finder on the gradient to BE measured, the F 'point is the position of the laser range finder after the horizontal telescopic rod is shortened by s, the E' point is the projection point of laser emitted by the F 'point laser range finder on the gradient to BE measured, the H point is the point of the laser emitted by the F' point laser range finder projected on the plane, the D point and the I point are respectively the midpoints of a BE line segment and a B 'E' line segment, the D 'point is the point of the I point projected on the plane, the J point is the intersection point of the G point and the BE line segment, and the height of the vertical line is H', H 1 And h 2 The distance between the front and rear laser distance measuring devices and the projection point of the laser emitted by the laser distance measuring devices on the slope is shortened for the horizontal telescopic rods respectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, the end of the horizontal telescopic rod is defined as the front end of the support, and the end of the laser distance display is defined as the rear end of the support.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a slope measuring device, including the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom that connects gradually from bottom to top, vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 and level measurement mechanism 1, the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom is installed in the top of waiting to measure the slope, vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 lower extreme is connected with the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom and can rotate around the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom, vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 lower extreme is equipped with the angle measurement device that can read vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 rotation angle, vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 upper end is connected with level measurement mechanism 1 and can drive level measurement mechanism 1 and rotate together, level measurement mechanism 1 includes horizontal telescopic link 15, laser range finder 11 and the laser distance display 19 that is connected with the electricity of laser range finder 11, in this embodiment, connect through the wire between laser range finder 11 and the laser distance display 19, laser range finder 11 passes through the telescopic end that laser range finder levelling mechanism installs at horizontal telescopic link 15.
The laser range finder 11 is an instrument which emits laser light and accurately measures the distance to the object to be measured.
When the gradient measuring device is used for measuring the gradient to be measured, the gradient measuring device is arranged on the gradient to be measured through the bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3; leveling the horizontal telescopic rod through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, and leveling the laser range finder through a laser range finder leveling mechanism, so that laser emitted by the laser range finder irradiates vertically downwards on the gradient to be measured; then the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 and the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 are rotated to any position of the gradient to be measured, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at the moment is recorded, the laser range finder 11 is opened, the laser range finder 11 emits laser and irradiates the gradient to be measured, and the distance h between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 at the moment and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured is recorded 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal telescopic rod 15 is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser range finder 11 to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, and the distance h between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser range display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured is recorded again 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 is rotated again together with the horizontal measuring mechanism 1, and the distance between the laser distance meter 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter 11 on the gradient to be measured is observed while rotating, when the distance reaches h 2 When the rotation of the vertical rotation support mechanism 2 and the horizontal measurement mechanism 1 is stopped, the reading alpha on the angle measurement device is recorded 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal telescopic rod 15 is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser range finder 11 to extend/shorten the distance s along the horizontal direction, and the vertical rotary supporting mechanism 2 is adjusted, so that the distance between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured is h 1 RecordAt this point the reading alpha on the angle measuring device 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calculation formula for obtaining the gradient according to the measured data and the related geometric relationship is as follows:
wherein:θ 1 is the gradient value to be measured.
When the slope measuring device is used for measuring the slope to be measured, the slope value of the slope to be measured can be obtained by collecting the related data of the slope to be measured by utilizing the angle measuring device and the laser distance display 19 and calculating the obtained data and the geometric relationship, the measuring precision is more accurate than that of the traditional manual pull rule measurement, the unnecessary error caused in the manual pull rule measurement is reduced, meanwhile, the whole measuring process can be finished by a single person, and compared with the traditional mode that a plurality of persons are required to cooperate to finish the measurement by the manual pull rule, the labor cost is greatly reduced. In addition, compared with the existing infrared measurement method limited by the slope gradient measurement with the standard outer contour, the slope measurement device can directly measure any flat slope surface without worrying about the defect of the upper edge and the lower edge of the slope.
Therefore, the gradient measuring device has the advantages of convenient use, accurate measurement, labor cost saving and the like, and can accurately measure the gradients with larger gradients, worse environment and defects on the upper edge and the lower edge.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the horizontal telescopic rod 15 includes a first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and a second horizontal telescopic rod 152 which are transversely arranged in parallel, the laser range finder leveling mechanism is a laser range finder horizontal adjusting knob 14, two ends of the laser range finder 11 are respectively installed on the first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal telescopic rod 152 through the laser range finder horizontal adjusting knob 14, and the upper end of the laser range finder 11 is higher than the plane where the first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal telescopic rod 152 are located, and the first level 12 is installed at the upper end of the laser range finder 11.
Like this, can be used to the position adjustment of laser range finder 11 through laser range finder level adjust knob 14 to utilize the first spirit level 12 of laser range finder 11 upper end to observe whether laser range finder 11 has adjusted the level, so that guarantee that laser range finder 11 sent shines perpendicularly on the slope of awaiting measuring, guaranteed laser range finder 11 data measurement's accuracy.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 further includes a support and a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the support, the support is connected to the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2, the rear end of the support is used for installing the laser distance display 19, the front end of the support is used for installing the first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal telescopic rod 152, the first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal telescopic rod 152 are relatively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and can rotate along with the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the support is relatively fixedly connected with the telescopic rod horizontal adjusting knob 18, and the parts of the first horizontal telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal telescopic rod 152 extending out of the support are further provided with the second level gauge 17.
Like this, can be through rotating telescopic link horizontal adjustment knob 18 for the pivot can drive first horizontal telescopic link 151 and second horizontal telescopic link 152 rotation, and whether first horizontal telescopic link 151 and second horizontal telescopic link 152 have been adjusted the level through second spirit level 17 in-process of rotation.
In this embodiment, the angle measuring device includes a pointer 23 and a dial 31, the pointer 23 is fixedly connected with the vertical rotation support mechanism 2 and can rotate together with the vertical rotation support mechanism 2, and the dial 31 is mounted at the upper end of the bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3.
Thus, when the vertical rotation support mechanism 2 rotates relative to the bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3 while measuring the gradient to be measured, the pointer 23 rotates relative to the dial 31, and the change in the angle of rotation of the vertical rotation support mechanism 2 can be obtained by the change in the angle indicated by the pointer 23 on the dial 31.
In this embodiment, the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism 3 includes an upper base 35 and a lower mounting seat 33, the lower end of the mounting seat 33 is provided with a fixing bolt hole, the upper end of the base 35 is provided with a fixing knob 34, the fixing knob 34 is used for connecting the base 35 and the vertical rotation support mechanism 2, and the base 35 and the mounting seat 33 are connected through a foot screw 32.
Thus, when the gradient to be measured is measured, the fixing bolt hole at the lower end of the mounting seat 33 is used for fixing the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism 3 on the gradient to be measured through the pre-buried bolt on the gradient to be measured or the bolt on the tripod, and the foot screw 32 is used for finely adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod 15 to the horizontal position.
The vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 is further provided with a first braking mechanism 21 and a second braking mechanism 22, the first braking mechanism 21 is used for locking the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 and the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2, the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 swings relative to the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 in the measuring process, the second braking mechanism 22 is used for locking the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 and the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism 3, the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 rotates relative to the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism 3 in the measuring process, the accuracy of the relative position between the mechanisms in the whole measuring process is guaranteed, and the measuring accuracy is further guaranteed.
In this embodiment, the horizontal telescopic rod 15 has several segments of the same length.
For convenience of use, make the horizontal telescopic link 15 a plurality of sections that have the same length, when measuring the slope of waiting to survey like this, at every turn extension or shorten one section can, can make the distance of extension or shortening at every turn unanimous like this, during the in-service use of operating personnel at the same time, at every turn only need change one section length can, use convenient and fast more. In this embodiment, the horizontal telescopic rod 15 is made of four segments having the same length.
In the present embodiment, in order to conveniently read the distance by which the horizontal telescopic rod 15 is extended and shortened, graduation marks 16 are provided on the horizontal telescopic rod 15.
In this way, in the actual measurement process, the shortening/lengthening distance of the horizontal telescopic rod 15 can be conveniently read through the scale marks 16 on the horizontal telescopic rod 15.
A slope measurement method comprising the steps of:
1) Installing a gradient measuring device on the gradient to be measured through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3;
2) Leveling the horizontal telescopic rod 15 through the bottom fixed leveling mechanism 3, and leveling the laser range finder 11 through the laser range finder horizontal adjusting knob 14, so that laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 irradiates vertically downwards on the gradient to be measured;
3) Rotating the vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 together with the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 to an arbitrary position of the gradient to be measured, recording the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at the moment, opening the laser range finder 11, enabling the laser range finder 11 to emit laser and irradiate the gradient to be measured, and recording the distance h between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 at the moment and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured 1 ；
4) The horizontal telescopic rod 15 is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser range finder 11 to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, and the distance h between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser range display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured is recorded again 2 ；
5) The vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 and the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 are rotated again, the distance between the laser distance meter 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter 11 on the gradient to be measured is observed while rotating, and when the distance reaches h 2 When the rotation of the vertical rotation support mechanism 2 and the horizontal measurement mechanism 1 is stopped, the reading alpha on the angle measurement device is recorded 1 ；
6) Adjustment ofThe horizontal telescopic rod 15 is saved, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser range finder 11 to extend/shorten the distance s along the horizontal direction, and the vertical rotary supporting mechanism 2 is adjusted to enable the distance between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured to be h 1 Record the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at this time 2 ；
7) The calculation formula for obtaining the gradient according to the data measured in the steps 1 to 5 and the related geometric relationship is as follows:
wherein:θ 1 is the gradient value to be measured.
Thus, the gradient value of the gradient to be measured can be obtained according to the measured data and the related geometric relationship, and the measurement of the gradient to be measured is completed.
In this embodiment, in step 4), the method further includes, adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod 15 again, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser rangefinder 11 to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s again along the horizontal direction, and recording the distance h between the laser rangefinder 11 displayed on the laser distance display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder 11 on the gradient to be measured at this time 3 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises when the laser distance display 19 displays a distance h 3 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 3 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 2 the gradient value to be measured;
the average value of gradient theta' can be obtained by combining the two gradient measurements,
thus, gradient values of two different positions of the gradient to be measured are obtained through measurement, and the two gradient values are averaged, so that the obtained gradient values are more accurate, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Preferably, in step 4), the method further comprises adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod 15 again, so that the horizontal telescopic rod 15 drives the laser range finder 11 to shorten/lengthen a certain distance s again along the horizontal direction, and recording the distance h between the laser range finder 11 displayed on the laser range display 19 and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder 11 on the gradient to be measured at the moment 4 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises when the laser distance display 19 displays a distance h 4 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 4 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 3 is the gradient value to be measured.
Combining the three slope measurements results in a slope average value theta,
in this way, gradient values of three different positions of the gradient to be measured are obtained through measurement, and then the three gradient values are averaged, so that the obtained gradient values are more accurate, and the measurement accuracy is improved again.
The measurement method of the present invention is further described below with reference to fig. 7:
when the gradient 4 to be measured is measured, the measuring device is fixedly arranged on the gradient 4 to be measured, the laser distance meter 11 is positioned at the position of the point A, the laser distance meter 11 is turned on, the laser distance meter 11 emits laser to irradiate at the point B of the gradient 4 to be measured, and the distance from the point A to the point B is h 1 Then shortening the distance s of the horizontal telescopic rod 15, wherein the laser range finder 11 is positioned at the point A ', the laser range finder 11 emits laser and irradiates the position B' of the gradient 4 to be measured, and the distance from the point A 'to the point B' is h 2 And simultaneously, the G point of the laser projected on the plane, which is emitted by the A' point laser range finder 11, is found.
The vertical rotation supporting mechanism 2 drives the horizontal measuring mechanism 1 to rotate together by an angle alpha 1 At this time, the laser rangefinder 11 is located at the position of F ', the laser rangefinder 11 emits laser to irradiate the point of the gradient E' to be measured, and the distance from the point F 'to the point E' is h 2 Then the horizontal telescopic rod 15 is extended by a distance s, at the moment, the laser range finder 11 is positioned at the position of the point F, the laser range finder 11 emits laser and irradiates the E position of the gradient 4 to be measured, and the distance from the point F to the point E is h 1 And simultaneously, the H point of the laser projected onto the plane, which is emitted by the E' point laser range finder 11, is found.
Connecting the obtained G point and the H point, connecting the B 'point and the E' point, connecting the B point and the E point, finding out the key points D 'and I of the line segment GH and the line segment B' E ', and additionally, making a perpendicular line from the G point to the line segment BE, wherein the obtained perpendicular point is J, and the perpendicular line height GJ is H', so that the gradient value to BE measured can BE finally obtained according to the related geometric relationship:
wherein:θ 1 is the value of gradient 4 to be measured.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The slope measuring method comprises the steps that a slope measuring device is adopted, the slope measuring device comprises a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, a vertical rotary supporting mechanism and a horizontal measuring mechanism which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, the bottom fixed leveling mechanism is arranged above a slope to be measured, the lower end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is connected with the bottom fixed leveling mechanism and can rotate around the bottom fixed leveling mechanism, the lower end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is provided with an angle measuring device capable of reading the rotation angle of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism, the upper end of the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is connected with the horizontal measuring mechanism and can drive the horizontal measuring mechanism to rotate together, the horizontal measuring mechanism comprises a horizontal telescopic rod, a laser distance meter and a laser distance display which is electrically connected with the laser distance meter, and the laser distance meter is arranged at the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic rod through the laser distance meter leveling mechanism;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Installing a gradient measuring device above the gradient to be measured through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism;
2) Leveling the horizontal telescopic rod through a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, and leveling the laser range finder through a horizontal adjusting knob of the laser range finder, so that laser emitted by the laser range finder irradiates vertically downwards on the gradient to be measured;
3) Rotating the vertical rotary supporting mechanism together with the horizontal measuring mechanism to any position of the gradient to be measured, recording the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at the moment, opening the laser range finder, enabling the laser range finder to emit laser and irradiate the laser on the gradient to be measured, and recording the display of the laser distance display at the momentDistance h between laser rangefinder and projection of laser emitted by laser rangefinder on gradient to be measured 1 ；
4) The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to shorten or lengthen a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, and the distance h between the laser range finder displayed on the laser range display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is recorded again 2 ；
5) The vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism are rotated again, the distance between the laser distance meter displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter on the gradient to be measured is observed while rotating, and when the distance reaches h 2 When the rotation of the vertical rotation supporting mechanism and the horizontal measuring mechanism is stopped, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 1 ；
6) The horizontal telescopic rod is adjusted, so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser range finder to extend or shorten the distance s along the horizontal direction, and the vertical rotary supporting mechanism is adjusted, so that the distance between the laser range finder displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of laser emitted by the laser range finder on the gradient to be measured is h 1 Record the reading alpha on the angle measuring device at this time 2 ；
7) The calculation formula for obtaining the gradient according to the data measured in the steps 1 to 5 and the related geometric relationship is as follows:
wherein:θ 1 is the gradient value to be measured.
2. The gradient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal telescopic rod comprises a first horizontal telescopic rod and a second horizontal telescopic rod which are transversely arranged in parallel, the laser range finder leveling mechanism is a laser range finder horizontal adjusting knob, two ends of the laser range finder are respectively arranged on the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod through the laser range finder horizontal adjusting knob, and the upper end of the laser range finder is higher than the plane where the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod are located, and a first level is arranged at the upper end of the laser range finder.
3. The slope measuring method of claim 2, wherein the leveling mechanism further comprises a support and a rotating shaft rotatably connected with the support, the support is connected with the vertical rotation support mechanism, the rear end of the support is used for installing the laser distance display, the front end of the support is used for installing the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod, the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft relatively and can rotate together with the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the support is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod horizontal adjusting knob relatively, and a second level is installed on the portion of the first horizontal telescopic rod and the second horizontal telescopic rod extending out of the support.
4. The grade measurement method of claim 1, wherein the angle measurement device includes a pointer fixedly connected to the vertical rotation support mechanism and rotatable with the vertical rotation support mechanism, and a dial mounted on an upper end of the bottom fixed leveling mechanism.
5. The gradient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom fixing and leveling mechanism comprises an upper base and a lower mounting seat, a fixing bolt hole is formed in the lower end of the mounting seat, a fixing knob is mounted at the upper end of the base, the fixing knob is used for connecting the base and the vertical rotation supporting mechanism, and the base and the mounting seat are connected through a foot screw.
6. The grade measurement method of claim 1, wherein the horizontal telescoping rod has several segments of the same length.
7. The slope measurement method of claim 1, wherein the horizontal telescoping rod is provided with graduation marks.
8. The slope measuring method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step 4), further comprising, adjusting the horizontal telescopic rod again so that the horizontal telescopic rod drives the laser rangefinder to shorten or lengthen again a certain distance s along the horizontal direction, recording the distance h between the laser rangefinder displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder on the slope to be measured at this time 3 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises the step of when the laser distance display displays a distance h 3 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 3 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 2 the gradient value to be measured;
the average value of gradient theta' can be obtained by combining the two gradient measurements,
9. the grade measurement method of claim 8, further comprising, in step 4), readjusting the horizontal telescoping rod such that the horizontal telescoping rod carries the laser measurementShortening or lengthening the distance s again along the horizontal direction, and recording the distance h between the laser distance meter displayed on the laser distance display and the projection of the laser emitted by the laser distance meter on the gradient to be measured 4 ；
In step 5), the method further comprises the step of when the laser distance display displays a distance h 4 At this point, the reading alpha on the angle measuring device is recorded 4 ；
In step 7), the following gradient calculation formula is further included:
wherein:θ 3 is the gradient value to be measured.
Combining the three slope measurements results in a slope average value theta,
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| CN111829460B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 广东筑成工程管理有限公司 | Engineering construction supervision quality acceptance actual measurement device and method |
| CN113048948B (en) * | 2021-04-04 | 2022-09-13 | 浙江华正建设项目管理有限公司 | Foundation ditch excavation slope correcting unit for building site |
| CN113415369B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-11-25 | 深圳乐行天下科技有限公司 | Method and device for measuring gradient, storage medium and balance car |
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