CN109612608B - Installation method of strain bridge for rotating shaft and underwater impeller excitation force measuring platform - Google Patents
Installation method of strain bridge for rotating shaft and underwater impeller excitation force measuring platform Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for mounting a strain bridge for a rotating shaft and an excitation force measuring platform of an underwater impeller, belonging to the field of test platforms. The underwater impeller exciting force measuring platform corresponding to the installation method comprises three strain bridges on a rotary driving shaft for driving an impeller to rotate; the installation method comprises the following steps: (1) three strain bridges are arranged at preset positions of the rotary driving shaft; (2) whether the position sticking of the strain gauges in the three strain bridges is qualified or not is evaluated; (3) after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified through evaluation, the average value of the proportional coefficients obtained twice in the same direction is used as the proportional coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction. The method is simple and can be widely applied to the testing field of water pump impellers and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mounting method of a test platform, in particular to a mounting method of a strain bridge for a rotating shaft and a mounting method of an underwater impeller excitation force measuring platform.
Background
In equipment such as a propeller, a water pump and the like which use an impeller as a main execution component, dynamic unbalance and coupling effect between the impeller and fluid exist in the operation process of the impeller, so that the impeller is stressed abnormally and complicated, vibration and noise are easily caused to reduce the efficiency, and the stability of the equipment is easily influenced. Therefore, in the process of designing the impeller, not only the fluid dynamics simulation needs to be performed, but also the simulation test needs to be performed on the exciting force of the impeller in the actual working environment.
Of course, the axial component can be measured by using a canned motor pump axial thrust measuring device disclosed in patent document No. CN 201302499Y. If the radial component and the axial component of the strain bridge are to be measured synchronously in real time, the excitation force of the impeller is finally transmitted to the rotating shaft for measurement, and the radial component and the axial component of the excitation force are measured by three strain bridges, but the mounting precision of the strain bridges can greatly influence the final measurement precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an installation method of an underwater impeller exciting force measuring platform, so that the measuring result is more accurate;
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for mounting a strain bridge for a rotating shaft, so that the monitoring result is more accurate.
In order to achieve the main purpose, the underwater impeller excitation force measuring platform corresponding to the installation method provided by the invention comprises a rotary driving shaft for driving an impeller to rotate, and a first strain bridge, a second strain bridge and a third strain bridge which are arranged on the rotary driving shaft and used for monitoring components of the excitation force corresponding to a first radial direction, a second radial direction and an axial direction; the installation method comprises the following steps:
a layout step, wherein three strain bridges are laid at preset positions of a rotary driving shaft;
the method comprises the steps of evaluating, namely applying a group of unidirectional forces with different sizes to a rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response of a strain bridge corresponding to the unidirectional forces, arranging the unidirectional forces only along a first radial direction, a second radial direction or an axial direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate for 180 degrees and collecting the unidirectional forces once, and performing linear fitting to obtain a proportionality coefficient between the strain response and the unidirectional forces, wherein when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficient is smaller than a preset value, the position corresponding to the strain bridge is qualified;
and a calibration step, namely, after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified through evaluation, taking the average value of the proportional coefficients obtained twice in the same direction as the proportional coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction.
The method is simple, and can calibrate the proportional coefficient of the strain response of the strain bridge and the force component in the direction in the subsequent measurement process, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the monitoring process.
The specific scheme is that the steps of when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficients is smaller than a preset value are as follows: i K1-K2I/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or I K1-K2I/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, K1 is a proportional coefficient fitted by first-time acquired data, and K2 is a proportional coefficient fitted by second-time acquired data. Setting the preset threshold value of the rate of change to 1% can effectively ensure accuracy.
The other specific scheme is that the first strain bridge and the second strain bridge are in a half-bridge structure, and the third strain bridge is in a full-bridge structure; two strain gages of the three strain bridges are arranged in a central symmetry with respect to a central axis of the rotary drive shaft.
Another specific solution is that the step of evaluating the strain bridge for monitoring the radial exciting force component comprises: (1) arranging the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft along the horizontal direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate to one of the first radial direction and the second radial direction to be arranged along the vertical direction, sequentially suspending a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass on the impeller mounting position of the rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response output by a corresponding strain bridge, representing the radial component on one by the weight of the weight, and obtaining the proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the radial component through linear fitting; (2) arranging the rotary driving shaft axially along the horizontal direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate 180 degrees until the rotary driving shaft is arranged along the reverse direction, sequentially suspending the weights used in the step (1) on the installation positions of the impellers, collecting the strain response output by the strain bridge corresponding to one weight, representing the radial component force on the other weight by the weight of the weight, and obtaining the proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the radial component force through linear fitting. The force is simulated in the radial component by the weight, and the method is simple and convenient to realize in a laboratory.
In another embodiment, the step of evaluating a strain bridge for monitoring an exciting force component in an axial direction includes: (1) the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft is arranged along the vertical direction, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are sequentially hung at the other end of the rope through the matching of a pulley positioned right above the end part of the shaft and the rope, so that axial tensile force is formed on the rotary driving shaft, the strain response output by a third strain bridge is collected, the axial component is represented by the weight of the weight, and the proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the axial component is obtained through linear fitting; (2) the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft is arranged along the vertical direction, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are hung on the shaft end part in sequence, so that axial compression force is formed on the rotary driving shaft, strain response output by the third strain bridge is collected, the axial component is represented by the weight of the weights, and a proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the axial component is obtained through linear fitting. The force is simulated in the radial component by the weight, and the method is simple and convenient to realize in a laboratory.
The preferable scheme is that the first radial direction is orthogonal to the second radial direction; the first strain gauge, the third strain gauge and the two fixed resistors are electrically connected to form a first strain bridge in half-bridge arrangement; the second strain gauge, the fourth strain gauge and the two fixed resistors are electrically connected to form a second strain bridge in half-bridge arrangement; the fifth strain gauge and the sixth strain gauge are electrically connected with the two fixed resistors to form a third strain bridge in full-bridge arrangement; the first strain gauge to the fourth strain gauge are sequentially arranged around the central axis of the rotary driving shaft at an equal circle center included angle and on the cross section of a common shaft, and the fifth strain gauge and the sixth strain gauge are correspondingly positioned on the front rear side of the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge departing from the impeller mounting position.
Another preferred solution is that the step of laying comprises: (1) arranging a test water tank and data acquisition equipment beside a rack for mounting a rotary driving shaft, arranging a rotary driving motor for driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate on the rack, and arranging an angle sensor for acquiring corner data of the rotary driving shaft; the front end part of the rotary driving shaft penetrates through a rotating shaft mounting hole formed in the wall of the test water tank and is rotatably and watertight connected with the rotary driving shaft, so that the rotary driving shaft is divided into an outer tank shaft part, a mounting shaft part, an inner tank shaft part and a shaft end part which is positioned in the test water tank and used for mounting an impeller to be tested, the outer tank shaft part, the mounting shaft part and the inner tank shaft part are sequentially arranged, and a strain bridge is arranged on the inner tank shaft part; (2) and a signal transmission route for transmitting strain response is set up between the three strain bridges and the data acquisition equipment.
The more preferable scheme is that the signal transmission line comprises a signal transmission line and a conductive slip ring, wherein at least part of the line segment is embedded in the mounting shaft part in a watertight manner and penetrates through the mounting hole of the rotating shaft, and the conductive slip ring is sleeved on the outer shaft part of the box; the strain bridge outputs strain response to a moving ring of the conductive slip ring through a signal transmission line; and a static ring of the conductive slip ring outputs signals to the acquisition equipment through a signal line.
The further proposal is that the mounting shaft part is provided with a wire groove which is arranged along the axial direction of the mounting shaft part and extends to the shaft part in the box, and the signal transmission line is embedded in the wire groove and is sealed by glue water; or the rotary driving shaft is a hollow shaft, and the end part of the shaft is a sealed end part; the signal transmission line sequentially passes through a wire inlet hole arranged on the inner shaft part of the box, an inner shaft hole cavity and a wire outlet hole arranged on the outer shaft part of the box; the signal transmission line is fixedly connected with the wire inlet hole in a watertight way.
In order to achieve the other purpose, the invention provides a method for installing a strain bridge for a rotating shaft, which comprises a first strain bridge, a second strain bridge and a third strain bridge which are arranged on a rotating driving shaft and used for monitoring components of the rotating shaft stressed in a first radial direction, a second radial direction and an axial direction during the rotation process; the installation method comprises the following steps:
a layout step, wherein three strain bridges are laid at preset positions of a rotary driving shaft;
the method comprises the steps of evaluating, namely applying a group of unidirectional forces with different sizes to a rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response of a strain bridge corresponding to the unidirectional forces, arranging the unidirectional forces only along a first radial direction, a second radial direction or an axial direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate for 180 degrees and collecting the unidirectional forces once, and performing linear fitting to obtain a proportionality coefficient between the strain response and the unidirectional forces, wherein when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficient is smaller than a preset value, the position corresponding to the strain bridge is qualified;
and a calibration step, namely, after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified through evaluation, taking the average value of the proportional coefficients obtained twice in the same direction as the proportional coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction.
The specific scheme is that the steps of the method for obtaining the proportional coefficient with the change rate smaller than the preset value are as follows: i K1-K2I/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or I K1-K2I/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, K1 is a proportional coefficient fitted by first-time acquired data, and K2 is a proportional coefficient fitted by second-time acquired data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a test platform in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the test platform in the state of the test water tank being a cross-sectional view according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of the test platform in embodiment 1 of the present invention, with a partially exploded structure;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is an exploded view of the rotary drive shaft, the impeller to be tested, the signal transmission lead and the strain gauge in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the attaching positions of six strain gauges on the cross section in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the attaching positions of six strain gauges on one axial side in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the attaching positions of six strain gauges on the other axial side in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a circuit configuration diagram of a first strain bridge and a second strain bridge in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram of a third strain bridge in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the directions of the radial components of the exciting forces in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, (a) the view shows that the radial components are located in the first quadrant, (b) the view shows that the radial components are located in the second quadrant, (c) the view shows that the radial components are located in the third quadrant, and (d) the view shows that the radial components are located in the first four quadrants;
FIG. 14 is a flowchart in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the signal transmission lines of six strain gauges on the rotary drive shaft in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the present invention will be described by taking as an example a method of installing a measuring platform 1 for measuring an excitation force of an underwater impeller shown in fig. 1 to 7, the measuring platform including a frame 10, an impeller driving system 2, a testing system, and a test water tank 11 disposed beside the frame 10, the test water tank 11 being loaded with water of a predetermined height to submerge the impeller and simulate a working environment of the impeller 01. A rotating shaft mounting hole 12 is arranged on one wall of the test water tank 11 adjacent to the rack 10.
The impeller driving system 2 comprises a rotary driving shaft 4 and a rotary driving motor 20, wherein a stator of the rotary driving motor 20 is fixed on the frame 10 through the matching between a bolt and a T-shaped groove 100 arranged on the frame 10, a rotor shaft 21 of the rotary driving motor is in transmission connection with the rear end part of the rotary driving shaft 4 through a coupling 22, and in the embodiment, the coupling 22 is a rigid coupling so that the rotary driving shaft 4 and the rotor shaft 21 can be in transmission at equal rotating speeds; the rotary drive motor 20 is a servo motor to improve the control capability and accuracy of the rotational speed of the rotary drive shaft 4.
After the front end part of the rotary driving shaft 4 passes through the rotating shaft mounting hole 12, a gap between the rotary driving shaft 4 and the rotating shaft mounting hole 12 is sealed by a shaft seal 13, so that the rotary driving shaft 4 and the rotating shaft mounting hole 12 are in rotatable watertight connection, and the rotary driving shaft 4 is divided into an outer box shaft part 40, an installation shaft part 41, an inner box shaft part 42 and a shaft end part 43 for installing the impeller 01 to be tested along the axial direction according to the position of each part on the shaft relative to the rotating shaft mounting hole 12; in this embodiment, the impeller 01 to be tested is detachably fixed on the shaft end 43 by the nut 14, so that the rotary driving motor 20 drives the impeller 01 submerged below the water surface to rotate at a preset rotation speed by rotating the driving shaft 4, and the mounting shaft portion 41 includes a partial shaft body sleeved in the rotating shaft mounting hole 12 and the shaft seal 13.
The test system comprises a test sensor, a signal transmission line and data acquisition equipment. The test sensor comprises a first strain gauge Y1, a second strain gauge Y2, a third strain gauge Y3, a fourth strain gauge Y4, a fifth strain gauge Y5 and a sixth strain gauge Y6 which are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the shaft part 42 in the box, and an angle sensor 37 for acquiring rotation angle data of the rotating drive shaft 4; in the present embodiment, the angle sensor 37 is an encoder integrated on the rear end portion of the stator of the rotation driving motor 20 to indirectly acquire rotation angle data of the rotation driving shaft 4 by monitoring the angle of the rotor shaft 21 to acquire the current position of the predetermined position on the rotation driving shaft 4 during the rotation and the rotation speed of the rotation shaft, and the encoder outputs an angle monitoring signal to the data acquisition device through a signal line. In the embodiment, the encoder is mainly used for radial force calibration before testing and rotation speed and angle measurement during testing.
As shown in fig. 6 to 10, for specific attaching positions of the first strain gauge Y1 to the sixth strain gauge Y6 on the box inner shaft portion 42, the first strain gauge Y1, the second strain gauge Y2, the third strain gauge Y3 and the fourth strain gauge Y4 are sequentially arranged around the central axis 420 of the box inner shaft portion 42 at equal circle center angles and on a common axis cross section, that is, the middle planes in the length direction of the four strain gauges are arranged in a coplanar manner, the central points of two adjacent strain gauges are equal to the central angle α formed by the central axis 420 and are both 90 degrees, and the attaching positions of two opposite strain gauges are arranged in a central symmetry manner with respect to the central axis 420; fifth strain gage Y5 and sixth strain gage Y6 are located on the respective directly rear sides of second strain gage Y2 and fourth strain gage Y4 facing away from shaft end 43, i.e., fifth strain gage Y5 is located coplanar with the mid-plane of second strain gage Y2 and is located axially along central axis 420, and sixth strain gage Y6 is located coplanar with the mid-plane of fourth strain gage Y4 and is located axially along central axis 420. In the present embodiment, the six strain gauges are all bonded to the inner shaft 42 with epoxy, but other glues may be used.
The signal transmission line comprises a signal transmission line 51 and a conductive slip ring 6 sleeved on the outer shaft part 40 of the box; four wire grooves 410 are arranged on the mounting shaft part 41 along the axial direction, one end of each wire groove extends to the inner shaft part 42 of the box, the other end of each wire groove extends to the outer shaft part 40 of the box, and the signal transmission line 51 is embedded in the wire groove 410, wherein the signal transmission lines of the second strain gauge Y2 and the fifth strain gauge Y5 share the same wire groove 410, the signal transmission lines of the fourth strain gauge Y4 and the sixth strain gauge Y6 share the same wire groove 410, and are sealed in a water-tight manner by glue, specifically, epoxy resin is used for sealing in a water-tight manner, and the surface of a rubber block formed by curing the glue is polished to be arranged on the surface which is approximately in a same circle with the surface of the rotary driving shaft 4, so that the water-tight sealing can. So that at least a part of the line segment of the signal transmission line 51 can be embedded in the mounting shaft portion 41 in a watertight manner so as to pass through the shaft mounting hole 12. For each strain gauge, its surface and its connection point to the signal transmission line 51 are insulated, for example, by applying a flexible insulating glue.
The six strain gauges output detection signals to a movable ring 60 of the conductive slip ring 6 through corresponding signal transmission lines 51 respectively, namely, one ends of the signal transmission lines 51 are electrically connected with signal output terminals of the strain gauges in a watertight manner, and the other ends of the signal transmission lines are electrically connected with corresponding input terminals on the movable ring 60; the stationary ring 61 of the conductive slip ring 6 is fixed to the frame 10 by the mounting brackets 62 and 63, and outputs a signal to the data acquisition device through the signal line 52, that is, the signal is transmitted through the signal line 52 having one end electrically connected to the output terminal of the stationary ring 61 and the other end electrically connected to the input terminal of the data acquisition device. The conductive slip ring 6 is also called a slip ring, and is a key component for solving radial force measurement in a rotating state, and the moving ring 60 and the stationary ring 61 are communicated through a wire through an electric brush. On the premise of avoiding the winding of the wire, the wire is connected with the rotating part and the upper sensor, so that the radial force measurement in the rotating state is similar to that in the static state. And a waterproof structure can be adopted between the moving ring and the static ring, so that the underwater test device is applied to underwater test working conditions. After the 6 strain gauges are firmly attached to the shaft surface, the signal transmission line 51 is adhered along the shaft surface in an S shape along the axial direction, and then is connected with a lead in a moving ring of the conductive slip ring 6. The data acquisition equipment can carry out data acquisition according to the corresponding strain bridge. Therefore, the communication connection between the on-axis sensor and the external relatively fixed data acquisition equipment during rotation is realized, the winding problem caused by the connection and rotation of direct wires is avoided, and particularly under the condition of high-speed rotation.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the first strain gage Y1 and the third strain gage Y3 are electrically connected to two fixed resistors R to form a first strain bridge 81 in a half-bridge arrangement, and are used for monitoring the radial component of the excitation force in the first radial direction; the second strain gauge Y2 and the fourth strain gauge Y4 are electrically connected with two fixed resistors R to form a second strain bridge 82 in half-bridge arrangement, and the second strain bridge 82 is used for monitoring the radial component force of the excitation force in the second radial direction; the fifth strain gage Y5 and the sixth strain gage Y6 are electrically connected with the two fixed resistors R to form a third strain bridge in full-bridge arrangement, and the third strain bridge is used for monitoring the axial component of the exciting force. As shown in fig. 13, the extending direction of the connecting line between the midpoints of the first strain gage Y1 and the third strain gage Y3 is a first radial direction, the extending direction of the connecting line between the midpoints of the second strain gage Y2 and the fourth strain gage Y4 is a second radial direction, and the direction in which the rotary drive shaft 4 is directed from the box outer shaft portion 40 thereof toward the shaft end portion 43 is an axial direction, and the three constitute a right-hand coordinate system, that is, in the present embodiment, the second radial direction is orthogonal to the first radial direction, so that four quadrants are defined in the structure shown in fig. 13.
The data acquisition equipment specifically comprises a dynamic strain gauge and a high-speed counter, the high-speed counter is used for realizing high-speed pulse sampling, so that strain response to the output of a strain bridge and high-speed sampling of the angle of a rotating shaft are correspondingly realized, and the matched test system software is used for realizing the display of the radial force magnitude and the radial force direction under each angle.
As shown in fig. 14, the mounting method includes a layout step S1, an evaluation step S2, and a calibration step S3.
The laying step S1 lays out the first strain bridge 81, the second strain bridge 82, and the third strain bridge 83 at predetermined positions of the rotary drive shaft 4.
Specifically, four wire grooves 410 are milled on the rotary drive shaft, and are substantially uniformly distributed around the central axis 420, and the mounting area is engraved at the attachment position of the six strain gauges, and then the six strain gauges are attached to the engraving position of the in-box shaft portion 42 of the rotary drive shaft 4 by using epoxy resin.
And an evaluation step S2, applying a group of unidirectional forces with different sizes to the rotary driving shaft 4, collecting the strain response of the strain bridge corresponding to the unidirectional forces, wherein the unidirectional forces are only arranged along the first radial direction, the second radial direction or the axial direction, driving the rotary driving shaft 4 to rotate 180 degrees and collect the strain response once, linearly fitting to obtain a proportionality coefficient between the strain response and the unidirectional forces, and when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficient is smaller than a preset value, pasting the strain bridge at the corresponding position to be qualified.
Specifically, two strain gauges in a strain bridge are used as a unified object, and whether the position pasting of the strain gauges is qualified or not is evaluated. The method comprises the following three steps:
1. and (3) evaluating whether the strain gauge position pasting in the first strain bridge 81 is qualified:
(1) the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft 4 is arranged along the horizontal direction, the rotary driving motor 20 is controlled to drive the rotary driving shaft 4 to rotate by utilizing angle data output by the encoder until the first radial direction is arranged along the vertical direction, namely, the rotary driving shaft is rotated to the position shown in fig. 8, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are sequentially hung on the shaft end part 43 and strain response output by the first strain bridge 81 is collected, the weight of the weight represents radial component force in the first radial direction, and a proportional amplification coefficient K1 between the strain response and the radial component force is obtained through linear fitting.
In this embodiment, the number of the weights is 10, and the weights are 1kg, 2kg, … … kg and 10kg respectively, i.e. the mass is increased by 1 kg. The suspension position for the weight is the impeller mounting position, in this embodiment the hub intermediate position of the impeller. The mass of the weight is checked based on the size and rigidity of the rotary drive shaft, and is not limited to the specific data in this embodiment.
(2) Arranging the rotary driving shaft 4 along the horizontal direction in the axial direction, controlling the rotary driving motor 20 to drive the rotary driving shaft 4 to rotate 180 degrees to arrange the rotary driving shaft 4 along the first radial direction along the reverse direction by utilizing angle data output by the encoder, sequentially suspending 10 weights used in the step (1) on the shaft end part 43 and collecting strain response output by the first strain bridge 81, representing radial component force in the first radial direction by weight of the weights, and obtaining a proportional amplification factor K2 between the strain response and the radial component force through linear fitting.
(3) If the absolute value of K1-K2/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or the absolute value of K1-K2/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, the positions of the two strain sheets on the first strain bridge are pasted to be qualified.
The weighing device is characterized in that weights with different weights are hung at the impeller end, a corresponding relation curve of a strain signal and the weight gravity is drawn by matching with a high-precision angle position signal of an encoder, the proportional coefficient of strain and force is determined by the slope of the curve, the precision of a sensor is calibrated, and whether a strain gauge is adhered in place or not is checked. The judgment threshold values of the K1 and K2 change rates can be set according to specific accuracy requirements, and are not limited to 1% in the embodiment. If the strain gauge of the strain bridge is judged to be unqualified in pasting, the position of the strain gauge is measured, so as to further judge unreasonable positions of the pasting position, such as the parallelism of the surfaces of the strain gauge and the strain gauge, and the distance between the outer surfaces of the strain gauge and the central axis 420.
2. And (3) evaluating whether the position pasting of the strain gauge in the second strain bridge 82 is qualified:
(1) the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft 4 is arranged along the horizontal direction, the rotary driving motor 20 is controlled to drive the rotary driving shaft 20 to rotate by utilizing angle data output by the encoder, the rotary driving shaft 20 is arranged along the vertical direction to the second radial direction, namely, the position shown in fig. 8 is rotated 90 degrees anticlockwise to obtain the position, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are sequentially hung on the shaft end part 43, the strain response output by the second strain bridge 82 is collected, the weight of the weight represents the radial component force in the second radial direction, and the proportional amplification coefficient K1 between the strain response and the radial component force is obtained through linear fitting.
In this embodiment, the number of the weights is 10, and the weights are 1kg, 2kg, … … kg and 10kg respectively, i.e. the mass is increased by 1 kg. The suspension position for the weight is the impeller mounting position, in this embodiment the hub intermediate position of the impeller. The mass of the weight is checked based on the size and rigidity of the rotary drive shaft, and is not limited to the specific data in this embodiment.
(2) Arranging the rotary driving shaft 4 axially along the horizontal direction, controlling the rotary driving motor 20 to drive the rotary driving shaft 4 to rotate 180 degrees to a second radial direction by utilizing angle data output by the encoder, arranging the rotary driving shaft 4 along the reverse direction, sequentially suspending the weights used in the step (1) on the shaft end part 43, collecting the strain response output by the second strain bridge, representing the radial component force in the second radial direction by weight of the weights, and obtaining a proportional amplification coefficient K2 between the strain response and the radial component force through linear fitting.
(3) If the absolute value of K1-K2/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or the absolute value of K1-K2/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, the position of the strain sheet on the second strain bridge is pasted to be qualified.
3. And (3) evaluating whether the position pasting of the strain gauge in the third strain bridge 83 is qualified:
(1) the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft 4 is arranged along the vertical direction, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are sequentially hung at the other end of the rope through the matching of the pulley positioned right above the shaft end part and the rope, so that axial tensile force is formed on the rotary driving shaft, the strain response output by the third strain bridge 83 is collected, the axial component is represented by the weight of the weight, and the proportional amplification factor Kz1 between the strain response and the axial component is obtained through linear fitting.
Specifically, a ring-shaped lug may be provided at a central position of the front end surface of the nut 14, so that one end of the rope is bound thereto, and the tensile force is arranged in the axial direction of the rotary drive shaft 4 as much as possible.
(2) The axial direction of the rotary driving shaft 4 is arranged along the vertical direction, a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass are sequentially hung on the shaft end part 43 so as to form axial compression force on the rotary driving shaft, the strain response output by the third strain bridge 83 is collected, the axial component is represented by the weight of the weight, and the proportional amplification factor Kz2 between the strain response and the axial component is obtained through linear fitting.
In particular, the valve can be configured so that the weight can be suspended on the rotating drive shaft 4 better and the pressure is arranged substantially axially, for example by forming a socket in the weight that matches the shape of the nut 14 so that the weight can be placed directly over the shaft end 43 and the pressure applied to it.
(3) If the absolute value of Kz1-Kz 2/Kz 1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or the absolute value of Kz1-Kz 2/Kz 2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, the positions of the two strain gages on the third strain bridge are pasted and qualified.
After the evaluation, the arrangement accuracy and the measurement accuracy of the strain gauge can be effectively ensured.
After the evaluation of the attachment positions of the six strain gauges is completed, the conductive slip ring is mounted on the outside shaft portion 40 of the rotary drive shaft 4, the shaft end portion 43 and the inside shaft portion 42 of the rotary drive shaft 4 are rotated into the test water tank through the rotating shaft mounting hole 12, the rotary drive shaft 4 and the rotor shaft of the rotary drive motor 20 are connected by the coupling 22, and the impeller 01 to be tested is mounted on the shaft end portion 43 of the rotary drive shaft 4.
And a calibration step S3, wherein after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified, the average value of the proportionality coefficients obtained twice in the same direction is used as the proportionality coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction.
After the assembly is completed, the impeller 01 to be tested is tested by using the measuring system, and the testing process is as follows:
in the testing process, based on the strain responses output by the first strain bridge 81 and the second strain bridge 82, calculating the radial component force corresponding to the strain bridge by using a comprehensive proportional amplification coefficient K, wherein the comprehensive proportional amplification coefficient K is an average value of K1 and K2, and K1 and K2 are values when the position sticking is qualified; and taking the resultant force of the radial component force in the first radial direction and the radial component force in the second radial direction as the radial component of the excitation force.
In the test process, based on the strain response output by the third strain bridge 83, calculating the axial component of the exciting force by using a comprehensive proportional amplification factor Kz, wherein the comprehensive proportional amplification factor Kz is the average value of Kz1 and Kz 2; kz1 and Kz2 are values when the position sticker is acceptable.
The measurement of the radial force generated by the impeller 01 is realized by uniformly distributing 4 strain gauges in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 13, wherein the radial force Fx component is measured by the second strain bridge 82 composed of the second strain gauge Y2 and the fourth strain gauge Y4, and the radial force Fy component is measured by the first strain bridge 81 composed of the first strain gauge Y1 and the third strain gauge Y3. Fx and Fy the radial force F and its phase angle can be determined. The radial force measurement strain bridge which is symmetrically arranged and positioned on the same transverse section has the functions of eliminating axial force and torque and performing temperature compensation, and meanwhile, the radial force response is multiplied by 2, so that the test precision and sensitivity are improved. For the axial force measurement generated by the impeller 01, the third strain bridge 83 measurement is composed of the fifth strain gauge Y5 and the sixth strain gauge Y6. The axial force is measured to the strain bridge, realizes eliminating bending moment and only keeps the action of axial force, and carries out 2 times of axial force response. The radial force angle in rotation is obtained by the phase angle and the encoder.
The first strain gage Y1 and the third strain gage Y3 were formed to be deformed by a radial force Fy, the axial center and the Y1 direction were formed to be positive Fy, the axial center and the third strain gage Y3 direction were formed to be negative Fy, the axial center and the fourth strain gage Y2 and the fourth strain gage Y4 were formed to be deformed by Fx, the axial center and the second strain gage Y2 direction were formed to be positive Fx, and the axial center and the fourth strain gage Y4 direction were formed to be negative Fx. The deformation amounts of the fifth strain gauge Y5 and the sixth strain gauge Y6 measured as axial forces Fz are set to the axial direction toward the impeller as positive Fz direction, and vice versa. The axis and the direction of the second strain gauge Y2 are taken as the relative 0 ° angular directions in the rotation and the rotation axis starting line. With the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction, the radial force resultant force F and the relative angle θ of the start line after rotation thereof are calculated as follows:
in the excitation force calculation method, the magnitude and the direction of a radial force component Fx, a radial force component Fy and an axial force Fz in the rotation process of a shafting can be determined, and the magnitude and the direction of a radial force resultant force can be further obtained by combining with the angle measurement of an encoder.
In this embodiment, the strain gauge is attached to the rotating shaft without other extra supports between the conductive slip ring and the impeller, and the strain gauge detects the weak strain of the shaft system, so as to measure the radial force and the axial force in the exciting force. The invention realizes the real-time measurement of the exciting force of the impeller of the hydraulic machine in a rotating state. The method has important guiding significance for hydraulic analysis and design of hydraulic machines such as pumps, fans, propellers and the like. High-precision dynamic measurement of the excitation force of the impeller in the rotation of the shaft system is realized.
Example 2
As an explanation of embodiment 2 of the present invention, only differences from embodiment 1 will be explained below.
Referring to fig. 15, the rotary driving shaft 4 is a hollow shaft, and the end of the shaft is a sealing end, and the sealing of the end of the shaft can be realized by the cooperation of a nut for fixing the impeller and a sealing ring; the signal transmission line 51 passes through the wire inlet hole 402 on the inner shaft part of the box, the inner hole cavity of the shaft and the wire outlet hole 401 on the outer shaft part of the box in sequence, and the gap between the signal transmission line 51 and the wire inlet hole 402 is filled with sealant so as to enable the two to be fixedly connected in a watertight way.
In the above embodiment, the installation method of the measurement platform is taken as an example to describe the present invention, and the installation method of the strain bridge for the rotating shaft is described in the above installation method of the measurement platform, which is not described herein again, that is, the method of arranging three strain bridges on the rotating drive shaft 4 is used to monitor the deformation or stress of the rotating shaft during the rotating process.
Claims (11)
1. The method for installing the underwater impeller excitation force measuring platform is characterized in that the measuring platform comprises a rotary driving shaft for driving an impeller to rotate, and a first strain bridge, a second strain bridge and a third strain bridge which are arranged on the rotary driving shaft and used for monitoring components of the excitation force corresponding to a first radial direction, a second radial direction and an axial direction; the installation method comprises the following steps:
a layout step of laying three strain bridges at predetermined positions of the rotary drive shaft;
an evaluation step, namely applying a group of unidirectional forces with different sizes to the rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response of the strain bridge corresponding to the unidirectional forces, wherein the unidirectional forces are only arranged along the first radial direction, the second radial direction or the axial direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate 180 degrees and collect the strain response once, linearly fitting to obtain a proportionality coefficient between the strain response and the unidirectional forces, and pasting the strain bridge at a corresponding position to be qualified when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficient is smaller than a preset value;
and a calibration step, namely, after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified through evaluation, taking the average value of the proportional coefficients obtained twice in the same direction as the proportional coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction.
2. The mounting method according to claim 1, wherein the step of, when the rate of change of the scale factor obtained before and after the step is smaller than a preset value:
i K1-K2I/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or I K1-K2I/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, K1 is a proportional coefficient fitted by first-time acquired data, and K2 is a proportional coefficient fitted by second-time acquired data.
3. The method of installation of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating a strain bridge for monitoring radial excitation force components comprises:
(1) arranging the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft along the horizontal direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate to one of the first radial direction and the second radial direction to be arranged along the vertical direction, sequentially suspending a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass on an impeller mounting position of the rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response output by the strain bridge corresponding to the one, representing the radial component on the one by weight of the weights, and obtaining a proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the radial component through linear fitting;
(2) arranging the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft along the horizontal direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate 180 degrees until the rotary driving shaft is arranged along the reverse direction, sequentially suspending the weights used in the step (1) on the impeller mounting positions, collecting the strain response output by the strain bridge corresponding to the rotary driving shaft, representing the radial component force on the rotary driving shaft by the weight of the weights, and obtaining the proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the radial component force through linear fitting.
4. The method of installation according to claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating a strain bridge for monitoring an exciting force component in an axial direction comprises:
(1) arranging the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft along the vertical direction, sequentially suspending a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass at the other end of the rope through the matching of a pulley positioned right above the shaft end part of the rotary driving shaft and the rope so as to form axial tensile force for the rotary driving shaft, collecting strain response output by the third strain bridge, representing the axial component by weight of the weight, and obtaining a proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the axial component through linear fitting;
(2) and arranging the axial direction of the rotary driving shaft along the vertical direction, sequentially suspending a plurality of weights with gradually increased mass on the end part of the shaft so as to form axial compression force on the rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response output by the third strain bridge, representing the axial component by the weight of the weight, and obtaining a proportional amplification coefficient between the strain response and the axial component through linear fitting.
5. The mounting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the first radial direction is orthogonal to the second radial direction;
the first strain gauge, the third strain gauge and the two fixed resistors are electrically connected to form the first strain bridge in half-bridge arrangement, and the second strain gauge, the fourth strain gauge and the two fixed resistors are electrically connected to form the second strain bridge in half-bridge arrangement; the fifth strain gauge and the sixth strain gauge are electrically connected with the two fixed resistors to form a third strain bridge in full-bridge arrangement;
the first strain gauge to the fourth strain gauge sequentially surround the central axis of the rotary driving shaft at an angle equal to the center of a circle and are arranged on the cross section of a common shaft, and the fifth strain gauge and the sixth strain gauge are correspondingly positioned on the right back side of the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge departing from the impeller mounting position.
6. The installation method of claim 5, wherein said step of laying comprises:
arranging a test water tank and data acquisition equipment beside a rack for mounting the rotary driving shaft, arranging a rotary driving motor for driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate on the rack, and arranging an angle sensor for acquiring corner data of the rotary driving shaft; the front end part of the rotary driving shaft penetrates through a rotating shaft mounting hole formed in the wall of the test water tank and is rotatably and watertight connected with the rotary driving shaft, so that the rotary driving shaft is divided into an outer tank shaft part, a mounting shaft part, an inner tank shaft part and a shaft end part which is positioned in the test water tank and used for mounting an impeller to be tested, the outer tank shaft part, the mounting shaft part, the inner tank shaft part and the shaft end part are sequentially arranged, and a strain bridge is arranged on the inner tank shaft part;
and building a signal transmission route for transmitting strain response between the three strain bridges and the data acquisition equipment.
7. The installation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step of laying comprises:
arranging a test water tank and data acquisition equipment beside a rack for mounting the rotary driving shaft, arranging a rotary driving motor for driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate on the rack, and arranging an angle sensor for acquiring corner data of the rotary driving shaft; the front end part of the rotary driving shaft penetrates through a rotating shaft mounting hole formed in the wall of the test water tank and is rotatably and watertight connected with the rotary driving shaft, so that the rotary driving shaft is divided into an outer tank shaft part, a mounting shaft part, an inner tank shaft part and a shaft end part which is positioned in the test water tank and used for mounting an impeller to be tested, the outer tank shaft part, the mounting shaft part, the inner tank shaft part and the shaft end part are sequentially arranged, and a strain bridge is arranged on the inner tank shaft part;
and building a signal transmission route for transmitting strain response between the three strain bridges and the data acquisition equipment.
8. The mounting method according to claim 7, wherein:
the signal transmission line comprises a signal transmission line and a conductive slip ring, wherein at least part of line segments are embedded in the mounting shaft part in a watertight manner and penetrate through the rotating shaft mounting hole, and the conductive slip ring is sleeved on the outer shaft part of the box; the strain bridge outputs strain response to a moving ring of the conductive slip ring through the signal transmission line; and the static ring of the conductive slip ring outputs signals to the acquisition equipment through a signal line.
9. The method of installation according to claim 8, wherein:
the mounting shaft part is provided with a wire groove which is axially arranged along the mounting shaft part and extends to the in-box shaft part, and the signal transmission line is embedded in the wire groove and is sealed by glue water; or the like, or, alternatively,
the rotary driving shaft is a hollow shaft, and the end part of the shaft is a sealed end part; the signal transmission line sequentially passes through a wire inlet hole, an inner shaft hole cavity and a wire outlet hole which are formed in the outer shaft part of the box; the signal transmission line is fixedly connected with the wire inlet hole in a watertight manner.
10. The method for mounting the strain bridge for the rotating shaft is characterized in that the strain bridge comprises a first strain bridge, a second strain bridge and a third strain bridge which are arranged on a rotating driving shaft and used for monitoring components of the rotating shaft, wherein the components correspond to the first radial direction, the second radial direction and the axial direction in the stress during the rotating process; the installation method comprises the following steps:
a layout step of laying three strain bridges at predetermined positions of the rotary drive shaft;
an evaluation step, namely applying a group of unidirectional forces with different sizes to the rotary driving shaft, collecting the strain response of the strain bridge corresponding to the unidirectional forces, wherein the unidirectional forces are only arranged along the first radial direction, the second radial direction or the axial direction, driving the rotary driving shaft to rotate 180 degrees and collect the strain response once, linearly fitting to obtain a proportionality coefficient between the strain response and the unidirectional forces, and pasting the strain bridge at a corresponding position to be qualified when the change rate of the obtained proportionality coefficient is smaller than a preset value;
and a calibration step, namely, after the pasting positions of the strain bridges corresponding to the three directions are qualified through evaluation, taking the average value of the proportional coefficients obtained twice in the same direction as the proportional coefficient of the exciting force component and the strain response in the direction.
11. The mounting method according to claim 10, wherein the step of, when the rate of change of the scale factor obtained before and after the step is smaller than a preset value:
i K1-K2I/K1 is less than or equal to 1 percent or I K1-K2I/K2 is less than or equal to 1 percent, K1 is a proportional coefficient fitted by first-time acquired data, and K2 is a proportional coefficient fitted by second-time acquired data.
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