CN109848522A - A kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method - Google Patents
A kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method, two phase stainless steel lamella thickness is 1.0~2.0mm, the method is as follows: uses ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method, no filler wire, ultrasonic-frequency power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, peak power output 2000W；Welding gun selects concave spherical surface sound emission end, and end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature 27.4mm are 8~14mm with workpiece surface distance；The distance that sound emission end bottom surface is stretched out at tungsten electrode tip is 6.0mm, argon gas protection；60~100A of welding current, 2~2.5mm/s of speed of welding.Weld metal zone depth-to-width ratio of the present invention increases, crystal grain more fine uniform；Additional ultrasonic field not only can control welding heat source but also the austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion serious unbalance for causing Seam and heat effected zone because of melting loss of elements can have been reduced, so as to improve the microstructure and mechanical property of connector to molten pool metal advanced treating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to special welding fields, and in particular to a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc
Welding method.
Background technique
Two phase stainless steel microstructure is made of austenite and martensite or bainite multiphase, and ferrite accounts for about 30% or more
Volume fraction, the advantages of two phase stainless steel integrates austenitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel.Two-phase stainless steel sheet
Each ingredient percent is as follows: 0 < C≤0.085%, 0 < Si≤1.00%, 1.80% < Mn≤6.00%, 0 < P≤
0.04%, 0 < S≤0.030%, 0 < Cr≤22.00%, 0 < Ni≤3.00%, 0.10% < Mo≤0.80%, 0 < N≤
0.25%, 0 < Cu≤1.00%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity.It is multiple in automobile, power station, chemical industry, pharmacy etc. at present
Industrial application.Since arc welding has technology maturation, easy to operate, the easy to automate and advantages such as at low cost, currently
The connection of two phase stainless steel is still based on arc welding.But conventional arc power density is low, heating time is long, and heat input is difficult
Control, it is easy to it causes heat affected area to broaden, aggravates welding joint softened, welding point is caused to become the weak link of entire product,
Its reason mainly has following two points: first is that under Thermal Cycle effect, after ferrite changes to austenite, in boundary surfaces energy
Under the action of, big crystal grain annexes little crystal grain, it is easy to lead to grain coarsening；Second is that since two phase stainless steel experienced special roll
Process processed, a large amount of distortion energy of internal reservoir, under the action of Thermal Cycle, the high-energy atom for deviateing equilbrium position will be to
The equilbrium position of low energy migrates, even if distortion can be released gradually and deformation occurs Recovery and recrystallization, causes dislocation close
The decline of degree.In conjunction with two phase stainless steel self character, it can be seen that, it is thick that two phase stainless steel welds generally existing heat affected area crystal grain
The problems such as change, welding joint softened, this is also all to need critical issue urgently to be resolved in two phase stainless steel welding research process.
Traditional argon tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) application range is wider, but very tired for thin plate GTAW welding production process
Difficulty, this is primarily due to traditional GTAW welding free electric arc heat source energy comparison diverging used, acts on sheet workpiece surface
Energy distribution is simultaneously uneven, improves overall heat input to guarantee penetration, it is easy to cause local heat input excessive, cause to weld
Deformation and burn-through happen occasionally and are difficult to control.Ordinary carbon steel welding is compared, in two phase stainless steel plate sheet welding due to containing
A certain amount of alloying element, welding point stress, strain, the variation of tissue and performance are distributed welding heat source heating power extremely quick
Sense, the requirement to welding heating power control are higher.
Ultrasonic wave is processed special due to having many advantages, such as frequency high, cavitation effect and easily transmitted in the medium in material
It is not that plastic processing and casting field are widely used.As ultrasound deepens continuously to the research of metal freezing Influencing Mechanism, will surpass
Sound and welding process combine the concern for gradually causing Welder author, and develop into a research hotspot.But at present
Mostly ultrasonic vibration is applied directly on welding base metal, this needs strength rigid contact to fix, and tooling and equipment are all relatively more multiple
It is miscellaneous.Yang Chunli proposes ultrasonic wave added arc welding method, i.e., forms a ultrasonic radiation field in arc region, sound field both can be to electric arc
Control and can realize advanced treating to molten bath.In 304 stainless steel ultrasonic wave added GTAW soldering tests, discovery ultrasound is to electricity
Arc has compression, and arc pressure increases, and ultrasonic wave added GTAW fusion penetration can double above under same specification, and weld grain is thin
Change, fusion area size narrows, and plumb joint intensity improves 8%, and connector elongation percentage improves 10% or more.However, because sound source acoustically radiating
Scarce capacity is penetrated, it still needs further improvement for welding stability, while being also difficult with sound and can regulate and control to electric arc heat source.
Summary of the invention
It is easily-deformable for two phase stainless steel plate sheet welding, the problems such as connector is sensitive to heat input, heat input narrow range, this hair
It is bright to provide a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method, without filling silk, being not required to preheat and welding
After be heat-treated, by the control to thermal weld stress, be maintained at the austenite of Seam and heat effected zone, ferrite two-phase proportion
In reasonable range, guarantee the good microstructure and mechanical property of welding point.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding side
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) steel plate is cut using cold shearing processing, workpiece surface to be welded is cleared up in welding pre-treatment, and group is to formation I
Type groove, and welding plate quadrangle is compressed；
(2) it is welded using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method butt-welding fitting, is not filled with welding wire, ultrasound used
Power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output 2000W；Ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding gun is selected recessed
Spherical surface sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature 27.4mm are 8~14mm with workpiece surface vertical range；Tungsten
Polar diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and the distance that sound emission end bottom surface is stretched out at tungsten electrode tip is 6mm, and protective gas is
Argon gas, gas flow are 10~15L/min；Welding current 60~100A of straight polarity direct current, 2.0~2.5mm/s of speed of welding；
(3) it after the completion of welding, is handled using acid wash passivation, removes the oxide layer of face of weld, formed passivating film, be air-cooled to
Room temperature removes welding plate.
The present invention also has following technical characteristic:
1, the groove gap is not greater than 0.05mm, because being not added with welding wire, if gap is too big, welding can be welded not
Thoroughly, it is easy to metal incomplete fusion occur.
2, the two phase stainless steel plate thickness is 1.0~2.0mm.
3, there are the highlighted reunion areas of an arc-plasma inside ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc, and with certain
Frequency moves up and down, and is in pulse state, and ripple frequency is 510~700Hz, so that arc energy is more concentrated and internal energy point
Cloth more evenly, including fusion penetration increase, crystal grain refinement etc..
Beneficial effects of the present invention and advantage: the present invention is thin using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc soldering diphasic stainless steel
Plate, additional ultrasonic field act on electric arc and molten bath simultaneously, in addition to utilizing ultrasonic vibration characteristic, realize the depth to molten pool metal
Other than reason, also using ultrasonic energy compression arc, electric arc heat input size is controlled, improves traditional welding heat source, keeps ultrasound auxiliary
It helps GTAW pulsating arc welding process to be provided simultaneously with efficient, high-quality, controllable attribute, sets about from welding heat source, slow down weld seam
Temperature fall off rate extends in weld seam and high-temperature heat-affected zone ferrite to the transformation time of austenite, increase weld seam and
Austenite ratio in high-temperature heat-affected zone keeps austenite and ferritic two-phase proportion more balanced, ensure that two-phase stainless
The microstructure and mechanical property of steel welded joint, welding method is easy to operate, economical and practical, and appearance of weld is beautiful.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the welding point metallographic microscope of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the weld seam metallographic comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is engineering stress-strain figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is metallographic microscope after the electrochemistry (3.5wt.%NaCI solution) of the embodiment of the present invention 1 polarizes.
Specific embodiment
Under the conditions of concave spherical surface sound emission end, for the directive property acoustic pressure power of ecto-entad suffered by electric arc up to maximum, sound restrains effect
Fruit is most strong, in ultrasonic wave added GTAW Welding experiment, have found for the first time it is a kind of by contained pulsating arc plasma, with routine
Electric arc is different, and after ultrasonication, electric arc is compressed, and internal arctube a highlighted reunion area occurred and with next week on certain frequency
The shake of phase property, being found to be of the phenomenon further realize ultrasound and provide possibility to the regulation of welding arc heat power.This is to overcoming
Duplex stainless steel welded joints softening, deformation etc. influence, and have huge application potential.This is described in detail below with reference to embodiment
The specific embodiment of method.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is the S32101 two phase stainless steel steel plate for welding 2.0mm thickness, its chemical component is (quality percentage
Than): 0.02 < C≤0.04%, 0.20 < Si≤1.00%, 4.00 < Mn≤6.00%, 0.01 < P≤0.04%, 0 < S≤
The < of 0.03%, 19.00 < Cr≤22.00%, 1.00 Ni≤3.00%, 0.10% < Mo≤0.80%, 0 < N≤0.25%,
0.1 < Cu≤1.00%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity.The S32101 two phase stainless steel steel plate of 2.0mm thickness is taken, is observed
Its surface to be welded, it is desirable that smooth no scuffing, the defects of dent；If the requirements are not met, needs welding surface of being polished with sand paper, and beat
It is noted that the depth of parallelism of welding surface, can not be polished into cambered surface when mill；To-be-welded region need to be cleared up by having polished, with alcohol by welding surface
Thorough wiped clean, the greasy dirt etc. in welded seam area 15mm are also required to clean out, after the completion of wiping, need thoroughly to wave to alcohol
Further work is carried out after hair again；The S32101 two-phase stainless steel plate of 2.0mm thickness to be welded is compressed with fixture clamping, it is specific to spell
The mode of connecing is that two pieces of stainless sheet steels splice in parallel, it is desirable that surfacing staggered edge free guarantees that assembly gap in commissure is not greater than
0.05mm；Welder's part is treated using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method to weld, and is not filled with welding wire, ultrasound used
Power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output 2000W；Ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding gun is selected recessed
Spherical surface sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature 27.4mm are 14mm with workpiece surface vertical range；Tungsten electrode
Diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and the distance that sound emission end bottom surface is stretched out at tungsten electrode tip is 6mm, and protective gas is pure
The argon gas of degree 99.99%, gas flow 15L/min；Welding current (straight polarity direct current) 100A, speed of welding 2.5mm/s.Welding
Well-ventilated is kept, in the process to promote weld seam to be quickly cooled down.It after the completion of welding, is handled using acid wash passivation, removes weld seam table
The oxide layer in face forms passivating film, is air-cooled to room temperature, removes pressing device, removes welding plate.
After the completion of welding through above-mentioned steps, weld metal zone depth-to-width ratio increases, weld grain tissue more fine uniform, balanced
Austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion, weld corrosion resistance can significantly improve, and improve the mechanical property of welding point.It welds after measured
Seam area's corrosion potential is -186mV, and weld seam corrosion current density is 0.364 μ A/cm2, as softened zone, weld metal zone is average
Hardness 231 (HV30) compares common GTAW welding, raising 19%, welding point tensile strength 616.57MPa, elongation percentage
45.6%, break in heat affected area.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is the S32101 two phase stainless steel steel plate for welding 1.0mm thickness, its chemical component and embodiment 1 one
It causes.The S32101 two phase stainless steel steel plate for taking 1.0mm thickness, observes its surface to be welded, it is desirable that smooth no scuffing, the defects of dent；
If the requirements are not met needs welding surface of being polished with sand paper, and it is noted that the depth of parallelism of welding surface, can not be polished into arc when polishing
Face；To-be-welded region need to be cleared up by having polished, the greasy dirt etc. with alcohol by the thorough wiped clean of welding surface, in welded seam area 10mm
It needs to clean out, after the completion of wiping, needs to carry out further work again after alcohol thoroughly volatilizees；With fixture clamping compress to
The S32101 two-phase stainless steel plate of the 1.0mm thickness of welding, specific connecting method are that two pieces of stainless sheet steels splice in parallel, it is desirable that table
The smooth staggered edge free in face guarantees that assembly gap in commissure is not greater than 0.02mm；Using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding side
Method is treated welder's part and is welded, and welding wire is not filled with, and ultrasonic-frequency power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output
2000W；Ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding gun selects concave spherical surface sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature
27.4mm is 12mm with workpiece surface vertical range；Tungsten electrode diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and tungsten electrode tip is stretched
Speak transmitting terminal bottom surface distance be 6mm, protective gas be purity 99.99% argon gas, gas flow 13L/min；Welding
Electric current (straight polarity direct current) 75A, speed of welding 2.3mm/s.Well-ventilated is kept in welding process, to promote weld seam to be quickly cooled down.
It after the completion of welding, is handled using acid wash passivation, removes the oxide layer of face of weld, form passivating film, be air-cooled to room temperature, removal pressure
Tight device, removes welding plate.
After the completion of welding through above-mentioned steps, weld metal zone depth-to-width ratio increases, weld grain tissue more fine uniform, balanced
Austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion, weld corrosion resistance can significantly improve, and improve the mechanical property of welding point.It welds after measured
Seam area's corrosion potential is -154mV, and weld seam corrosion current density is 0.336 μ A/cm2, as softened zone, weld metal zone is average
Hardness 222 (HV30) compares common GTAW welding, raising 22%, welding point tensile strength 610.82MPa, elongation percentage
41.7%, break in weld metal zone.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is the DP780 two phase stainless steel steel plate for welding 2.0mm thickness, its chemical component is (quality percentage
Than): 0 < C≤0.085%, 0 < Si≤0.38%, 1.80 < Mn≤2.08%, 0.004 < P≤0.011%, 0.002 < S≤
0.016%, 0 < Cr≤0.326%, 0 < Ni≤0.008%, N:0.004%, Cu:0.037%, remaining is for iron and unavoidably
Impurity.The DP780 two phase stainless steel steel plate for taking 2.0mm thickness, observes its surface to be welded, it is desirable that smooth no scuffing, dent etc. lack
It falls into；If the requirements are not met needs welding surface of being polished with sand paper, and it is noted that the depth of parallelism of welding surface, can not be polished into when polishing
Cambered surface；To-be-welded region need to be cleared up by having polished, the greasy dirt etc. with alcohol by the thorough wiped clean of welding surface, in welded seam area 15mm
It is also required to clean out, after the completion of wiping, needs to carry out further work again after alcohol thoroughly volatilizees；It is compressed with fixture clamping
2.0mm thickness DP780 two-phase stainless steel plate to be welded, specific connecting method are that two pieces of stainless sheet steels splice in parallel, it is desirable that table
The smooth staggered edge free in face guarantees that assembly gap in commissure is not greater than 0.05mm；Using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding side
Method butt-welding fitting is welded, and welding wire is not filled with, and ultrasonic-frequency power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output
2000W；Ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding gun selects concave spherical surface sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature
27.4mm is 13mm with workpiece surface vertical range；Tungsten electrode diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and tungsten electrode tip is stretched
Speak transmitting terminal bottom surface distance be 6mm, protective gas be purity 99.99% argon gas, gas flow 13L/min；Welding
Electric current (straight polarity direct current) 90A, speed of welding 2.2mm/s.Well-ventilated is kept in welding process, to promote weld seam to be quickly cooled down.
It after the completion of welding, is handled using acid wash passivation, removes the oxide layer of face of weld, form passivating film, be air-cooled to room temperature, removal pressure
Tight device, removes welding plate.
After the completion of welding through above-mentioned steps, weld metal zone depth-to-width ratio increases, weld grain tissue more fine uniform, balanced
Austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion, improve the microstructure and mechanical property of welding point, after measured, the hot shadow as softened zone
It rings area's average hardness 175 (HV0.5), compares common GTAW welding point, improve 10%, welding point tensile strength is
363.45MPa, elongation percentage 24.85%, breaks in base material.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is welding 1.0mm thickness DP780 two phase stainless steel steel plate, its chemical component and embodiment 3 is consistent.It takes
The DP780 two phase stainless steel steel plate of 1.0mm thickness, observes its surface to be welded, it is desirable that smooth no scuffing, the defects of dent；If no
It is noted that the depth of parallelism of welding surface, can not be polished into cambered surface when meeting the requirements and need welding surface of being polished with sand paper, and polishing；Polishing
Complete to clear up to-be-welded region, with alcohol by the thorough wiped clean of welding surface, the greasy dirt etc. in welded seam area 10mm is also required to clear
Reason is clean, after the completion of wiping, needs to carry out further work again after alcohol thoroughly volatilizees；It is compressed with fixture clamping to be welded
The DP780 two-phase stainless steel plate of 1.0mm thickness, specific connecting method are that two pieces of stainless sheet steels splice in parallel, it is desirable that surfacing
Staggered edge free guarantees that assembly gap in commissure is not greater than 0.02mm；Using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method butt welding
Part is welded, and welding wire is not filled with, and ultrasonic-frequency power supply driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output 2000W；Ultrasound
GTAW pulsating arc welding gun is assisted to select concave spherical surface sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature 27.4mm, with workpiece
Upper surface vertical range is 10mm；Tungsten electrode diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and sound emission end bottom is stretched out at tungsten electrode tip
The distance in face is 6mm, and protective gas is the argon gas of purity 99.99%, gas flow 10L/min；(direct current is just for welding current
Connect) 60A, speed of welding 2mm/s.Well-ventilated is kept in welding process, to promote weld seam to be quickly cooled down.After the completion of welding, adopt
It is handled with acid wash passivation, removes the oxide layer of face of weld, form passivating film, be air-cooled to room temperature, removed pressing device, remove weldering
Plate.
After the completion of welding through above-mentioned steps, weld metal zone depth-to-width ratio increases, weld grain tissue more fine uniform, balanced
Austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion, improve the microstructure and mechanical property of welding point, after measured, the hot shadow as softened zone
It rings area's average hardness 158 (HV0.5), compares common GTAW welding point, improve 13%, welding point tensile strength is
358.22MPa, elongation percentage 23.57%, breaks in base material.
The additional ultrasonic field of the present invention not only can control welding heat source but also can reduce molten pool metal advanced treating because of element
Scaling loss and cause Seam and heat effected zone austenite and ferrite two-phase proportion serious unbalance, so as to improve connector tissue and
Mechanical property.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) steel plate is cut using cold shearing processing, workpiece surface to be welded is cleared up in welding pre-treatment, and group is to formation I type slope
Mouthful, and welding plate quadrangle is compressed；
(2) it is welded using ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method butt-welding fitting, is not filled with welding wire, ultrasonic-frequency power supply used
Driving frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic-frequency power supply peak power output 2000W；Ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding gun selects concave spherical surface
Sound emission end, end face radius 16.5mm, radius of curvature 27.4mm are 8~14mm with workpiece surface vertical range；Tungsten electrode is straight
Diameter is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode passes through central through hole, and the distance that sound emission end bottom surface is stretched out at tungsten electrode tip is 6mm, and protective gas is argon
Gas, gas flow are 10~15L/min；Welding current 60~100A of straight polarity direct current, 2.0~2.5mm/s of speed of welding；
(3) it after the completion of welding, is handled using acid wash passivation, removes the oxide layer of face of weld, formed passivating film, be air-cooled to room
Temperature removes welding plate.
2. a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the groove gap is not greater than 0.05mm.
3. a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the two phase stainless steel plate thickness is 1.0~2.0mm.
4. a kind of two-phase stainless steel sheet ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc welding method according to claim 1, special
Sign is: there are the highlighted reunion areas of an arc-plasma inside ultrasonic wave added GTAW pulsating arc, and with certain frequency
Rate moves up and down, and is in pulse state, and ripple frequency is 510~700Hz.
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| CN111347148A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-30 | 吉林大学 | Ultrasonic auxiliary welding device and method for ferritic stainless steel |
| CN113579531A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for ultrasonic pulse MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel |
| CN113967773A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-25 | 江苏大学 | Ultrasonic frequency pulse auxiliary arc welding method for dissimilar steel in underwater wet environment |
| CN114260576A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-01 | 东北电力大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted hollow tungsten electrode GTA-laser coaxial hybrid welding system |
| CN116727808A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-09-12 | 佛山市三乔焊接实业有限公司 | Arc striking circuit of stud welding machine |
| CN118241019A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 太原科技大学 | Duplex stainless steel and method for regulating ferrite phase proportion thereof |
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| CN111347148A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-30 | 吉林大学 | Ultrasonic auxiliary welding device and method for ferritic stainless steel |
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| CN114260576B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-24 | 东北电力大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted hollow tungsten electrode GTA-laser coaxial composite welding system |
| CN116727808A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-09-12 | 佛山市三乔焊接实业有限公司 | Arc striking circuit of stud welding machine |
| CN116727808B (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2024-02-02 | 佛山市三乔焊接实业有限公司 | Arc striking circuit of stud welding machine |
| CN118241019A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 太原科技大学 | Duplex stainless steel and method for regulating ferrite phase proportion thereof |
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