CN109752232B - Gas-solid separation device - Google Patents
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- CN109752232B CN109752232B CN201711078581.0A CN201711078581A CN109752232B CN 109752232 B CN109752232 B CN 109752232B CN 201711078581 A CN201711078581 A CN 201711078581A CN 109752232 B CN109752232 B CN 109752232B
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas-solid separation device, which comprises a concentration container, a sample injection mechanism and a flow guide mechanism, wherein the concentration container is provided with a pneumatic cavity and an air extraction column, the sample injection mechanism is provided with a sample injection channel, a flow limiting hole and a flow dividing hole which are communicated in sequence, the aperture of the flow limiting hole is smaller than that of the flow dividing hole, and the size of the flow dividing hole is gradually increased at one end close to the pneumatic cavity; the flow guiding mechanism is provided with a flow guiding channel. Through setting up restriction orifice, branch flow hole, water conservancy diversion passageway and the extraction column that can mutually support, when being connected above-mentioned gas-solid separation device and analytical equipment's vacuum sampling interface, under the condition that adopts conventional vacuum load, the majority gaseous that flows from the branch flow hole is taken away, and particulate matter and little gaseous then fly into analytical equipment's vacuum chamber again after getting into the water conservancy diversion passageway, can increase the aerosol on the whole and advance the flow, realized the concentration to the aerosol, this will be favorable to developing aerosol under the low concentration advance and detect work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of analytical instruments and equipment, in particular to a gas-solid separation device.
Background
Aerosols are colloidal dispersions formed by dispersing and suspending small particles of a solid or liquid in a gaseous medium. Aerosols have complex physicochemical properties and have important effects on climate, environment and human health. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties, the source characteristics and the like of the aerosol are deeply understood to have important significance for benefiting mankind by utilizing the aerosol. However, analysis of aerosols has been a hotspot and difficulty in scientific research, where analytical equipment is critical for the study of aerosols.
Many analytical instruments require that aerosol analysis be performed in a vacuum environment and that aerosol particles be introduced from atmospheric pressure into the vacuum environment, followed by a series of processes on the aerosol introduced into the vacuum, including particle focusing, collection, ionization, desorption, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the aerosol into a vacuum environment and separate the gas from the particulate matter by a certain technical means.
The conventional instrument adopts a thin-wall round hole tablet to directly sample, and a vacuum pump is used for providing a vacuum environment to separate gas from aerosol, which is a common particle vacuum sample feeding method. However, since the general vacuum analysis apparatus requires a certain vacuum degree value to be achieved inside the apparatus, that is, due to the limitation of vacuum load, the size of the sample injection hole (also referred to as "critical hole") cannot be large. Particularly, under the mass spectrometry environment, the size of the sample injection hole of the thin-wall round hole piece is very small, and the sample injection flow is generally limited to about 100 mL/min. The amount of aerosol injected per unit time is limited. Under the environment with lower concentration, the sample injection amount in unit time is often too low, which is unfavorable for carrying out the sample injection and detection work of aerosol under low concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a gas-solid separation device capable of increasing the aerosol sample injection flow rate without affecting the vacuum load of the vacuum analysis apparatus.
A gas-solid separation device comprising:
the concentrating container is provided with an air pressure cavity, and is provided with an air extraction column communicated with the air pressure cavity, and the air extraction column is used for being connected with an air extraction device;
the sample injection mechanism is provided with a sample injection channel, a limiting hole and a diversion hole which are communicated in sequence, the aperture of the limiting hole is smaller than that of the diversion hole, the sample injection mechanism is arranged on the concentration container, the diversion hole is communicated with the air pressure cavity, and the size of the diversion hole is gradually increased at one end close to the air pressure cavity; and
the air flow guide mechanism is provided with a guide channel, the guide mechanism is arranged on the concentration container, the sample inlet end of the guide mechanism extends into the air pressure cavity and into the end where the air flow outlet in the flow dividing hole is located, an air extraction gap is arranged between the sample inlet end of the guide mechanism and the hole wall of the flow dividing hole, and the guide channel, the flow dividing hole and the flow limiting hole are coaxial;
the diversion mechanism and/or the concentration container are/is used for connecting with a vacuum sample inlet.
In one embodiment, the sample injection mechanism comprises a flow divider, a sample injector and a flow restrictor plate;
the diverter is provided with a mounting groove and a diversion hole positioned at the bottom of the mounting groove, the mounting groove stretches into the air pressure cavity, and the side wall of the mounting groove is abutted against the inner wall of the air pressure cavity;
the sample injector is provided with the air inlet channel, is arranged in the mounting groove and is abutted against the inner side wall of the mounting groove;
the flow limiting piece is provided with the flow limiting hole, and the flow limiting piece is arranged in the mounting groove and positioned between the diverter and the sample injector, so that the flow limiting hole is respectively communicated with the sample injection channel and the diversion hole.
In one embodiment, the aperture of the flow restricting orifice is not less than 0.2mm.
In one embodiment, the diverter is provided with a flange facing the outside of the mounting groove, which flange abuts against the wall of the concentrate container.
In one embodiment, the sample injector has a stepped structure, the sample injector is mounted in the mounting groove of the shunt, and the step of the sample injector is flush with the flange of the shunt.
In one embodiment, the gas-solid separation device further comprises a fixing plate, wherein the fixing plate is sleeved on the sample injector and is connected with the diverter and the concentration container through a fastener.
In one embodiment, the air extraction opening of the air extraction column is close to the end where the air flow outlet of the flow dividing hole is located; and/or
The plurality of air extraction columns are arranged on the side wall of the concentration container, and the plurality of air extraction columns are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the flow dividing hole.
In one embodiment, the concentrating container is provided with a sample outlet, an inner step is arranged at the end of the sample outlet of the concentrating container, and the sample outlet end part of the flow guiding mechanism is abutted against the inner step of the concentrating container.
In one embodiment, the flow guiding mechanism is a separation cone.
In one embodiment, the outer profile of the separation cone is streamlined.
The gas-solid separation device comprises a concentration container, a sample injection mechanism and a flow guide mechanism, wherein the concentration container is provided with an air extraction column communicated with the air pressure cavity, the sample injection mechanism is provided with a sample injection channel, a flow limiting hole and a flow dividing hole which are sequentially communicated, the aperture of the flow limiting hole is smaller than that of the flow dividing hole so as to concentrate particles in an aerosol sample, and the size of the flow dividing hole is gradually increased at one end close to the air pressure cavity so that part of air flow is smoothly extracted without influencing the flow direction of the particles; the flow guide mechanism is arranged on the concentration container and is provided with a flow guide channel so as to meet the vacuum load requirement of the vacuum analysis equipment, and aerosol entering the flow guide channel is changed from a turbulent flow state to a laminar flow state, so that the follow-up focusing is facilitated. Through setting up restriction orifice, branch flow hole, water conservancy diversion passageway and the column of bleeding that can mutually support, when being connected above-mentioned gas-solid separation device and analytical equipment's vacuum sampling interface, under the condition that adopts conventional vacuum load, under the promotion of atmospheric pressure difference, because gaseous molecule and particulate matter's inertia is different, the majority of gas that flows from the branch flow hole will be taken away, particulate matter and little gaseous then get into the vacuum chamber of analytical equipment after the water conservancy diversion passageway, can increase the aerosol sampling flow on the whole, realized concentrating to the aerosol, this will be favorable to developing the sample introduction and the detection work of aerosol under the low concentration.
Further, be equipped with the restriction piece of being convenient for change in above-mentioned gas-solid separation device's the introduction mechanism, through the aperture adjustment of restriction piece and with bleed flow matched with, can make the introduction flow of aerosol increase, but still can guarantee that the gas introduction volume that follow-up gets into analytical equipment remains unchanged to increased particulate matter concentration, improved the test accuracy of detecting structure.
Further, the flow guiding mechanism of the gas-solid separation device is preferably a separation cone, the outer contour of the separation cone is streamline, interference of air flow to particulate matters is reduced in the process of air extraction flow, and the beam focusing effect on aerosol can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas-solid separation device according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, a gas-solid separation device 10 according to an embodiment includes a concentration container 100, a sample injection mechanism 200, and a flow guiding mechanism 300.
The concentration vessel 100 has an air pressure chamber 101, and an air extraction column 110 communicating with the air pressure chamber 101 is provided on the concentration vessel 100. The air pumping column 110 is used for connecting an air pumping device to pump air flowing into the air pressure cavity 101 from the sample injection channel, the flow limiting hole and the flow dividing hole of the sample injection mechanism 200, so as to concentrate particles of aerosol.
Specifically, the concentration vessel 100 has a hollow cylindrical structure as a whole, that is, the concentration vessel 100 has an air pressure chamber 101 and a sample inlet and a sample outlet communicating with the air pressure chamber 101.
Preferably, the extraction opening of the extraction column 110 is close to the end of the flow outlet of the diversion hole, and extracts most of the gas flowing out of the diversion hole in time. Preferably, one end of the air extraction column 110 is connected with the concentration container 100 through a taper thread, so that the tightness is improved, the disassembly is convenient, and the other end of the air extraction column 110 is connected with an air extraction device such as a mechanical air extraction pump through an air extraction pipeline. Meanwhile, a flow regulating valve can be arranged on the extraction pipeline to regulate and control the vacuum degree in the air pressure cavity 101 so as to meet the requirement of not influencing the operation pressure of a vacuum system of a subsequent analysis instrument.
Further, there are two gas-pumping columns 110, and two gas-pumping columns 100 are disposed on the side wall of the concentration container 100, so as to prevent the influence of the uneven flow direction and flow rate on the flow direction of the aerosol particles entering the diversion channel.
In other embodiments, there may be a plurality of the gas extraction columns 110, for example, three, four, six, etc., where the plurality of gas extraction columns 110 are disposed on the sidewall of the concentrating container 100, and the plurality of gas extraction columns 110 are symmetrically disposed along the axis of the flow dividing hole, so as to uniformly extract the gas flow flowing out from the flow dividing hole, but minimize the entrainment of solid particles in the extracted gas flow.
Further, the concentration container 100 has a sample outlet, and an inner step and a connecting portion are disposed at the end of the sample outlet of the concentration container 100. The sample outlet end of the flow guiding mechanism 300 abuts against the inner step of the concentration container 100, so that the tightness of the air pressure cavity 101 is improved, and the overall device structure is more compact. The connection portion of the concentration vessel 100 is used to connect to a vacuum port.
In this embodiment, the sample injection mechanism 200 is sequentially provided with a sample injection channel, a flow limiting hole and a flow dividing hole, where the aperture of the flow limiting hole is smaller than that of the flow dividing hole so as to concentrate the particulate matters in the aerosol sample. The sample injection mechanism 200 is arranged on the concentration container 100, and the split flow hole is communicated with the air pressure cavity 101, the size of the split flow hole is gradually increased at one end close to the air pressure cavity 101, preferably in an arc-shaped expansion shape, and the split flow mechanism can be matched with the air extraction device to realize focusing of particulate matters and split flow of air, so that part of air flow is smoothly pumped away without influencing the flow direction of the particles. The sample injection mechanism 200 is disposed at the end of the sample injection port of the concentration vessel 100 and seals the sample injection port at the end.
In this embodiment, the sample injection mechanism 200 includes a flow splitter 210, a sample injector 220, and a flow restrictor 230. The sample injection mechanism 200 is disposed at the end of the sample injection port of the concentration vessel 100 and seals the sample injection port at the end.
The diverter 210 has a mounting groove and a diversion hole at the bottom of the mounting groove, the mounting groove extends into the air pressure cavity 101, and the side wall of the mounting groove abuts against the inner wall of the air pressure cavity 101. The diverter 210 is provided with a flange facing the outside of the mounting groove, which abuts against the wall of the concentrate container 100 in order to further seal the whole system by means of fasteners such as screws.
The injector 220 has an air inlet passage, and the injector 220 is installed in the installation groove and abuts against the inner side wall of the installation groove. Preferably, the injector 220 has a stepped structure, the injector 220 is installed in an installation groove of the flow divider 210, and the step of the injector 220 is flush with a flange of the flow divider 210, so that the whole device is compact in structure, and the injector 220 and the flow divider 210 are conveniently sealed and fixed.
The flow limiting piece 230 is provided with a flow limiting hole, the flow limiting piece 230 is arranged in the mounting groove of the flow divider 210 and positioned between the flow divider 210 and the sample injector 220, and the flow limiting hole is respectively communicated with the sample injection channel and the flow dividing hole.
Preferably, the aperture of the restriction orifice on the restriction sheet 230 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample channel and the aperture of the shunt hole. Further, the aperture of the flow limiting hole on the flow limiting plate 230 is not smaller than 0.2mm, more preferably, the aperture of the flow limiting hole is 0.2-0.5 mm, for example, may be 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm or 0.45mm, so as to further meet the requirement that the operating pressure of the vacuum system of the subsequent analysis instrument is not affected, increase the sample injection flow, and achieve the effect of concentrating the low-concentration aerosol.
Further, the sample feeding mechanism 200 further includes a fixing plate 240. The fixing plate 240 is sleeved on the injector 220, the fixing plate 240 is connected with the diverter 210 and the wall of the concentration container 100 through fasteners such as screws, and the injection mechanism 200 is assembled in a detachable mode, so that the restrictor plates 230 with different restrictor hole diameters can be replaced conveniently. For example, when the aperture of the limiting hole is larger than 0.2mm, the sampling efficiency of the aerosol of particles larger than 3 mu m can be remarkably improved, the detection and research of large particles are facilitated, and the sampling concentration of the aerosol under low concentration is facilitated.
For another example, the sample injection flow of the aerosol is 100mL/min conventionally, and when the gas-solid separation device 10 of the embodiment is connected with the vacuum sample injection interface of the analysis device and the aperture of the flow limiting hole is larger than 0.2mm, the aerosol can pass through the flow limiting sheet 230 at a flow rate of 500mL/min, and reach or approach the sonic velocity under the pushing of the pressure difference, most of the gas is pumped by the pumping device due to the inertia difference of gas molecules and particles, the pumping speed can be set to 400mL/min, and the rest of the gas passes through the flow guiding channel together with the particles at a high speed and flies into the vacuum cavity of the analysis device at a flow rate of 100mL/min, so that the sample injection concentration of the aerosol is realized.
In this embodiment, the flow guiding mechanism 300 has a flow guiding channel, preferably, the radial dimension of the flow guiding channel is gradually increased, so as to guide the sample which is not pumped in the flow guiding hole into the vacuum sample inlet, and change the aerosol entering into the flow guiding channel from a turbulent flow state into a laminar flow state, so that the subsequent focusing and bundling are facilitated. The flow guiding mechanism 300 is arranged on the concentration container 100, the sample injection end of the flow guiding mechanism 300 extends into the air pressure cavity 101 and into the end where the airflow outlet in the flow dividing hole is located, an air extraction gap is arranged between the sample injection end of the flow guiding mechanism 300 and the hole wall of the flow dividing hole, and the flow guiding channel, the flow limiting hole, the flow dividing hole and the sample injection channel are coaxial, so that inertia of particulate matters is fully utilized, and the particulate matters are ensured to enter the flow guiding channel.
The diversion mechanism 300 is preferably a separation cone. Further, the outer contour of the separation cone is streamline, so that interference of air flow to particles in the air extraction flow process is reduced, and the beam focusing effect on aerosol can be achieved.
According to the gas-solid separation device 10 in the embodiment, through the arrangement of the flow limiting hole, the flow dividing hole, the flow guiding channel and the air extraction column which can be matched with each other, when the gas-solid separation device 10 is connected with the vacuum sample injection interface of the analysis equipment, under the condition of adopting a conventional vacuum load, most of gas flowing out of the flow dividing hole is pumped away by the air extraction device due to the inertia difference of gas molecules and particles under the condition of adopting a conventional vacuum load, and the particles and a small part of gas enter the flow guiding channel and then fly into the vacuum cavity of the analysis equipment, so that the sample injection flow of the aerosol can be increased as a whole, the concentration of the aerosol is realized, and the sample injection and detection work of the aerosol under low concentration can be facilitated. Meanwhile, the aperture of the flow limiting sheet 230 is adjusted and matched with the air extraction flow of the air extraction device, so that the sample injection flow of aerosol can be increased, the gas sample injection amount of subsequent analysis equipment can be kept unchanged under the condition that the vacuum load of the analysis equipment is not influenced, the concentration of particulate matters is increased, and the test accuracy of the detection structure is improved.
In this embodiment, the diversion mechanism 300 and the concentration vessel 100 are used to connect to a vacuum port.
The gas-solid separation device 10 is adopted as an aerosol sample injection technology, can be widely applied to aerosol analysis instruments, such as single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers and the like, and can also be applied to the emerging fields of micro-electromechanical manufacturing, 3D printing and the like.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A gas-solid separation apparatus, comprising:
the concentrating container is provided with an air pressure cavity, and is provided with an air extraction column communicated with the air pressure cavity, and the air extraction column is used for being connected with an air extraction device;
the sample injection mechanism is provided with a sample injection channel, a flow limiting hole and a flow dividing hole which are communicated in sequence, the aperture of the flow limiting hole is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample injection channel and the aperture of the flow dividing hole, the sample injection mechanism is arranged on the concentration container, the flow dividing hole is communicated with the air pressure cavity, and the size of the flow dividing hole is gradually increased at one end close to the air pressure cavity; the aperture of the flow limiting hole is not smaller than 0.2mm; and
the air flow guide mechanism is provided with a guide channel, the guide mechanism is arranged on the concentration container, the sample inlet end of the guide mechanism extends into the air pressure cavity and into the end where the air flow outlet in the flow dividing hole is located, an air extraction gap is arranged between the sample inlet end of the guide mechanism and the hole wall of the flow dividing hole, and the guide channel, the flow dividing hole and the flow limiting hole are coaxial;
the diversion mechanism and/or the concentration container are/is used for connecting a vacuum sample inlet;
the plurality of air extraction columns are arranged on the side wall of the concentration container, and the plurality of air extraction columns are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the flow dividing hole.
2. The gas-solid separation device of claim 1, wherein the sample introduction mechanism comprises a flow divider, a sample injector, and a flow restrictor plate;
the diverter is provided with a mounting groove and a diversion hole positioned at the bottom of the mounting groove, the mounting groove stretches into the air pressure cavity, and the side wall of the mounting groove is abutted against the inner wall of the air pressure cavity;
the sample injector is provided with the sample injection channel, is arranged in the mounting groove and is abutted against the inner side wall of the mounting groove;
the flow limiting piece is provided with the flow limiting hole, and the flow limiting piece is arranged in the mounting groove and positioned between the diverter and the sample injector, so that the flow limiting hole is respectively communicated with the sample injection channel and the diversion hole.
3. A gas-solid separation device according to claim 2, wherein the diverter is provided with a flange facing the outside of the mounting groove, which flange abuts against the wall of the concentration vessel.
4. A gas-solid separation device as claimed in claim 3 wherein the sample injector has a stepped configuration, the sample injector is mounted in the mounting slot of the diverter with the step of the sample injector flush with the flange of the diverter.
5. The gas-solid separation device of claim 4, further comprising a fixing plate, wherein the fixing plate is sleeved on the sample injector, and the fixing plate is connected with the diverter and the concentration container through a fastener.
6. The gas-solid separation device according to claim 1, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the extraction opening of the extraction column is located near the end of the airflow outlet of the flow dividing hole.
7. A gas-solid separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentrating container has a sample outlet, an inner step is provided at the end of the sample outlet of the concentrating container, and the sample outlet end of the flow guiding mechanism abuts against the inner step of the concentrating container.
8. A gas-solid separation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the flow directing means is a separation cone.
9. The gas-solid separation device of claim 8, wherein the outer profile of the separation cone is streamlined.
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| CN201711078581.0A CN109752232B (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | Gas-solid separation device |
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| CN201711078581.0A CN109752232B (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | Gas-solid separation device |
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