CN109689614B - 在负载于ZrO2上的钌催化剂存在下氢化腈类的方法 - Google Patents
在负载于ZrO2上的钌催化剂存在下氢化腈类的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100425816 Dictyostelium discoideum top2mt gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 101150082896 topA gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 N, N-dicyanoethylmethylamine Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[2-(3-aminopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCOCCOCCOCCCN JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propanenitrile Chemical compound CN(C)CCC#N MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEICSQLBXZSODE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCOCCOCCOCCC#N XEICSQLBXZSODE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFYRJJBUHYILSO-YFKPBYRVSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-dimethylarsanylsulfanyl-3-methylbutanoic acid Chemical compound C[As](C)SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N)C(O)=O KFYRJJBUHYILSO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLXBWEPPAAQASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(Dimethylamino)acetonitrile Chemical compound CN(C)CC#N PLXBWEPPAAQASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPMCIHCQSNHBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-cyanoethyl(methyl)amino]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCN(C)CCC#N NPMCIHCQSNHBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSRDNMMLQYNQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCNCC#N BSRDNMMLQYNQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMBPCQSCMCEPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-aminopropyl)-n'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCN(C)CCCN KMBPCQSCMCEPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NYIODHFKZFKMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)ethanamine Chemical compound CCN(NC)NC NYIODHFKZFKMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNYXHSLVKXGAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(O)C(O)C#N RNYXHSLVKXGAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDPGIQCVSLBQKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylaminomethyl)propanedinitrile Chemical compound CNCC(C#N)C#N WDPGIQCVSLBQKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSGYTJNNHPZFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropanenitrile Chemical compound OCCC#N WSGYTJNNHPZFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005922 Phosphane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DFNYGALUNNFWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoacetonitrile Chemical compound NCC#N DFNYGALUNNFWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000064 phosphane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/44—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers
- C07C209/48—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers by reduction of nitriles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C217/06—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
- C07C217/08—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在负载于ZrO2上的钌催化剂存在下用氢来氢化腈类的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种在ZrO2负载型钌催化剂存在下用氢来氢化腈类的方法。
氢化腈类是制备伯胺最重要的操作。
工业规模上的腈氢化通常在含钴固定床催化剂上或在悬浮催化剂(例如阮内镍和阮内钴)存在下进行且由文献已知。
只有几个例子描述了在含钌催化剂上氢化腈类。
C.Ortiz-Cervantes,I.Iyanez,J.J.Garcia等人在J.Phys.Org.Chem. 2013,25,902-907中描述了钌纳米颗粒在乙腈、卞腈和丙腈氢化中的应用。
WO96/23802描述了在具有磷烷(phosphane)配体的均匀溶解的Ru催化剂存在下的氢化–例如在己二腈的氢化中。
EP-A 2684862中描述了负载型钌催化剂的例子。此处描述了亚氨基二乙腈的分批氢化以制备二亚乙基三胺(DETA)。在这种情况下,使用负载于 Al2O3上的钌催化剂。然而,没有关于负载于ZrO2上的钌催化剂的描述。
腈的氢化通常使用固定床Co催化剂进行,例如如Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry“Amines,Aliphatic”,DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a2_001中所述。在代表氢化的反应条件下,某些腈类会释放丙烯腈或氢氰酸。该类腈通常只能以低的时空产率氢化。实例是N,N- 双氰基乙基烷基胺类、氰乙基化醇类和α-氨基腈类。
这种要求高的腈类的氢化通常只在悬浮催化剂上有效地进行。例如, N,N-双氰基乙基甲胺在阮内金属催化剂上的氢化描述于EP0363843和 Mikolajewska等人,ActaPol.Pharm.,1966中。
没有关于以良好时空产率氢化上述腈类的有效的固定床催化剂的描述。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于氢化的固定床方法,其不仅允许以良好时空产率氢化一般性地腈类,而且同时允许甚至要求高的腈类如 N,N-双氰基乙基烷基胺类、氰乙基化醇类和α-氨基腈类等的氢化,例如以与正如在简单腈类情况下一样好的时空产率。此外,在该方法中,催化剂将表现出持久的高活性并且仅缓慢地经历失活。
该目的通过一种在氢和负载于ZrO2上的固定床钌催化剂存在下氢化腈类的方法而实现。
如果所用的固定床Ru催化剂包含基于催化剂总重量为0.05-20重量%的钌,则本发明方法是有利的。
如果腈氢化方法连续操作,则本发明方法是有利的。
如果用于氢化的腈类是二腈类,则本发明方法是有利的。
如果用于氢化的腈类选自氰乙基化单醇和多醇、氰乙基化胺和α-氨基腈,则本发明方法是有利的。
如果氢化无溶剂地进行,则本发明方法是有利的。
如果氢化在20-200℃的温度和1-300巴的压力下进行,则本发明方法是有利的。
在本发明方法中,可以使用熟练技术人员已知的任何腈类。优选使用α-氨基腈、氰乙基化单胺和多胺以及氰乙基化单醇和多醇。特别优选使用氨基烷基α-氨基腈、烷基α-氨基腈、氰乙基化胺、氰乙基化二胺、氰乙基化1,2-和1,3-二醇和氰乙基烷基醇。尤其优选使用氨基乙腈、亚氨基二乙腈、二甲氨基乙腈、N,N-二甲氨基丙腈、双氰基乙二醇、3-甲氧基丙腈、 3-羟基丙腈、N,N-双氰基乙二胺和N,N-双氰基乙基甲胺。尤其是非常特别优选二甲氨基乙腈、N,N-二甲氨基丙腈、双氰基乙基二亚乙基二甘醇、N,N 双氰基乙基甲胺。
进行氢化的温度为20-200℃,优选60-180℃,更优选80-140℃,非常优选90-130℃。
氢化期间盛行的压力通常为1-300巴,优选20-300巴,更优选40-240 巴,非常优选80-200巴。
在一个优选实施方案中,所用的腈以不大于腈在氢化期间与氢反应的速率的氢化速率供应。
供应速率优选设置为使得实现完全转化。这受温度、压力、腈化合物性质、催化剂用量、反应介质用量、反应器内容物混合质量、停留时间等影响。
本发明方法在负载于ZrO2上的钌催化剂存在下进行。负载于ZrO2上的Ru催化剂原则上可具有熟练技术人员已知的用于腈氢化的任何形式,例如线、珠、片、挤出物、粉末、碎片。
在使用前,通过在升高温度下在含氢的气流中还原氧化的钌物质,在反应器外部或反应器中活化负载于ZrO2的Ru催化剂。如果催化剂在反应器外被还原,随后可通过含氧的气流或嵌入惰性材料中进行钝化,以防止在空气中不受控制的氧化,并允许安全处理。所用惰性材料可包含有机溶剂,例如醇类或者水或胺,优选反应产物。
在用氢还原之前,特别优选的ZrO2负载型钌催化剂的催化活性质量基于总催化剂为0.05-20重量%,优选0.05-15重量%的钌。这些特别优选的负载于ZrO2上的Ru催化剂及其制备描述于WO-A2 2015/086639第7页第5-38行中。WO-A2 2015/086639从第5页第40行到第8页第42行还描述了呈固定床催化剂形式的该ZrO2负载型Ru催化剂的优选物理性质。
本发明方法可在存在溶剂或不存在溶剂的情况下进行。优选在不存在溶剂的情况下进行。然而,如果在存在溶剂下操作,原则上合适的溶剂包括熟练技术人员已知的所有溶剂–溶剂必须优选对将要使用的腈类呈惰性。
可能的溶剂是有机溶剂,例如芳族和脂族烃类,例如甲苯,醇类,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇,胺类,例如EDA和/或乙胺和氨,和醚类,例如二异丙醚、二异丁醚、乙二醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二噁烷和四氢呋喃(THF),以及酰胺类,例如N,N- 二甲基乙酰胺和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
溶剂优选为芳族烃、醇、胺或醚。在本发明方法中,优选环醚和胺。特别优选四氢呋喃和氨。尤其优选氨。
腈通常与溶剂混合,以便在溶液中设定0.5-95重量%的腈含量。应选择其中进行氢化的溶液中腈类的浓度,以便允许确定合适的供应速率和/ 或停留时间。优选将腈与溶剂混合,以便在溶液中设定5-75重量%的腈含量。
在催化剂存在下腈类与氢的反应可以在适合催化的常规反应容器中进行,在固定床、流化床中连续、半分批或分批进行。适用于实施氢化的反应容器是允许腈类和催化剂在压力下与氢接触的那些。
在ZrO2负载型固定床Ru催化剂上氢化优选地在一个或多个管式反应器或管束反应器中进行。
腈基的氢化伴随着热的释放,该热通常必须去除。可以通过在反应器周围的循环系统中整合的传热表面、冷却夹套或外部传热工具来完成热去除。氢化反应器或氢化反应器级联可以直通(straight-pass)操作运行。另一选择是循环方案,其中反应器的一部分排放物返回到反应器入口,优选不事先后处理循环料流。
特别地,循环料流可以通过外部传热工具简单而便宜地冷却,这是其中去除反应热的方式。
反应器也可以进行绝热操作。在反应器绝热操作的情况下,反应混合物的温度升高可以通过冷却进料或供应“冷”有机溶剂来限制。
因为在这种情况下,不需要冷却反应器本身,简单而便宜的结构是可能的。另一选择是冷却的管束反应器。
反应排放物中的任何有机溶剂通常都是通过蒸馏分离出来的。特别地,本发明的胺可以通过熟练技术人员已知的方法从反应产物中分离出来。
下面使用实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
在固定床Co和Ru催化剂上连续氢化N,N-双(氰乙基)甲胺(BCEMA)为N,N- 双氨基丙基甲胺(BAPMA)
将4.2或5.4g的N,N-双(氰乙基)甲胺和10.3-13.4g的液氨(摩尔比20)每小时泵送通过垂直管式反应器(直径:0.5cm,填充水平100cm),其在170巴下操作,填充有24.6ml的钌催化剂(3mm线,如WO-A2 2015/086639中所述) 或20.8ml的钴催化剂(4mm线,如EP636409中所述)。同时使15-20NL/h的氢通过反应器。
在反应器减压至大气压后,用气相色谱法分析氢化排放物。
选择温度以在实验开始时获得约99%的转化率(对于Co催化剂为 140℃,对于Ru催化剂为150℃)。
在使用Co催化剂下腈随着运行时间而增加表明在相同条件下钌催化剂经历的失活比钴催化剂慢。
实施例2
在Co催化剂和Ru催化剂上分批氢化3-{2-[2-(2-氰基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}丙腈(双氰基乙基二亚乙基二甘醇)为3-{2-[2-(3-氨基丙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}丙-1-胺(TTD)
将具有挡板和圆盘搅拌器的270ml高压釜中装入5.0g适当的催化剂 (EP636409中所述的呈4mm线形式的钴催化剂,或WO-A2 2015/086639 中所述的呈4mm线形式的钌催化剂),并注入30g氨。将高压釜加热至 100℃,并将氢气注入至总压达140巴。在15分钟过程内计量加入适当的腈(6.0g,在54g THF中)。在反应条件下将反应混合物再搅拌60分钟。由气相色谱法测定的排料后所得氢化排放物的组成汇编在表4中。
实施例3
在固定床Ru催化剂上连续氢化3-{2-[2-(2-氰基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}丙腈(双氰基乙基二亚乙基二甘醇)为3-{2-[2-(3-氨基丙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}丙 -1-胺(TTD)
将13.5g的3-{2-[2-(2-氰基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}丙腈和33.5g的液氨 (摩尔比20)每小时泵送通过垂直管式反应器(直径:0.5cm,填充水平 100cm),其填充有37.2ml的钌催化剂(3mm线),在170巴下操作。同时使 20NL/h的氢通过反应器。
在减压至大气压后,用气相色谱法分析氢化排放物。
反应在960小时内连续进行,没有明显的催化剂失活。
丙胺 | DEG | TTD | 双氰基乙基二甘醇 | 其他 | |
0h | 0.3 | 0.8 | 80.2 | 0.3 | 18.4 |
960h | 0.5 | 1.1 | 76.8 | 0.2 | 21.4 |
实施例4
在半分批模式中比较Al2O3和ZrO2载体
氢化N,N-二甲氨基丙腈(DMAPN)为N,N-二甲氨基丙胺(DMAPA)
将具有挡板和圆盘搅拌器的270ml高压釜中装入5.0g适当的催化剂,并注入30g氨。将高压釜加热至100℃,并将氢气注入至总压达140巴。在3小时过程内计量加入适当的腈(6.0g,在54g THF中)。在反应条件下将反应混合物再搅拌60分钟。由气相色谱法测定的排料后所得氢化排放物的组成汇编在表2和3中。
DMAPA[GC面积%] | DMAPN[GC面积%] | ||
2%Ru@Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 73.6 | 24.9 | 对比实施例 |
2%Ru@ZrO<sub>2</sub> | 95.7 | 0.4 | 发明实施例 |
氢化N,N-双氰基乙基甲胺为N,N-双氨基丙基甲胺
类似于氢化二甲氨基丙腈
实施例5
在半分批模式中比较碳和ZrO2载体
发明实施例:在负载于ZrO2上的钌上氢化N,N-二甲氨基乙腈(DMAAN) 为N,N-二甲氨基乙胺(DMAEA)
将具有挡板和圆盘搅拌器的270ml高压釜中装入5.0g催化剂(2%Ru,在ZrO2上,3mm线),并注入40ml氨。将高压釜加热至100℃,并将氢气注入至总压达140巴。在1.5小时过程内计量加入DMAAN(6.0g,在54g THF中)。在反应条件下将反应混合物再搅拌60分钟。由气相色谱法测定的排料后所得氢化排放物的组成汇编在表5中。
对比实施例:在负载于碳上的钌上氢化N,N-二甲氨基乙腈(DMAAN)为 N,N-二甲氨基乙胺(DMAEA)
将具有挡板和圆盘搅拌器的270ml高压釜中装入5.0g催化剂(5%Ru,在碳上),并注入30g氨。将高压釜加热至100℃,并将氢气注入至总压达 140巴。在1.5小时过程内计量加入DMAAN(6.0g,在54g THF中)。在反应条件下将反应混合物再搅拌60分钟。由气相色谱法测定的排料后所得氢化排放物的组成汇编在表5中。
DMAEA[GC面积%] | DMAAN[GC面积%] | ||
2%Ru@ZrO<sub>2</sub> | 94 | 0 | 发明实施例 |
5%Ru@C | 1 | 90 | 对比实施例 |
Claims (15)
1.一种在氢、氨和负载于ZrO2上的固定床钌催化剂存在下氢化选自氰乙基化单醇和多醇、氰乙基化胺和α-氨基腈的腈类的方法。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所用的固定床Ru催化剂包含基于催化剂总重量为0.05-20重量%的钌。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中腈氢化方法连续操作。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中腈氢化方法连续操作。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中用于氢化的腈类是二腈类。
6.根据权利要求2的方法,其中用于氢化的腈类是二腈类。
7.根据权利要求3的方法,其中用于氢化的腈类是二腈类。
8.根据权利要求4的方法,其中用于氢化的腈类是二腈类。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中用于氢化的腈类选自氰乙基化单胺和多胺以及氰乙基化单醇和多醇。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中氢化无溶剂地进行。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其中氢化无溶剂地进行。
12.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中氢化在20-200℃的温度和20-300巴的压力下进行。
13.根据权利要求9的方法,其中氢化在20-200℃的温度和20-300巴的压力下进行。
14.根据权利要求10的方法,其中氢化在20-200℃的温度和20-300巴的压力下进行。
15.根据权利要求11的方法,其中氢化在20-200℃的温度和20-300巴的压力下进行。
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