CN109652335A - 一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/125—Casei
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
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- A23V2400/157—Lactis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备方法。该乳酸菌活性菌剂的制备过程包括益生乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵、乳酸菌固态菌剂的基本配方和包含配方的制备以及粉体造粒工艺。本发明通过在乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵过程中添加多种生物活性成分,以及基本配方和保护配方的优化,在保证乳酸菌高存活率的同时,提高其益生功能。本发明制备的乳酸菌活性菌剂中乳酸菌耐酸、耐胆盐能力提高,在模拟动物胃肠液中存活率高,具有良好的益生保健功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程领域,具体涉及一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备方法。
背景技术
活性乳酸菌菌剂具有促进肠胃消化吸收、调节肠道微生态平衡、提高机体免疫力、防病保健等功能。同时,乳酸菌制剂因其天然可食用、无毒副作用、安全可靠和易大规模发酵等优势,广泛应用于食品保健、畜牧饲料、水产养殖、微生物发酵和环境保护等行业。然而,目前市售乳酸菌多为液体菌剂,其剂型单一且保存期相对较短,而固态乳酸菌制剂不仅口感细腻,而且便于储存和运输。因此,乳酸菌固态活性菌剂的开发和制备具有广阔的市场潜力。
目前,有关乳酸菌固态活性菌剂的发酵制备工艺研究较少,配方有待优化升级。专利CN 1369553 A公开了一种制备活性乳酸菌固态制剂的方法,该发明添加固体淀粉质碳源和多种氮源,采用糖化曲霉分解淀粉,并通过低温干燥制备为固态制剂。该发明所述工艺简单易行,产品便于保存,但是发酵菌活不高,且产物营养益生物质单一。专利CN 1400304 A公开了一种微生态制剂的液—固结合发酵工艺,该发明的固体发酵环节在厌氧塑料袋中进行,固体基质成分简单、发酵规模受限。
本发明所述的乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备工艺包括益生乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵、乳酸菌固态菌剂基本配方和保护配方的制备以及后期粉体造粒过程。本发明在乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵过程中添加多种生物活性成分,并配制为富含多种营养益生成分和菌体保护物质的乳酸菌制剂,最终经过干燥处理得到乳白色颗粒状乳酸菌产品。该乳酸菌活性菌剂的制备方法经济环保,生产工艺简单高效,生产成本低;产品无异味,口感柔和,有天然发酵乳香味;其耐酸能力提高50%以上、耐胆盐能力提高一倍以上,动物胃肠液存活率高;具有较高的乳酸菌存活率和多种保健益生功能。
本发明的优点在于在乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵过程中定量添加蒙脱土、海藻糖、普鲁兰多糖、谷胱甘肽、抗性淀粉、甘油、异VC酸等多种生物活性成分,在有效提高乳酸菌菌剂活性的同时,增强了产品的营养成分和保健功能。例如,蒙脱土具有吸附、固定、灭活病原微生物,以及吸附、清除毒素和有害因子的作用,是一种具有乳化、增稠、助悬、吸附功能和良好的药用价值的生物活性辅料。抗性淀粉能显著促进乳酸菌生长,协助肠道对铁离子和钙离子的吸收,且来源广泛、制备工艺简单、口感好。谷胱甘肽则具有抗过敏、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老和增强免疫力等功能,是一种重要的抗氧化剂。
发明内容
本发明制备的一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂,具体包括乳酸菌活菌剂和乳酸菌固态制剂的发酵,乳酸菌固态制剂的基本配方、保护配方的制备以及固态制剂的粉体造粒工艺。
首先,发酵制备乳酸活菌剂,其发酵菌株来源包括屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、乳酸肠球菌、两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌或保加利亚杆菌中的一种或几种。
其中,乳酸菌发酵培养基,以重量份计,添加脱脂奶粉10-15%(W/V),以及以下二种或二种以上的混合物:
抗性淀粉 1-3%
海藻糖 3-5%
普鲁兰多糖 1-3%
异VC酸 0.1-0.5%
谷胱甘肽 0.2-0.5 mM
蒙脱土 0.1-1.0%
甘油 0.5-2.5%
乳酸活菌剂的具体发酵工艺为:培养基105-110℃灭菌10-15 min,冷却至室温后,按1~3 %的比例接入乳酸菌发酵菌种。接种后于30℃-39℃恒温发酵5-8 h,至脱脂奶粉乳凝固,pH为 4.0-4.5时发酵结束。150-200 rpm搅拌、冷却至室温,得到乳酸菌活菌剂,其有效活菌数≥2.0×109cfu/mL。
分别将乳酸菌活菌剂配制为基本配方和保护配方固态制剂,制备工艺如下所述。
将上述乳酸菌活菌剂与各组分混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入水。以重量份计,各组分为:益生因子3-10份、勃结剂3-10份、包衣剂20.5-55份、淀粉34-67份和水25-70份。充分混匀后20-45℃条件下旋流干燥,即为基本配方固态制剂。
其中,上述益生因子为低聚木糖或低聚果糖中的一种或两种;勃结剂为梭甲基纤维素钠或微晶纤维素中的一种或两种;包衣剂为聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ、海藻酸钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种;淀粉为玉米淀粉、麦类淀粉或马铃薯淀粉中的一种或几种。
取乳酸菌活菌剂3500-4000 rpm离心8-10 min,收集菌泥。该菌泥与保护配方中的各种组分混合,然后加入水,分散搅匀,得乳状制剂。以重量份计,每1-5份菌泥混合其他组分:食品级甘油0.1-2.0份,蔗糖0.4-2.0份,麦芽糊精0.3-5.0份,乳清粉0.1-3.0份、植物提取物0.06-1.5份、水0.5-7.0份。
其中,上述植物提取物为杜仲叶提取物、陈皮提取物或甘草提取物中的一种或几种。其制备方法为:取1-10重量份的待提取物,40-55℃干燥至含水量低于10%,粉碎至60-80目,无水乙醇萃取1-3 h。用100-200目筛网过滤并收集滤液,40-55℃旋转蒸发得到萃取物,加入10-200重量份的水充分溶解即得。
所得保护配方的饲用高活性乳酸菌制剂采用喷雾干燥进行粉体造粒,具体条件为进料流量2-5 mL/min,进风量40-50 m3/h,出风温度55-80℃。
上述基本配方和保护配方乳酸菌固态制剂的含水量为3.0-5.0 %,乳酸菌有效菌活菌数≥1.0×1012cfu/g。
附图说明
图1是不同乳酸菌菌剂耐酸性结果
图2是不同乳酸菌菌剂猪胆盐耐受性结果
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明,以便本领域的技术人员更了解本发明,但并不因此限制本发明。
实施例1
首先,配制12%(W/V)脱脂奶粉,加入3 %的海藻糖和0.3 mM谷胱甘肽,110℃灭菌10min。冷却至室温后,按3 %的比例接入两歧双歧杆菌,发酵生产乳酸菌活菌剂。35℃恒温发酵6 h,至脱脂奶粉乳凝固,pH为 4.5时发酵结束。经过150 rpm搅拌、冷却至室温,得到乳酸菌活菌剂,其有效活菌数为2.0×109cfu/mL。
然后,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为基本配方固态制剂。将乳酸菌活菌剂与各组分混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入水。以重量份计,各组分为:低聚木糖5份、梭甲基纤维素钠4份、海藻酸钠25份、玉米淀粉50份和水40份。充分混匀后30℃条件下旋流干燥,即为基本配方固态制剂。所得基本配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量4.5 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.08×1012cfu/g。
与此同时,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为保护配方固态制剂。取乳酸菌活菌剂3500rpm离心10 min,收集菌泥。以重量份计,取2份菌泥与食品级甘油0.1份、蔗糖0.4份、麦芽糊精0.4份、乳清粉0.8份、植物提取物1.0份混合,然后加入水2.5份,分散搅匀,得保护配方乳状制剂。
其中,提取植物提取物制备方法为:将2重量份的杜仲叶和3重量份的陈皮、45℃干燥至含水量低于10%,粉碎至60目,无水乙醇萃取2 h。用200目筛网过滤并收集滤液,45℃旋转蒸发得到萃取物,用加入50重量份的水,充分溶解即得。
所得保护配方的的饲用高活性乳酸菌制剂进行喷雾干燥,具体条件为进料流量3mL/min,进风量45 m3/h,出风温度60℃。所得保护配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量4.2 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.17×1012cfu/g。
实施例2
首先,配制15%(W/V)脱脂奶粉,加入2%普鲁兰多糖,2%抗性淀粉和0.3 % mM异VC酸,110℃灭菌12 min。冷却至室温后,按3 %乳酸乳杆菌、2 %保加利亚杆菌的比例接种,发酵生产乳酸菌活菌剂。39℃恒温发酵5 h,至脱脂奶粉乳凝固,pH为 4.0时发酵结束。经过200 rpm搅拌、冷却至室温,得到乳酸菌活菌剂,其有效活菌数为3.6×109cfu/mL。
然后,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为基本配方固态制剂。将乳酸菌活菌剂与各组分混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入水。以重量份计,各组分为:低聚果糖10份、微晶纤维素8份、海藻酸钠10份、氯化钙10份、马铃薯淀粉50份和水45份。充分混匀后45℃条件下旋流干燥,即为基本配方固态制剂。所得基本配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量3.2 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.45×1012cfu/g。
与此同时,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为保护配方固态制剂。取乳酸菌活菌剂4000rpm离心8 min,收集菌泥。以重量份计,取5份菌泥与食品级甘油1.0份、蔗糖0.9份、麦芽糊精2.5份、乳清粉1.5份、植物提取物1.2份混合,然后加入水5.8份,分散搅匀,得乳状制剂。
其中,提取植物制备方法为:将3重量份的杜仲叶和2重量份的甘草在55℃干燥至水分含量8%,粉碎至80目,无水乙醇萃取3 h。用200目筛网过滤并收集滤液,55℃旋转蒸发得到萃取物,用加入50重量份的水,充分溶解即得。
所得保护配方的的饲用高活性乳酸菌制剂进行喷雾干燥,具体条件为进料流量2.0 mL/min,进风量50 m3/h,出风温度60℃。所得保护配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量3.6 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.60×1012cfu/g。
实施例3
首先,、配制15%(W/V)脱脂奶粉,加入3.5%(W/V)海藻糖和0.5 %蒙脱土,108℃灭菌12 min。冷却至室温后,按3 %的比例接入嗜酸乳杆菌,发酵生产乳酸菌活菌剂。在37℃条件下恒温发酵6 h,至脱脂奶粉乳凝固,pH为 4.3时发酵结束。经过180 rpm搅拌、冷却至室温,得到乳酸菌活菌剂,其有效活菌数为2.5×109cfu/mL。
然后,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为基本配方固态制剂。将乳酸菌活菌剂与各组分混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入水。以重量份计,各组分为:低聚木糖5份、梭甲基纤维素钠5份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ 35份、麦类淀粉50份和水40份。充分混匀后40℃条件下旋流干燥,即为基本配方固态制剂。得基本配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量4.1 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.25×1012cfu/g。
与此同时,将上述乳酸菌活菌剂配制为保护配方固态制剂。取乳酸菌活菌剂3800rpm离心8 min,收集菌泥。以重量份计,取3份菌泥与食品级甘油1.0份、蔗糖1.0份、麦芽糊精3.0份、乳清粉2.0份、植物提取物1.0份混合,然后加入水5.0份,分散搅匀,得保护配方乳状制剂。
其中,植物提取物的制备方法为:将3重量份的杜仲叶在50℃干燥至含水量低于9%,粉碎至80目,无水乙醇萃取3 h。用200目筛网过滤并收集滤液,50℃旋转蒸发得到萃取物,用加入20重量份的水,充分溶解即得。
所得保护配方的的饲用高活性乳酸菌制剂进行喷雾干燥,具体条件为进料流量3mL/min,进风量45 m3/h,出风温度65℃。所得保护配方乳酸菌固态制剂含水量3.5 %,乳酸菌有效活菌数1.33×1012cfu/g。
对照例1为普通市售乳酸菌菌剂。
各实施例与对比例耐酸性分析结果如图1,猪胆盐耐受性分析结果如图2。
由表可知,各实施例的乳酸菌菌剂的耐酸和耐胆盐能力与对比例相比,分别提高50%以上和一倍以上。因此,根据本发明所述方法制备的乳酸菌菌剂的耐酸和耐胆盐能力均有大幅提高,该菌剂在模拟动物胃肠液中存活率较高。
Claims (7)
1.本发明涉及一种饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的制备方法,具体包括乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵,乳酸菌固态制剂的基本配方和保护配方的制备,以及后期固态制剂的粉体造粒工艺。
2.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的乳酸菌固态制剂采用的发酵菌种包含但不限于以下乳酸菌中的一种或几种:屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、乳酸肠球菌、两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌或保加利亚杆菌。
3.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的乳酸菌活菌剂的发酵工艺如下:
培养基105-110℃灭菌10-15 min,冷却至室温后,按1~3 %的比例接入乳酸菌发酵菌种.然接种后30℃-39℃恒温发酵5-8 h至脱脂奶粉乳凝固,pH 4.0-4.5时发酵结束.搅拌、冷却至室温,得到乳酸菌活菌剂.
其中,乳酸菌发酵培养基,以重量份计,添加10-15%(W/V)脱脂奶粉,以及以下二种或二种以上的混合物:
抗性淀粉 1-3%
海藻糖 3-5%
普鲁兰多糖 1-3%
异VC酸 0.1-0.5%
谷胱甘肽 0.2-0.5 mM
蒙脱土 0.1-1.0%
甘油 0.5-2.5%
如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的基本配方制备过程如下:
取权利要求3中制得的乳酸菌活菌剂与其他各组分混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入水.以重量份计,其他各组分为:益生因子3-10份、勃结剂3-10份、包衣剂20.5-55份、淀粉34-67份和水25-70份,充分混匀.其中,上述益生因子为低聚木糖或低聚果糖中的一种或两种;勃结剂为梭甲基纤维素钠或微晶纤维素中的一种或两种;包衣剂为聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ、海藻酸钠或氯化钙中的一种或几种;淀粉为玉米淀粉、麦类淀粉或马铃薯淀粉中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂基本配方的粉体造粒工艺为20-45℃条件下旋流干燥。
5.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的保护配方制备过程如下:
取权利要求3中制得的乳酸菌活菌剂离心并收集菌泥,与保护配方中的各种组分混合,然后加入水,分散搅匀,制得菌液.以重量份计,每1-5份菌泥混合其他组分为:食品级甘油0.1-2.0份、蔗糖0.4-2.0份、麦芽糊精0.3-5.0份、乳清粉0.1-3.0份、植物提取物0.06-1.5份、水0.5-7.0份.其中,上述植物提取物为杜仲叶提取物、陈皮提取物或甘草提取物中的一种或几种。
6.植物提取物的提取方法为:取1-10重量份的待提取物,40-55℃干燥至含水量低于10%,粉碎至60-80目,无水乙醇萃取1-3 h.过滤收集滤液,40-55℃旋转蒸发得到萃取物,用10-200重量份的水充分溶解即得。
7.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的饲用固态乳酸菌高活性菌剂的保护配方采用喷雾干燥进行粉体造粒,具体工艺进料流量2-5 mL/min,进风量40-50 m3/h,出风温度55-80℃。
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