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CN109719382A - 焊接方法和通过该焊接方法制造的零件 - Google Patents

焊接方法和通过该焊接方法制造的零件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109719382A
CN109719382A CN201811196621.6A CN201811196621A CN109719382A CN 109719382 A CN109719382 A CN 109719382A CN 201811196621 A CN201811196621 A CN 201811196621A CN 109719382 A CN109719382 A CN 109719382A
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China
Prior art keywords
alloy
component
coating
method described
welding
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H·李
D·J·威尔逊
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/008—Gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于将第一部件焊接至第二部件的方法包括：提供具有第一合金的第一部件并使第一部件的表面上具有第二合金的涂层，以及将具有第三合金的第二部件固态焊接至第一部件的涂层。第二合金仅包括非铁化合物。

Description

焊接方法和通过该焊接方法制造的零件
技术领域
本公开涉及焊接方法和通过该焊接方法制造的零件。
背景技术
本引言大体上呈现了本公开的背景。当前署名的发明人的工作就其在本引言中所描述的程度以及在提交时可以不另外被作为是现有技术的多个方面的描述而言既不明确地也不隐含地被认可为是针对本公开的现有技术。
在典型的机动车辆中，某些部件被焊接在一起。一些焊接涉及由不同合金制成的部件。例如，较轻的合金(例如铝合金或镁合金)可以和较重的合金(例如钢)接合。由于这些合金之间物理和冶金性能的差异，对于某些应用而言接合强度可能并不足够强。具体地，由于使用具有不同性能的合金而导致的焊接接缝中的脆性金属间化合物形成和高残留应力可能限制接合强度。
这些限制可能阻碍和/或降低减少汽车部件质量的能力，这继而可能阻碍和/或降低燃料效率、经济性、性能、电池寿命、范围以及汽车的其他重要特性。
发明内容
在一示范性方面，一种用于将第一部件焊接至第二部件的方法包括：提供具有第一合金的第一部件并使第一部件的表面上具有第二合金的涂层，以及将具有第三合金的第二部件固态焊接至第一部件的该涂层。第二合金仅包括非铁化合物。
在另一示范性方面，第一合金为钢合金。
在另一示范性方面，第三合金为铝合金。
在另一示范性方面，第三合金为镁合金。
在另一示范性方面，固态焊接为摩擦焊接。
在另一示范性方面，该方面进一步包括将该涂层涂覆到第一部件。
在另一示范性方面，涂覆的步骤包括电镀、热浸镀、气相沉积、物理气相沉积、以及化学气相沉积中的至少一个。
在另一示范性方面，第二合金是镍基合金和铜基合金中的一种。
在另一示范性方面，涂层的厚度在约10微米至200微米之间。
在一示范性方面，一种用于车辆推进系统的零件通过包括以下步骤的过程生产：提供具有第一合金的第一部件并使第一部件的表面上具有第二合金的涂层，以及将具有第三合金的第二部件固态焊接至第一部件的该涂层。第二合金仅包括非铁化合物。
以此方式，部件可以被提供为具有显著减少的质量，与此同时通过降低和/或消除在界面处形成脆性金属间化合物的可能性，确保了不同金属(比如，例如钢和铝)之间的强接合。在汽车零件中这是特别有价值的，例如在车辆推进系统中，其中质量的减少可以在燃料经济性、效率、性能、扩大范围、增加电池寿命等方面提供显著的改善。
通过以下所提供的详细描述，本公开的其他应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解的是，详细描述和具体实例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
当结合附图时，通过详细描述，包括权利要求书和示范性实施例，本发明的以上特征和优点以及其他特征和优点是显而易见的。
附图说明
通过详细描述和附图将能更充分地理解本公开，其中：
图1A是旋转摩擦焊接系统的示意图；
图1B是利用图1A中所示系统焊接在一起的两个示范性部件的侧视图；以及
图2示出了钢部件和铝部件之间利用摩擦焊接系统形成的示范性界面。
在附图中，附图标记可以重复使用来标识相似和/或相同的元件。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，图1A中以10示出了旋转摩擦焊接系统。系统10包括马达12，该马达转动旋转卡盘16。制动器14用来控制旋转卡盘16的旋转速度。系统10进一步包括联接至液压缸24的非旋转卡盘18。
当系统10使用时，旋转卡盘16保持第一工件或部件20，而非旋转卡盘18保持第二工件或部件22。第一和第二工件由不同材料制成。例如，在某些实施例中，第一工件20可以是钢齿轮而第二工件22可以是铝离合器壳。
马达12以高旋转速率使旋转卡盘16旋转并且由此使第一工件20旋转。当第一工件20以适当的速度旋转时，液压缸24沿箭头26的方向朝向第一工件20移动非旋转卡盘18并且由此移动第二工件22。相应地，在压力下两个工件20和22被推到一起，从而形成将两个工件接合到一起的摩擦焊接，如图1B中所示。旋转被停止以允许焊接固定。在常规的摩擦焊接系统中，不同合金之间的物理和冶金性能差异可能导致形成脆性金属间化合物。脆性金属间化合物，比如例如，Al5Fe2、Al2Fe、FeAl、Fe3Al以及Al6Fe，可能限制两个工件之间的接合强度。
在示范性实施例中，钢部件可以涂覆有镍合金和/或铜合金。随后铝部件可以旋转焊接至经涂覆的钢部件，而不会再界面处形成脆性金属间化合物，比如，例如，铝化铁。图2示出了钢部件202和铝部件204之间通过摩擦焊接过程形成的界面200。如图2中可见，在铝部件204的界面处的材料可以被推向一边或推向外，而钢部件202中的材料不会变形。这是由于钢合金和铝合金之间特性的差异。为了在界面处保持涂层，优选地是钢部件202包括涂层。以此方式，钢可以不变形并且可以为在界面处保持涂层提供牢固的基础。相反，如果仅向铝部件204提供涂层，变形离开界面的铝材料可能携载至少一部分涂层离开界面，这可能降低涂层用来减少和/或防止脆性金属间化合物形成的有效性。
此外，为了在整个固态焊接过程中保持涂层的稳定性，涂层应当具有比铝合金更高的熔化温度。以此方式，涂层将更不容易熔化和随后从钢部件和铝部件之间的界面除去，这防止了铝和钢之间的直接接触，因此，防止和/或减少了脆性金属间化合物的发展。优选地，在界面处仅铝合金可以变形和/或移位。
尽管本具体实施方式描述了摩擦焊接过程，但是应当理解的是，本公开的示范性实施例包括任意的固态焊接过程，比如例如，冷焊、扩散焊接、超声焊接、爆炸焊接、锻焊、摩擦焊接、热压力焊接、滚焊等。固态焊接在不显著熔化基底金属的情况下接合该基底金属。
此外，尽管本具体实施方式描述并说明了钢齿轮和铝离合器壳，但是应当理解的是，本公开的示范性实施例可以适用于组合两种不同的合金以形成单个部件，使得在界面处不会形成脆性金属间化合物。本公开的示范性实施例可以用于为汽车提供部件，例如在车辆推进系统中。
本描述在本质上仅是说明性的并且决不旨在限制本公开、其应用或使用。本公开的广泛教导可以按照各种形式来实现。因此，尽管本公开包括了特定实例，但是本公开的真实范围并不应限于此，因为通过研读附图、说明书以及所附权利要求书其他修改将变得显而易见。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将第一部件焊接至第二部件的方法，所述方法包括：
提供包含第一合金的第一部件并使所述第一部件的表面上具有包含第二合金的涂层；以及
将包含第三合金的第二部件固态焊接至所述第一部件的所述涂层，其中所述第二合金仅包括非铁化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一合金包括钢合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第三合金包括铝合金。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第三合金包括镁合金。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述固态焊接包括摩擦焊接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括将所述涂层涂覆到所述第一部件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述涂覆的步骤包括电镀、热浸镀、气相沉积、物理气相沉积、以及化学气相沉积中的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第二合金包括镍合金和铜合金中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述涂层的厚度在约10微米至约100微米之间。
10.一种用于车辆推进系统的零件，所述零件通过包括以下步骤的过程生产：
提供包含第一合金的第一部件并使所述第一部件的表面上具有包含第二合金的涂层；以及
将包含第三合金的第二部件固态焊接至所述第一部件的所述涂层，其中所述第二合金仅包括非铁化合物。
CN201811196621.6A 2017-10-30 2018-10-15 焊接方法和通过该焊接方法制造的零件 Pending CN109719382A (zh)

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US15/797147 2017-10-30
US15/797,147 US20190126386A1 (en) 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Welding method and part made by the welding method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11173568B2 (en) * 2018-07-11 2021-11-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Composite metal flexplate
US11845141B2 (en) * 2020-01-08 2023-12-19 The Boeing Company Additive friction stir deposition method for manufacturing an article

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US3121948A (en) * 1961-03-29 1964-02-25 American Mach & Foundry Friction welding
US3261724A (en) * 1965-06-28 1966-07-19 Composite Metal Products Inc Stainless steel clad aluminum and methods of making same
US4004892A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-01-25 Clad Metals Inc Cookware fabricated from composites of copper,aluminum and stainless steel
GB1430587A (en) * 1972-10-12 1976-03-31 Fulmer Res Inst Ltd Diffusion bonding of metallic parts
US3952938A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-04-27 Clad Metals, Inc. Method of making multiple member composite metal products
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US5314106A (en) * 1991-05-16 1994-05-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method for joining steel to aluminum alloy components or titanium alloy components, and turbochargers obtained by the method
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US5604112A (en) * 1993-02-26 1997-02-18 The Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Method for detecting the cardiotoxicity of compounds
US20120202090A1 (en) * 2009-10-26 2012-08-09 Neomax Materials Co., Ltd. Aluminum bonding alloy, and clad material and aluminum bonding composite material each having bonding alloy layer made of the alloy

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763058A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-09-18 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of producing steel-aluminum bi-metal strip
US3121948A (en) * 1961-03-29 1964-02-25 American Mach & Foundry Friction welding
US3261724A (en) * 1965-06-28 1966-07-19 Composite Metal Products Inc Stainless steel clad aluminum and methods of making same
GB1430587A (en) * 1972-10-12 1976-03-31 Fulmer Res Inst Ltd Diffusion bonding of metallic parts
US4004892A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-01-25 Clad Metals Inc Cookware fabricated from composites of copper,aluminum and stainless steel
US3952938A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-04-27 Clad Metals, Inc. Method of making multiple member composite metal products
US4004892B1 (zh) * 1973-12-10 1987-08-11
DE2606628A1 (de) * 1975-11-21 1977-08-25 Deutsches Elektronen Synchr Verfahren zur herstellung ultrahochvakuumdichter schweissverbindungen zwischen aluminium und stahl, insbesondere edelstahl
US5314106A (en) * 1991-05-16 1994-05-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method for joining steel to aluminum alloy components or titanium alloy components, and turbochargers obtained by the method
US5604112A (en) * 1993-02-26 1997-02-18 The Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Method for detecting the cardiotoxicity of compounds
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US20120202090A1 (en) * 2009-10-26 2012-08-09 Neomax Materials Co., Ltd. Aluminum bonding alloy, and clad material and aluminum bonding composite material each having bonding alloy layer made of the alloy

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Application publication date: 20190507