CN109797586B - Naked eye three-dimensional printing method and naked eye three-dimensional fabric - Google Patents
Naked eye three-dimensional printing method and naked eye three-dimensional fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN109797586B CN109797586B CN201910078828.1A CN201910078828A CN109797586B CN 109797586 B CN109797586 B CN 109797586B CN 201910078828 A CN201910078828 A CN 201910078828A CN 109797586 B CN109797586 B CN 109797586B
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 25
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
The invention provides a naked eye three-dimensional printing method and a naked eye three-dimensional fabric, and the method comprises the following steps: s1, manufacturing gilding die paper: sequentially coating a semitransparent first refraction layer, a pattern layer and a glue coating on a film base material layer to prepare the hot stamping mould paper; s2 gold stamping: and (3) attaching the fabric and the glue coating of the hot stamping mould paper, and applying pressure and heat to the fabric and the hot stamping mould paper to enable the first refraction layer and the pattern layer on the hot stamping mould paper to be adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating so as to form the hot stamping pattern. The invention uses the gilding mould paper coated with the first refraction layer to carry out gilding printing, and the first refraction layer is positioned at the outermost layer of the fabric after the gilding printing, because the first refraction layer has the semitransparent characteristic, the light can be refracted, the display content of the pattern layer is refracted to different places in the space, the display content is separated when the display content reaches the eyes of people, and then the eyes of people receive two images containing parallax, thus the naked eye three-dimensional effect is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of textile printing and dyeing, in particular to a naked eye three-dimensional printing method and a naked eye three-dimensional fabric.
Background
Naked eye three-dimension, also called naked eye 3D, is a realistic stereo image with space and depth obtained by using the parallax of two eyes of a person without any auxiliary equipment (such as 3D glasses, 3D helmets and the like). The objects in the picture can be protruded out of the picture or can be hidden in the picture. The three-dimensional image is colorful, distinct in gradation, vivid and lifelike, and is a real three-dimensional image. The naked eye three-dimensional image is deeply favored by consumers due to the real and vivid expressive force, elegant environmental infectivity and strong and shocking visual impact.
The naked eye 3D technology generally splits an image so that the left and right eyes of a person receive different images, and the brain forms a three-dimensional stereoscopic sensation by fusion reflection of the optic nerve center and psychovisual reaction of two images with parallax reflected to both eyes. The slit grating display is characterized in that a slit with appropriate parameters is arranged in front of the display panel to shield displayed contents, light reaching human eyes can be separated after a certain distance, and two eyes receive two images with parallax, so that the naked eye 3D effect is achieved.
Naked eye 3D is applied comparatively extensively in electronic product, because electronic product realizes that naked eye 3D relies on a large amount of optical devices and electrical components, makes it difficult to extend the application on other trades, for example textile clothing surface fabric.
The patterns on the existing textile garment materials are generally two-dimensional patterns. With the gradual improvement of aesthetic requirements of consumers, the requirements on the variety of clothes styles and pattern effects are more and more, and the requirement of the consumers on the aspect that the traditional printing and dyeing method can only produce two-dimensional visual patterns is difficult to meet. For example, with the reform of the national birth control policy, the demand for children's garments will increase substantially. Nowadays, adult clothes and children clothes present more personalized demands, and consumers demand more technical and fashion combined clothes effects on clothes fabrics.
Gold stamping is one of the traditional printing and dyeing methods, and an aluminum layer in the electrochemical aluminum is transferred to the surface of a printing stock by utilizing the principle of hot-pressing transfer to form a special metal effect. The existing gold stamping paper is that an adhesive layer is coated on a film substrate, a pigment layer, a metal foil layer (generally an aluminum-plated metal foil layer) and an adhesive layer are sequentially coated on the adhesive layer, the metal foil layer and the pigment layer are adhered to the upper surface of a fabric during gold stamping, the pigment layer is separated from the adhesive layer, and the metal foil layer and the pigment layer are positioned on the outermost layer of the surface of the fabric and present a metallic luster. When the gilding paper is used for gilding, a two-dimensional visual pattern can be obtained on the surface of the fabric only.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the naked eye three-dimensional printing method can be used for manufacturing the patterns with the naked eye three-dimensional effect on the surface of the fabric, and has vivid and real expressive force.
The invention provides a naked eye three-dimensional printing method which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing gilding die paper: sequentially coating a semitransparent first refraction layer, a pattern layer and a glue coating on a film base material layer to prepare the hot stamping mould paper;
s2 gold stamping: and (3) attaching the fabric and the glue coating of the hot stamping mould paper, and applying pressure and heat to the fabric and the hot stamping mould paper to enable the first refraction layer and the pattern layer on the hot stamping mould paper to be adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating so as to form the hot stamping pattern.
Compared with the prior art, the hot stamping printing is carried out by using the hot stamping mould paper coated with the first refraction layer, the first refraction layer is positioned on the outermost layer of the fabric after the hot stamping printing, due to the fact that the first refraction layer has the semitransparent characteristic, light rays can be refracted in different directions along with the natural form of the fabric, the display content of the pattern layer is refracted to different places in the space, the display content is separated when the display content reaches the eyes of a person, the eyes of the person receive two images containing parallax errors, and therefore the naked eye three-dimensional effect is generated.
Further, step S2 is followed by the step of: pressure is applied to the first refractive layer at intervals. After the gold stamping patterns are subjected to the spaced pressure, the partial area of the first refraction layer positioned on the outermost surface layer of the gold stamping patterns is extruded and then is concave inwards; the adjacent non-pressed areas or the adjacent non-pressed areas have the same thickness as the areas before pressing, or the adjacent pressed areas bulge outwards under the influence of the adjacent pressed areas, finally, the surface of the whole first refraction layer presents a concave-convex wave shape to form a cylindrical lens, different contents of the pattern layer are refracted to different places in the space, the contents of the pattern layer are separated when the contents reach human eyes, and the human eyes receive two images with parallax, so that the naked eye three-dimensional effect is enhanced. Meanwhile, after the non-pressed area bulges outwards, a gap may be formed between the non-pressed area and the pattern layer, and air is contained in the gap. The light reflecting the pattern layer can directly penetrate through the polyurethane, enter the air and then reach human eyes, or penetrate through the polyurethane layer through the air in the gap, then penetrate through the air and reach the human eyes, and through two different paths, the light is refracted with larger space distance, the display content of the pattern layer is refracted to different places in the space, so that the display content is separated when reaching the two eyes of the human, then the two eyes of the human receive two images with larger parallax, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is enhanced.
Further, step S1 includes, before the first refraction layer, the steps of: coating a second refraction layer on the surface of the thin film base material layer; the second refraction layer has slits at equal intervals. Therefore, the slit is used for further splitting light, so that light reaching human eyes is further split, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is further enhanced.
Further, the second refraction layer is transparent, and the refractive index of the second refraction layer is smaller than that of the first refraction layer. So the light that reflects the pattern layer content in the gilding pattern will pass first refraction layer, second refraction layer and the air that the refracting index reduces gradually in proper order, and the bigger skew of space distance takes place for the light, refracts the display content of pattern layer to the different places in space, makes the content of showing when arriving people's eyes divided more, and then people's eyes receive two images that contain bigger parallax error, have strengthened the three-dimensional stereoeffect of bore hole.
Further, the first refraction layer is any one of polyurethane, fluorine release agent and vinyl silicone oil.
Further, the second refraction layer is an alkyl polymer release agent.
In addition, the invention also provides a naked eye three-dimensional fabric which comprises a glue coating, a pattern layer and a semitransparent first refraction layer, wherein the glue coating, the pattern layer and the semitransparent first refraction layer are sequentially fixed on the surface of the fabric in a stacking mode.
Further, the surface of the first refraction layer is a columnar prism.
Further, the naked eye three-dimensional fabric further comprises a second refraction layer, wherein the second refraction layer is arranged on the surface of the first refraction layer and is provided with equally spaced slits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a naked eye three-dimensional effect diagram of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the surface structure of the fabric after gilding printing in example 2;
fig. 3 and 4 are schematic views of the surface structure of the fabric after the gilding printing of the embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
According to the invention, the polyurethane layer with the semitransparent characteristic is coated on the gold stamping mould paper, and the polyurethane layer can form a cylindrical lens to refract light, so that the contents reaching two eyes of a person are separated, two images containing parallax are received, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is realized. The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The naked eye three-dimensional printing method provided by the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
s1 manufacturing gilding mould paper
The hot stamping die paper comprises a film base material layer, and a polyurethane layer, a pattern layer and a glue coating layer which are sequentially laminated on the film base material layer. The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps: taking a blank polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) with the thickness of 100 mu m as a film substrate layer, and arranging the blank polyethylene terephthalate film on the film substrate layer according to the weight of 4-6 g/cm2The coating amount of (2) is applied with polyurethane to form a polyurethane layer as a first refraction layer. And coloring after the polyurethane is dried, namely coating ink on the polyurethane layer to be used as a pattern layer. And after the printing ink is dried, coating glue on the pattern layer to form a glue coating.
S2 gold stamping printing
The fabric is attached to the glue coating of the foil, and then the fabric and the foil are fed into a cylinder gilding press in open width and moved at a speed of 20 m/min. And adjusting the pressure to be 4 tons and the heating temperature to be 135 ℃, and applying pressure and heat to the fabric and the hot stamping die paper to enable the polyurethane layer and the pattern layer on the hot stamping die paper to be adhered to the surface of the fabric to form the hot stamping pattern. And after ironing, rolling the fabric, placing the fabric in an oven at 50 ℃ for 24 hours, and then stripping the film substrate layer from the surface of the fabric to obtain the naked eye three-dimensional fabric.
The method is carried out by adopting three fabrics of cotton/ammonia knitted fabric, nylon/ammonia knitted fabric and polyester/ammonia knitted fabric, and the effect evaluation is as follows:
therefore, the three fabrics of the cotton/ammonia knitted fabric, the nylon/ammonia knitted fabric and the polyester/ammonia knitted fabric can obtain the gold stamping patterns with naked eye three-dimensional effect and full gloss after being treated by the method; after 15 times of household washing, although the surface gloss of the gold stamping pattern becomes dull, the naked eye three-dimensional effect can still be kept.
Please further refer to fig. 1, which is a photograph showing the effect of the fabric after being processed by the naked eye three-dimensional printing method of the present invention, wherein the surface of the photograph is a translucent polyurethane layer. However, it is obvious from fig. 1 that the patterns with various concave and convex are realized, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is realized.
The mechanism that the polyurethane layer can realize naked eye three-dimensional effect on the surface of the fabric is utilized, after the gold stamping printing, the polyurethane layer and the pattern layer are adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating, and the polyurethane layer is continuously and uniformly distributed on the outermost layer of the gold stamping pattern. The polyurethane layer is a semitransparent layer, and the smooth surface of the polyurethane layer reflects light rays, so that the gold stamping patterns are full and glossy. Meanwhile, a cylindrical lens is formed in the polyurethane, and the pattern layer on the surface of the fabric is refracted to different places in the space, so that the displayed content is separated when the fabric reaches human eyes, and the human eyes receive two images with parallax, thereby generating a naked eye three-dimensional effect.
In multiple household washing, the polyurethane layer can still refract and split light, so that the pattern layer can still be refracted, the content displayed when reaching human eyes is separated, and the human eyes receive two images with parallax, thereby keeping the naked eye three-dimensional effect. But after a plurality of household washings, the surface of the polyurethane layer is abraded, and light rays generate diffuse reflection on the surface of the polyurethane layer, so that the luster of the gold stamping pattern is dull.
Example 2
Considering that the light rays can be deflected to a greater degree after being refracted by the cylindrical lens to generate a stronger naked-eye three-dimensional effect, the applicant tries to construct the cylindrical lens on the surface of the gold stamping pattern to increase the deflection of the light rays, strengthen the parallax of the left eye and the right eye and enhance the naked-eye three-dimensional effect.
The naked eye three-dimensional printing method of the embodiment 3 is based on the embodiment 1, and applies pressure to the first refraction layer on the surface of the gold stamping pattern at intervals and at equal intervals, preferably applies pressure at equal intervals. Specifically, after the gilding printing is finished in step S2, a coating roller engraved with equidistant ribs is used to apply 4-6 tons of pressure on the surfaces of the gilding film paper and the fabric, so that the areas in contact with the ribs are subjected to huge pressure, and the areas not in contact with the ribs are subjected to small pressure or no pressure. In another embodiment, after the gold stamping printing is completed in step S2, the fabric printed with the gold stamping patterns is placed on a flat plate and moves at a constant speed, and a pressure mold is used to apply 4-6 tons of pressure to the fabric at certain intervals.
The method is used for treating various fabrics such as cotton/spandex knitted fabrics, nylon/spandex knitted fabrics, polyester/spandex knitted fabrics, pure cotton, chemical fiber woven fabrics and the like, and the results show that the gold stamping patterns on the surfaces of the fabrics have naked eye three-dimensional effects which are more vivid than those in embodiment 1, and the naked eye three-dimensional effects are not changed after multiple times of washing.
The above result is mainly because after the gilding pattern is pressed at equal intervals, the partial area of the first refraction layer 40 positioned at the most surface layer of the gilding pattern is pressed and then is tightly attached to the pattern layer 30 inwards, so that the thickness of the first refraction layer 40 in the area is reduced; the adjacent non-pressed area or the thickness is the same as that before pressing, or the adjacent pressed area is influenced by the adjacent pressed area to bulge outwards, so that the thickness of the first refraction layer in the area is increased, finally, the surface of the whole first refraction layer presents a concave-convex wave shape, cylindrical lenses with equal intervals as shown in figure 2 are formed, different contents of the pattern layer 30 are refracted to different places in the space, the contents of the pattern layer are separated when reaching human eyes, the human eyes receive two images with parallax, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is enhanced. Meanwhile, after the non-pressed area bulges outwards, a gap may be formed between the non-pressed area and the pattern layer, and air is contained in the gap. The light reflecting the pattern layer can directly penetrate through the polyurethane, enter the air and then reach human eyes, or penetrate through the polyurethane layer through the air in the gap, then penetrate through the air and reach the human eyes, and through two different paths, the light is refracted with larger space distance, the display content of the pattern layer is refracted to different places in the space, so that the display content is separated when reaching the two eyes of the human, then the two eyes of the human receive two images with larger parallax, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is enhanced.
Example 3
Considering that the slits can be used for light splitting, the applicant tries to construct the slits on the surface of the gold stamping pattern, so that the light rays are further split, and the three-dimensional effect of naked eyes is enhanced.
Specifically, the naked eye three-dimensional printing method provided by this embodiment 3 includes the following steps:
s1 manufacturing gilding mould paper
A blank polyethylene terephthalate film (namely a PET film) with the thickness of 100 mu m is used as a film substrate layer, a mask with parallel slits at equal intervals is used for covering the surface of the film substrate layer, then a release agent with lower refractive index, such as an alkyl polymer release agent, is coated on the mask, then the mask is uncovered, and a second refraction layer with a plurality of parallel slits at equal intervals is obtained on the surface of the film substrate layer. After the alkyl polymer mold release agent is dried, the mold release agent with a refractive index higher than that of the alkyl polymer mold release agent is coated on the surface of the alkyl polymer mold release agent, such as polyurethane or fluorine mold release agent or vinyl silicone oil, and the release agent is used as a first refraction layer. And after the first refraction layer is dried, coating ink as a pattern layer. And after the printing ink is dried, coating glue on the pattern layer to form a glue coating.
S2 gold stamping printing
The fabric is attached to the glue coating of the foil, and then the fabric and the foil are fed into a cylinder gilding press in open width and moved at a speed of 20 m/min. And adjusting the pressure to be 4 tons and the heating temperature to be 135 ℃, and applying pressure and heat to the fabric and the hot stamping die paper to enable the second refraction layer, the first refraction layer and the pattern layer on the hot stamping die paper to be adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating so as to form the hot stamping pattern. And after ironing, rolling the fabric, placing the fabric in an oven at 50 ℃ for 24 hours, and then stripping the film substrate layer from the surface of the fabric to obtain the naked eye three-dimensional fabric.
The naked eye three-dimensional fabric obtained after the gold stamping printing comprises a fabric 10, and a glue coating 20, a pattern layer 30, a first refraction layer 40 and a second refraction layer 50 which are sequentially stacked on the surface of the fabric 10, as shown in fig. 3.
The method is used for treating various fabrics such as cotton/spandex knitted fabrics, nylon/spandex knitted fabrics, polyester/spandex knitted fabrics, pure cotton, chemical fiber woven fabrics and the like, and the results show that the gold stamping patterns on the surfaces of the fabrics have naked eye three-dimensional effects which are more vivid than those in embodiment 1, and the naked eye three-dimensional effects are not changed after multiple times of washing.
The above result is mainly caused by that the light reflecting the pattern layer is further split after passing through the slit of the second refraction layer, so that the light reaching human eyes is further split, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is further enhanced.
Meanwhile, the alkyl polymer release agent used by the second refraction layer is a transparent or semitransparent material, the refractive index of the release agent is smaller than that of the polyurethane or fluorine release agent or vinyl silicone oil of the first refraction layer, so that light reflecting the content of the pattern layer in the gold stamping pattern sequentially passes through the first refraction layer, the second refraction layer and air with gradually reduced refractive index, the light is subjected to larger spatial distance offset, the displayed content of the pattern layer is refracted to different places in the space, the displayed content is separated when reaching the eyes of a person, the two eyes of the person receive two images with larger parallax, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is further enhanced.
The preparation method of the second refraction layer has another implementation mode, namely, after the gold stamping pattern is obtained on the surface of the fabric by adopting the gold stamping mould paper comprising the thin film substrate layer, the first refraction layer, the pattern layer and the glue layer to carry out gold stamping printing, the surface of the first refraction layer of the gold stamping pattern is covered by a mask plate with parallel equal-spacing gaps, then the alkyl polymer mold release agent is coated on the mask plate, and then the mask plate is uncovered, so that the second refraction layer with a plurality of parallel equal-spacing gaps is obtained on the surface of the first refraction layer.
In addition, it should be noted that a second refraction layer may be added in addition to embodiment 2. In example 2, after the first refractive layer was formed into equally spaced cylindrical lenses by applying pressure to the gold stamping pattern equally spaced, a mask having parallel slits with the same pitch as the cylindrical lenses of the first refractive layer was used to cover the surface of the first refractive layer, and the slits of the mask were aligned with the convex regions of the cylindrical lenses of the first refractive layer. Then, an alkyl polymer release agent is coated on the mask, and then the mask is uncovered, so that a second refraction layer with a plurality of parallel slits at equal intervals is obtained on the surface of the first refraction layer, and the slits of the second refraction layer correspond to the concave areas of the columnar lenses of the first refraction layer, as shown in fig. 4. Therefore, after light is split by the first refraction layer cylindrical lens, the light is further split by the slit of the second refraction layer, so that the light reaching human eyes is further split, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is further enhanced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the semitransparent first refraction layer is arranged on the gold stamping mould paper, the first refraction layer is adhered to the surface of the fabric after the gold stamping printing, and the gold stamping pattern presents naked eye three-dimensional effect along with the natural form of the fabric after the gold stamping due to the semitransparent characteristic of the first refraction layer. After multiple times of washing, the gold stamping patterns can still keep the naked eye three-dimensional effect unaffected. After the gold stamping printing, the gold stamping mould paper is subjected to pressure at equal intervals, so that the first refraction layer generates a cylindrical lens effect, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect is enhanced. In addition, the second refraction layer with the slits is added, light is further split by the slits, and the naked eye three-dimensional effect can be further enhanced. The method of the present invention is applicable to various fabrics, such as cotton/spandex knitted fabrics, nylon/spandex knitted fabrics, polyester/spandex knitted fabrics, pure cotton, chemical fiber woven fabrics, etc.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A naked eye three-dimensional printing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing gilding die paper: coating a semitransparent second refraction layer, a first refraction layer, a pattern layer and a glue coating on the film base material layer in sequence to prepare the gold stamping mould paper; wherein, the pattern layer is attached with a metal foil layer; the second refraction layer is provided with equally spaced slits, the first refraction layer is fluorine release agent, the second refraction layer is alkyl polymer release agent, and the refractive index of the second refraction layer is smaller than that of the first refraction layer;
s2 gold stamping: and (3) attaching the fabric and the glue coating of the gold stamping mould paper, and applying pressure and heat to the fabric and the gold stamping mould paper to enable the first refraction layer and the pattern layer on the gold stamping mould paper to be adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating.
2. The naked eye three-dimensional printing method according to claim 1, wherein: step S2 is followed by the steps of: pressure is applied to the first refractive layer at intervals.
3. A naked eye three-dimensional printing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing gilding die paper: sequentially coating a semitransparent first refraction layer, a pattern layer and a glue coating on a film base material layer to prepare the hot stamping mould paper, wherein a metal foil layer is attached to the pattern layer;
s2 gold stamping: the fabric is attached to the glue coating of the gold stamping mould paper, so that the first refraction layer and the pattern layer on the gold stamping mould paper are adhered to the surface of the fabric through the glue coating, the second refraction layer is coated on the surface of the first refraction layer, the second refraction layer is provided with equally spaced slits, the first refraction layer is a fluorine release agent, the second refraction layer is an alkyl polymer release agent, and the refractive index of the second refraction layer is smaller than that of the first refraction layer.
4. The naked eye three-dimensional fabric prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the fabric comprises a glue coating, a pattern layer, a semitransparent first refraction layer and a semitransparent second refraction layer which are sequentially laminated and fixed on the surface of the fabric; a metal foil layer is attached to the pattern layer; the second refraction layer is arranged on the surface of the first refraction layer and is provided with equally spaced slits.
5. The naked eye three-dimensional fabric according to claim 4, wherein: the surface of the first refraction layer is a columnar prism.
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Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Denomination of invention: A Naked Eye 3D Printing Method and Naked Eye 3D Fabric Effective date of registration: 20231010 Granted publication date: 20211126 Pledgee: Guangzhou Bank Co.,Ltd. Guangzhou Fangcun Branch Pledgor: GUANGZHOU SHENGQIN INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980060613 |