CN109772868B - Soil ecological environment restoration method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution - Google Patents
Soil ecological environment restoration method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil ecological environment restoration method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution, which comprises the following steps: screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment; primary repair: adding leacheate with the volume 3.5-4 times of that of the soil, and carrying out primary treatment for 6-8h at the temperature of 26-28 ℃; separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained by separation; and (3) secondary repair: adding the soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil, adding tap water with one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 3-5 d. The method adopts primary repair and secondary repair to the soil polluted by the heavy metals, the elution is carried out by adopting the eluent in the primary repair, and the eluent adopts the aqueous solution of organic acid, so that part of the heavy metals in the soil can be washed away; the secondary repair is carried out by adopting a soil repairing agent, so that the heavy metal which is not washed away can be continuously adsorbed and degraded, and meanwhile, the soil fertility can be improved by adding the soil repairing agent into the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a soil ecological environment remediation method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution.
Background
The soil is used as an important component of the earth environment, the quality of the soil environment is closely related to our life, and is also an important component of the ecological environment, and the soil is finally used for the lodging of various pollutants, and 90 percent of the pollutants in the soil in the world are finally retained.
The soil pollution type is mainly inorganic pollutants, the organic pollutants are second, the proportion of composite pollution is small, and the number of the inorganic pollutant exceeding standard points accounts for 82.8% of the total number of the exceeding standard points. Soil pollution causes the problems of soil fertility reduction, serious reduction of yield and quality of agricultural products and the like, and pollutants are transferred and enriched in forms of food chains and the like so as to harm human health and ecological environment.
At present, the commonly used remediation methods aiming at the polluted soil comprise a soil-burning method, a chemical leaching method, a solidification stabilization method, an electrodynamic force remediation method, an extraction method, an oxidation-reduction method, an original passivation method, a biological remediation method and the like. However, these techniques have certain defects and application ranges, or have limitations such as high cost, great engineering difficulty, limited pollution repair, and pending improvement of repair effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for restoring the ecological environment of soil for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution, which adopts primary restoration and secondary restoration to the soil polluted by heavy metal, the primary restoration is eluted by using eluent, and the eluent adopts aqueous solution of organic acid, so that part of heavy metal in the soil can be washed away; the secondary repair is carried out by adopting a soil repairing agent, the soil repairing agent comprises hydrated lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a biological repairing material, can continuously adsorb and degrade the unwashed heavy metals, and can improve the fertility of the soil and increase microorganisms in the soil when added into the soil; the soil is repaired twice by different methods, so that the repairing effect is very obvious, and secondary pollution to the soil is not generated.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating the heavy metal pollution comprises the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pre-treated contaminated soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 3.5-4 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 6-8 h;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding the soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:80-90, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 3-5d to obtain the soil with the standard repair.
Further, the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of slaked lime, 18-24 parts of biochar, 16-20 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 6-9 parts of modified sepiolite and 10-13 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent.
Further, the inorganic adsorption material comprises hydroxyapatite, diatomite and zeolite, and the inorganic adsorption material is prepared by compounding the hydroxyapatite, the diatomite and the zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.6: 0.2-0.3.
Further, the biochar is prepared by the following method:
drying mushroom residues, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder, and sieving with N2Under the protection condition, the temperature rise rate is kept at 5 ℃/min, and the biochar is obtained by cracking for 4h at 460 ℃.
Further, the modified sepiolite is prepared by the following method:
(1) according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: weighing 20mL of sepiolite, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, placing on a high-speed stirrer, and stirring for 15min at the normal temperature of 10000r/min to obtain sepiolite mixed liquid;
(2) weighing biochemical fulvic acid, adding the biochemical fulvic acid into deionized water, and preparing 5g/mL biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution for later use;
(3) adding biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution into sepiolite mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:0.9-1.1, and stirring at a high speed of 10000r/min for 12 h;
(4) and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a Buchner funnel, performing suction filtration, repeatedly washing with deionized water for 4-5 times, putting the filter cake after suction filtration into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, drying for 12 hours, grinding after drying, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the modified sepiolite.
Further, the biological repair material is prepared by the following method:
(1) drying and crushing malt roots, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain malt root powder, weighing 13g of malt root powder, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding 260mL of deionized water and 0.7g of copper chloride, sealing the reaction kettle, keeping stirring at a constant speed of 250r/min, heating to 165-175 ℃, reacting at a constant temperature for 22-28min, filtering, and collecting solids;
(2) inoculating thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a PDA culture medium, culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 days, selecting conidia, inoculating the conidia into a liquid culture medium, and culturing at 200r/min for 30-35min to obtain a bacterial liquid;
(3) weighing 10g of solid prepared in the step (1) to be used as a solid culture medium, inoculating a bacterial liquid with an inoculation amount of 5% after sterilization, adding 20mL of sterilized water, culturing for 6d at 25 ℃ and in a humidity environment of 45-50% after shaking and mixing uniformly, taking out and air-drying to prepare the bioremediation material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of firstly adopting an eluent to elute the soil polluted by the heavy metal for preliminary remediation, wherein the eluent adopts aqueous solution of natural organic acid, such as tartaric acid, citric acid and malic acid, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the organic acid is 10-13%, the basic structure of natural organic acid molecules is aromatic ring and alicyclic ring, the rings have carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, methoxy and other groups, the eluent has the functions of exchanging, complexing or chelating metal ions, is easy to form soluble compounds with the heavy metal, is easy to biodegrade, and is green and environment-friendly;
the soil remediation agent is used for performing secondary remediation on soil, and comprises slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material, wherein 1) the chemical passivation effect of the slaked lime on various heavy metals can block the migration of the heavy metals, the physical adsorption effect of the biochar adsorbs the heavy metals such as Hg in the soil, the content of the heavy metals in the polluted soil is reduced, and the purpose of synergistic migration blocking is achieved; 2) In the process of preparing the biochar by pyrolyzing the mushroom residues at high temperature, part of organic matters in the biomass are decomposed at high temperature to generate gas and liquid components and then are lost, and the obtained biochar is a carbon-rich solid material, has a large surface area, is porous on the surface and has strong adsorption capacity; 3) the biochar prepared by utilizing the mushroom residues has high nitrogen content and relatively small C/N ratio, and after the biochar is applied to soil, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil by plants can be increased, the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the soil fertility is improved; 4) the sepiolite has a unique nano rod-shaped crystal structure, can be quickly hydrated under high-speed stirring, and simultaneously forms a three-dimensional network structure between rods through the action of static electricity and van der waals force; the biochemical fulvic acid contains a plurality of binding sites such as carboxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, and can be combined with minerals to form a mineral-fulvic acid colloid; the sepiolite is modified by biochemical fulvic acid, and a large number of functional groups such as carboxyl and the like are obtained after the biochemical fulvic acid is grafted on the surface of the sepiolite, so that adsorption sites are increased; the modified sepiolite adsorbs heavy metal ions, namely negatively charged adsorption sites in the modified sepiolite, and hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl (from the sepiolite) or carboxyl carried by the sepiolite and the heavy metal ions, and the modification of fulvic acid increases the adsorption sites and improves the adsorption effect of the sepiolite on the heavy metal ions; 5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking malt roots as raw materials, carrying out hydrothermal treatment, and then carrying out mixed fermentation to obtain a soil biological repair material, wherein the obtained repair material is the malt roots loaded with thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and the repair material can effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic bacteria in soil, improve the quantity of beneficial microorganisms and repair damaged ecological environment; the loaded thiobacillus ferrooxidans can also biodegrade heavy metals in the soil, and can move, fix or convert the heavy metals in the soil, so that the content of the heavy metals in the soil is reduced; the soil remediation agent carries out secondary remediation on the soil from multiple aspects, can obviously reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil and improve the fertility of the soil;
the method adopts primary repair and secondary repair to the soil polluted by the heavy metals, the elution is carried out by adopting the eluent in the primary repair, and the eluent adopts the aqueous solution of organic acid, so that part of the heavy metals in the soil can be washed away; the secondary repair is carried out by adopting a soil repairing agent, the soil repairing agent comprises hydrated lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a biological repairing material, can continuously adsorb and degrade the unwashed heavy metals, and can improve the fertility of the soil and increase microorganisms in the soil when added into the soil; the soil is repaired twice by different methods, so that the repairing effect is very obvious, and secondary pollution to the soil is not generated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating the heavy metal pollution comprises the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pre-treated contaminated soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 3.5-4 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 6-8 h;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding a soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:80-90, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 3-5d to obtain the soil with the standard repair;
the leacheate is prepared from aqueous solutions of natural organic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid and malic acid, the concentration of the aqueous solutions of the natural organic acids is 10-13%, the basic structures of molecules of the natural organic acids are aromatic rings and alicyclic rings, the rings are provided with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, methoxy and other groups, the leacheate has the effects of exchanging, complexing or chelating metal ions, is easy to form soluble compounds with heavy metals, is easy to biodegrade and is green and environment-friendly;
the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of slaked lime, 18-24 parts of biochar, 16-20 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 6-9 parts of modified sepiolite and 10-13 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent;
the chemical passivation effect of the hydrated lime on various heavy metals can block the migration of the heavy metals, and the physical adsorption effect of the biochar can adsorb the heavy metals such as Hg and the like in the soil, so that the content of the heavy metals in the polluted soil is reduced, and the purpose of synergistic migration prevention is achieved;
the inorganic adsorption material comprises hydroxyapatite, diatomite and zeolite, and the inorganic adsorption material is prepared by compounding the hydroxyapatite, the diatomite and the zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.6: 0.2-0.3;
the biochar is prepared by the following method:
drying mushroom residues, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder, and sieving with N2Under the protection condition, keeping the heating rate at 5 ℃/min, and cracking for 4h at 460 ℃ to obtain biochar;
in the process of preparing the biochar by pyrolyzing the mushroom residues at high temperature, part of organic matters in the biomass are decomposed at high temperature to generate gas and liquid components and then are lost, and the obtained biochar is a carbon-rich solid material, has a large surface area, is porous on the surface and has strong adsorption capacity; the biochar prepared by utilizing the mushroom residues has high nitrogen content and relatively small C/N ratio, and after the biochar is applied to soil, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil by plants can be increased, the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the soil fertility is improved;
the modified sepiolite is prepared by the following method:
according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: weighing 20mL of sepiolite, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, placing on a high-speed stirrer, and stirring for 15min at the normal temperature of 10000r/min to obtain sepiolite mixed liquid;
weighing biochemical fulvic acid, adding the biochemical fulvic acid into deionized water, and preparing 5g/mL biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution for later use;
adding biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution into sepiolite mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:0.9-1.1, and stirring at a high speed of 10000r/min for 12 h;
after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a Buchner funnel, performing suction filtration, repeatedly washing with deionized water for 4-5 times to remove residual biochemical fulvic acid, putting the filter cake after suction filtration into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, drying for 12h, grinding after drying, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified sepiolite;
the sepiolite has a unique nano rod-shaped crystal structure, can be quickly hydrated under high-speed stirring, and simultaneously forms a three-dimensional network structure between rods through the action of static electricity and van der waals force; the biochemical fulvic acid contains a plurality of binding sites such as carboxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, and can be combined with minerals to form a mineral-fulvic acid colloid; the sepiolite is modified by biochemical fulvic acid, and a large number of functional groups such as carboxyl and the like are obtained after the biochemical fulvic acid is grafted on the surface of the sepiolite, so that adsorption sites are increased; the modified sepiolite adsorbs heavy metal ions, namely negatively charged adsorption sites in the modified sepiolite, and hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl (from the sepiolite) or carboxyl carried by the sepiolite and the heavy metal ions, and the modification of fulvic acid increases the adsorption sites and improves the adsorption effect of the sepiolite on the heavy metal ions;
the biological repair material is prepared by the following method:
(1) drying and crushing malt roots, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain malt root powder, weighing 13g of malt root powder, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding 260mL of deionized water and 0.7g of copper chloride, sealing the reaction kettle, keeping stirring at a constant speed of 250r/min, heating to 165-175 ℃, reacting at a constant temperature for 22-28min, filtering, and collecting solids;
(2) inoculating thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a PDA culture medium, culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 days, selecting conidia, inoculating the conidia into a liquid culture medium, and culturing at 200r/min for 30-35min to obtain a bacterial liquid;
(3) weighing 10g of solid prepared in the step (1) to serve as a solid culture medium, inoculating a bacterial liquid with an inoculation amount of 5% after sterilization, adding 20mL of sterilized water, shaking, uniformly mixing, culturing for 6d in an environment with 25 ℃ and 45-50% humidity, taking out, and air-drying to obtain a bioremediation material;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking malt roots as raw materials, carrying out hydrothermal treatment, and then carrying out mixed fermentation to obtain a soil biological repair material, wherein the obtained repair material is the malt roots loaded with thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and the repair material can effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic bacteria in soil, improve the quantity of beneficial microorganisms and repair damaged ecological environment; the loaded thiobacillus ferrooxidans can also biodegrade heavy metals in the soil, move, fix or convert the heavy metals in the soil and the like, and reduce the content of the heavy metals in the soil.
Example 1
The method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating the heavy metal pollution comprises the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pre-treated contaminated soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 3.5 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment at 26 ℃ for 6 hours;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding a soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:80, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment for 3d at 26 ℃ to obtain the soil with the standard repair;
the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of slaked lime, 18 parts of biochar, 16 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 6 parts of modified sepiolite and 10 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent.
Example 2
The method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating the heavy metal pollution comprises the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pretreated polluted soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 3.8 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment at 27 ℃ for 7 hours;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding a soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:85, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment for 4d at 27 ℃ to obtain the soil meeting the repair standard;
the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of hydrated lime, 21 parts of biochar, 18 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 7.5 parts of modified sepiolite and 11.5 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent.
Example 3
The method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating the heavy metal pollution comprises the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pretreated polluted soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 4 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment for 8 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding a soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:90, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment for 5d at 28 ℃ to obtain the soil with the standard repair;
the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of slaked lime, 24 parts of biochar, 20 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 9 parts of modified sepiolite and 13 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent.
Tests prove that the amount of heavy metals (Hg, Pb and Cd) in the soil subjected to remediation treatment in the examples 1 to 3 is reduced by 62.5 to 70 percent, which shows that most of the heavy metals can be washed away or adsorbed, and the remediation method disclosed by the invention can effectively reduce the content of the heavy metals in the soil.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The method for restoring the ecological environment of the soil for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening and crushing: screening and crushing the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment to ensure that the average particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 20mm, thereby obtaining pretreated polluted soil;
primary repair: transferring the pre-treated contaminated soil to a treatment tank, adding an eluent with the volume 3.5-4 times that of the soil, stirring to uniformly mix the soil and the eluent, and carrying out primary treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 6-8 h;
separating mud from water: carrying out mud-water separation on the soil after the preliminary remediation is finished, treating the separated wastewater through an electrochemical reaction to precipitate and separate heavy metals, and carrying out secondary remediation on the soil obtained through the separation;
and (3) secondary repair: adding a soil repairing agent into the primarily repaired soil according to the mass ratio of 1:80-90, adding tap water of one fourth of the mass of the soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and performing repairing treatment at 26-28 ℃ for 3-5d to obtain the soil with the standard repair;
the soil remediation agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of slaked lime, 18-24 parts of biochar, 16-20 parts of inorganic adsorbing material, 6-9 parts of modified sepiolite and 10-13 parts of bioremediation material;
uniformly mixing slaked lime, biochar, an inorganic adsorption material, modified sepiolite and a bioremediation material according to parts by weight to prepare the soil remediation agent;
the inorganic adsorption material comprises hydroxyapatite, diatomite and zeolite, and the inorganic adsorption material is prepared by compounding the hydroxyapatite, the diatomite and the zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.6: 0.2-0.3;
the biochar is prepared by the following method:
drying mushroom residues, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder, and sieving with N2Under the protection condition, keeping the heating rate at 5 ℃/min, and cracking for 4h at 460 ℃ to obtain biochar;
the modified sepiolite is prepared by the following method:
(1) according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: weighing 20mL of sepiolite, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, placing on a high-speed stirrer, and stirring for 15min at the normal temperature of 10000r/min to obtain sepiolite mixed liquid;
(2) weighing biochemical fulvic acid, adding the biochemical fulvic acid into deionized water, and preparing 5g/mL biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution for later use;
(3) adding biochemical fulvic acid aqueous solution into sepiolite mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:0.9-1.1, and stirring at a high speed of 10000r/min for 12 h;
(4) after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a Buchner funnel, performing suction filtration, repeatedly washing with deionized water for 4-5 times, putting the filter cake after suction filtration into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, drying for 12 hours, grinding after drying, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified sepiolite;
the biological repair material is prepared by the following method:
(1) drying and crushing malt roots, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain malt root powder, weighing 13g of malt root powder, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding 260mL of deionized water and 0.7g of copper chloride, sealing the reaction kettle, keeping stirring at a constant speed of 250r/min, heating to 165-175 ℃, reacting at a constant temperature for 22-28min, filtering, and collecting solids;
(2) inoculating thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a PDA culture medium, culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 days, selecting conidia, inoculating the conidia into a liquid culture medium, and culturing at 200r/min for 30-35min to obtain a bacterial liquid;
(3) weighing 10g of solid prepared in the step (1) to be used as a solid culture medium, inoculating a bacterial liquid with an inoculation amount of 5% after sterilization, adding 20mL of sterilized water, culturing for 6d at 25 ℃ and in a humidity environment of 45-50% after shaking and mixing uniformly, taking out and air-drying to prepare the bioremediation material.
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| CN112792118B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 济南大学 | Method for preparing active filler by using hydroxyapatite, zero-valent iron and humic acid and application thereof |
| CN112958619B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-04-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Fermentation chemical remediation method and device for heavy metal polluted underground water |
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