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CN109659140A - Lithium ion super capacitor cathode pre-embedding lithium method - Google Patents

Lithium ion super capacitor cathode pre-embedding lithium method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109659140A
CN109659140A CN201710940716.3A CN201710940716A CN109659140A CN 109659140 A CN109659140 A CN 109659140A CN 201710940716 A CN201710940716 A CN 201710940716A CN 109659140 A CN109659140 A CN 109659140A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lithium
cathode
embedding
super capacitor
embedding lithium
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Pending
Application number
CN201710940716.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘翠连
张华民
张洪章
李先锋
曲超
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Priority to CN201710940716.3A priority Critical patent/CN109659140A/en
Publication of CN109659140A publication Critical patent/CN109659140A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Invention describes a kind of methods of the pre- embedding lithium of lithium ion super capacitor cathode.Using the anode containing mass content 2-15% richness lithium compound, with can embedding lithium cathode and diaphragm assembling lithium ion super capacitor be placed in a container, electrolyte is injected into container, charge to lithium ion super capacitor, to can embedding lithium cathode realization theory can embedding lithium quality 30-90% pre- lithium-inserting amount.The Irreversible Adsorption that pre- embedding lithium can prevent in charge and discharge process the reduction of ontology ion concentration and anion in electrolyte in anode to a certain extent is carried out to cathode, to achieve the purpose that the charge-discharge performance for improving lithium ion super capacitor.

Description

Lithium ion super capacitor cathode pre-embedding lithium method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of the pre- embedding lithium of lithium ion super capacitor cathode, belong to electrochemical energy storage technology neck Domain.
Background technique
In recent years, a kind of electrochemistry hybrid super capacitor being made of electrical double layer capacitor electrodes and electrode for secondary battery As research and development focus, which uses is formed electric double layer and is carried out energy storage based on interface charge adsorption desorption Carbon material, cathode use carried out based on lithium ion intercalation/deintercalation energy storage metal oxide or can embedding lithium carbonaceous material.Cause The energy storage mechnism of its cathode is also referred to as such as lithium-ion battery system: lithium ion super capacitor.Generally, In lithium ion super capacitor system, for embedding cathode of lithium, all exist in first charge-discharge process a degree of Irreversible embedding lithium, this electrochemical behavior will lead to the electrolysis solution anion of identical molal quantity in active carbon positive electrode surface can not Inverse absorption, eventually leads to the reduction of electrolyte ion concentration and the decaying of electrode capacity, influences lithium ion super capacitor system Charge-discharge performance.It can be solved the above problems, while can reduced negative by carrying out the pre- embedding lithium of certain depth to cathode The intercalation potential of pole and the current potential for being always maintained at reduction, this will improve the charge-discharge performance of lithium ion super capacitor, as efficiency, Cyclical stability and large current density electrical characteristics etc..
Currently, the method for carrying out pre- embedding lithium to cathode is mainly: using lithium metal as third pole, passing through the method for external short circuit Pre- embedding lithium is carried out to cathode, there are many disadvantages for this method: firstly, metal introduces lithium-ion capacitor system meeting band as a pole Carry out safety problem;Secondly, battery assembly manufacturing process is complicated, to environmental requirement harshness;Again, external short circuit process of intercalation is not easily-controllable System;Finally, electrolyte and diaphragm that lithium-ion capacitor system need to nearly double etc. are to be used for pre- embedding lithium.
In addition, also having been reported that (has certain irreversible de- lithium property by introducing nonmetallic lithium third pole in anode Rich lithium compound, such as LiFePO4、LiMO2, wherein M=Co, Ni, Mn etc. and LiNixZ1-xO2Wherein Z=Mn, Co, Fe, La, V, Al, Mg, Zn, 0<x>1) method carries out pre- embedding lithium to cathode, the disadvantages of the method are as follows embedding with the lithium in richness lithium compound Enter cathode, inactive product can be generated or have unreacted rich lithium compound, these substances, which remain in anode, will affect The chemical property of lithium ion super capacitor.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that present invention is in order to overcome the prior art provides a kind of pre- embedding lithium side of lithium ion super capacitor cathode Method the purpose is to solve the problems, such as that lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte intermediate ion concentration decline amplitude is big, while further changing The charge-discharge characteristic of kind lithium ion super capacitor, such as efficiency, capacity, large current density electrical characteristics and cyclical stability.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem the improvement with realization to lithium ion super capacitor performance, tool proposed by the present invention Body technique scheme is as follows:
Using the anode containing mass content 2-15% richness lithium compound, with can embedding lithium cathode and diaphragm assemble lithium ion Supercapacitor is placed in a container, and electrolyte is injected into container, is charged to lithium ion super capacitor, to can be embedding The cathode realization theory of lithium can embedding lithium quality 30-90% pre- lithium-inserting amount.
Rich lithium compound is one of lithium nitride, Lithium Azide or two kinds or more.
Charge condition is constant-current charge: charging current 0.01-3mA, time 5-300h;Positive electrode and negative electrode mass ratio (1- 4):(1-3)。
Positive electrode is one of porous carbon materials or conducting polymer or two kinds or more;
Porous carbon materials are one of activated carbon fibre, active carbon powder, carbon nanotube, graphene or two kinds or more; Conducting polymer is polyaniline, gathers to one of benzene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and its derivative or two kinds or more;
Can embedding lithium titanate cathode material be soft carbon, hard carbon, graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, lithium titanyl complex chemical compound, titanium dioxide One of tin, molybdenum oxide or two kinds or more;
Electrolyte is LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4One of or two kinds or more lithium salts organic solution.
The solvent of electrolyte is the EC:DEC of volume ratio 1:1.
At lithium ion super capacitor in the activation process of its first circle realization pair is made after electrode with cathode direct-assembling The pre- embedding lithium of cathode.Product after carrying out irreversible disengaging is nitrogen, is deposited in the airbag of soft-package battery, will after first circle activation Gas extraction, completes battery seal.
Beneficial outcomes of the invention are as follows:
(1) the method ratio of the pre- embedding lithium of lithium metal is directlyed adopt with cathode: the packaging technology of lithium-ion capacitor is simplified, Security performance be improved significantly;Rich lithium compound is entrained in positive electrode, can be achieved with by the activation of first circle to cathode Pre- embedding lithium, it is more safer than the method with lithium metal external short circuit, reliable, easily-controllable;Lithium ion super can be obviously reduced in the present invention The dosage of capacitor diaphragm and electrolyte, reduces cost;
(2) and equally using LiFePO4、LiMO2、LiNixZ1-xO2It is entrained in anode Deng richness lithium compound, passes through activation Complete the method ratio of the pre- embedding lithium of cathode: method of the invention will not generate lithium compound residual after completing pre- embedding lithium after activation In anode, the decaying of positive electrode capacity not will lead to.
(3) ontology ion concentration in electrolyte can be prevented in charge and discharge process to a certain extent by carrying out pre- embedding lithium to cathode Reduction and anion anode Irreversible Adsorption, thus reach improve lithium ion super capacitor charge-discharge performance mesh 's.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the photo of the lithium ion super capacitor device of assembling
Fig. 2 is that anode activated charcoal after embedding lithium depth pre- to cathode hard carbon reaches 80%, the potential change of cathode hard carbon are bent Line and hard carbon // active carbon lithium ion super capacitor charging and discharging curve.
Fig. 3 is that anode activated charcoal after embedding lithium depth pre- to cathode hard carbon reaches 60%, the potential change of cathode hard carbon are bent Line and hard carbon // active carbon lithium ion super capacitor charging and discharging curve;.
Fig. 4 is not carry out the anode activated charcoal of pre- embedding lithium, the potential change curve of cathode hard carbon and hard to cathode hard carbon Carbon // active carbon lithium ion super capacitor charging and discharging curve.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment of act set forth below, further include each specific embodiment it Between any combination.
Embodiment 1:
The lithium nitride that mass percent is 11%, using hard carbon as cathode, the LiPF6/EC of 1M are added in active carbon anode: DEC (volume ratio 1:1) is electrolyte, and cellgard2400 is that diaphragm assembles lithium ion super capacitor.By the charging of first circle, Depth, which is 80% pre- embedding lithium, to be realized to cathode, the voltage range of the capacitor is 2-4.2V, and charging and discharging curve symmetry is good (such as Shown in attached drawing 2), for coulombic efficiency close to 100%, specific energy reaches 31Wh/kg.
Embodiment 2:
The lithium nitride that mass percent is 6%, using hard carbon as cathode, the LiPF6/EC of 1M are added in active carbon anode: DEC (volume ratio 1:1) is electrolyte, and cellgard2400 is that diaphragm assembles lithium ion super capacitor.By the charging of first circle, Depth, which is 60% pre- embedding lithium, to be realized to cathode, the voltage range of the capacitor is 2-4.2V, and charging and discharging curve symmetry is good (such as Shown in attached drawing 3), for coulombic efficiency close to 100%, specific energy reaches 25Wh/kg, and the discharge capacity under 30C discharge-rate is positively retained at 80% or more under 1C discharge-rate.
Embodiment 3:
The Lithium Azide that mass percent is 15%, using hard carbon as cathode, the LiPF6/ of 1M are added in active carbon anode EC:DEC (volume ratio 1:1) is electrolyte, and cellgard2400 is that diaphragm assembles lithium ion super capacitor.Pass through filling for first circle Electricity realizes that depth is 85% pre- embedding lithium to cathode, and the voltage range of the capacitor is 2.8-4.2V, charging and discharging curve symmetry Good, for coulombic efficiency close to 100%, specific energy reaches 17Wh/kg.
Comparative example 1:
Rich lithium compound is not added in active carbon anode, using hard carbon as cathode, the LiPF6/EC:DEC (volume ratio 1:1) of 1M For electrolyte, cellgard2400 is that diaphragm assembles lithium ion super capacitor.It is to be filled in 2.8-4.2V in voltage range Discharge test (as shown in Fig. 4), coulombic efficiency 75%, specific energy are only 10Wh/kg.
Compared with attached drawing 4, use rich lithium compound cathode is carried out respectively depth for 80% (as shown in Fig. 2) and After the pre- embedding lithium of 60% (as shown in Fig. 3), cathode potential is reduced, so that anode is in its stable potential region, and Conducive to the performance of positive electrode capacity, therefore entire device energy density and cycle performance are improved and improve.
Comparative example 2:
The LiFePO that mass percent is 5% is added in active carbon anode4, using hard carbon as cathode, the LiPF6/EC of 1M: DEC (volume ratio 1:1) is electrolyte, and cellgard2400 is that diaphragm assembles lithium ion super capacitor.By the charging of first circle, Pre- embedding lithium is carried out to cathode, the voltage range of the capacitor is 2.8-4.2V, and specific energy only has 10Wh/kg.

Claims (6)

1. lithium ion super capacitor cathode pre-embedding lithium method, it is characterised in that:
Using the anode containing mass content 2-15% richness lithium compound, with can embedding lithium cathode and diaphragm assemble lithium ion super Capacitor is placed in a container, and electrolyte is injected into container, is charged to lithium ion super capacitor, to can embedding lithium Cathode realization theory can embedding lithium quality 30-90% pre- lithium-inserting amount.
2. according to cathode pre-embedding lithium method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: rich lithium compound is lithium nitride, Lithium Azide One of or two kinds or more.
3. according to cathode pre-embedding lithium method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: charge condition is constant-current charge: charging current 0.01-3mA, time 5-300h;Positive electrode and negative electrode mass ratio (1-4): (1-3).
4. according to the cathode pre-embedding lithium method of claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: positive electrode is porous carbon materials or leads One of electric polymer or two kinds or more;
Porous carbon materials are one of activated carbon fibre, active carbon powder, carbon nanotube, graphene or two kinds or more;It is conductive Polymer is polyaniline, gathers to one of benzene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and its derivative or two kinds or more;
Can embedding lithium titanate cathode material be soft carbon, hard carbon, graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, lithium titanyl complex chemical compound, stannic oxide, oxygen Change one of molybdenum or two kinds or more;
Electrolyte is with LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4One of or two kinds or more lithium salts organic solution.
5. according to cathode pre-embedding lithium method described in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The solvent of electrolyte is EC and DEC (volume ratio 1:1), and lithium salt is 1mol/L in electrolyte.
6. according to cathode pre-embedding lithium method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: used diaphragm is celgard2400.
CN201710940716.3A 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Lithium ion super capacitor cathode pre-embedding lithium method Pending CN109659140A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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EP3848949A1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-14 Fundación Centro de Investigación Cooperativa de Energías Alternativas, CIC Energigune Fundazioa Metal ion capacitor based on hard carbon as negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon and sacrificial salt as the positive electrode
CN113593928A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-02 北京蒙京石墨新材料科技研究院有限公司 Lithium ion capacitor and pre-lithium embedding method thereof
CN114243090A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 中国科学院电工研究所 Lithium pre-embedding device and method of lithium ion energy storage device
CN114823162A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-07-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Method for widening voltage range of lithium ion capacitor

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3848949A1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-14 Fundación Centro de Investigación Cooperativa de Energías Alternativas, CIC Energigune Fundazioa Metal ion capacitor based on hard carbon as negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon and sacrificial salt as the positive electrode
WO2021140149A1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-15 Fundación Centro De Investigación Cooperativa De Energías Alternativas Cic Energigune Fundazioa Metal ion capacitor based on hard carbon as negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon and sacrificial salt as the positive electrode
CN114930477A (en) * 2020-01-08 2022-08-19 可替代能源Cic研究合作中心基金会 Metal ion capacitor based on hard carbon as negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon and sacrificial salt as positive electrode
US12136515B2 (en) 2020-01-08 2024-11-05 Fundacion Centro De Investigacion Cooperativa De Energias Alternativas Cic Energigune Fundazioa Metal ion capacitor based on hard carbon as negative electrode and a mixture of activated carbon and sacrificial salt as the positive electrode
CN113593928A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-02 北京蒙京石墨新材料科技研究院有限公司 Lithium ion capacitor and pre-lithium embedding method thereof
CN114243090A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 中国科学院电工研究所 Lithium pre-embedding device and method of lithium ion energy storage device
CN114243090B (en) * 2021-12-17 2024-09-10 中国科学院电工研究所 Pre-lithium intercalation device and method for lithium ion energy storage device
CN114823162A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-07-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Method for widening voltage range of lithium ion capacitor
CN114823162B (en) * 2022-05-18 2024-06-14 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Method for widening voltage range of lithium ion capacitor

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Application publication date: 20190419