CN109839309A - A kind of delayed fracture pilot system - Google Patents
A kind of delayed fracture pilot system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of delayed fracture pilot system, including loading mechanism and control device, the loading mechanism includes fixed bottom plate, fixed top plate, elevator and support plate, the support plate is arranged on the fixed bottom plate, and the elevator is fixed between the fixed bottom plate and the fixed top plate；The support plate includes flat part and the support portion that the flat part both ends are arranged in, the support portion is used to support the both ends of test specimen, bottom interval pre-determined distance with flat part and the test specimen described in support notch compatible with the test specimen two ends shape, and it is formed with middle part notch, the center of the middle part notch is corresponding with the center of the test specimen；It is provided with pressure sensor on the elevator, load pressure head is provided on pressure sensor, and connect with the control device.The system is capable of the delayed fracture property of accurate evaluation test specimen, and simple, convenient, not only can guarantee that data were accurate, but also can use manpower and material resources sparingly, at low cost, high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of delayed fracture pilot systems, and in particular to a kind of high-strength metal material delayed fracture test
System.
Background technique
Delayed fracture is that one of high-intensitive part important failure forms of aerial is equipped in the mechanical engineerings such as automobile, in addition to everybody understand compared with
Except more automotive high intensity bolts, as bearing permanent stress for linking after fixed, locking, clamping etc. are assembled, such as interference
Delayed fracture failure can all occur for the gear of cooperation, bearing, elastic element, the high-intensitive part locked or be locked etc..Cause
This delayed fracture phenomenon has popularity and multiple, effective evaluation high-strength metal material on the mechanical engineerings such as automobile equipment
Anti-delayed fracture performance and Accurate Determining stress and the relationship of delayed fracture time be of great significance.
The delayed fracture property of high-strength metal material is influenced by many factors, up to the present, there is no general comment
Price card is quasi-.Current test method mainly has " permanent load formula test method ", " constant strain test method " and " bolt locking examination
Test " etc..
The experimental rig schematic diagram of permanent load formula test method is as shown in Figure 1.Test principle is a notched circle
Shape test specimen is subject to it by lever principle constant load (counterweight).The problem of test, is that there are stress in indentation, there
It concentrates, can not accurately calculate stress, and efficiency is too low, not be able to satisfy actual requirement.
Constant strain test is wedge block to be squeezed into specific shape test specimen, therefore the problem of test method is can not to measure examination
Stress suffered by part.
Bolt locking delayed fracture experimental rig is shown in Fig. 2, applies bolt with different torque loads, observes rupture time,
The test can not measure accurate stress there are fracture position discreteness is big.
Therefore, the method currently used for evaluating the delayed fracture property of high-strength metal material cannot accurately measure application
Stress, less can display real-time the stress (due to creep etc., stress suffered by test specimen be become) of application, and cleavage
Set dispersed big, low efficiency, heavy workload etc..
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of delayed fracture pilot system, which can be real-time
Stress suffered by high-strength material is measured, and then measures the relationship of suffered stress and rupture time, evaluates high duty metal material
The anti-delayed fracture performance of material, and it is easy to operate, and the test specimen fracture position consistency after test is good.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of delayed fracture pilot system, including loading mechanism and control device, the load
Mechanism includes fixed bottom plate, fixed top plate, elevator and support plate, and the support plate is arranged on the fixed bottom plate, described
Elevator is fixed between the fixed bottom plate and the fixed top plate；The support plate includes flat part and setting described flat
The support portion at smooth portion both ends, the support portion are used to support the both ends of test specimen, have compatible with the test specimen two ends shape
The bottom interval pre-determined distance of flat part and the test specimen described in notch is supported, and is formed with middle part notch, the middle part notch
Center it is corresponding with the center of the test specimen；It is provided with pressure sensor on the elevator, is set on the pressure sensor
It is equipped with load pressure head, and is connect with the control device；
Wherein, make middle part of the load pressure head to the test specimen being placed in the support plate by operating elevator
Position is loaded, until test specimen is broken or reaches the preset time, the pressure signal of load is sent out by the pressure sensor
Give the control device；
The control device is used for the load time for recording and showing on-load pressure and keep under the on-load pressure, and base
The relationship between pressure and time, and the on-load pressure based on the record are obtained in the on-load pressure of record and load time
The maximum tension stress being subject on the outside of calculation testing piece, the stress of the maximum tension stress characterization test specimen delayed fracture.
Optionally, the elevator includes guide post, rotary components, ring flange, guide sleeve, guide plate, the guide post
One end is fixed on the fixed bottom plate, and the other end is connect with the fixed top plate, and the rotary components include screw rod and installation
Rotary body outside the screw rod, described screw rod one end are connect with the fixed top plate, and the other end is connect with the ring flange,
Handle is provided on the rotary body；
The guide plate is covered in the guide post by guide sleeve, and the guide plate upper end is connect with the ring flange,
Lower end is connect with the pressure sensor；
By rotating the handle, the screw rod is driven to rotate, and then drive the guide plate above and below the guide post
It is mobile.
Optionally, the support portion is also formed with block, and the block is formed in the end of the support notch.
Optionally, further include protection hood for preventing post-rift test specimen from splashing.
Optionally, the opening passed through for the test specimen is formed on the shield.
Optionally, the control device is computer.
Delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, since the bottom of support plate and test specimen bottom interval are default
Distance, and it is formed with median slot, the center of the central notch and the center of test specimen are corresponding, and it is enough can to guarantee that test specimen has
Bending deflection, when load, load pressure head faces the intermediate position of test specimen, and both ends are supported on the both ends of support plate.Such branch
Fagging structure is allowed to load test specimen by the way of three-point bending, be converted by mechanics, and cut-in pressure senses
Device, computer etc. show that load value on computers and record until fracture, can guarantee that test specimen is broken consistency, that is, break
Split occur among test specimen position, while at any time show and record test specimen suffered by load, can show that test specimen stress because
Creep and reduced numerical value, therefore, the reduction that load manner can be adjusted as needed to make up pressure because of creep, so that it is guaranteed that examination
The accuracy of part stress.This makes it possible to accurately evaluate high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance；Also can be used for evaluating
The influence of different disposal technique and other techniques to high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance also can be used by data accumulation
In high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance whether He Ge evaluation.In addition, it is simple, convenient, do not need test people
Member's real-time monitoring, uses manpower and material resources sparingly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is respectively existing delay test schematic device；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of loading mechanism of the invention；
Fig. 5 is that load pressure head of the invention applies stressed schematic diagram to test specimen；
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 is respectively the schematic diagram for showing the technical effect of delay experimental system of the invention；
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is respectively the exemplary diagram of test specimen of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 4 is load of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of mechanism；Fig. 5 is that load pressure head of the invention applies stressed schematic diagram to test specimen；Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 is respectively to use
In the schematic diagram for the technical effect for showing delay experimental system of the invention；Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is respectively showing for test specimen of the invention
Example diagram.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including loading mechanism 1 and control
Device 4, the loading mechanism include that fixed bottom plate 16, fixed top plate 3, elevator and support plate 19, the support plate 19 are arranged
On the fixed bottom plate 16, the elevator is fixed between the fixed bottom plate 16 and the fixed top plate 3；The support
Plate 19 includes flat part and the support portion that the flat part both ends are arranged in, and the support portion is used to support the both ends of test specimen 18,
With support notch compatible with the test specimen two ends shape, the bottom interval of the flat part and the test specimen it is default away from
From, and it is formed with middle part notch, the center of the middle part notch is corresponding with the center of the test specimen；It is arranged on the elevator
There is pressure sensor 15, load pressure head 17 is provided on the pressure sensor 15, and connect with the control device 4；Wherein,
By operating elevator the load pressure head 17 is carried out to the intermediate position for the test specimen 18 being placed in the support plate 19
Load, until test specimen is broken or reaches the preset load time, the pressure signal of load is sent out by the pressure sensor 15
Give the control device 4；The control device 4 is for recording and showing the on-load pressure and keep under the on-load pressure
Load time, and the on-load pressure based on record and load time obtain the relationship between pressure and time, and based on described
The maximum tension stress being subject on the outside of the on-load pressure calculation testing piece of record, the maximum tension stress characterization test specimen delayed fracture are answered
Power.
Delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, since the bottom of support plate and test specimen bottom interval are default
Distance, and it is formed with middle part notch, the center of the central notch and the center of test specimen are corresponding, can guarantee that test specimen has enough
Bending deflection, when load, load pressure head faces the intermediate position of test specimen, and both ends are supported on support portion.Such support
Hardened structure is allowed to load test specimen by the way of three-point bending, be converted by mechanics, and cut-in pressure senses
Device, computer etc. show that load value on computers and record until fracture, can guarantee that test specimen is broken consistency, that is, break
Split occur among test specimen position, while at any time show and record test specimen suffered by load, can show that test specimen stress because
Creep and reduced numerical value, therefore, the reduction that load manner can be adjusted as needed to make up pressure because of creep, so that it is guaranteed that examination
The accuracy of part stress.This makes it possible to accurately evaluate high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance；Also can be used for evaluating
The influence of different disposal technique and other techniques to high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance also can be used by data accumulation
In high-strength metal material anti-delayed fracture performance whether He Ge evaluation.In addition, it is simple, convenient, do not need test people
Member's real-time monitoring, uses manpower and material resources sparingly.
It should be noted that the present invention is to the distance between support plate bottom and test specimen bottom, i.e. flat part and test specimen bottom
The distance in portion is not particularly limited, and also there is no limit as long as can guarantee that test specimen stress is bent to the depth of middle part notch
The interference of discord flat part, while as far as possible after the fracture of guarantee test specimen also on the supporting plate, in one example, middle part notch
Depth can be 30mm.In addition, also there is no limit in one example, can be about 6mm to the depth of the support notch of support plate.
In addition, support portion is also formed with block in the embodiment of the present invention, the block is formed in the end of the support notch
Portion.Test specimen is limited by the block, test specimen is directly placed into, clamping is not needed, has both guaranteed stress among test specimen
Dimensional uniformity, but convenient for test specimen installation, disassembly, and avoid fracture when splashing.
Further, as shown in figure 4, the elevator may include guide post 9, rotary components, ring flange 11, guide sleeve
13, guide plate 14, described 9 one end of guide post are fixed on the fixed bottom plate 16, and the other end is connect with the fixed top plate 3,
It can be specifically fixed on fixed top plate 3 by locking nut 7 and elastic washer 8.The rotary components may include screw rod 10 and peace
Rotary body outside the screw rod, described 10 one end of screw rod are connect with the fixed top plate 3, the other end and the ring flange
11 connect, and are provided with handle 2 on the rotary body；The guide plate 14 passes through 13 sets of guide sleeve in the guide post 9, described
14 upper end of guide plate is connect with the ring flange 11, and lower end is connect with the pressure sensor 5；By rotating the handle 2, band
It moves the screw rod 10 to rotate, and then the guide plate 14 is driven to move up and down along the guide post 9.Specifically, of the invention real
It applies in example, rotary components can be existing structure, that is, handle 2 can be connect by turbine with screw rod 10, as long as can pass through rotation
Any structure that handle 2 drives screw rod 10 to rotate is ok, and the present invention is not particularly limited.Between ring flange 11 and guide plate 14
It is fixed together by bolt (preferably 4 bolts), the lower end of guide plate 14 passes through bolt (preferably 4 bolts) and pressure
Sensor 15 is fixed together, and load pressure head 17 is mounted on the lower part of pressure sensor 15, and 14 both ends of guide plate are formed with through-hole,
Guide sleeve 13 in the through hole and is covered outside guide post 9 by interference fit installation.In this way, test specimen 18 is placed on support plate 19
After upper, by operation handle 2, screw rod 10 is rotated with it, and ring flange 11 is driven to move up and down, and then drives guide plate 14 along guiding
Column 9 slides up and down, final that load pressure head 17 is driven to move up and down, and realizes the load and unloading to test specimen 18.
Further, delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention may also include shield, try for preventing
It splashes after part fracture.Shield can be split type structure, including two covers, be pacified respectively from fixed 16 both ends bottom of bottom plate
Dress, covers support plate, flies out to prevent the test specimen of fracture from splashing in test.It can be placed in corresponding test specimen on each cover
Position is provided with aperture, so as to be put into test specimen by aperture.
In embodiments of the present invention, the control device 4 can be computer.For example, being equipped with the general of conversion program software
Pressure signal can be converted to pressure with maximum stress relationship according to the pressure suffered by test specimen by logical computer, the program software
Value, and at interval of after a certain period of time, pressure value and time can be recorded in Excel table simultaneously, it is automatic after fracture
Stop.
In embodiments of the present invention, the test specimen 18 can be made of high-strength metal material, such as pin, bolt etc., such as Fig. 9
With shown in Figure 10.
To improve efficiency, delayed fracture pilot system provided in an embodiment of the present invention may include multiple loading mechanisms, one
In example, it may include 3 groups of loading mechanisms and 1 computer and shield, every group of loading mechanism include that 1 band installs notch
Support plate, 1 elevator and 1 pressure sensor, therefore every group of loading mechanism can test a test specimen.It can also be according to need
N number of (N is greater than 3) loading mechanism is set, while testing N number of test specimen.
The use of [embodiment 1] delayed fracture pilot system
It is first turned on shield, test specimen is put on the notch of support plate 19, if necessary to simultaneously to three test specimens
It is tested, then three test specimens is respectively put on the notch of 3 support plates 19.Shield is closed, opens and calculates
Machine display 4, start delay destructive test control program, calibrate respectively to each loading mechanism, setting record pressure value
Time interval rotates the handle 2 of three elevators respectively, and each elevator is connected with 1 pressure sensor, pressure sensor
There are load pressure head 17 in 15 lower ends, and with the rotation of lifting cleaner handgrip, elevator belts dynamic pressure force snesor 15 and load pressure head 17 are moved
It is dynamic, test specimen is laterally loaded to realize, load is shown on computer display 4, as needed can be respectively to three test specimens
Apply different load, that is, the method for three-point bending is taken to apply moment of flexure, and the pressure according to suffered by test specimen and maximum to test specimen
Stress relation formula (1) calculates maximum tension stress suffered by test specimen.The stress is the stress of test specimen delayed fracture.
In formula: σmaxFor maximum tension stress；MmaxFor maximal bending moment；W is bending resistant section coefficient；P is the pressure applied；L is
The distance between two support portion of support plate；D is the diameter of test specimen.
After test specimen fracture, group test is terminated, and does not influence other groups of tests, and the delay according to computer record in this way is disconnected
The relationship for splitting the time between the load that is laterally applied to, so that it may obtain the relationship of delayed fracture time and tensile stress.The present apparatus is each
It is relatively independent between a loading mechanism, it is independent of each other, and simple, convenient.
[embodiment 2] replaces test specimen
It, should after delayed fracture occurs for one of test specimen when being tested using test delay system of the invention
Test terminates, and does not influence other specimen tests.New test specimen is such as needed to change, the hand of loading mechanism where need to only rotating fracture specimen
Handle 2 makes pressure sensor 15 and load pressure head 17 be raised above enough distances, removes shield, takes out fracture specimen, will be new
Test specimen is put into the notch of support plate 19, closes shield.Start the corresponding program of the mechanism in computer terminal, is carried
Record pressure value time interval is set as needed in lotus calibration.Rotating handle 2 loads test specimen, and the load is in Computer display
It is shown on device, adjustment handle 2 makes the load applied meet test requirements document.Part completion is changed, whole process does not influence the examination of other test specimens
It tests.
[embodiment 3] adjusts load
In the load initial stage, since creep occurs, load reduction is very fast, if you need to adjust load, can pass through rotation pair
Loading mechanism handle 2 is answered, while observing the load value on computer display, until reaching requirement.Or due to other
Reason needs to adjust load value, can all carry out according to the above method, does not influence other groups of specimen tests.
[practical application example]
Test material and technique
The selection of material: 40Cr, 35CrMo；Specification: Φ 10 × 230；
35CrMo technique: cold-drawn-annealing-blanking -100 DEG C of polishing-quenching-tempering-plating；
40Cr technique: cold-drawn-annealing-blanking -100 DEG C of polishing-quenching-tempering-heat treatment；
Material chemical composition is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1: raw material chemical component (WT%)
| Chemical component | C | S | P | Mn | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 40Cr | 0.40 | <0.005 | 0.015 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 1.06 | -- |
| 35CrMo | 0.37 | 0.007 | 0.019 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 1.07 | 0.18 |
Test result
Table 2 is the initial data of single-piece test specimen test, and record time interval is 1 minute, disconnected according to the available test specimen of table 2
The pressure of the correct time and application that split, while the pressure value of available different time points.It is disconnected to obtain pressure and delay
Split the relationship of time.
The initial data of 2 single-piece test specimen of table test
Table 3 is the delay of 18 groups of 40Cr test specimens using result, it follows that the delayed fracture time and pressure relationship such as
Shown in Fig. 6.It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that the delayed fracture time it is overall increase with the reduction of pressure, when pressure reduction to 3.22 (KN) with
Delayed fracture will not be occurring when lower.
3 40Cr specimen test pressure of table and delayed fracture time
| Pressure (KN) | 3.23 | 3.24 | 3.32 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 3.35 | 3.43 | 3.51 | 3.53 |
| Time (second) | 9480 | 22260 | 2820 | 3420 | 11220 | 4980 | 9060 | 4620 | 3240 |
| Log10T | 3.98 | 4.35 | 3.45 | 3.53 | 4.05 | 3.70 | 3.96 | 3.66 | 3.51 |
| Pressure (KN) | 3.53 | 3.63 | 3.63 | 3.72 | 3.92 | 4.02 | 3.19 | 3.22 | 3.25 |
| Time (second) | 3300 | 3960 | 4200 | 6300 | 1980 | 4140 | Do not break | Do not break | Do not break |
| Log10T | 3.52 | 3.60 | 3.62 | 3.80 | 3.30 | 3.62 | - | - | - |
The obtained rupture time of delayed fracture test result of 18 groups of 35CrMo test specimens and the relationship of pressure are shown in Table 4 and Fig. 7.
As shown in Figure 7 the delayed fracture time it is overall increase with the reduction of pressure, when pressure reduction to 4.42 (KN) below when do not exist
Delayed fracture occurs.
4 35CrMo specimen test pressure of table and delayed fracture time
The relationship of delayed fracture time and pressure that 35CrMo test specimen electroplating processes and non-electroplating processes specimen test obtain
Curve is shown in Fig. 8, and as shown in Figure 8, compared with not electroplating processes sample, the time of electroplated sample at very low pressures, very short is just
Delayed fracture occurs, illustrates that delayed fracture is sensitive to plating.
Sample can be as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 after delay test device experiment of the present invention, after can be seen that test by Fig. 9 and Figure 10
Test specimen fracture position consistency is fine, that is, is broken and the position among test specimen occurs；And bolt locks delayed fracture experimental rig
Sample fracture position occurs at screw thread or at the angle bolt R after test, and fracture position dispersibility is big.
Embodiment described above, only a specific embodiment of the invention, to illustrate technical solution of the present invention, rather than
It is limited, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, although having carried out with reference to the foregoing embodiments to the present invention detailed
Illustrate, those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art the invention discloses
In technical scope, it can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or variation can be readily occurred in, or
Person's equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make corresponding technical solution
Essence is detached from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore,
The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of delayed fracture pilot system, which is characterized in that including loading mechanism and control device, the loading mechanism includes
Fixed bottom plate, fixed top plate, elevator and support plate, the support plate are arranged on the fixed bottom plate, and the elevator is solid
It is scheduled between the fixed bottom plate and the fixed top plate；The support plate includes flat part and is arranged at the flat part both ends
Support portion, the support portion is used to support the both ends of test specimen, has support notch compatible with the test specimen two ends shape
The bottom interval pre-determined distance of the flat part and the test specimen, and be formed with middle part notch, the center of the middle part notch with
The center of the test specimen is corresponding；It is provided with pressure sensor on the elevator, load is provided on the pressure sensor
Pressure head, and connect with the control device；
Wherein, by operate elevator make the load pressure head to the intermediate position of the test specimen being placed in the support plate into
Row load, until test specimen is broken or reaches the preset time, the pressure signal of load is sent to by the pressure sensor
The control device；
The control device is used for the load time for recording and showing on-load pressure and keep under the on-load pressure, and based on note
The on-load pressure of record and load time obtain the relationship between pressure and time, and the on-load pressure based on the record calculates
The maximum tension stress being subject on the outside of test specimen, the stress of the maximum tension stress characterization test specimen delayed fracture.
2. delayed fracture pilot system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the elevator includes guide post, rotation
Turn component, ring flange, guide sleeve, guide plate, described guide post one end is fixed on the fixed bottom plate, the other end with it is described solid
Determine top plate connection, the rotary components include screw rod and the rotary body that is mounted on outside the screw rod, described screw rod one end and institute
Fixed top plate connection is stated, the other end is connect with the ring flange, is provided with handle on the rotary body；
The guide plate is covered in the guide post by guide sleeve, and the guide plate upper end is connect with the ring flange, lower end
It is connect with the pressure sensor；
By rotating the handle, the screw rod is driven to rotate, and then the guide plate is driven to move up and down along the guide post.
3. delayed fracture pilot system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the support portion is also formed with block,
The block is formed in the end of the support notch.
4. delayed fracture pilot system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include for preventing post-rift examination
The protection hood that part splashes.
5. delayed fracture pilot system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that be formed with described in confession on the shield
The opening that test specimen passes through.
6. delayed fracture pilot system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the control device is computer.
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