CN109642169A - 用于向下流动式加氢操作反应器的改进的混合装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述了用于向下流动式加氢操作反应器的改进的涡旋型混合装置。与现有技术装置相比,所述装置在混合两相体系的气相和液相方面提供已有的混合体积的改进的总体混合效率,同时降低穿过装置的压降。典型的加氢操作应用包括加氢处理、加氢精制、加氢裂化和加氢脱蜡。
Description
技术领域
公开了用于向下流动式加氢操作反应器的改进的涡旋型混合装置。这样的向下流动式加氢操作反应器用于石油和化学加工工业中,用于在升高的温度和压力在氢气存在下进行含烃原料的催化反应。合适的加氢操作应用包括加氢处理、加氢精制、加氢裂化和加氢脱蜡。
背景技术
在固定床加氢操作反应器中,气体和液体反应物(例如氢气和含烃原料)向下流动穿过固体催化剂的一个或更多个床(参见例如Penick的美国专利号4,597,854)。
随着反应物向下流动穿过反应器催化剂床,反应物接触催化剂材料并且反应以产生期望的产物。气体反应物如氢气被消耗并且通过催化反应产生热。在原料向下穿过反应器时控制原料的温度是重要的,以保证产物收率的数量和质量向着一种或多种目标产物最大化。
可以将冷的富含氢气的气体引入催化剂床之间以压制温度升高和补充通过反应消耗的氢气。为了保持反应器总体性能,反应器之内的流体的温度应当可能均匀并且液体和气体应当良好地混合,从而使性能最大化。差的床间流体混合可以以各种方式限制反应器操作。当床间混合不能够消除径向温度差异时,这些差异随着工艺流体在反应器中向下流动而保持或增长。在任意床中的热点可以导致该区域中的催化剂快速失活,这缩短了总反应器循环长度。产物选择性在高的温度时典型地较差。例如,热的区域可以引起颜色、粘度和其它产品质量不合规格。同样,如果在任意点处的温度超过某个值(典型地,800至850°F),则放热反应可能变得自动加速,导致失控事件,这可能损害催化剂、容器或下游设备。
由于这些危害,采用差的反应器内部硬件操作的精炼者必须牺牲收率和/或产量以避免差的床间流体混合的有害影响。通过在催化剂床之间混合和平衡反应物,校正任何温度和流动分布不均,和使压降最小化,可以使反应器温度分布不均和热点最小化。催化剂床之间的流体混合可以通过使用分配器组件和混合室来完成。由于目前精炼厂的经济性决定加氢操作单元的进料速度远远超过设计,因此最佳的床间流体混合是有价值的低成本的去瓶颈。
可以将分配器组件用于在多床催化剂反应器的床间区域中收集、混合和分配流体。分配器组件通常包括用于收集和混合流体和从塔顶催化剂床流出的气体的槽以及设置在所述槽之内的中心用于接收来自所述槽液体和进一步混合所述液体和气体的混合装置或室。
混合装置是许多分配器组件的关键零件,因为其提供流体/气体的有效和彻底的混合并且帮助避免热点和差的温度分布。
混合装置具有至少一个用于接收来自槽的液体的入口和至少一个用于引导流向下方的催化剂床的出口。混合装置的设计各不相同,包括挡板混合器设计,例如带式混合器以及盘式和环形混合器,其通过改变流体和气体的方向来促进混合。
另一类型的混合器为离心或涡旋型设计。该类型的混合器收集向下流动穿过反应器的液体和气体料流并且将它们引入圆形室中,在此处它们进行几次旋转,然后向下穿过位于中心的孔。
如果存在的话,混合装置通常位于反应器中的催化剂床之间的床间空间中。在许多反应器中的床间空间由于存在支承梁、管线和占据床间区域的其它障碍物而受到限制。由于这些空间约束,要求独特的硬件,如缩放适应可用空间的混合装置以有限的体积进行有效的两相混合。另外,较低高度的分配器组件可以以相同的反应器体积增加催化剂负载体积,因此改进反应器体积的利用。
各种类型的混合装置描述于许多专利中;参见例如美国专利公开号2014/0231308。本发明提供了相对于现有技术涡旋型混合装置,如美国专利号9,079,141和8,017,095中所描述的那些的某些改进。
由于充分的床间流体混合对于良好的催化剂寿命、高产量、长的循环长度和反应器总体性能的重要性,需要改进的混合装置。一直存在对具有减少的垂直占用空间和降低的穿过装置的压降,同时仍然允许改造安装在具有有限的床间空间的现有反应器中的混合装置的需求。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于向下流动式加氢操作反应器的涡旋型混合装置。所述混合装置提供在多床反应器中的催化剂床之间的空间中的流体的更有效的混合。与其它涡旋型混合装置相比,所述混合装置在混合两相体系的气相和液相方面提供已有的混合体积的有效混合,同时提供穿过混合装置的降低的压降。所述装置由于其相对小的尺寸而良好地适合于改造应用并且还可以针对新的反应器设计进行缩放,以在多床反应器的床间空间中实现有效的流体混合。与多床向下流动式反应器的另外的混合和分配零件,包括例如流动喷嘴结合,混合装置提供了液相和气相的有效混合以及将气相和液相混合在一起。
混合装置包括具有内表面的顶板和平行于顶板延伸的基板。基板具有内表面和基板孔。顶板和基板二者都具有限定每个板的外边缘的外周。多个向内指向的叶片垂直于顶板和基板的内表面延伸并且插入顶板和基板的内表面之间,使顶板和基板分开,从而在板之间存在内部区域以容纳叶片和反应流体。叶片从顶板和基板的外周朝向基板孔向内指向并且围绕从基板孔延伸至顶板和基板的外周的区域间隔开。混合装置包括混合区域,其通常从基板孔延伸至混合装置的入口区域,其中入口区域位于相邻叶片之间。与某些现有技术装置,例如美国专利号9,079,141相反,本发明的混合装置不包括从基板的内表面延伸的溢流堰环或从顶板的内表面延伸的泡罩。
本发明还涉及多床向下流动式催化反应器,其包括容纳在具有内表面的反应器壳体中的上部和下部催化剂床,插入上部和下部催化剂床之间的床间分配组件,所述床间分配组件包括根据本发明的混合装置。
附图说明
图1-7提供了根据本发明的混合装置的代表性视图。本发明的范围不受这些代表性附图限制并且将被理解为通过本申请的权利要求所限定。
图1是位于多床催化反应器之内的本发明的混合装置的实施方案的示意性视图。
图2是本发明的混合装置的横截面视图。
图3是本发明的混合装置26的一半的等距视图。
图4是混合装置的俯视图。
图4ALT是显示顶板中的可选的孔洞的本发明的混合装置的替代的俯视图。
图5是示出本发明的向内弯曲的叶片的布局的俯视图。
图6是显示根据本发明的开槽的立管的定位的收集板的等距视图。
图7是显示立管细节的收集板的一部分的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的涡旋型混合装置提供了超过本领域中已知的涡旋型混合装置的益处。这样的益处包括在反应器中的减少的垂直占用空间(由床间分配器组件占据的反应器体积方面减少)、高的产量、增强的混合、较低的压降和增强的总体反应器性能。具体的实施方案和益处由本文中提供的具体实施方式而是显而易见的。然而应当理解,具体实施方式、附图和任意具体实施例,在表明有益的实施方式(包括优选的一些)时,旨在仅为了说明的目的并且并不意在限制本发明的范围。
本发明涉及用于多床加氢操作反应器的涡旋型混合装置。多床向下流动式反应器10的一部分的横截面视图示于图1中。反应器10包括容器外壳12,含有包装的催化挤出物的上部和下部催化剂床(分别为14和16)。使每个催化剂床14、16支承在由全部为本领域中熟知的支承格栅、可选的间隔布和筛网组成的格栅筛网组件18(仅对催化剂床14示出)上。格栅筛网组件安装在平行的支承梁20上,将所述支承梁水平地安装至反应器容器内壁22并且向上延伸至催化剂床14中。
使床间分配组件24垂直地插入催化剂床14、16之间。床间分配组件24包括本发明的涡旋型混合装置26。混合装置26安装在催化剂床14下方并且与适于接收和混合从塔顶催化剂床向下流动的液体和气体的收集板28紧密地流体连通。骤冷气体入口管道30将骤冷气体(例如气体)分配至混合装置26上方的区域中。
图2是混合装置26的横截面视图,图3是混合装置26的一半,即区段26a的等距视图,和图4是混合装置26的俯视图。图4ALT显示了显示在顶板中并且围绕顶板分布的孔洞74的可选的孔洞的混合装置的替代的俯视图。
混合装置包括具有内表面32a并且与收集板28紧密地流体连接安装的基板32(图1),和具有相对于基板32基本上水平延伸的顶板内表面34a的顶板34。顶板可以替代性地含有孔洞74,所述孔洞在板中围绕混合装置的顶部分布,以允许气体进入,如图4ALT中所示。收集板28收集从上方催化剂床向下流动的流体。
多个交错的、向内指向的或更具体地向内弯曲的叶片36分别固定地连接至基板和顶板内表面32a和34a并且在基板和顶板内表面32a和34a之间垂直延伸。叶片36优选分别与基板和顶板内表面32a和34a紧密地流体连通。叶片的数量典型地为3-8个,优选4-6个。如图4和4ALT中所示,叶片的数量可以为6个,其中叶片围绕从基板的外周到基板孔46延伸的区域分布。叶片可以为直的或弯曲的并且优选为向内弯曲的(图4)。
如图4中所示,每个叶片具有靠近顶板34的外周固定的叶片外端38和靠近混合装置26的混合区域(在下文描述)定位的内端40。叶片36之间的开放空间限定一系列混合装置入口区域42,每个入口区域42被限定为通过相邻叶片36以及它们的各个内端和外端38和40所界定的区域。
收集板28包括通过边缘60限定的孔和延伸离开收集板28并且进入混合区域的靠近收集板孔60的立管62。立管62具有顶部边缘64并且位于混合区域之内。立管的高度典型地为顶板和基板之间地距离的25-75%。如图6中所示,收集板孔和立管可以为圆形的,其中将立管称为立管管道。立管典型地含有围绕立管的顶部边缘的外周间隔开的在顶部边缘中的槽58(图2和7)。收集板孔60各自具有直径60a(图2)。
在操作中,含烃液体进料从催化剂床14淋下,穿过格栅筛网组件18并且淋至环状收集板28上。与经由骤冷气体入口管道30引入的骤冷气体(例如氢气)混合的来自上部催化剂床14的气体填充收集在收集板28上的液体和催化剂床14之间的空隙。
液体和气体经由混合装置入口区域42进入混合装置26,其中叶片36在液体和气体进入混合装置26的混合区域时切向引导液体和气体而以弧形或圆形流动模式流动。液体和气体向上流动并且流过立管管道顶端64并且流入立管管道62中。气体和液体相互混合至一定程度并且向下流出立管管道62,典型地流至包含多个穿孔、下降管或喷嘴的托盘,然后流至下部催化剂床16上。立管62的内表面典型地包含穿孔的螺旋板,以进一步在立管62中在向下流动时改进气体/液体混合。
本文中描述的混合装置26意在用于设计来每天加工数千或数万桶(1桶=43加仑;164L)原料的大型加氢操作反应器中。典型地,在构造时,混合装置26可以具有若干英尺的直径,并且因为用于构造装置26的材料(例如1/4"–1/2"板钢)可以具有几百磅(lbs)的重量。
本发明的混合装置26可以按位置通过焊接或以其它方式将单独的零件固定在一起来构造,以实现成品装置26的构造。使用该方法按位置构造装置26可能需要几天,延迟反应器单元的操作。在其中要将装置26用于升级或改造现有反应器的设计的情况下,希望减少占据反应器容器之内的位置的组件的量(由于安全性考虑,如可能点燃保留在反应器中的残余的烃材料)。
为了减少构造新的反应器或改造现有反应器所需要的时间,优选预先组装混合装置26的部分,以形成子组件,并且将子组件插入反应器中以及组装,以形成制成的混合装置26。
在图2、3和4中所示的一个实施方案中,由各自代表混合装置26的一半的两个混合装置子组件26a、26b形成混合装置26。每个子组件26a、26b分别提供有一个或更多个吊耳66和68。提供吊耳66、68用于将每个子组件26a、26b连接至能够将子组件降低至反应器中并且操纵子组件就位的卷扬、提升或其它装置。
每个子组件26a、26b分别提供有配合法兰70和72,其包含多个开孔,可以穿过所述开孔插入螺母/螺栓组合(或这样的其它适当的固定装置),以在操作期间将子组件26a、26b保持就位,在操作时间之间在维护期间可以拆卸26a、26b,以允许进入混合装置26上方和下方的区域。可以通过将基板32中的周边槽与收集板76上的连接点对准而将混合装置26连接至收集板。
向内弯曲的叶片36的放置如图5中所示。示出了如本领域技术人员使用的工艺液压计算所规定的代表混合装置26的外直径的圆R1连同同样工艺液压计算所规定的代表混合装置入口区域42的内直径的圆R3。圆R2位于R1和R3之间的径向距离的一半。
图5的角度“A”表示叶片的外端与相邻叶片的内端的角度偏移,这导致叶片内端40与相邻叶片外端38的大部分的径向“重叠”(参见图4)。虽然不必限制至具体的值,但是合适的角度A值可以对于4叶片系统为15°,对于6叶片系统为10°和对于8叶片系统为8°。角度“B”表示叶片36在R1和R3之间的区域之内占据的径向距离。角度B的代表性非限制性值为360°/(叶片数量)。在角度“A”处,叶片36的内表面与R1相交。在角度“A”和“B”之和(A+B)的角度处,叶片36的内表面与R3相交。在等于A+B/2的角度处,叶片36的内表面与R2相交。
可以改变在重叠区域处的相邻叶片之间的距离“D”(即图5中的距离R1–R3),以限定入口区域42(图4和5)。在本发明的一个方面,距离“D”大于现有技术涡旋型混合装置(具体地如美国专利号9,079,141所描述)。优选地,“D”至少约5%,更优选至少约10%大于这样的现有技术装置。
本发明的实施方案的前述描述主要出于说明性目的,应认识到可以使用仍然会引入本发明的本质的许多变型。在确定本发明的范围方面应当参考以下权利要求。
Claims (14)
1.用于多床向下流动式催化反应器的混合装置,所述混合装置包括:
a.具有内表面和外周的顶板;
b.平行于所述顶板延伸的基板,所述基板具有内表面、外周和基板孔,其中使所述顶板和基板分开一定距离,以限定所述混合装置的内部区域;
c.多个向内指向的叶片,其容纳在所述混合装置的内部区域之内,垂直于所述顶板和基板的内表面延伸并且插入所述顶板和基板的内表面之间,其中所述叶片从所述顶板和基板的外周朝向所述基板孔向内指向,并且围绕从所述基板孔延伸至所述顶板和基板的外周的区域间隔开;和
d.混合区域;
其中,所述混合装置不包括从所述基板的内表面延伸的溢流堰环或从所述顶板的内表面延伸的泡罩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合装置,其中所述基板孔是圆形的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合装置,其中所述叶片是直的或弯曲的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合装置,其中所述叶片是向内弯曲的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合装置,其中每个叶片包括靠近所述顶板的外周的外端和靠近所述混合区域的内端,所述混合装置另外包括多个入口区域,所述入口区域限定为通过相邻叶片和各个叶片的对应内端和外端界定的区域。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合装置,其中将所述混合区域限定为所述顶板和基板之间的区域,排除限定所述入口区域的区域。
7.根据权利要求5所述的混合装置,其中每个叶片的内端径向地与相邻叶片的外端重叠。
8.多床向下流动式催化反应器,其包括:
容纳在具有内表面的反应器壳体中的上部和下部催化剂床;
插入所述上部和下部催化剂床之间的床间分配组件;
所述床间分配组件包括固定在上方并且与收集板紧密地流体连通的根据权利要求1所述的混合装置,所述收集板具有收集板孔和从靠近所述收集板孔的所述收集板延伸的立管,其中所述立管延伸穿过所述基板孔并且延伸至所述混合装置的混合区域中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的反应器,其中所述基板孔、所述收集板孔和所述立管各自是圆形的,所述基板孔直径大于所述立管直径。
10.根据权利要求8所述的反应器,其中所述叶片是直的或弯曲的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的反应器,其中所述叶片是向内弯曲的。
12.根据权利要求8所述的反应器,其中所述混合装置的每个叶片包括靠近所述顶板的外周的外端和靠近所述混合区域的内端,所述混合装置另外包括多个入口区域,所述入口区域限定为通过相邻叶片和各个叶片的对应内端和外端界定的区域。
13.根据权利要求12所述的反应器,其中将所述混合装置混合区域限定为所述顶板和基板之间的区域,排除限定所述入口区域的区域。
14.根据权利要求12所述的反应器,其中每个叶片的内端径向地与相邻叶片的外端重叠。
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