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CN109664719B - Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle - Google Patents

Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109664719B
CN109664719B CN201910005734.1A CN201910005734A CN109664719B CN 109664719 B CN109664719 B CN 109664719B CN 201910005734 A CN201910005734 A CN 201910005734A CN 109664719 B CN109664719 B CN 109664719B
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China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
heat exchanger
air conditioner
groove
assembly
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Application number
CN201910005734.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109664719A (en
Inventor
黄章龙
曾繁智
张凯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Priority to CN201910005734.1A priority Critical patent/CN109664719B/en
Publication of CN109664719A publication Critical patent/CN109664719A/en
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Publication of CN109664719B publication Critical patent/CN109664719B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00507Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
    • B60H1/00514Details of air conditioning housings
    • B60H1/00521Mounting or fastening of components in housings, e.g. heat exchangers, fans, electronic regulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00371Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an air conditioner for a vehicle and the vehicle, and relates to the field of refrigeration equipment. The air conditioner for a vehicle includes: the assembly groove is embedded in the top surface of the vehicle, the upper edge of the assembly groove is flush with the top surface of the vehicle, and the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are arranged inside the assembly groove. The compressor assembly module and the heat exchanger assembly module are connected through a pipeline, and meanwhile, the compressor assembly module is electrically connected with the control circuit assembly module. The assembly groove is embedded in the top surface of the vehicle, and the compressor assembly module, the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are arranged in the assembly groove. Therefore, the vehicle air conditioner is integrally embedded in the top surface of the vehicle and cannot protrude. Thereby avoiding being scratched and improving the safety of the vehicle air conditioner.

Description

Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of refrigeration equipment, in particular to an air conditioner for a vehicle and the vehicle.
Background
The passenger car is a common vehicle in daily life, generally has a square carriage, can take more than 9 people, is a commercial vehicle for carrying passengers and carry-on luggage thereof, and is mainly used for public transportation and group transportation.
The prior passenger car air conditioner uniformly installs all parts of the air conditioner on a chassis, and then installs the assembled chassis with all parts of the passenger car air conditioner on the car roof. All parts of the passenger car air conditioner are installed on the chassis in a centralized mode, so that large installation errors exist, and the realization of automatic production is not facilitated. Meanwhile, the whole weight is heavy, certain potential safety hazards exist in the hoisting and mounting processes, and the operation is inconvenient. Finally, the whole air conditioner of the passenger car is arranged on the roof, so that the whole air conditioner is provided with a convex air conditioner, the whole air conditioner is not attractive, and the convex air conditioner is easy to scratch and damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vehicle air conditioner and a vehicle, and aims to solve the problem that an existing passenger car air conditioner is arranged on the roof in a protruding mode and is easy to scratch.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
an air conditioner for a vehicle, provided on a vehicle, comprising: the assembly groove is embedded on the top surface of the vehicle, and the compressor assembly module, the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are arranged inside the assembly groove;
the compressor assembly module comprises a first mounting plate and a compressor component arranged on the first mounting plate; the heat exchanger assembly module comprises a second mounting plate and a heat exchanger component arranged on the second mounting plate, and the control circuit assembly module comprises a third mounting plate and a control circuit arranged on the third mounting plate;
the heat exchanger assembly comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger which are arranged on the second mounting plate, the number of the second heat exchangers is two, the two second heat exchangers are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the first heat exchanger, a vertical plate is arranged between the two second heat exchangers and the first heat exchanger, and the vertical plate is used for isolating the adjacent first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressor assembly includes a compressor disposed on the first mounting plate, a gas-liquid separator, a four-way valve, and a connecting pipeline.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first mounting plate is provided with a first bracket, a second bracket and a positioning groove, the first bracket is used for mounting the four-way valve, the second bracket is used for manufacturing the connection pipeline, and the positioning groove is used for mounting the gas-liquid separator.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further includes a blower, and the blower is disposed in the assembly groove.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of partition plates are disposed in the assembly groove, and the assembly groove is divided into a compressor mounting groove, a heat exchanger mounting groove, a control circuit mounting groove and a fan mounting groove by the plurality of partition plates.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid guiding portion is disposed on a bottom surface of the fan mounting groove, and a plurality of ventilation openings are disposed on the liquid guiding portion.
A vehicle comprising the vehicular air conditioner of any one of the above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the vehicle air conditioner obtained through the design, the assembly groove is embedded in the top surface of the vehicle, and meanwhile, the compressor assembly module, the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are all arranged in the assembly groove. Therefore, the vehicle air conditioner is integrally embedded in the top surface of the vehicle and cannot protrude. Thereby avoiding being scratched and improving the safety of the vehicle air conditioner.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a general installation groove mounted on a vehicle roof in a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressor assembly module in an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger assembly module in an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second mounting plate in an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit assembly module in an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a general assembly groove in an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: a general assembly groove 1; a partition plate 11; a cover plate 12; a compressor mounting groove 13; a heat exchanger mounting groove 14; a control circuit mounting groove 15; a fan mounting groove 16; a liquid guide 161; a vent 162; a compressor assembly module 2; a first mounting plate 21; a first support 211; a second bracket 212; a positioning groove 213; a compressor 22; a gas-liquid separator 23; a heat exchanger assembly module 3; a second mounting plate 31; a vertical plate 311; a first limiting structure 312; a second limiting structure 313; a first heat exchanger 32; a second heat exchanger 33; a control circuit assembly module 4; the third mounting plate 41; a control circuit 42; and a fan 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Embodiment 1, please refer to fig. 1 to 7, which provide an air conditioner for a vehicle, disposed on a vehicle, including: the assembly groove 1 is embedded on the top surface of the vehicle, the upper edge of the assembly groove 1 is flush with the top surface of the vehicle, and the compressor assembly module 2, the heat exchanger assembly module 3 and the control circuit assembly module 4 are arranged inside the assembly groove 1. The compressor assembly module 2 and the heat exchanger assembly module 3 are connected through a pipeline, and meanwhile, the compressor assembly module 2 and the control circuit assembly module 4 are electrically connected.
In the air conditioner for vehicle provided by this embodiment, the assembly groove 1 is embedded on the top surface of the vehicle, and the compressor assembly module 2, the heat exchanger assembly module 3 and the control circuit assembly module 4 are all disposed in the assembly groove 1. Therefore, the vehicle air conditioner is integrally embedded in the top surface of the vehicle and cannot protrude. Thereby avoiding being scratched and improving the safety of the vehicle air conditioner.
Meanwhile, each component of the air conditioner is integrated and assembled, and is disassembled into the mutually independent compressor assembly module 2, the heat exchanger assembly module 3 and the control circuit assembly module 4, and when the air conditioner is installed, each module can be sequentially and independently installed in the assembly groove 1 without hoisting after the air conditioner is integrally installed on the base. In contrast, the present embodiment provides an air conditioner for a vehicle, in which the individual weight of each module is lighter than the total weight of the chassis plus all components. Therefore, when the safety device is installed, the potential safety hazard is greatly reduced, and the assembled safety system is improved.
In addition, because the compressor assembly module 2, the heat exchanger assembly module 3 and the control circuit assembly module 4 are independent assembly modules, when the compressor assembly module, the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are installed, the modules can be directly hoisted, and each component does not need to be installed independently like the existing installation method. The automatic production is convenient to realize, and the production efficiency is improved. And the internal installation precision of assembly module, because spare part in the single module compares in whole and a lot of is small in quantity, so can guarantee better installation precision when the equipment, make vehicle air conditioner's whole quality obtain promoting.
Further, referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a cover plate 12 is disposed on the assembly slot 1, the cover plate 12 is hinged to the assembly slot 1, and after the compressor assembly module 2, the heat exchanger assembly module 3 and the control circuit assembly module 4 are all installed in the assembly slot 1, the cover plate 12 is covered on the assembly slot 1 to protect the interior of the assembly slot 1. The cover plate 12 is provided with a through hole for air intake of the vehicle air conditioner.
Further, referring to fig. 3-6, in the present embodiment, the compressor assembly module 2 includes a first mounting plate 21 and a compressor component disposed on the first mounting plate 21; the heat exchanger assembly module 3 includes a second mounting plate 31 and a heat exchanger assembly disposed on the second mounting plate 31, and the control circuit assembly module 4 includes a third mounting plate 41 and a control circuit 42 disposed on the third mounting plate 41. The compressor assembly, the heat exchanger assembly and the control circuit 42 are respectively installed on the first installation plate 21, the second installation plate 31 and the third installation plate 41, when each assembly module is carried out, only the corresponding installation plates are needed to be installed at the appointed positions of the assembly groove 1, the operation is simple, convenient and fast, and the production efficiency is increased.
Further, referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the compressor assembly includes a compressor 22 disposed on the first mounting plate 21, a gas-liquid separator 23, a four-way valve, and a connecting pipeline. The first mounting plate 21 is provided with a first bracket 211, a second bracket 212 and a positioning groove 213, the first bracket 211 is used for mounting the four-way valve, the second bracket 212 is used for manufacturing a connecting pipeline, and the positioning groove 213 is used for mounting the gas-liquid separator 23. In this embodiment, the first bracket 211, the second bracket 212, and the positioning groove 213 are pre-disposed on the first mounting plate 21, so that the gas-liquid separator 23, the four-way valve, and the connecting pipeline can be positioned by corresponding structures when being mounted, thereby further reducing the mounting error and improving the overall quality of the vehicle air conditioner. In this embodiment, the compressor component further includes air conditioner general components such as an expansion valve and a flash tank, and the connection mode thereof may refer to an existing air conditioner.
Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, the control circuit 42 may be an existing air conditioner control circuit, and in the present embodiment, only the control circuit in the existing air conditioner is integrated on the third mounting plate 41, and those skilled in the art can fully implement the present invention with the support of the prior art.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the heat exchanger assembly includes a first heat exchanger 32 and two second heat exchangers 33 disposed on a second mounting plate 31. The two second heat exchangers 33 are respectively disposed at opposite sides of the first heat exchanger 32. The two second heat exchangers 33 correspond to both ends of the vehicle, respectively. Because the air in the existing passenger cars and other vehicles is blown out through double pipelines, the air can be blown to passengers sitting on two sides. In this embodiment, the two second heat exchangers 33 correspond to the two air outlet pipelines respectively, and the air outlet modes of the two air outlet pipelines are the same.
Further, referring to fig. 4 to 7, in the present embodiment, a vertical plate 311 is disposed between the two second heat exchangers 33 and the first heat exchanger 32, and the vertical plate 311 is used for isolating the adjacent first heat exchanger 32 and the second heat exchanger 33. First heat exchanger 32 sets up between two riser 311 and is connected with second mounting panel 31, and two second heat exchangers 33 set up respectively in two riser 311 and deviate from one side of first heat exchanger 32. The vertical plate 311 is used for isolating the first heat exchanger 32 and the second heat exchanger 33, and reducing the mutual heat exchange between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, thereby avoiding the influence on the performance of the vehicle air conditioner. The two sides of the two vertical plates 311 are further provided with first limiting structures 312 respectively, so that the pipelines of the two second heat exchangers 33 can be fixed and limited, and the pipelines can be conveniently installed. Meanwhile, a second limiting structure 313 is arranged at a position, corresponding to the pipeline of the first heat exchanger 32, on the second mounting plate 31, so that the pipeline of the first heat exchanger 32 can be fixed and limited, and the pipeline can be conveniently mounted. Meanwhile, the first limiting structure 312 and the second limiting structure 313 can also prevent the corresponding pipelines from vibrating greatly, thereby reducing the operating noise of the vehicle air conditioner.
Further, referring to fig. 4-7, in the present embodiment, the heat exchanger further includes a plurality of fans 5, the fans 5 are disposed in the assembly groove 1, and the fans 5 are divided into two groups, and the two groups of fans 5 are disposed on two sides of the heat exchanger assembly module 3, and respectively correspond to the two second heat exchangers 33 for blowing air.
Further, referring to fig. 4-7, in the present embodiment, a plurality of partition plates 11 are disposed in the assembly groove 1, and the assembly groove 1 is divided into a compressor mounting groove 13, a heat exchanger mounting groove 14, a control circuit mounting groove 15, and a fan mounting groove 16 by the plurality of partition plates 11. Wherein, the number of the fan mounting grooves 16 is two, and the two fan mounting grooves are arranged at two sides of the heat exchanger mounting groove 14. The shape of each mounting groove corresponds to the shape of each mounting plate, so that each assembly module can be quickly positioned when being mounted. Meanwhile, positioning bolts are pre-embedded in the bottom surfaces of the compressor mounting groove 13, the heat exchanger mounting groove 14, the control circuit mounting groove 15 and the fan mounting groove 16, and further positioning is performed on each assembly module when the assembly module is mounted, so that the mounting speed is increased, and the production efficiency is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, a liquid guiding portion 161 is disposed on a bottom surface of the fan mounting groove 16, and a plurality of ventilation openings 162 are disposed on the liquid guiding portion 161. The liquid guide part 161 is inclined, specifically, a triangular prism, and one side surface thereof is connected to the bottom surface of the fan installation groove 16. The liquid guide part 161 can guide the condensed water formed during the operation of the fan 5, so that the condensed water can leave the fan 5 quickly, and the formation of residues at the fan 5 is avoided, thereby influencing the performance of the fan 5. Meanwhile, the vent 162 is disposed on the inclined surface of the liquid guiding portion 161, and the edge of the port of the vent 162 protrudes slightly, so that the condensed water can be effectively prevented from flowing into the vent 162, and the normal operation of the vehicle air conditioner is affected.
A vehicle comprises the vehicle air conditioner.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides an air conditioner for vehicle, sets up on the vehicle, its characterized in that includes: the assembly groove is embedded on the top surface of the vehicle, and the compressor assembly module, the heat exchanger assembly module and the control circuit assembly module are arranged inside the assembly groove;
the compressor assembly module comprises a first mounting plate and a compressor component arranged on the first mounting plate; the heat exchanger assembly module comprises a second mounting plate and a heat exchanger component arranged on the second mounting plate, and the control circuit assembly module comprises a third mounting plate and a control circuit arranged on the third mounting plate;
the heat exchanger assembly comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger which are arranged on the second mounting plate, the number of the second heat exchangers is two, the two second heat exchangers are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the first heat exchanger, a vertical plate is arranged between the two second heat exchangers and the first heat exchanger, and the vertical plate is used for isolating the adjacent first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
2. The vehicle air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the compressor assembly comprises a compressor disposed on the first mounting plate, a gas-liquid separator, a four-way valve, and a connection line.
3. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the first mounting plate is provided with a first bracket, a second bracket and a positioning groove, the first bracket is used for mounting the four-way valve, the second bracket is used for manufacturing the connecting pipeline, and the positioning groove is used for mounting the gas-liquid separator.
4. The vehicle air conditioner of claim 1, further comprising a fan disposed in the assembly groove.
5. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of partition plates are provided in the assembly groove, and the plurality of partition plates partition the assembly groove into a compressor mounting groove, a heat exchanger mounting groove, a control circuit mounting groove, and a fan mounting groove.
6. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 5, wherein a liquid guide portion is provided on a bottom surface of the fan installation groove, and a plurality of ventilation openings are provided on the liquid guide portion.
7. A vehicle characterized in that the vehicle comprises the vehicular air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
CN201910005734.1A 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle Active CN109664719B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910005734.1A CN109664719B (en) 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910005734.1A CN109664719B (en) 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle

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CN109664719A CN109664719A (en) 2019-04-23
CN109664719B true CN109664719B (en) 2020-07-24

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6763670B1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-07-20 Carrier Corporation Configuration for modular rooftop air conditioning system
CN205836430U (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-12-28 上海金翅鹏实业有限公司 A kind of lightweight, modularity big-and-middle-sized electric motor coach vehicle electric air-conditioner
CN205909476U (en) * 2016-07-05 2017-01-25 杭州祥和实业有限公司 Passenger train air conditioner drain pan
CN107571710A (en) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-12 杭州祥和实业有限公司 A kind of modularization intelligent pure electric coach air-conditioning
CN207106100U (en) * 2017-08-09 2018-03-16 山东通盛制冷设备有限公司 One kind energy-conservation block form air conditioner for electric motor coach

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007023249B4 (en) * 2007-05-18 2014-02-13 Ingersoll-Rand Klimasysteme Deutschland Gmbh On-roof air conditioner for a vehicle, in particular a bus
US9758014B2 (en) * 2009-02-27 2017-09-12 Thermo King Corporation Low profile air conditioning unit for vehicles
CN205706052U (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-11-23 上海金翅鹏实业有限公司 A kind of automobile-used pure electric air-conditioning system of monoblock type overhead
US10391840B2 (en) * 2016-07-15 2019-08-27 TransArctic Canada, Inc. Adaptable roof-mounted air conditioning system for vehicles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6763670B1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-07-20 Carrier Corporation Configuration for modular rooftop air conditioning system
CN205836430U (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-12-28 上海金翅鹏实业有限公司 A kind of lightweight, modularity big-and-middle-sized electric motor coach vehicle electric air-conditioner
CN205909476U (en) * 2016-07-05 2017-01-25 杭州祥和实业有限公司 Passenger train air conditioner drain pan
CN107571710A (en) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-12 杭州祥和实业有限公司 A kind of modularization intelligent pure electric coach air-conditioning
CN207106100U (en) * 2017-08-09 2018-03-16 山东通盛制冷设备有限公司 One kind energy-conservation block form air conditioner for electric motor coach

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