CN109755924B - Circuit topology structure of hybrid direct current breaker and direct current power transmission and distribution system - Google Patents
Circuit topology structure of hybrid direct current breaker and direct current power transmission and distribution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit topology structure of a hybrid direct current breaker and a direct current power transmission and distribution system, wherein the circuit topology structure of the direct current power transmission and distribution system comprises: direct current circuit, disconnecting switch and hybrid direct current breaker; any direct current line is connected with the hybrid direct current breaker through the isolating switch and is used for isolating a fault line after fault removal; any one direct current circuit is connected with two adjacent direct current circuits through the connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker respectively and is used for bearing normal current; any one of the direct current lines is connected with a parallel circuit in the hybrid direct current breaker through a connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current breaker and is used for carrying and cutting off fault current in two directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, in particular to a hybrid direct current circuit breaker and a circuit topology structure of a direct current power transmission and distribution system.
Background
Along with the development of social economy, the requirements of users on the quality of electric energy and the reliability of power supply are improved, and the establishment of a reliable, flexible, economic and environment-friendly power system has become an industry consensus. The traditional alternating current power distribution network has the advantages of flexible voltage conversion, mature control protection technology and the like, but is limited by a power transmission corridor, and the transmission capacity of the alternating current power transmission line is difficult to meet the increasing requirement of power loads. In recent years, new energy power generation represented by photovoltaic cells, wind power generation, fuel cells and biomass power generation is rapidly developed, however, these renewable energy sources must undergo DC/AC conversion between the access to an AC power grid, which brings about certain electric energy loss and seriously hinders popularization of the renewable energy sources.
Compared with an alternating current power grid, the direct current power transmission and distribution system has the advantages of low cost, small line loss and flexible control, is favorable for the access of a distributed power supply, an energy storage device, a micro-grid and an electric automobile, and meanwhile, avoids the inherent stability problem of the alternating current power grid, so that the future development prospect of the direct current power transmission and distribution system is very bright. At present, china develops rapidly in the field of flexible direct current transmission, and a series of flexible direct current transmission represented by a Zhoushan multi-terminal flexible direct current transmission demonstration project and a Nandina multi-terminal flexible direct current transmission demonstration project are put into use successively. However, no dc breaker with high current breaking capability is installed in these dc power transmission and distribution systems, and once the system has a short-circuit fault, the dc fault current can be removed only by blocking the converter or by means of tripping on the ac side, which means that the whole dc power transmission and distribution system will be shut down for a short time, causing a great amount of load loss and causing great impact on the ac power grid. If the direct current breaker with high current breaking capacity can be installed in the direct current power transmission and distribution system, the fault part in the system is rapidly cut off when the fault occurs, the safe operation of the fault-free part of the system is ensured, and the reliability of the direct current power transmission and distribution system can be greatly improved.
The direct current circuit breaker is used as key equipment of direct current line networking, and can bear and break normal current and fault current in a specified time, so that the diffusion of faults of a direct current power transmission and distribution system is prevented, and the direct current circuit breaker is an important means for improving the reliability of the direct current power transmission and distribution system. The earliest direct current breaker put into use is a mechanical direct current breaker, the main structure of the circuit breaker is a quick mechanical switch, a buffer absorption circuit and an oscillating circuit are connected in parallel outside, the energy in a circuit is absorbed by the energy absorption circuit during the switching-on, and reverse resonance current is generated through LC oscillation to force the zero crossing of main loop current, so that the switching-on and switching-off of the direct current are realized. The on-state loss of the mechanical direct current breaker is low, but the on-off speed is low, so that the requirement of the current direct current power transmission and distribution system is hardly met. And along with the improvement of rated voltage and breaking current of the circuit breaker, the capacity and volume of the inductor and the capacitor in the oscillating circuit are also improved, so that the development of the mechanical direct current circuit breaker is severely restricted.
As power electronics develop toward high voltage and high current, all-solid-state dc circuit breakers that directly break dc current using high power electronics have received attention. The high-power electronic device represented by the gate turn-off thyristor GTO, the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and the integrated gate commutated thyristor IGCT can rapidly and reliably turn on and off direct current, however, the large turn-on voltage drop of the power electronic device determines the on-state loss of the all-solid-state direct current breaker to be large.
The hybrid dc circuit breaker combines the advantages of a mechanical dc circuit breaker and an all-solid-state dc circuit breaker, and has become an important development direction of the dc circuit breaker. The structure of the traditional hybrid direct current breaker is shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprises a rapid mechanical switch branch, a power electronic device series switch branch, an energy absorption branch and a control system, wherein the three branches are connected in parallel and then connected with the control system, and the control system controls the on-off of the three branches. Under normal conduction, current flows through the fast mechanical switch branch; when a fault occurs, the circuit breaker acts, the quick mechanical switch is opened, current is transferred to the power electronic device series switch branch, then the power electronic device series switch is turned off, line energy is absorbed by the energy absorption branch, and the line current drops to zero.
The disadvantage of hybrid dc circuit breakers is mainly their high cost. Power electronics are very expensive and in higher voltage applications, it is often necessary to use a large number of power electronics in series to meet insulation requirements. In addition, the mechanical switch can realize bidirectional through flow, and the power electronic device can realize bidirectional through flow in a reverse series mode and the like, so that the cost is further increased. In practical hybrid circuit breakers the price of a series switch of power electronics is typically much higher than a fast mechanical switch. Therefore, how to reduce the overall cost of the hybrid dc circuit breaker is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hybrid direct current breaker and a circuit topology structure of a direct current transmission and distribution system, which solve the problem of reducing the overall application cost on the basis of keeping the original performance of the hybrid direct current breaker.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hybrid dc circuit breaker including:
a fast mechanical switch, a bi-directional power electronics series switch, and an energy absorbing branch; wherein,
The two ends of the quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with other two quick mechanical switches, so that the quick mechanical switches in the hybrid direct current breaker are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the connection part of the ports of the two quick mechanical switches is used as the connection end of the loop;
The bidirectional power electronic device series switch and the energy absorption branch form a parallel circuit, one end of the parallel circuit is connected with one connecting end in the loop, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected with the other connecting end in the loop, so that each connecting end of the loop is connected with one or two parallel circuits.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a circuit topology structure of a dc power transmission and distribution system, including:
the direct-current circuit, the isolating switch and the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker are arranged in the same circuit; wherein,
Any direct current line is connected with the hybrid direct current breaker through the isolating switch and is used for isolating a fault line after fault removal;
any one direct current circuit is connected with two adjacent direct current circuits through the connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker respectively and is used for bearing normal current;
Any one of the direct current lines is connected with a parallel circuit in the hybrid direct current breaker through a connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current breaker and is used for carrying and cutting off fault current in two directions.
Preferably, the number of the direct current lines is N; wherein N is an even number.
Preferably, each isolating switch of the direct current power transmission and distribution system is connected with one parallel circuit, and two ends of the parallel circuit are respectively connected with isolating switches of two direct current lines.
Preferably, the number of the quick mechanical switches is M, the number of the isolating switches is M, the number of the two-way power electronic device series switches is M/2, and the number of the energy absorption branches is M/2; wherein M is a positive integer.
Preferably, the number of the direct current lines is N; wherein N is an odd number.
Preferably, the corresponding isolating switch on the N-1 direct current lines in the direct current power transmission and distribution system is connected with one parallel circuit, the corresponding isolating switch on the N direct current lines is connected with two parallel circuits, and two ends of the parallel circuits are respectively connected with the isolating switches of the two direct current lines.
Preferably, the number of the quick mechanical switches is N, the number of the isolating switches is M, the number of the bidirectional power electronic device series switches is (m+1)/2, and the number of the energy absorption branches is (m+1)/2; wherein M is a positive integer.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. Any one direct current line is connected with two adjacent direct current lines through two quick mechanical switches respectively and is used for bearing normal current;
2. Any one direct current line is connected with a bidirectional power electronic device series switch and is used for bearing and cutting off fault current;
3. Any one direct current line is connected with the new topology of the hybrid direct current breaker through an isolating switch and is used for isolating the fault line after fault removal.
The key of the technical scheme is that the characteristics that the bidirectional power electronic device series switch can bear and cut off current bidirectionally are utilized, so that two direct current lines share the bidirectional power electronic device series switch, and the equipment cost is reduced on the basis of keeping the original performance of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional hybrid dc circuit breaker;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four terminal flexible DC power transmission system;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit topology diagram of a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a second schematic circuit topology of a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dc power transmission and distribution system based on a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second circuit topology of a dc power transmission and distribution system based on a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: in a multi-terminal flexible dc power transmission system, there is typically a junction of multiple dc lines. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-terminal flexible dc power transmission system. The alternating current power grids 1-4 are four independent alternating current power grids, the four independent alternating current power grids are respectively connected with the direct current power grids through converter stations 1-4, the circuit breakers 1-4 are required to be installed at the outlets of the converter stations 1-4, the four direct current lines are intersected at a point P, and the circuit breakers 5-8 are required to be installed at the point P. If these circuit breakers are all hybrid dc circuit breakers, the overall system cost would be quite expensive. If the P-point mounted circuit breakers 5-8 can be integrated into one multi-terminal dc circuit breaker and the number of power electronic series switches is reduced by optimizing the topology, the system cost will be significantly reduced.
Based on the analysis, the invention provides a hybrid direct current breaker. The hybrid direct current circuit breaker includes: a fast mechanical switch, a bi-directional power electronics series switch, and an energy absorbing branch; wherein,
The two ends of the quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with other two quick mechanical switches, so that the quick mechanical switches in the hybrid direct current breaker are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the connection part of the ports of the two quick mechanical switches is used as the connection end of the loop;
The bidirectional power electronic device series switch and the energy absorption branch form a parallel circuit, one end of the parallel circuit is connected with one connecting end in the loop, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected with the other connecting end in the loop, so that each connecting end of the loop is connected with one or two parallel circuits.
Further, when the number of connection terminals of the loop is even, each connection terminal of the loop is connected to a parallel circuit. Taking the number of connection ends of the loop as 4 as an example, as shown in fig. 3. When the number of the connecting ends of the loop is odd, one connecting end of the loop is connected with two parallel circuits, and the other connecting ends of the loop are connected with one parallel circuit. Taking the number of connection ends of the loop as 3 as an example, as shown in fig. 4.
Based on the two hybrid dc breaker configurations given above. The embodiment of the invention provides two direct-current power transmission and distribution systems based on a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker. Fig. 5 shows one schematic circuit topology of a dc power transmission and distribution system based on a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 5, the number of connection terminals of the loop in the hybrid dc breaker is 4, and correspondingly, the number of dc lines in the dc power transmission and distribution system is also 4. The direct current power transmission and distribution system comprises:
4 direct current lines, 4 isolating switches and the hybrid direct current breaker; the hybrid direct current circuit breaker includes: 4 quick mechanical switches, 2 bidirectional power electronic device series switches, 2 energy absorbing branches; wherein,
Any direct current line is connected with the hybrid direct current breaker through the isolating switch and is used for isolating a fault line after fault removal;
any one direct current circuit is connected with two adjacent direct current circuits through two quick mechanical switches in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker respectively and is used for bearing normal current;
any one direct current circuit is connected with a two-way power electronic device series switch in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker, so that the isolation switch on each direct current circuit is guaranteed to be connected with one two-way power electronic device, and two ends of the two-way power electronic device series switch are respectively connected with the isolation switches of the two direct current circuits and are used for carrying in two directions and cutting off fault current. Each bi-directional power electronics series switch is connected in parallel with an energy absorbing branch for absorbing energy stored in the fault line, limiting overvoltage when the bi-directional power electronics series switch is operated.
In fig. 5, Q1 to Q4 are isolation switches, and are connected to the lines 1 to 4, respectively; CB1 to CB4 are quick mechanical switches and are respectively arranged between AB, BC, CD, AD points; u1 and U2 are two-way power electronic device series switches which are respectively connected between two points of AC and BD in a bridging way; r1 and R2 are energy absorption branches and are respectively connected with the two-way power electronic device series switches U1 and U2 in parallel. During normal operation, the quick mechanical switches CB 1-CB 4 are turned on and used for bearing normal current, and the two-way power electronic device serial switches U1 and U2 are kept turned off. The turn-off process of the circuit breaker can be divided into the following steps:
When the line 1 has a short-circuit fault, the isolating switch Q1 is conducted, the isolating switch does not have the capability of cutting off current, and the isolating switch can be disconnected only after the current is cut off by other devices, so that a fault part and a normal part are isolated. Under the normal current state, the isolating switch Q1 is conducted, when the line 1 fails, the isolating switch Q1 is still conducted, and the isolating switch Q1 can be disconnected until the fault is removed. And when the current on the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB4 is reduced to zero and the contact opening distance of the mechanical switch reaches an insulation distance, the two-way power electronic device serial switch U1 is controlled to be turned off, and the fault current is cut off. At the moment when the bi-directional power electronic device serial switch U1 is turned off, the energy stored in the fault line will be absorbed by the energy absorbing branch R1, thereby limiting the overvoltage across the bi-directional power electronic device serial switch U1 to be within a safe range.
If the quick reclosing is needed, the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 is turned on again, otherwise, the isolating switch Q1 is turned off to isolate a fault line, then the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB4 are reclosed, and the circuit breaker returns to an initial state.
The solution of the fault of other lines is similar to that of the fault of other lines, the two mechanical switches connected with the lines are only required to be disconnected, meanwhile, the series switch of the bidirectional power electronic device connected with the lines is turned on, after the current conversion process is finished, the series switch of the bidirectional power electronic device is controlled to be turned off, and the isolating switch corresponding to the lines is disconnected.
The novel topology of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker totally needs four quick mechanical switches, four isolating switches, two bidirectional power electronic device series switches and two energy absorption branches to realize bidirectional turn-off of four direct current circuits, and the performances such as turn-off speed are completely consistent with the traditional scheme. Since the price of the fast mechanical switches, disconnectors, energy absorbing branches is almost negligible compared to the bi-directional power electronics series switches, the equipment cost of the new topology is only half of that of the traditional solution.
Fig. 6 shows a second schematic circuit topology of a dc power transmission and distribution system based on a hybrid dc breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 6, the number of connection terminals of the loop in the hybrid dc breaker is 3, and correspondingly, the number of dc lines in the dc power transmission and distribution system is also 3. The direct current power transmission and distribution system comprises:
3 direct-current lines, 3 isolating switches and the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker of the direct-current power transmission and distribution system; the hybrid direct current circuit breaker includes: 3 fast mechanical switches, 2 bi-directional power electronics series switches, 2 energy absorbing branches; wherein,
Any direct current line is connected with the hybrid direct current breaker through the isolating switch and is used for isolating a fault line after fault removal;
any one direct current circuit is connected with two adjacent direct current circuits through two quick mechanical switches in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker respectively and is used for bearing normal current;
Any one direct current circuit is connected with a two-way power electronic device series switch in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker, so that the isolating switch on the 2 direct current circuits is guaranteed to be connected with one two-way power electronic device, the isolating switch on the 3 rd direct current circuit is connected with two-way power electronic devices, and two ends of the two-way power electronic device series switch are respectively connected with the isolating switches of the two direct current circuits and are used for carrying in two directions and cutting off fault current. Each bi-directional power electronics series switch is connected in parallel with an energy absorbing branch for absorbing energy stored in the fault line, limiting overvoltage when the bi-directional power electronics series switch is operated.
In fig. 6, Q1 to Q3 are isolation switches, and are connected to the lines 1 to 3, respectively; CB1 to CB3 are quick mechanical switches and are respectively arranged between two points AB, BC and AC; u1 and U2 are two-way power electronic device series switches and are connected between the two points AB and AC. In fact, the connection may be made between AC and BC or between AB and BC. A bi-directional power electronic device series switch may be connected to both ports as long as each port is guaranteed to be connected to at least one bi-directional power electronic switch. Under the condition of even ports, the bidirectional power electronic switch is fully utilized; the odd ports can be considered to have a bidirectional power electronic switch which is wasted; r1 and R2 are energy absorption branches and are respectively connected with the two-way power electronic device series switches U1 and U2 in parallel. CB 1-CB 3 are conducted during normal operation and used for bearing normal current, and the two-way power electronic device serial switches U1 and U2 are kept off. The turn-off process of the circuit breaker can be divided into the following steps:
When the circuit 1 has a short-circuit fault, the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB3 are disconnected, and the circuit 1 is connected with the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 and the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U2 at the same time, at the moment, the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 or the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U2 can be used for completing the disconnection, in the example, the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 is selectively connected, fault current in the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB3 can be transferred to the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1, and after the current on the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB3 is reduced to zero and the contact opening distance of the mechanical switch reaches an insulation distance, the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 is controlled to be disconnected, and the fault current is disconnected. At the moment when the bi-directional power electronic device serial switch U1 is turned off, the energy stored in the fault line will be absorbed by the energy absorbing branch R1, thereby limiting the overvoltage across the bi-directional power electronic device serial switch U1 to be within a safe range.
If the quick reclosing is needed, the bidirectional power electronic device serial switch U1 is turned on again, otherwise, the isolating switch Q1 is turned off to isolate a fault line, then the quick mechanical switch CB1 and the quick mechanical switch CB3 are reclosed, and the circuit breaker returns to an initial state.
If the line 2 or the line 3 fails, only the two mechanical switches connected with the line are required to be disconnected, meanwhile, the series switch of the bidirectional power electronic device connected with the line is enabled to be conducted, after the current conversion process is finished, the series switch of the bidirectional power electronic device is controlled to be turned off, and the isolating switch corresponding to the line is disconnected.
As can be seen from fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, and fig. 6, when the application range of the technical solution is extended to an N-terminal dc network, for the node connected with N dc lines in the system, it is not difficult to obtain that the hybrid dc circuit breaker needs N fast mechanical switches, N isolation switches, N/2 (N is even) or (n+1)/2 (N is odd) bidirectional power electronic device series switches, and N/2 (N is even) or (n+1)/2 (N is odd) energy absorption branches.
The hybrid direct current circuit breaker integrates a plurality of direct current circuit breakers at the junction of a plurality of direct current lines. Compared with the traditional scheme, the technical scheme has the advantages that the number of the power electronic devices can be reduced by half at most on the premise of maintaining the original performance by reasonably configuring the wiring modes of the quick mechanical switch branch and the power electronic device series switch branch, so that the system cost is obviously reduced.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hybrid dc circuit breaker, comprising:
a fast mechanical switch, a bi-directional power electronics series switch, and an energy absorbing branch; wherein,
The two ends of the quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with other two quick mechanical switches, so that the quick mechanical switches in the hybrid direct current breaker are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the connection part of the ports of the two quick mechanical switches is used as the connection end of the loop;
The bidirectional power electronic device series switch and the energy absorption branch form a parallel circuit, one end of the parallel circuit is connected with one connecting end in the loop, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected with the other connecting end in the loop, so that each connecting end of the loop is connected with one or two parallel circuits.
2. A circuit topology for a direct current power transmission and distribution system, comprising:
a direct current line, a disconnector and a hybrid direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1; wherein,
Any direct current line is connected with the hybrid direct current breaker through the isolating switch and is used for isolating a fault line after fault removal;
any one direct current circuit is connected with two adjacent direct current circuits through the connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker respectively and is used for bearing normal current;
Any one of the direct current lines is connected with a parallel circuit in the hybrid direct current breaker through a connecting end of a loop in the hybrid direct current breaker and is used for carrying and cutting off fault current in two directions.
3. The circuit topology of claim 2, wherein the number of dc lines is N; wherein N is an even number.
4. The circuit topology of claim 3, wherein each of said disconnectors of said dc power transmission and distribution system is connected to a parallel circuit, and wherein said parallel circuit is connected at each end to a disconnector of two dc lines.
5. The circuit topology of claim 3, wherein the number of said fast mechanical switches is M, the number of said disconnectors is M, the number of said bi-directional power electronic device series switches is M/2, and the number of said energy absorbing branches is M/2, wherein M is a positive integer.
6. The circuit topology of claim 2, wherein the number of dc lines is N; wherein N is an odd number.
7. The circuit topology of claim 6, wherein the corresponding isolating switch on N-1 dc lines in the dc power transmission and distribution system is connected to one parallel circuit, the corresponding isolating switch on the nth dc line is connected to two parallel circuits, and two ends of the parallel circuits are respectively connected to the isolating switches of the two dc lines.
8. The circuit topology of claim 6, wherein the number of said fast mechanical switches is M, the number of said disconnectors is M, the number of said bi-directional power electronic device series switches is (m+1)/2, and the number of said energy absorbing branches is (m+1)/2; wherein M is a positive integer.
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