CN109619605B - Red date vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device and method - Google Patents
Red date vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/06—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for washing or blanching, combined with subsequent drying
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural product processing, and relates to a method and equipment for peeling red dates without nutrient loss, in particular to a device and a method for peeling red dates by vacuum pulsation and infrared, wherein the method is used for drying and heating red dates in a vacuum environment, the surface of the skin of the red dates is rapidly heated under the action of short-time high temperature, so that the temperature of the skin layer of fruits and vegetables is rapidly increased, and water under the skin layer is vaporized, so that the pressure is suddenly increased; and the protopectin between the epidermis and the pulp is hydrolyzed to lose the gelatination, the connection between tissues is broken to separate the epidermis and the pulp, the epidermis is expanded and broken, and then the outer epidermis is rapidly peeled off under the action of high-speed cooling airflow. Compared with the hot alkali peeling method, the method has the advantages of high speed, no pollution and no wastewater. The device includes heating chamber, vacuum system, infrared heating system and control system, can effectively realize the intelligent regulation of the interior vacuum degree of heating chamber, realizes shelling fast of red date, and the red date surface after shelling does not have water stain moreover, and the surface is clean and tidy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical processing field of agricultural products, relates to a processing method and equipment for peeling red dates without nutrition loss, and particularly relates to a device and a method for peeling red dates without chemical treatment.
Background
The red dates are temperate zone crops, and have strong adaptability and wide planting range. The red jujube element is called as iron rod crops, has the characteristics of drought resistance and waterlogging resistance, and is a first choice for developing water-saving forest and fruit industry. Because of being rich in vitamin C and having the reputation of 'natural vitamin pill', the pill has the efficacies of strengthening the spleen and stomach, helping digestion, enriching the blood and the like.
Besides being eaten partially or dried, the red dates are also usually processed into jujube pulp as an industrial raw material. The jujube peel belongs to cutin crude fiber, the texture is hard, if the residual quantity of the jujube peel of the jujube is too high, the processed jujube pulp and jujube juice have bitter taste, and the taste requirement of consumers cannot be met.
Particularly, in the brewing process of the red date wine, the bitter taste is more prominent, and the market of part of red dates has not been opened all the time due to poor taste. Therefore, the problem of bitter taste in the production process of red date pulp, red date juice and red date wine is solved, the economic value of red date can be improved, the problem that farmers difficultly buy red date in the production process of red date producing areas is solved, market is developed, and economic benefit is increased. Research shows that bitter substances in the industrial processing process of the red dates mainly come from peels, and pulp has little influence on the bitter substances. Therefore, the introduction of jujube peel should be avoided as much as possible in the processing process of red jujubes, thereby effectively reducing the generation of bitter substances.
Currently, the peeling process of fruits and vegetables mainly comprises a thermal method and an alkaline solution method. The thermal method is mainly used for carrying out heat treatment on fruits and vegetables in the air through high-temperature steam or flame to destroy the connection part of peels and skin and meat, and further peeling is realized. However, the flesh and the peel of the fresh red dates are closely connected, and the fresh red dates are rich in Vc, reducing sugar, Polyphenol Oxidase (POD), peroxidase (PPO) and the like. If the pulp is contacted with air in the later heat processing process, browning reaction is easy to occur, the color of the pulp is changed into brown, and the nutritional quality of the pulp is reduced.
The lye method is most commonly used in the current production, and the hot water containing lye is mainly used for blanching the fruits and vegetables. Has the advantages of simple operation, low equipment investment, high feasibility and the like, and is widely applied to the food industry. However, the energy consumption of the method is high, and the energy consumption can account for one third of the total energy consumption of fruit and vegetable processing. And the contents of chlorophyll, vitamins and the like in the fruits and vegetables are obviously reduced under the action of heat and dissolution, so that the loss of nutrient components is caused, and the product quality is deteriorated. In addition, a large amount of discharged wastewater easily causes a series of environmental problems such as water eutrophication and the like. After the fruit and vegetable crisp chips are blanched and peeled by hot water or steam, the surface moisture of the fruit and vegetable crisp chips is usually removed by cooling and centrifugation, and then the fruit and vegetable crisp chips are processed in the next step. This not only lengthens the processing technology, but also increases the equipment investment and the floor area. Causes peeling and disjointing in the later processing process, and easily causes the problems of poor flavor and quality and the like. The mechanical peeling method has the defects that the sticky pulp is more due to factors such as high equipment investment, complex operation and the like, and a large-scale peeling machine is not used for peeling red dates.
Therefore, the red date peeling processing technology which has the advantages of good peeling effect, high peeling speed, good product quality, energy conservation and environmental protection is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device and a vacuum pulsation infrared peeling method which are high in efficiency, convenient to use and beneficial to quickly and effectively removing red date peels.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device comprises a vacuum system, an infrared heating system and a control system; the vacuum system comprises a vacuum drying chamber and a vacuumizing device, the infrared heating system comprises an airflow device, a heating device and a bearing table, and the control system comprises a control box and a sensor.
The vacuum-pumping device comprises: the vacuum drying device comprises a vacuum tank, a vacuum pump and a condensing unit, wherein one side of a vacuum drying chamber is communicated with the vacuum tank through a vacuum electromagnetic valve, the vacuum tank is sequentially connected with the vacuum pump and the condensing unit, and a pressure sensor is connected between the vacuum tank and the vacuum pump.
The airflow device comprises: the air breaking electromagnetic valve, the vent pipeline and the gas jet nozzle; the plummer includes: the tray is positioned in the center of the vacuum drying chamber, the peeled objects are flatly laid on the tray in a single layer mode, and the motor can drive the tray to rotate uniformly; the heating device includes: the infrared heater is uniformly distributed above and below the tray, the distance between the tray and the infrared heater above is 30-100 mm, and the distance between the tray and the infrared heater below is 10-80 mm.
The control system further comprises a touch screen, and the control box is further connected with the air breaking electromagnetic valve, the infrared heater, the vacuum electromagnetic valve, the vacuum pump, the condensing unit, the pressure sensor and the motor respectively.
The touch screen can collect the values of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and control the operation of the air breaking electromagnetic valve, the vacuum pump, the condensing unit and the motor through the single chip output module.
A method for peeling red dates in a vacuum pulsation infrared mode comprises the following steps:
a) cleaning fresh red dates with uniform size, airing at room temperature, and uniformly placing on a tray in a single layer manner. Closing the cabin door, wherein the vacuum drying chamber is in a normal pressure state at the moment, and the normal pressure state is the local actual atmospheric pressure; the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve and the vacuum electromagnetic valve are in a closed state, and the vacuum drying chamber is completely sealed.
b) Starting the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device, and respectively setting infrared peeling heating time, infrared peeling heating temperature, rotating speed of a motor and vacuum degree of a vacuum tank on a touch screen; vacuum pulse peeling times; vacuum infrared drying time and vacuum infrared drying temperature;
wherein the infrared peeling heating time is 3-5 min, the infrared peeling heating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the rotation speed of a motor is 3-6 r/min, the vacuum degree of a vacuum tank 9 is 0-8 kPa, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency is 1-5 times; the vacuum infrared drying time is 5-20 min, and the vacuum infrared drying temperature is 60-80 ℃;
c) after a start button is clicked, the infrared heater and the motor are started simultaneously, the touch screen dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater according to the set infrared peeling and heating temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor, and the red dates are subjected to infrared heating; the touch screen controls the rotation speed of the motor according to the set rotation speed so as to control the rotation speed of the tray; the touch screen controls the starting/stopping of the vacuum pump and the condensing unit according to the set vacuum degree, when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank reaches a set value, the vacuum pump and the condensing unit stop working, and when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is lower than the set value, the vacuum pump and the condensing unit start working.
d) When the infrared peeling heating time is over, the infrared heater stops working, and the motor still rotates.
At the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is opened, the pressure of the drying chamber is rapidly reduced under the action of the vacuum tank, the pressure of the drying chamber is reduced to be stable from the beginning, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min. When the pressure of the drying chamber is stable, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve is opened, the drying chamber is in a vacuum state at the moment, pressure difference exists between the drying chamber and external cold air of the drying chamber, the external cold air can enter the drying chamber along the ventilation pipeline under the action of the pressure difference, and high-speed airflow is formed under the action of the gas jet nozzle to impact the surface of the red dates; when the pressure of the drying chamber can be quickly increased to the external atmospheric pressure and is stable, the air breaking electromagnetic valve is closed; the pressure of the drying chamber is increased to be stable from the beginning, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min.
At the moment, a complete vacuum pulse peeling process is completed, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency set by the touch screen is reduced by one time; the pressure lifting process is circularly repeated until the vacuum pulsation peeling frequency is reduced to 0.
e) When the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling frequency is 0, the vacuum electromagnetic valve and the infrared heater are opened again; at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the vacuum drying chamber is in a vacuum state again, and the surface moisture of the peeled red dates is quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation; the touch screen dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater according to the vacuum infrared drying temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor, and carries out infrared heating on the red dates; when the set vacuum infrared drying time is reached, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve is opened, the external cold air flow can enter the box body again to impact and cool the surface of the peeled red dates, and when the pressure of the drying chamber is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the air breaking electromagnetic valve is closed. The whole vacuum pulsation infrared peeling process is completed.
f) And (5) ending heating, closing the control system, opening the drying chamber and taking out the red dates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling method for red dates, infrared rays are rapidly heated in an infrared mode, and pulp cannot be greatly damaged;
2) according to the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device, under the pulsation change of the pressure in the drying chamber, the pressure in the vacuum drying chamber is quickly reduced, so that high-temperature moisture at the skin-meat joint is instantly converted into water vapor, and the moisture under the skin layer is vaporized to cause pressure surge; thus destroying the connection between the epidermis and the pulp, the epidermis can also expand and break, and then the outer epidermis is rapidly peeled off under the action of high-speed cooling airflow;
3) the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device provided by the invention can effectively shorten a peeling processing process, reduce equipment investment and floor area, avoid wastewater parameters, and ensure that the surface layer of peeled red dates has no water stain, thereby being beneficial to the later processing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device for red dates of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a control box; 2. breaking an empty electromagnetic valve; 3. an air duct; 4. an infrared heater; 5. a vacuum drying chamber; 6. red dates; 7. a gas jet nozzle; 8. a vacuum solenoid valve; 9. a vacuum tank; 10. a vacuum pump; 11. a condensing unit; 12. a pressure sensor; 13. a motor; 14. a tray; 15. a temperature sensor; 16. a touch screen.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The red date vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device just makes up the defects of the technical method, and the technology is divided into three links of infrared heating, vacuum pulsation peeling and vacuum infrared drying. In the vacuum heating link, firstly, the red dates are uniformly heated in a vacuum drying chamber by adopting a ceramic infrared technology, and the penetration depth of infrared radiation is usually less than 2mm, so that the junction of the jujube peel and the peel and pulp can be quickly heated without damaging the inner pulp. In the vacuum pulse peeling link, when the temperature reaches a certain value, the pressure in the vacuum drying chamber is quickly reduced, so that the high-temperature moisture at the skin-meat joint is instantly converted into steam. The vaporization of subcortical water, which causes a sudden pressure increase; thus breaking the connection between the epidermis and the flesh, and the epidermis is also expanded and broken; then the outer skin is rapidly peeled off under the action of high-speed cooling air flow. In the vacuum drying step, the moisture content of the surface of the peeled red dates is too high, which is not beneficial to the later processing. Therefore, the peeled red dates are subjected to infrared heating and vacuumization again, the water boiling point in a vacuum state is low, and the surface water can be removed through vacuum infrared drying treatment in a short time, but the red date pulp cannot be greatly influenced. The device and the technology can complete the red date peeling process in one step, improve the quality of peeled red date products and reduce the production cost. The processing time, equipment investment and occupied area of the red dates are greatly reduced, the quality of products is effectively improved, and the method is a novel processing technology with great potential.
The invention relates to a vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device which is used for peeling red dates.
As shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device of the present invention comprises a vacuum system, an infrared heating system, and a control system; wherein,
the vacuum system comprises a vacuum drying chamber 5, a vacuum tank 9, a vacuum pump 10 and a condensing unit 11. One side of the vacuum drying chamber 5 is communicated with a vacuum tank 9 through a vacuum electromagnetic valve 8, the vacuum tank 9 is sequentially connected with a vacuum pump 10 and a condensing unit 11, and a pressure sensor 12 is connected between the vacuum tank 9 and the vacuum pump 10. The vacuum pump 10 is a water ring vacuum pump, the power of the condensing unit 11 is matched with that of the vacuum pump unit 10, and the operation of the vacuum pump unit 10 can be effectively maintained.
The infrared heating system comprises an air breaking electromagnetic valve 2, an air duct 3, an infrared heater 4, a gas jet nozzle 7, a motor 13 and a tray 14; the motor 13 is fixed at the bottom of the vacuum drying chamber 5 and is connected with the tray 14 through a support rod, the tray 14 is positioned in the center of the vacuum drying chamber 5, and the motor 13 can drive the tray 14 to rotate uniformly; the red dates are uniformly distributed above and below the tray 14, the distance between the tray 14 and the infrared heater above is 30-100 mm, the distance between the tray 14 and the infrared heater below is 10-80 mm, and the red dates 6 are flatly laid on the tray 14 in a single layer mode.
Wherein the upper infrared heater 4 and the gas jet nozzle 7 are staggered on the same plane; the gas jet 7 nozzle is connected with vent pipe 3, and vent pipe 3 is connected with rupture of air solenoid valve 2, and when rupture of air solenoid valve 2 was opened, vacuum drying chamber 5 can communicate with the outside air, and when rupture of air solenoid valve 2 was opened, vacuum drying chamber 5 was sealed well.
The control system comprises a control box 1, a temperature sensor 15, a touch screen 16, an air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 and a vacuum electromagnetic valve 13, and preferably, the control box 1 is further connected with the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2, an infrared heater 4, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8, a vacuum pump 10, a condensing unit 11 and a motor 13 respectively.
The temperature sensor 15 is located about 3-8 mm above the red dates 6, the touch screen 16 can acquire the values of the pressure sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 15, and the operation of the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8, the vacuum pump 10, the condensing unit 11 and the motor 13 is controlled through the single chip microcomputer output module.
A method for peeling red dates in a vacuum pulsation infrared mode comprises the following steps:
a) fresh red dates 6 of uniform size were cleaned and air dried at room temperature and placed uniformly in a single layer on the tray 14. Closing the cabin door, wherein the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a normal pressure state, and the normal pressure state is the local actual atmospheric pressure; the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 and the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 are in a closed state, and the vacuum drying chamber 5 is completely sealed.
b) Starting the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device, and respectively setting infrared peeling heating time, infrared peeling heating temperature, rotating speed of the motor 13 and vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 on the touch screen 16; vacuum pulse peeling times; vacuum infrared drying time and vacuum infrared drying temperature;
wherein the infrared peeling heating time is 3-5 min, the infrared peeling heating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the rotation speed of the motor 13 is 3-6 r/min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is 0-8 kPa, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency is 1-5 times; the vacuum infrared drying time is 5-20 min, and the vacuum infrared drying temperature is 60-80 ℃;
c) after a start button is clicked, the infrared heater 4 and the motor 13 are started simultaneously, the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the set infrared peeling and heating temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and the red dates 6 are subjected to infrared heating; the touch screen 16 controls the rotation speed of the motor 13 according to the set rotation speed, and further controls the rotation speed of the tray 14; the touch screen 16 controls the starting/stopping of the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 according to the set vacuum degree, when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 reaches the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 stop working, and when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is lower than the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 start working.
d) When the infrared peeling heating time is over, the infrared heater 4 stops working, and the motor 13 still rotates.
At the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is in a closed state, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is rapidly reduced under the action of the vacuum tank 9, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is reduced to be stable from the pressure of the drying chamber 5, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min. When the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is stable, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state at the moment, pressure difference exists between the drying chamber and external cold air, the external cold air can be dried in the drying chamber 5 along the ventilation pipeline 3 under the action of the pressure difference, and high-speed airflow is formed under the action of the gas jet nozzle 7 to impact the surface of the red dates 6; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 can be quickly increased, and when the pressure is stable with the external atmospheric pressure, the air-breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is closed; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is increased to be stable, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min.
At the moment, a complete vacuum pulse peeling process is completed, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency set by the touch screen is reduced by one time; the pressure lifting process is circularly repeated until the vacuum pulsation peeling frequency is reduced to 0.
e) When the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling frequency is 0, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 and the infrared heater 4 are opened again; at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is in a closed state, the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state again, and the surface moisture of the peeled red dates 6 can be quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation; the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the vacuum infrared drying temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and carries out infrared heating on the red dates 6; when the set vacuum infrared drying time is reached, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the external cold air flow can enter the box body again, the surface of the peeled red dates is impacted and cooled, and when the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is closed. The whole vacuum pulsation infrared peeling process is completed.
f) And (5) ending heating, closing the control system, opening the drying chamber 5 and taking out the red dates 6.
Example 1
a) Fresh red dates 6 of uniform size were cleaned and air dried at room temperature and placed uniformly in a single layer on the tray 14. Closing the cabin door, wherein the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a normal pressure state, and the normal pressure state is the local actual atmospheric pressure; the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 and the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 are in a closed state, and the vacuum drying chamber 5 is completely sealed.
Wherein, the tray 14 is apart from the infrared heater interval 40mm of top, apart from the infrared heating board interval 30mm of below, and temperature sensor 15 is located 6 upper about 5mm departments of red date.
b) Starting the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device, and respectively setting infrared peeling heating time, infrared peeling heating temperature, rotating speed of the motor 13 and vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 on the touch screen 16; vacuum pulse peeling times; vacuum infrared drying time and vacuum infrared drying temperature;
wherein the infrared peeling heating time is set to be 3min, the infrared peeling heating temperature is 300 ℃, the rotating speed of the motor 13 is 4 r/min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is 5kPa, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency is 3 times; the vacuum infrared drying time is 15min, and the vacuum infrared drying temperature is 70 ℃;
c) after a start button is clicked, the infrared heater 4 and the motor 13 are started simultaneously, the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the set infrared peeling and heating temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and the red dates 6 are subjected to infrared heating; at this time, the surface temperature of the red dates rises to about 110 ℃, and the penetration depth of infrared radiation is usually less than 2mm, so that the junction of the date skin and the skin pulp can be rapidly heated without damaging the inner pulp.
The touch screen 16 controls the rotation speed of the motor 13 according to the set rotation speed, and further controls the rotation speed of the tray 14; the touch screen 16 controls the starting/stopping of the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 according to the set vacuum degree, when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 reaches the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 stop working, and when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is lower than the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 start working.
d) When the infrared peeling heating time is over, the infrared heater 4 stops working, and the motor 13 still rotates.
At the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is in a closed state, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is rapidly reduced under the action of the vacuum tank 9, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is reduced to be stable from the pressure of the drying chamber 5, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min. In the vacuum pulse peeling link, when the temperature reaches a certain value, the pressure in the vacuum drying chamber is quickly reduced, so that the high-temperature moisture at the skin-meat joint is instantly converted into steam. The vaporization of subcortical water, which causes a sudden pressure increase; thus breaking the connection between the epidermis and the flesh, and the epidermis is also expanded and broken;
when the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is stable, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state at the moment, pressure difference exists between the drying chamber and external cold air, the external cold air can be dried in the drying chamber 5 along the air duct 3 under the action of the pressure difference, high-speed air flow is formed under the action of the gas jet nozzle 7, the surface of the red dates 6 is impacted, and loose red date peels can be rapidly removed under the action of the high-speed cooling air flow; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 can be quickly increased, and when the pressure is stable with the external atmospheric pressure, the air-breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is closed; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is increased to be stable, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min.
At the moment, a complete vacuum pulse peeling process is completed, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency set by the touch screen is reduced by one time; the pressure lifting process is circularly repeated until the vacuum pulsation peeling frequency is reduced to 0.
e) In the vacuum drying step, the moisture content of the surface of the peeled red dates is too high, which is not beneficial to the later processing. Therefore, the peeled red dates are subjected to infrared heating and vacuumization again, the water boiling point in a vacuum state is low, and the surface water can be removed through vacuum infrared drying treatment in a short time, but the red date pulp cannot be greatly influenced.
When the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling frequency is 0, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 and the infrared heater 4 are opened again; at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is in a closed state, the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state again, and the surface moisture of the peeled red dates 6 can be quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation; the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the vacuum infrared drying temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and carries out infrared heating on the red dates 6; when the set vacuum infrared drying time is reached, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the external cold air flow can enter the box body again, the surface of the peeled red dates is impacted and cooled, and when the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is closed. The whole vacuum pulsation infrared peeling process is completed.
f) And (5) ending heating, closing the control system, opening the drying chamber 5 and taking out the red dates 6. .
Example 2
a) Fresh red dates 6 of uniform size were cleaned and air dried at room temperature and placed uniformly in a single layer on the tray 14. Closing the cabin door, wherein the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a normal pressure state, and the normal pressure state is the local actual atmospheric pressure; the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 and the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 are in a closed state, and the vacuum drying chamber 5 is completely sealed.
Wherein, the tray 14 is apart from the infrared heater interval 50mm of top, apart from the infrared heating board interval 40mm of below, and temperature sensor 15 is located 6 upper about 5mm departments of red date.
b) Starting the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device, and respectively setting infrared peeling heating time, infrared peeling heating temperature, rotating speed of the motor 13 and vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 on the touch screen 16; vacuum pulse peeling times; vacuum infrared drying time and vacuum infrared drying temperature;
wherein the infrared peeling heating time is 5min, the infrared peeling heating temperature is 400 ℃, the rotation speed of the motor 13 is 6 r/min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is 8kPa, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency is 2 times; vacuum infrared drying time is 20min, and vacuum infrared drying temperature is 60 ℃;
c) after a start button is clicked, the infrared heater 4 and the motor 13 are started simultaneously, the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the set infrared peeling and heating temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and the red dates 6 are subjected to infrared heating; the touch screen 16 controls the rotation speed of the motor 13 according to the set rotation speed, and further controls the rotation speed of the tray 14; the touch screen 16 controls the starting/stopping of the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 according to the set vacuum degree, when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 reaches the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 stop working, and when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank 9 is lower than the set value, the vacuum pump 10 and the condensing unit 11 start working.
d) When the infrared peeling heating time is over, the infrared heater 4 stops working, and the motor 13 still rotates.
At the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is in a closed state, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is rapidly reduced under the action of the vacuum tank 9, the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is reduced to be stable from the pressure of the drying chamber 5, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min. When the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is stable, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state at the moment, pressure difference exists between the drying chamber and external cold air, the external cold air can be dried in the drying chamber 5 along the ventilation pipeline 3 under the action of the pressure difference, and high-speed airflow is formed under the action of the gas jet nozzle 7 to impact the surface of the red dates 6; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 can be quickly increased, and when the pressure is stable with the external atmospheric pressure, the air-breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is closed; the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is increased to be stable, and the time is less than or equal to 2 min.
At the moment, a complete vacuum pulse peeling process is completed, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency set by the touch screen is reduced by one time; the pressure lifting process is circularly repeated until the vacuum pulsation peeling frequency is reduced to 0.
e) When the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling frequency is 0, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 and the infrared heater 4 are opened again; at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is in a closed state, the vacuum drying chamber 5 is in a vacuum state again, and the surface moisture of the peeled red dates 6 can be quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation; the touch screen 16 dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater 4 according to the vacuum infrared drying temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor 15, and carries out infrared heating on the red dates 6; when the set vacuum infrared drying time is reached, the vacuum electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the external cold air flow can enter the box body again, the surface of the peeled red dates is impacted and cooled, and when the pressure of the drying chamber 5 is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the air breaking electromagnetic valve 8 is closed. The whole vacuum pulsation infrared peeling process is completed.
f) And (5) ending heating, closing the control system, opening the drying chamber 5 and taking out the red dates 6.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an infrared peeling apparatus of vacuum pulsation, includes vacuum system, infrared heating system, control system, its characterized in that: the vacuum system comprises a vacuum drying chamber and a vacuumizing device, the infrared heating system comprises an airflow device, a heating device and a bearing table, and the control system comprises a control box and a sensor; the airflow device comprises: the air breaking electromagnetic valve (2), the vent pipeline (3) and the gas jet nozzle (7); the heating device comprises an infrared heater (4).
2. The vacuum pulsating infrared skinning apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the vacuum-pumping device comprises: vacuum tank (9), vacuum pump (10), condensing unit (11), vacuum drying chamber (5) one side is through vacuum solenoid valve (8) intercommunication vacuum tank (9), and vacuum tank (9) and vacuum pump (10), condensing unit (11) link to each other in proper order, are connected with pressure sensor (12) between vacuum tank (9) and vacuum pump (10).
3. The vacuum pulsating infrared skinning apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the plummer includes: the tray (14) is positioned in the center of the vacuum drying chamber (5), the peeled substances are flatly laid on the tray (14) in a single layer, and the motor (13) can drive the tray (14) to uniformly rotate; infrared heaters (4) are uniformly distributed above and below the tray (14), the distance between the tray (14) and the infrared heater above is 30-100 mm, and the distance between the tray and the infrared heater below is 10-80 mm.
4. A vacuum pulsating infrared skinning apparatus as in any one of claims 1-3 wherein: the control system further comprises a touch screen (16), and the control box (1) is further connected with the air breaking electromagnetic valve (2), the infrared heater (4), the vacuum electromagnetic valve (8), the vacuum pump (10), the condensing unit (11), the pressure sensor (12) and the motor (13) respectively.
5. The vacuum pulsating infrared skinning apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the touch screen (16) can collect values of the pressure sensor (12) and the temperature sensor (15), and controls the operation of the air breaking electromagnetic valve (2), the vacuum electromagnetic valve (8), the vacuum pump (10), the condensing unit (11) and the motor (13) through the single chip output module.
6. A method for peeling red dates in a vacuum pulsation infrared mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) the red dates are placed in a vacuum drying chamber, the vacuum drying chamber is in a normal pressure sealing state,
b) starting the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device,
c) the infrared heater carries out infrared heating on the red dates,
d) the vacuum drying chamber is quickly depressurized to vacuum, when the pressure of the drying chamber is stable, the drying chamber is sealed again, external high-speed airflow is connected, the vacuum drying chamber is sealed again after recovering the normal pressure state,
e) after the previous step is circulated according to the process times, the vacuum drying chamber is in a vacuum state again, the infrared heater carries out infrared heating on the red dates to ensure that the surface water of the peeled red dates is quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation, then the red dates are sealed again, external high-speed airflow is connected, and after the vacuum drying chamber is restored to a normal pressure state,
f) and closing the control system, opening the drying chamber and taking out the red dates.
7. The method for vacuum pulsation infrared peeling of red dates according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, after the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling device is started, respectively setting: the infrared peeling heating time is 3-5 min, the infrared peeling heating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the rotating speed of a motor is 3-6 r/min, the vacuum degree of a vacuum tank is 0-8 kPa, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency is 1-5 times; the vacuum infrared drying time is 5-20 min, and the vacuum infrared drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
8. The method for vacuum pulsation infrared peeling of red dates according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step c: the infrared heater and the motor are started simultaneously, the touch screen dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater according to the set infrared peeling heating temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor, and the red dates are subjected to infrared heating; the touch screen controls the rotation speed of the motor according to the set rotation speed so as to control the rotation speed of the tray; the touch screen controls the starting/stopping of the vacuum pump and the condensing unit according to the set vacuum degree, when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank reaches a set value, the vacuum pump and the condensing unit stop working, and when the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is lower than the set value, the vacuum pump and the condensing unit start working.
9. The method for vacuum pulsation infrared peeling of red dates according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step d: when the infrared peeling heating time is over, the infrared heater stops working, the motor still rotates, at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is opened, the pressure of the drying chamber is rapidly reduced under the action of the vacuum tank, the time is less than or equal to 2min from the beginning of the pressure reduction of the drying chamber to the pressure stabilization of the drying chamber, after the pressure of the drying chamber is stabilized, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is closed, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is opened, at the moment, the drying chamber is in a vacuum state, pressure difference exists between the external cold air of the drying chamber and the external cold air, the external cold air can carry out drying chamber along the ventilation pipeline under the action of the pressure difference, and high-speed airflow is formed under the action of; the pressure of the drying chamber can be rapidly increased, and when the pressure is equal to and stable with the external atmospheric pressure, the air breaking electromagnetic valve is closed; the pressure of the drying chamber is increased to be stable, the time is less than or equal to 2min, at the moment, a complete vacuum pulse peeling process is completed, and the vacuum pulse peeling frequency set by the touch screen is reduced by one time; the pressure lifting process is circularly repeated until the vacuum pulsation peeling frequency is reduced to 0.
10. The method for vacuum pulsation infrared peeling of red dates according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step e: when the vacuum pulsation infrared peeling frequency is 0, the vacuum electromagnetic valve and the infrared heater are opened again; at the moment, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the vacuum drying chamber is in a vacuum state again, and the surface moisture of the peeled red dates is quickly evaporated under the action of infrared radiation; the touch screen dynamically regulates and controls the start/stop of the infrared heater according to the vacuum infrared drying temperature according to the temperature feedback value of the temperature sensor, and carries out infrared heating on the red dates; when the set vacuum infrared drying time is reached, the vacuum electromagnetic valve is closed, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is opened, the external cold air flow can enter the box body again to impact and cool the surface of the peeled red dates, when the pressure of the drying chamber is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the vacuum breaking electromagnetic valve is closed, and the whole vacuum pulsation infrared peeling process is completed.
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