CN109788777B - 包含油菜籽蛋白质分离物的乳剂 - Google Patents
包含油菜籽蛋白质分离物的乳剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109788777B CN109788777B CN201780042121.4A CN201780042121A CN109788777B CN 109788777 B CN109788777 B CN 109788777B CN 201780042121 A CN201780042121 A CN 201780042121A CN 109788777 B CN109788777 B CN 109788777B
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Abstract
本申请描述了一种乳剂,其包含:i)15‑75重量%的水;ii)5‑80重量%的植物油;iii)1.5‑5重量%的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含至少20重量%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40‑65重量%的十字花科植物素和35‑60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3‑10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度;iv)至多15重量%的添加剂;其中i)+ii)+iii)+iv)总计达100%或更少。还描述了获得所述乳剂的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:A)混合成分(i)和(iii)以溶解(iii);B)在搅拌条件下加入(ii);C)在搅拌条件下加入(iv)。所述乳剂被用于食品或宠物食品,优选蛋黄酱、调味汁和蛋黄酱型涂抹酱。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含油菜籽蛋白质分离物、植物油和水的乳剂以及制备所述乳剂的方法。还公开了所述乳剂在食品中的用途。
背景技术
调味汁(dressings)和蛋黄酱型涂抹酱(spreads)是受欢迎的食品(例如三明治、沙拉等)调味料。蛋黄酱是植物油和水以及其它成分(包括蛋黄蛋白质)的可食用乳剂。美国食品和药物管理局(“FDA”)规定:蛋黄酱型涂抹酱可含有植物油、酸化剂(增加酸度的添加剂)、含蛋黄的成分以及任选的其它成分,例如香料、防腐剂和/或结晶抑制剂(21C.F.R.$169.140(a))。FDA将沙拉调味汁描述为由一种或多种植物油、酸化剂、含蛋黄的成分和淀粉糊制成的乳化的半固体食品(21C.F.R.$169.150(a))。
蛋黄蛋白质可用作乳化剂以稳定油/水乳剂以及赋予调味汁或涂抹酱风味和质地。然而,蛋黄的使用通常是不期望的。例如,由于蛋过敏问题、与蛋中胆固醇水平相关的医疗问题、宗教限制/信仰、烹饪偏好(例如素食者或纯素饮食)、蛋价格成本波动、禽类生产中抗生素和激素的使用以及与禽类相关的疾病(例如禽流感),可期望使用替代性乳化剂。
在此类乳剂中使用基于植物的蛋白质是已知的。例如,WO 2008/094434公开了在组合物中使用小麦蛋白质分离物作为使用蛋黄蛋白质的替代方案。在例如WO 2014/018922中也描述了使用基于大豆的蛋白质。然而,使用小麦蛋白质分离物对于那些对麸质过敏的而言可能不是期望的,并且还可能存在对基于大豆的蛋白质的不耐受。
此外,已发现:如果在包装过程中,对用这些植物蛋白制成的乳剂或涂抹酱进行热处理,则可使乳剂不稳定并分离成其成分。
因此,需要找到合适的基于植物的蛋白质分离物,其可被用作乳化剂以代替蛋黄并且仍然保持所需的质地、风味和热稳定性。
大豆蛋白被广泛使用,但考虑到对大豆制品的某些不耐受性,需要寻找植物蛋白的其它来源。合适的替代物包括豌豆蛋白和油菜籽蛋白质。油菜籽种子富含油且含有相当大量的蛋白质,蛋白质占种子干重的17-25%。加工油菜籽以获得供人类消费的油会产生油菜籽粗粉(meal)(也被称为饼(cake);60%)作为副产物,其含有约30%至40%的蛋白质。用于此目的的油菜籽通常属于Brassica napus和Brassica juncea品种。这些品种仅含低水平的芥酸和硫代葡萄糖苷,也被称为加拿大油菜籽(canola)。加拿大油菜籽是加拿大和“ola”(“油低酸(oil low acid)”)的缩写,但现在是一个通用术语,其被定义为含有<2%芥酸和<30mmol/g硫代葡萄糖苷的油菜籽油。所产生的油菜籽粗粉目前被用作高蛋白动物饲料。
蛋白质可以以水解物、天然蛋白质、浓缩物和分离物的形式获得。水解物是通过将蛋白质暴露于热、酸或断开连接氨基酸的键的酶而部分分解了的蛋白质。这使得其味更苦,但也使其在消化过程中比天然(非水解的)蛋白质更快地被吸收。分离物比浓缩物更纯,这意味着其他非蛋白质组分已被部分去除以“分离”蛋白质。许多浓缩物为约80%蛋白质,这意味着:以干基计,总重量的80%是蛋白质。分离物通常为约90%蛋白质(干基)。这是使用Kjeldahl方法计算的。
在油菜籽中发现的主要储藏蛋白是十字花科植物素(cruciferins)和芸苔籽蛋白(napins)。十字花科植物素是球蛋白,是种子中的主要储藏蛋白。十字花科植物素由6个亚基构成,总分子量为约300kDa。芸苔籽蛋白是白蛋白,是分子量为约14kDa的低分子量储藏蛋白。芸苔籽蛋白更容易溶解,例如EP 1715752B1中公开了一种方法,以分离出可溶性较强的芸苔籽蛋白级分,优选达到至少85重量%。芸苔籽蛋白被主要建议用于溶解度很关键的应用中。DE 10 2014 005466 A1也描述了获得经纯化的十字花科植物素和芸苔籽蛋白级分的方法。在该方法中,还获得了具有55-60%芸苔籽蛋白和40-45%十字花科植物素的两者的蛋白质混合物。该蛋白质混合物的溶解度为约75%。
根据以斯韦柏单位(S)计的相应沉降系数,油菜籽蛋白质也可以被分成多种级分。该系数表示大分子在离心场中的沉降速度。对于油菜籽蛋白质而言,主要报道的级分是:12S、7S和2S。十字花科植物素和芸苔籽蛋白是加拿大油菜籽/油菜籽中发现的两种主要的贮藏蛋白家族。芸苔籽蛋白是2S白蛋白,而十字花科植物素是12S球蛋白。此外,Schwenke和Linow(Nahrung(1982)26,K5-K6)指出:来自油菜籽(Brassica napus L.)的12S球蛋白的可逆解离取决于离子强度。十字花科植物素复合物在暴露于较高离子强度(μ≥0.5mS/cm)时以300kDa 12S六聚体的形式存在,在暴露于低离子强度条件时可逆地解离成150kDa的7S三聚体分子。
Aluko等人(Bioproducts and Processing Section,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,107Science Place,Saskatoon,SK,Canada S7N 0X2)描述了将蛋白质水解物形式的油菜籽蛋白质掺入蛋黄酱中以代替高达50%的蛋黄蛋白质,但没有示出任何优点。Von Der Haar等人(OCL(2014)21(1)D104,由EDP Sciences出版)公开了:蛋白质提取方法和蛋白质分离物含量对于例如其中高达15%的蛋黄被替换为油菜籽蛋白质的蛋黄酱的最终性质也是重要的。此外,US 2010/0068370中报道了用油菜籽蛋白质分离物全部或部分地替代蛋黄酱中的蛋黄。然而,该方法的缺点是需要对油菜籽蛋白质分离物进行分级,使得蛋白质微胶粒团(micellar mass)与从上清液中分离的级分一起获得。第一蛋白质微胶粒团具有高含量的7S蛋白质(这些不是12S十字花科植物素,而是解离形式),而第二级分具有高含量的2S蛋白质,2S蛋白质是相对可溶的芸苔籽蛋白。
因此,需要用“原样的”油菜籽蛋白质分离物(部分地)替代蛋黄,即油菜籽蛋白质不必经历分级步骤以仅产生可溶性芸苔籽蛋白和/或其中十字花科植物素被除去或解离成其7S替代物(substituents)。
发明详述
已发现:从冷压含油种子粗粉获得且在温和条件下提取的包含十字花科植物素和芸苔籽蛋白二者的可溶性天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的使用在用于完全或部分替代乳剂中的蛋黄时产生了出乎意料好的结果。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种乳剂,其包含:
i)15-75重量%的水;
ii)5-80重量%的植物油;
iii)1.5-5重量%的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含至少20重量%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40-65重量%的十字花科植物素和35-60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度;
iv)至多15重量%的添加剂;
其中i)+ii)+iii)+iv)总计达100重量%或更少。
由冷压油菜籽压榨粗粉(油菜籽油生产的副产物)产生油菜籽蛋白质分离物。该油菜籽蛋白质分离物生产方法从提取步骤开始,其中将油菜籽粗粉与水性盐溶液(例如0-5%氯化钠)在4-75℃、更优选20-75℃、最优选40-75℃的温度下组合。优选地,粗粉与水的比值为1:5至1:40、更优选1:5至1:20。在5分钟至2小时的时间段之后,将富含蛋白质的溶液与不溶性物质分离。富含蛋白质的溶液在下文中被称为提取物。调节提取物的pH,并进一步处理提取物以澄清材料并除去非蛋白质物质。通过固/液分离步骤(例如过滤或离心)除去残留的脂肪和形成的沉淀物。然后浓缩提取物并在超滤/渗滤(UF/DF)步骤中洗涤。UF/DF步骤的目的是浓缩蛋白质并除去抗营养因子(例如多酚、残留植酸盐、硫代葡萄糖苷)。最后,可以将经洗涤的浓缩物在合适的干燥器(例如入口温度为150-200℃且出口温度为50-100℃的喷雾干燥器(单级或多级))中干燥,从而产生油菜籽蛋白质分离物。优选地,油菜籽蛋白质分离物是在这样的方法中获得的,所述方法不包括用于分离出十字花科植物素和芸苔籽蛋白的分级步骤。优选地,油菜籽蛋白质分离物是在这样的方法中获得的,其中保持芸苔籽蛋白和十字花科植物素的水平基本恒定(即,不有意提高芸苔籽蛋白和十字花科植物素的水平)。
水(i)应该是适合人类消费的水。优选地,乳剂包含15-50重量%的水、更优选15-30重量%的水。
植物油(ii)可以是已知用于可食用乳剂和涂抹酱中的任何植物油。植物油包括但不限于:玉米油,大豆油,油菜籽油,植物油,红花油,葵花油,金莲花籽油,芥菜籽油,橄榄油,芝麻油,花生油,棉籽油,米糠油,巴巴苏坚果油,蓖麻油,棕榈油,棕榈仁油,低芥酸油菜籽油,羽扇豆油,麻疯果油,椰子油,亚麻籽油,月见草油,霍霍巴油,可可脂,任何其级分,以及其任何混合物。优选地,乳剂包含25-80重量%的植物油、更优选50-80重量%的植物油。优选地,植物油包含至少80重量%的油菜籽油。
除天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物(其包含40-65重量%的十字花科植物素和35-60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度)之外,乳化剂(iii)可包含选自以下的蛋白质:乳清蛋白,大豆蛋白,全大豆蛋白,乳蛋白,红花蛋白,油菜籽蛋白,卵蛋白,任何其分离物,任何其浓缩物,以及其任何组合。优选地,乳剂包含2-5重量%的乳化剂、更优选2-4重量%的乳化剂。优选地,乳化剂包含至少30重量%、更优选40重量%、最优选至少60%、特别地至少85%、最特别地至少95%的油菜籽蛋白质分离物。
此外,出乎意料地发现:大约等量的蛋黄蛋白质和油菜籽蛋白质的组合作为iii)中的乳化剂导致比单独使用任何一种时粘度更高的乳剂,从而指示协同效应。因此,在一个优选的实施方式中,提供了根据本发明的乳剂,其中在iii)中,乳化剂包含比值范围为25:75至75:25、优选40:60至60:40、更优选45:55至55:45的油菜籽蛋白质分离物和蛋黄蛋白质。所得乳剂的粘度比仅使用油菜籽蛋白质分离物或仅使用卵蛋白的等价乳剂的粘度平均值高15%。在本发明的乳剂中使用这种组合的一个优点是:其提供了大幅提高的粘度,这意味着可以减少所需油的量并增加水的量以达到所得食品中预期的粘度。然后这些可被生产为低脂替代品。在本文中使用时,术语“乳化剂”包括稳定乳剂的物质。
添加剂(iv)优选包含酸化剂。酸化剂可以是例如醋、柠檬汁、酸橙汁、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、苹果酸、富马酸、乳酸、己二酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、酒石酸及其任何组合。酸化剂可以有效地作为防腐剂以及为组合物赋予风味。醋可以是本领域已知的任何醋,例如白醋、酒醋、苹果汁醋、麦芽醋、香醋(balsamic vinegar)、果醋、草药醋或其任何组合。醋可以以约5%重量的乙酸水溶液商购获得。优选地,乳剂包含1-10重量%的添加剂(iv)、更优选1-5重量%的添加剂(iv)。本公开的乳剂可进一步包含其它成分,例如食物淀粉、甜味剂、香料、调料(seasonings)(包括盐)、食物片(food pieces)、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、甾醇、可溶性纤维、胶、风味剂(flavorings)、防腐剂、着色剂以及它们的任何各种组合。
优选地,当在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下测量时,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的溶解度为至少88%、优选至少94%、更优选至少96%。这又名可溶性固体指数(SSI)。
为了用于人类食物消费,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物优选包含低水平的盐。这可通过测量电导率来确定。优选地,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在2-12的pH范围内在2重量%水溶液中的电导率小于9000μS/cm。更优选地,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在2.5-11.5的pH范围内在2重量%水溶液中的电导率小于4000μS/cm。为了比较,5g/L氯化钠水溶液的电导率为约9400μS/cm。
优选地,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的植酸盐(phytate)水平低于0.4重量%、更优选低于0.25重量%、最优选低于0.15重量%。
优选地,基于干重计,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的蛋白质含量为至少90重量%(以Kjeldahl N x 6.25计算)、更优选地至少94重量%、最优选地至少96重量%、特别地至少98重量%。
优选地,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物是基本上未水解的。基本上未水解的是指未有意水解蛋白质。
优选地,所得乳剂的油滴尺寸为2-10μm、更优选3-6μm。
优选地,所得乳剂在4℃下的粘度大于50000cP,更优选为50000cP至100000cP,还更优选为60000cP至90000cP,最优选为70000cP至80000cP。
此外,所得乳剂优选在110℃下热稳定至少10分钟。
在第二方面,本发明提供了一种获得乳剂的方法,所述乳剂包含:
i)15-75重量%的水;
ii)5-80重量%的植物油;
iii)1.5-5重量%的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含至少20重量%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40-65重量%的十字花科植物素和35-60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度;
iv)至多15重量%的添加剂;
其中i)+ii)+iii)+iv)总计达100重量%或更少,
所述方法包括以下步骤:
A)混合成分(i)和(iii)以溶解(iii);
B)在搅拌条件下加入(ii);
C)在搅拌条件下加入(iv)。
可以使用本领域公知的方法制备乳剂。在本发明的一个实施方式中,提供了形成本发明乳剂的方法,所述方法包括:将乳化剂与水混合,以形成浆体;并将植物油混入所述浆体中以形成乳剂。可以在任何时间添加添加剂或其它成分。优选地,如果添加剂是酸化剂,则在混入植物油后添加。根据另一实施方式,所述方法可包括将至少一种另外的成分与油菜籽蛋白质分离物混合。
在第三方面,本发明提供了根据本发明第一方面的乳剂在食品或宠物食品中的用途。
在一个优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了乳剂在食品中的用途,所述食品选自蛋黄酱、调味汁和蛋黄酱型涂抹酱。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了乳剂在宠物食品中的用途,所述宠物食品包含以宠物食品的重量计为5%-35%、优选25%-30%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物。天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物可被用作宠物食品中的麸质替代成分,这是有利的,因为一些宠物可对麸质敏感。术语“宠物食品”是指旨在由宠物消耗的任何组合物。肉或鱼宠物食品可以是具有逼真的肉样或鱼样形像的肉或鱼乳剂产品。可以在肉或鱼材料被乳化之前和/或之后将油菜籽蛋白质分离物加入肉或鱼材料中,如例如WO2015/114543中所述。宠物可以是任何合适的动物,例如禽鸟、牛、犬、马、猫、山羊、狼、鼠、绵羊或猪动物。
以下描述本发明的非限制性实施例和对比例。
实施例
试验方法
蛋白质含量
根据AOAC官方方法991.20牛奶中的(总)氮(AOAC Official Method991.20Nitrogen(Total)in Milk)通过Kjeldahl方法来测定天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的蛋白质含量,使用换算因数6.25来确定蛋白质的量(%(w/w))。
电导率
使用电导率仪Hach sensION+EC71测量天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在2重量%水溶液中的电导率。
植酸盐水平
基于Ellis等人,Analytical Biochemistry第77卷:536-539(1977),使用方法QD495在Eurofins测量植酸盐水平。
粘度分析
使用配备有丁字架主轴no C(如果预期粘度在20000-50000cP范围内)或D(如果预期粘度>50000cP)的升降支架上的Brookfield DVE粘度计。将乳剂(125g)置于样品罐(50cm3)中并在约4℃下储存至少24小时。在测试之前,测量乳剂的温度。将转速设定为12rpm。使用升降支架将主轴降低到乳剂中,观察读数,并记录马上到达升降迹线末端时的粘度值。
热稳定性试验
将防油烤纸放在烤盘上。将金属模制环(直径3.5cm,高度1.0cm)放在纸上,并用乳剂填充环,同时避免夹带空气。用抹刀将乳剂抹平滑。缓慢取出模制环,使乳剂圆柱状物留在纸上。将烤盘置于110℃的预热烘箱中并孵育10分钟。从烘箱中取出烤盘后,视觉观察乳剂圆柱状物,寻找防油纸上的油分离。理想地,没有/很少油从乳剂圆柱状物中析出。
油滴测量
通过激光衍射粒度分析仪LS13320(Beckman Coulter B.V.Woerden,荷兰)测量乳剂液滴尺寸。
溶解度试验
以下溶解度试验改编自Morr等人(J.Food Sci.(1985)50,1715-1718),不同之处在于使用水代替0.1M氯化钠。
将足以提供0.8g蛋白质的蛋白质粉末称量到烧杯中。向粉末中加入少量脱矿质水,并搅拌混合物直至形成光滑的糊状物。然后加入另外的脱矿质水以使总重量为40g(产生2%w/w的蛋白质分散体)。使用磁力搅拌器缓慢搅拌分散体至少30分钟。然后测定pH并用氢氧化钠或盐酸将pH调节至期望水平(2、3、4等)。测量分散体的pH并在60分钟的搅拌期间定期校正pH。搅拌60分钟后,保留蛋白质分散体的等份用于蛋白质含量测定(Kjeldahl分析)。将另一部分样品以20000g离心2分钟。离心后分离上清液和沉淀。也通过Kjeldahl分析确定蛋白质含量。
蛋白质溶解度(%)=(上清液中的蛋白质/总分散体中的蛋白质)×100。
用于测定溶解度的替代方法是可用的,在某些情况下使用缓冲剂,如WO 2011/057408中的硼酸盐-磷酸盐缓冲剂。然而,例如值与在本申请中获得的在没有缓冲剂的情况下测定的值不能比较。
实施例1
制备油菜籽蛋白质分离物(RPI90)
由冷压油菜籽含油种子粗粉制备油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述冷压油菜籽含油种子粗粉的含油量基于干物质计小于15%,清洁并在75℃之下处理。
在提取步骤中,将冷压油菜籽含油种子粗粉与水性盐溶液(1-5%氯化钠)在40-75℃的温度下混合。粗粉与水性盐溶液的比值在1:5至1:20的范围内。约30分钟至1小时后,将富含蛋白质的溶液(提取物)与不溶物质分离。将提取物的pH调节至中性,并进一步处理提取物以澄清材料并除去非蛋白质物质。
在脱脂步骤中,利用离心通过液/液分离步骤除去残留的脂肪。通过在使植酸盐沉淀的盐(例如氯化钙)的存在下将材料的pH调节至中性来除去非蛋白质物质。通过固/液分离步骤(例如膜压滤机或离心)除去形成的沉淀物,其中杂质以固体盐形式(例如植酸钙)被除去。然后浓缩提取物并在超滤/渗滤(UF/DF)步骤中洗涤。最后,将经洗涤的浓缩物在入口温度为150-200℃且出口温度为50-100℃的喷雾干燥器中干燥,从而产生了油菜籽蛋白质分离物。准备几个批次并检测。
表1
所产生的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在2.5-11.5的pH范围内在2%溶液中的电导率小于4000μS/cm。
所产生的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40-65%的十字花科植物素和35-60%的芸苔籽蛋白。
所产生的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物含有少于0.26重量%的植酸盐。
当在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下测量时,所产生的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的溶解度为至少88%,如表1中关于两个批次所示。
实施例2
使用油菜籽蛋白质分离物(RPI)制备乳剂
在本实施例中,制备了典型的蛋黄酱。所有成分均处于环境温度(23±2℃)下,量如下表2所示。将自来水、盐和根据本发明的RPI(实施例1,可从DSM获得的RPI90,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,其包含40-65%的十字花科植物素和35-60%的芸苔籽蛋白,在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下的溶解度为至少88%,在2.5-11.5的pH范围内在2%溶液中的电导率小于4000μS/cm)加入烧杯(1L)中。通过用手持式厨房搅拌器(Bosch 300瓦,2个刀片,速度设定为1)混合5秒,使盐和油菜籽蛋白质分离物溶解在水中,然后静置以使油菜籽蛋白质分离物完全水合,持续约1分钟。之后用搅拌器混合蛋白质/盐溶液,同时通过漏斗以2-3g油/秒的速度逐渐加入植物油,历时2-3分钟。在添加过程中,通过上下移动混合器将油均匀地加工到溶液中。添加油完成后,继续混合,并经1分钟加入醋。同样,通过上下移动混合器将醋均匀地加工到乳剂中。混合后,将蛋黄酱转移到50cm3罐中,同时尽可能避免夹带空气,然后在开始进一步分析之前将其储存在4℃下至少24小时。
所得乳剂的中值油滴尺寸为4.0μm,粘度为79000cP。
所得乳剂是热稳定的。
表2
成分 | 剂量(g) | 最终食谱中的浓度(%) |
RPI90 | 15.0 | 2.9 |
水 | 107.0 | 21 |
氯化钠 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
葵花油 | 375 | 74 |
白醋 | 10 | 2 |
实施例3
使用RPI和蛋黄粉制备乳剂
重复实施例2,但使用50%蛋黄粉(可从Sanovo获得的EYP HS)和50%根据本发明的RPI(实施例1,可从DSM获得的RPI90,天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,其包含40-65%的十字花科植物素和35-60%的芸苔籽蛋白,在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下的溶解度为至少88%,在2.5-11.5的pH范围内在2%溶液中的电导率小于4000μS/cm),使用下表3中所述的量。
所得乳剂的中值油滴尺寸为5.5μm,粘度为81200cP。基于实施例2和对比例1(下文)的结果,会预计平均粘度将为67000cP(即[79,000+55,700]/2)。然而,测得的粘度增加了超过15%,因此表现出协同效应。
所得乳剂是热稳定的。
表3
成分 | 剂量(g) | 在乳剂中的浓度(%) |
蛋黄粉HS Sanovo | 7.5 | 1.5 |
RPI90 | 7.5 | 1.5 |
水 | 107.0 | 21 |
氯化钠 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
葵花油 | 375 | 74 |
白醋 | 10 | 2 |
对比例1
使用蛋黄粉制备乳剂
重复实施例2,但使用热稳定的(经酶促处理的)蛋黄粉(可从Sanovo获得的EYPHS)代替油菜籽蛋白质分离物RP190,使用下表4中所述的量。
所得乳剂的中值油滴尺寸为6.7μm,粘度为55700cP。
所得乳剂是热稳定的。
表4
成分 | 剂量(g) | 在乳剂中的浓度(%) |
蛋黄粉HS Sanovo | 15.0 | 2.9 |
水 | 107.0 | 21 |
氯化钠 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
葵花油 | 375 | 74 |
白醋 | 10 | 2 |
对比例2
使用低溶解度RPI制备乳剂
重复实施例2,但使用在3-8的pH范围内的溶解度低于90%且在4-6的pH范围内的溶解度低于70%的低溶解度(传统)RPI,使用下表5中所述的量。
所得乳剂的中值油滴尺寸为39μm,粘度为30900cP。
表5
成分 | 剂量(g) | 在乳剂中的浓度(%) |
传统RPI | 15.0 | 2.9 |
水 | 107.0 | 21 |
氯化钠 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
葵花油 | 375 | 74 |
白醋 | 10 | 2 |
Claims (12)
1.一种乳剂,其包含:
i)15-75重量%的水;
ii)5-80重量%的植物油;
iii)1.5-5重量%的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含至少20重量%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40-65重量%的十字花科植物素和35-60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度;
iv)至多15重量%的添加剂;
其中i)+ii)+iii)+iv)总计达100重量%或更少,
且其中,所述乳剂的油滴尺寸为2-10μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳剂,其中在步骤iii)中,所述乳化剂包含比值范围为40:60至60:40的油菜籽蛋白质分离物和蛋黄蛋白质。
3.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其粘度为50000cP-100000cP。
4.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其在110℃下热稳定至少10分钟。
5.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其中所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少94%的溶解度。
6.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其中所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物在2-12的pH范围内在2重量%水溶液中的电导率小于9000μS/cm。
7.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其中所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的植酸盐水平低于0.4重量%。
8.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的乳剂,其中所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物的蛋白质含量为基于干重计至少90重量%(Nx6.25)。
9.一种获得乳剂的方法,所述乳剂包含:
i)15-75重量%的水;
ii)5-80重量%的植物油;
iii)1.5-5重量%的乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含至少20重量%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物,所述天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物包含40-65重量%的十字花科植物素和35-60重量%的芸苔籽蛋白并且在3-10的pH范围内在23±2℃的温度下具有至少88%的溶解度;
iv)至多15重量%的添加剂;
其中i)+ii)+iii)+iv)总计达100重量%或更少,
且其中,所述乳剂的油滴尺寸为2-10μm,
所述方法包括以下步骤:
A)混合成分(i)和(iii)以溶解(iii);
B)在搅拌条件下加入(ii);
C)在搅拌条件下加入(iv)。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的乳剂在食品或宠物食品中的用途。
11.根据权利要求10所述的乳剂在食品中的用途,所述食品选自蛋黄酱、调味汁和蛋黄酱型涂抹酱。
12.根据权利要求10所述的乳剂在宠物食品中的用途,所述宠物食品包含5%-35%的天然油菜籽蛋白质分离物。
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