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CN109604744B - Large length-diameter ratio internal thread wire drawing system and wire drawing method - Google Patents

Large length-diameter ratio internal thread wire drawing system and wire drawing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109604744B
CN109604744B CN201811548583.6A CN201811548583A CN109604744B CN 109604744 B CN109604744 B CN 109604744B CN 201811548583 A CN201811548583 A CN 201811548583A CN 109604744 B CN109604744 B CN 109604744B
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China
Prior art keywords
wire drawing
tool
broaching
oil
internal thread
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CN201811548583.6A
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CN109604744A (en
Inventor
李福勤
陈清平
黄渝生
彭勇
王晓毅
于隽
郑国强
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Chengdu Lingchuan Special Industry Co Ltd
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Chengdu Lingchuan Special Industry Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23GTHREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23GTHREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • B23G1/44Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23GTHREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G11/00Feeding or discharging mechanisms combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, thread-cutting machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23GTHREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G5/00Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a large length-diameter ratio internal thread drawing system and a drawing method.A rough drawing knife is connected to a drawing rod through a connecting part, and a machine tool is started to move towards the inside of a workpiece needing to be provided with internal threads to finish rough drawing action; then, the rough wire drawing knife is changed into a chamfer wire drawing knife, and burrs of sharp edges of the tooth tops of the threads are removed; and then the chamfering wire drawing knife is replaced by a fine wire drawing knife. The invention solves the problem that no cutter structure special for broaching the internal thread exists in the prior art. The broaching tool gradually enters the machined workpiece, so that internal thread broaching operation is performed on the hole wall inside the workpiece, the problem that machining precision is interfered due to the fact that the cutter bar is too long and shaking is thoroughly avoided, meanwhile, compared with a traditional tapping mode, the structure and the difficulty of the machining device are greatly simplified, and the broaching tool is suitable for accurate machining of large-diameter, large-pitch and large-length-diameter ratio internal threads.

Description

Large length-diameter ratio internal thread wire drawing system and wire drawing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of internal thread machining, in particular to a large length-diameter ratio internal thread wire drawing system and a wire drawing method.
Background
The thread means a continuous convex portion of a specific section formed in a spiral shape on the surface of a cylindrical or conical parent body. The thread is divided into external thread and internal thread according to the position of the thread on the parent body. In the prior art, the internal thread is processed mainly by three modes of tapping, turning, milling and the like. For internal threads with large length-diameter ratio, the turning or milling cutter bar is long, and the cutter bar is easy to shake in the machining process, which directly affects the machining quality and precision of the threads and even causes that the machining cannot be finished; tapping is the most common method of internal threading in the prior art, but this method is preferred for smaller diameter, smaller aspect ratio, smaller pitch internal threading. The processing of the internal thread with larger diameter, large screw pitch and large length-diameter ratio is always a difficult problem in the field of thread machining. The prior art does not have a cutter structure special for broaching internal threads; in the broaching machining process, the cooling, the lubricating and the chip removal of the cutter are very important, the service life of the cutter and the machining quality of threads are influenced, the existing lubricating, cooling and chip removal methods are sprayed from the outside, the chip removal requirements of the broaching process cannot be met, and the waste chips are extremely easy to accumulate to influence the quality of the internal threads.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large length-diameter ratio internal thread drawing system and a large length-diameter ratio internal thread drawing method, which are used for solving the problem that the processing of a large length-diameter ratio internal thread is difficult in the prior art, solving the processing problem of the large length-diameter ratio internal thread, improving the broaching processing quality and achieving the purpose of drawing the internal thread by matching a plurality of drawing knives.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio comprises a rotary drawing assembly, a cutter assembly and a chip removal assembly;
the rotary drawing assembly comprises a clamp used for clamping a workpiece to be processed, the clamp is driven by a first driving mechanism to rotate around a central line, one end of the clamp is connected with an oil blocking sleeve through a bearing, the axis of the oil blocking sleeve is collinear with the central line of the clamp, the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a drawing rod inserted into the oil blocking sleeve, one end of the drawing rod inserted into the oil blocking sleeve is provided with a cutter joint used for connecting a broaching cutter, the axis of the drawing rod is collinear with the axis of the oil blocking sleeve, and the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a second driving mechanism used for driving the drawing rod to move along the axis direction of the second driving mechanism;
the tool assembly comprises a plurality of mutually independent broaching tools with chip pockets, and the plurality of broaching tools are divided into a rough wire drawing tool, a chamfer wire drawing tool and a fine wire drawing tool; the rough wire drawing knife, the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife respectively comprise a connecting part, a front positioning part, a guide part, a cutting part and a rear positioning part which are sequentially arranged; the cutting part of the rough wire drawing knife consists of two groups of first knife teeth, the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife consist of four groups of second knife teeth, the two groups of first knife teeth are distributed at two radial ends of the cutting part of the rough wire drawing knife, and the four groups of second knife teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife; the first cutter tooth and the second cutter tooth are provided with thread bulges which are matched with each other; the guide part is provided with a guide thread matched with the thread bulge; the end part of the connecting part of each broaching tool is provided with a flow dividing channel which is communicated to each chip pocket;
the chip removal subassembly includes oil pipe, and oil pipe connection is in the one end of broaching tool place direction is kept away from to the wire drawing pole, set up the passageway that communicates oil pipe and reposition of redundant personnel runner in the wire drawing pole, still include with the oil pump that oil pipe links to each other, the oil pump is located the oil groove.
The invention provides a large length-diameter ratio internal thread drawing system, aiming at the problem that the processing of a large length-diameter ratio internal thread is difficult in the prior art. Wherein the rotary drawing component comprises a clamp used for clamping a workpiece to be processed. The workpiece to be processed with the internal thread is necessarily provided with the hole inside, so the clamp is necessarily used for clamping the workpiece to be processed from the outside. The clamp is driven by the first driving mechanism to rotate around the central line, so that a workpiece clamped by the clamp is driven to rotate. One end of the clamp is connected with the oil blocking sleeve through a bearing, so that the oil blocking sleeve does not rotate in the rotating process of the clamp, the clamp further comprises a wire drawing rod inserted into the oil blocking sleeve, and one end of the wire drawing rod inserted into the oil blocking sleeve is provided with a cutter joint used for being connected with a broaching cutter. Wherein the function of the oil baffle sleeve comprises the purpose of blocking the cooling liquid from flowing towards the direction of the wire drawing rod. The second driving mechanism drives the pull screw rod to move along the axis direction of the pull screw rod, so that the broaching tool is driven to move.
The tool assembly comprises a plurality of mutually independent broaching tools with chip flutes. The rough wire drawing cutter is used for removing allowance of parts, and the chamfer wire drawing cutter is used for mainly removing burrs on sharp edges of the tooth tops of the threads after the rough wire drawing cutter is used, so that interference is not generated when the guide threads of the fine wire drawing cutter are matched with the threads after rough machining. The fine wire drawing knife is used for fine adjustment, and the precision of machining threads is guaranteed. The rough wire drawing knife, the chamfering wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife respectively comprise a connecting part, a front positioning part, a guide part, a cutting part and a rear positioning part which are sequentially arranged. The connecting part is used for being connected with the wire drawing rod to transmit broaching power: if the thread to be processed is a right-handed thread, the connecting part is set to be a left-handed thread; if the thread to be processed is a left-hand thread, the connecting part is set to be a right-hand thread; the cutter can be automatically locked by the cutting force borne by the cutter during cutting. The outer diameters of the front positioning part and the rear positioning part are determined according to the top diameter of the thread to be processed, and are inevitably smaller than the top diameter of the thread to be processed. When the internal thread is machined, the front positioning part firstly enters the machined hole, and the guide along the axial direction is provided for the entrance of the whole wire drawing knife. The guide part is used for ensuring that the thread cutting starting point of the next cutter is consistent with the thread cutting starting point of the previous cutter, and when the cutting is started, the cutter guide thread is screwed into the machined thread of the part. The cutting portion serves as a working portion of each wire drawing tool and serves a cutting function. When the device is used, firstly, the rough wire drawing knife is connected to the wire drawing rod through the connecting part, and the machine tool is started to move towards the inside of a workpiece needing to be provided with internal threads, so that rough drawing action is finished; then, the rough wire drawing knife is changed into a chamfer wire drawing knife, the operation is repeated, and burrs on sharp edges of the tooth tops of the threads are removed; and then the chamfering wire drawing knife is replaced by a fine wire drawing knife for final correction and adjustment. And parameters such as the front angle, the rear angle, the tooth lifting amount, the thread section size and the like of the thread protrusions on the first cutter tooth and the second cutter tooth are selected according to the design standard of the internal thread cutter.
Aiming at the problem that the prior art can not meet the chip removal requirement of the broaching process, the invention arranges the flow dividing channel at one end of each broaching tool, and the flow dividing channel is communicated with each chip groove. In the process that the wire drawing rod drives the broaching tool to do linear motion, the workpiece to be machined rotates outside the broaching tool, and the broaching tool gradually enters the workpiece to be machined, so that the internal thread wire drawing operation can be realized. One end of the pull rod, which is far away from the direction of the broaching tool, is connected with an oil pipe, and a channel for communicating the oil pipe with a flow dividing channel is arranged in the pull rod. Therefore, in the using process of the invention, lubricating oil is pumped from the oil groove by the oil pump and is pressurized and conveyed into the oil pipe, the lubricating oil with pressure enters the diversion flow channel in the broaching tool through the oil pipe and is finally sprayed out from each chip pocket, so that iron filings generated by the broaching tool are washed by the lubricating oil with pressure in real time in the wire drawing operation process, the iron filings are quickly washed away by the pressure sprayed by the lubricating oil, and meanwhile, the problem that the normal movement is influenced by the jamming of the iron filings can be avoided because the spraying direction of the lubricating oil is opposite to the moving direction of the broaching tool. Meanwhile, the cutter is fully cooled and lubricated and has smooth chip removal under the action of lubricating oil, the durability of the broaching cutter is improved, and the processing quality is effectively improved.
When the device is used, a workpiece with internal threads to be machined is clamped on the clamp, the hole of the workpiece is aligned to the wire drawing rod, the wire drawing rod penetrates through the workpiece through the second driving mechanism, and one end of the wire drawing rod penetrating through the workpiece is connected with the rough wire drawing cutter through the cutter joint to serve as a broaching cutter; the first driving mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate through the clamp, the second driving mechanism drives the broaching tool to do linear motion through the wire drawing rod, and the broaching tool gradually enters the machined workpiece until the broaching tool passes through the machined workpiece; the broaching tool is sequentially replaced by the residual rough broaching tool, the chamfer broaching tool and the fine broaching tool, and each broaching tool repeats the broaching step, so that the internal thread broaching operation is performed on the hole wall inside the workpiece.
Further, the clamp comprises a base plate, a central plate and a clamping piece which are sequentially distributed along a straight line, the base plate is fixedly connected with the central plate through a plurality of supporting ribs, and a second through hole for a broaching tool to pass through is formed in the central plate; the bearing is located the clamping piece and keeps away from the one end of central disk, and the outer loop of bearing links to each other with the clamping piece, and the inner ring of bearing links to each other with the oil baffle cover. The chassis is used for being directly connected with the first driving mechanism, the supporting ribs are used for connecting the chassis with the central disc, and meanwhile, enough accommodating space is provided for the cutter, so that the distance between the chassis and the central disc is larger than the total length of the broaching cutter. The clamping piece is a part for clamping a workpiece, and the second through hole in the central disc is convenient for the broaching tool to completely penetrate through the workpiece.
Furthermore, the clamping piece comprises a fixing part, a rotating part and a bolt, the rotating part is hinged to the fixing part, the rotating part and the fixing part are closed to form a circular ring, the bolt is fixed on the fixing part, a notch matched with the bolt is formed in the rotating part, and a nut is sleeved on the bolt; when the rotating part and the fixing part are closed, the bolt penetrates through the notch. The clamping piece wraps the workpiece from the outside, namely, the clamping of the workpiece is realized through the inner walls of the fixed part and the rotating part. When the clamping device is used, the rotating part is opened firstly, a workpiece to be machined is placed on the fixing part, then the rotating part is closed, the bolt penetrates through the notch of the rotating part at the moment, the nut is screwed from the upper side, and the purpose of clamping the machined workpiece from the outside through the clamping piece can be achieved.
Furthermore, the oil blocking sleeve comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, the outer sleeve is connected with the bearing, the inner sleeve is inserted into the outer sleeve from one end, far away from the clamp, of the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve is detachably connected with the outer sleeve, and the pull screw rod is inserted into the oil blocking sleeve from one end, far away from the clamp, of the inner sleeve; a first sealing ring is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve and used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve; and a second sealing ring is arranged on the inner wall of the inner sleeve and used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve and the wire drawing rod. When the broaching tool finishes one operation and is pulled out of the workpiece, the broaching tool needs to be taken down, the wire drawing rod independently passes through the workpiece again, and then the next tool is loaded for the next broaching operation. The scheme is characterized in that the inner sleeve is detachably connected with the outer sleeve, namely, the inner sleeve is conveniently detached, so that the broaching tool is conveniently detached from the end part of the wire drawing rod. Wherein, the detachable connection mode of endotheca and overcoat, the field technical staff can all realize according to a large amount of detachable connection modes in prior art, like present quick connector etc. all can realize, its specific connection mode does not belong to the scope protected by this application, does not do not describe herein any more.
Preferably, the second driving mechanism drives the wire drawing rod to move along the axis direction of the second driving mechanism through the transmission assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a linear slide rail, a slide block positioned on the linear slide rail and a bracket fixed on the slide block, and the wire drawing rod penetrates through the bracket; the second driving mechanism is connected with the sliding block, and the driving direction of the second driving mechanism is parallel to the length direction of the linear sliding rail. The second driving mechanism drives the sliding block to do linear motion on the linear sliding rail, the sliding block drives the support to move, and the support drives the pull screw rod to move, so that the axial movement of the broaching tool is realized.
Furthermore, the bracket comprises a base fixed on the sliding block, a limiting block is fixed on the base, a first through hole for the lead screw to pass through is formed in the limiting block, openings are formed in two opposite sides of the first through hole, the openings are located on the surface of one side, away from the direction where the clamp is located, of the limiting block, the openings penetrate through the limiting block in the radial direction of the first through hole, and the openings do not penetrate through the limiting block in the axial direction of the first through hole; two pin shafts protruding in the radial direction are fixed on the tension rod and matched with the two openings, and the pin shafts can enter the openings. The support is arranged in playing support and limiting action to the drawing wire rod in this scheme, can drive the drawing wire rod through the support and remove when using simultaneously. Specifically, a limiting block is fixed on the base, and the pull rod penetrates through a through hole in the limiting block. The relative both sides of through-hole all set up the opening, consequently make two round pin axles on the wire drawing pole get into two openings respectively in, until round pin axle support open-ended bottom, because open-ended restriction this moment, the wire drawing pole can not remove, also can't rotate to the direction of anchor clamps, only can move towards the direction of keeping away from anchor clamps, thereby realize passing the inside purpose of the work piece of processing with the broaching tool gradually.
Preferably, the flow dividing flow channel is communicated to the N chip grooves through N branches, and the branches correspond to the chip grooves one to one; the broaching tool is connected with the wire drawing rod through threads; the oil pipe is connected with the wire drawing rod through an oil pipe joint; the oil pipe joint comprises a threaded connection part and an oil-free connection part which are in threaded connection, the threaded connection part is in threaded connection with the wire drawing rod, and the oil-free connection part is used for being connected with an oil pipe. The real-time flushing of each chip groove by the lubricating oil with pressure is ensured. The oil pipe joint is a hydraulic pipe joint and is used for connecting an oil pipe and a wire drawing rod, so that the stable connection can be ensured, the sealing performance is good, the pressure is prevented from being leaked in advance, and the using effect of the invention is ensured. The oil-oil connecting part of the scheme is connected with the oil pipe through the oil-oil connector, and the oil-oil connector is stable and quick in connection. This scheme is when using, when oil pipe is dismantled to needs, only need unscrew threaded connection between threaded connection portion and the wire drawing pole can, also keep being connected between connecting portion and the oil pipe after the dismantlement, need not to connect oil pipe and wire drawing pole once more when needs use next time, only need tighten the screw thread between wire drawing pole and the threaded connection portion can, very big simplification the installation dismantlement process, the used repeatedly of being convenient for.
Preferably, the outer diameters of the front positioning part and the rear positioning part are smaller than the outer diameter of the cutting part by 0.03-0.06 mm; the top diameter of the guide thread is 0.4-0.5 mm smaller than that of the thread bulge. The inner back of location portion entering the downthehole of processing before being convenient for, it is minimum with the inner wall contained angle, can play stable good axial direction effect. Meanwhile, after each wire drawing knife completes one stroke, the rear positioning part can assist the wire drawing knife to stably withdraw.
Preferably, the number of the rough wire drawing knives is N, and the number of the fine wire drawing knives is M, wherein N is more than or equal to 4, and M is more than or equal to 2; and one of the fine wire drawing cutters is also provided with a calibration part positioned between the cutting part and the rear positioning part, and the calibration part is provided with a calibration thread matched with the thread bulge. In the process of broaching the internal thread each time, N rough broaching cutters and M fine broaching cutters are used for working one by one, and the precision and the roughness of the broaching forming of the internal thread are obviously improved through N times of rough broaching and M times of fine broaching. When the wire drawing machine is used, the fine wire drawing knife provided with the calibration part is used as the last wire drawing knife, so that the aim of checking and calibrating in the last operation process is fulfilled.
The internal thread drawing method with the large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps:
(a) clamping a workpiece to be processed with internal threads on a clamp, enabling the hole of the workpiece to be aligned to a wire drawing rod, enabling the wire drawing rod to penetrate through the workpiece through a second driving mechanism, and connecting a first rough wire drawing cutter as a broaching cutter through a cutter joint at one end of the wire drawing rod penetrating through the workpiece;
(b) the first driving mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate through the clamp, the second driving mechanism drives the broaching tool to do linear motion through the wire drawing rod, and the broaching tool gradually enters the machined workpiece until the broaching tool passes through the machined workpiece;
(c) and (c) sequentially replacing the broaching tool with a second rough wire drawing tool, a third rough wire drawing tool, a fourth rough wire drawing tool, a fifth rough wire drawing tool, a chamfer wire drawing tool, a first fine wire drawing tool and a second fine wire drawing tool, and repeating the step (b) for each broaching tool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a large length-diameter ratio internal thread drawing system and a drawing method.A first driving mechanism drives a workpiece to rotate through a clamp, a second driving mechanism drives a broaching tool to return to the direction to make linear motion through a drawing rod, the broaching tool gradually enters the processed workpiece, and internal thread broaching operation is performed on the hole wall in the workpiece.
2. According to the internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio, lubricating oil is pumped from the oil groove through the oil pump and is conveyed into the oil pipe in a pressurized mode, the pressurized lubricating oil enters the diversion flow channel in the broaching tool through the oil pipe and is finally sprayed out of the chip grooves, so that iron chips generated by the broaching tool are washed by the pressurized lubricating oil in real time in the drawing operation process, the iron chips are quickly washed away by the pressure sprayed by the lubricating oil, and meanwhile, the problem that the iron chips are jammed and affect normal movement due to the fact that the spraying direction of the lubricating oil is opposite to the moving direction of the broaching tool can be solved. Meanwhile, the cutter is fully cooled and lubricated and has smooth chip removal under the action of lubricating oil, the durability of the broaching cutter is improved, and the processing quality is effectively improved.
3. According to the internal thread drawing system and the internal thread drawing method with the large length-diameter ratio, due to the limitation of the opening on the limiting block, the drawing rod cannot move in the direction of the broaching tool or rotate and can only move towards the direction of the oil pipe, so that the broaching tool is driven to move towards the direction of the oil pipe, the broaching tool is stably pulled into a machined workpiece, and the workpiece is fully limited.
4. When the internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio and the drawing method are used, firstly, a rough drawing cutter is connected to a drawing rod through a connecting part, and a machine tool is started to move towards the inside of a workpiece needing to be provided with internal threads, so that rough drawing action is finished; then, the rough wire drawing knife is changed into a chamfer wire drawing knife, the operation is repeated, and burrs on sharp edges of the tooth tops of the threads are removed; and then the chamfering wire drawing knife is replaced by a fine wire drawing knife for final correction and adjustment. The invention solves the problem that no cutter structure special for internal thread broaching exists in the prior art, and achieves the purpose of forming the internal thread wire drawing cutter group by matching a plurality of wire drawing cutters.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spin-draw assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spin-pull assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an oil deflector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an oil dam sleeve through the axis in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the chip removal assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a tubing joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a tubing joint connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rough wire drawing tool in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a rough wire cutter in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cutting portion of a rough wire cutter in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a chamfer wiredrawing tool in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a side view of a chamfer wiredrawing tool in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cutting portion of a chamfer wiredrawing tool in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of a fine wire drawing blade with a calibration portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-broaching tool, 101-connecting part, 102-front positioning part, 103-guiding part, 104-rear positioning part, 105-first cutter tooth, 106-second cutter tooth, 107-aligning part, 2-shunt flow channel, 3-broaching rod, 4-oil pipe, 5-channel, 6-oil pump, 7-oil groove, 8-thread connecting part, 9-oil connecting part, 10-base, 11-limiting block, 14-bearing, 15-oil retaining sleeve, 151-outer sleeve, 152-inner sleeve, 16-tool joint, 17-base plate, 18-center plate, 19-clamping part, 191-fixing part, 192-rotating part, 193-bolt, 194-notch, 195-nut, 20-brace, 21-second through hole, 22-first sealing ring, 23-second sealing ring, 24-linear sliding rail and 25-sliding block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 14, the internal thread drawing system with large length-diameter ratio comprises a rotary drawing assembly, a cutter assembly and a chip removal assembly; the rotary drawing assembly comprises a clamp used for clamping a workpiece to be processed, the clamp is driven by a first driving mechanism to rotate around a central line, one end of the clamp is connected with an oil blocking sleeve 15 through a bearing 14, the axis of the oil blocking sleeve 15 is collinear with the central line of the clamp, the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a wire drawing rod 3 inserted into the oil blocking sleeve 15, a cutter joint 16 used for connecting a broaching cutter 1 is arranged at one end of the wire drawing rod 3 inserted into the oil blocking sleeve 15, the axis of the wire drawing rod 3 is collinear with the axis of the oil blocking sleeve 15, and the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a second driving mechanism used for driving the wire drawing rod 3 to move along the axis direction of the rotary drawing rod 3; the tool assembly comprises a plurality of mutually independent broaching tools 1 with chip pockets, and the broaching tools 1 are divided into a rough wire drawing tool, a chamfer wire drawing tool and a fine wire drawing tool; the rough wire drawing knife, the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife respectively comprise a connecting part 101, a front positioning part 102, a guide part 103, a cutting part and a rear positioning part 104 which are sequentially arranged; the cutting part of the rough wire drawing knife consists of two groups of first knife teeth 105, the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife consist of four groups of second knife teeth 106, the two groups of first knife teeth 105 are distributed at two radial ends of the cutting part of the rough wire drawing knife, and the four groups of second knife teeth 106 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife; the first cutter tooth 105 and the second cutter tooth 106 are respectively provided with a thread bulge matched with each other; the guide part 103 is provided with a guide thread matched with the thread bulge; the end part of the connecting part 101 of each broaching tool 1 is provided with a flow dividing channel 2, and the flow dividing channels 2 are communicated to all chip grooves; the chip removal subassembly includes oil pipe 4, and oil pipe 4 is connected the one end of broaching tool 1 place direction is kept away from to dragline bar 3, set up the passageway 5 that communicates oil pipe 4 and reposition of redundant personnel runner 2 in the dragline bar 3, still include with oil pump 6 that oil pipe 4 links to each other, oil pump 6 is located oil groove 7.
Preferably, the first driving mechanism is a spindle of a lathe, and the second driving mechanism is a screw rod of the lathe. The clamp is connected with a main shaft of the lathe through a screw. In the embodiment, the machine tool can be a special machine tool for processing the internal thread with the large length-diameter ratio by utilizing the common lathe for modification, so that the machine tool has wide applicability and is very convenient to popularize and apply.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 to 14, on the basis of embodiment 1, the clamp includes a base plate 17, a central plate 18, and a clamping member 19, which are sequentially distributed along a straight line, wherein the base plate 17 and the central plate 18 are fixedly connected through a plurality of support ribs 20, and the central plate 18 is provided with a second through hole 21 for passing a broaching tool therethrough; the bearing 14 is located at the end of the clamping member 19 remote from the central disc 18, the outer ring of the bearing 14 is connected to the clamping member 19, and the inner ring of the bearing is connected to the oil deflector 15. The clamping piece 19 comprises a fixing part 191, a rotating part 192 and a bolt 193, the rotating part 192 is hinged to the fixing part 191, the rotating part 192 and the fixing part 191 are closed to form a circular ring, the bolt 193 is fixed on the fixing part 191, a notch 194 matched with the bolt 193 is formed in the rotating part 192, and a nut 195 is sleeved on the bolt 193; when the rotating part 192 and the fixing part 191 are closed, the bolt 193 penetrates through the notch 194. The oil blocking sleeve 15 comprises an outer sleeve 151 and an inner sleeve 152, the outer sleeve 151 is connected with the bearing 14, the inner sleeve 152 is inserted into the outer sleeve 151 from one end, far away from the clamp, of the outer sleeve 151, the inner sleeve 152 is detachably connected with the outer sleeve 151, and the wire drawing rod 3 is inserted into the oil blocking sleeve 15 from one end, far away from the clamp, of the inner sleeve 152; a first sealing ring 22 is arranged between the inner sleeve 152 and the outer sleeve 151, and the first sealing ring 22 is used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve 152 and the outer sleeve 151; the inner wall of the inner sleeve 152 is provided with a second sealing ring 23, and the second sealing ring 23 is used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve 152 and the wire drawing rod 3.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1 to 14, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the second driving mechanism drives the wire drawing rod 3 to move along the axis direction thereof through the transmission assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a linear slide rail 24, a slide block 25 positioned on the linear slide rail 24 and a bracket fixed on the slide block 25, and the pull screw rod 3 penetrates through the bracket; the second driving mechanism is connected with the slide block 25, and the driving direction of the second driving mechanism is parallel to the length direction of the linear slide rail 24. The support comprises a base 10 fixed on a sliding block 25, a limiting block 11 is fixed on the base 10, a first through hole for the lead screw 3 to pass through is formed in the limiting block 11, openings are formed in two opposite sides of the first through hole, the openings are located on the surface of one side, away from the direction where the clamp is located, of the limiting block 11, the openings penetrate through the limiting block 11 in the radial direction of the first through hole, and the openings do not penetrate through the limiting block 11 in the axial direction of the first through hole; two pin shafts protruding in the radial direction are fixed on the tension rod 3, the two pin shafts are matched with the two openings, and the pin shafts can enter the openings. The flow distribution channel 2 is communicated to N chip grooves through N branches, and the branches correspond to the chip grooves one to one; the broaching tool 1 is connected with the wire drawing rod 3 through threads; the oil pipe 4 is connected with the wire drawing rod 3 through an oil pipe joint; the oil pipe joint comprises a threaded connection part 8 and an oil-free connection part 9 which are in threaded connection, the threaded connection part 8 is in threaded connection with the wire drawing rod 3, and the oil-free connection part 9 is used for being connected with the oil pipe 4.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 1 to 14, in any of the above embodiments, the outer diameters of the front positioning portion 102 and the rear positioning portion 104 are smaller than the outer diameter of the cutting portion by 0.03mm to 0.06 mm; the top diameter of the guide thread is 0.4-0.5 mm smaller than that of the thread bulge. The number of the rough wire drawing knives is five, and the number of the fine wire drawing knives is two; one of the fine wire drawing knives is also provided with a calibration part 107 positioned between the cutting part and the rear positioning part 104, and the calibration part 107 is provided with a calibration thread matched with the thread bulge.
The wire drawing method used in the embodiment comprises the following steps: (a) clamping a workpiece to be processed with internal threads on a clamp, enabling the hole of the workpiece to be aligned to a wire drawing rod, enabling the wire drawing rod to penetrate through the workpiece through a second driving mechanism, and connecting a first rough wire drawing cutter as a broaching cutter through a cutter joint at one end of the wire drawing rod penetrating through the workpiece; (b) the first driving mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate through the clamp, the second driving mechanism drives the broaching tool to do linear motion through the wire drawing rod, and the broaching tool gradually enters the machined workpiece until the broaching tool passes through the machined workpiece; (c) and (c) sequentially replacing the broaching tool with a second rough wire drawing tool, a third rough wire drawing tool, a fourth rough wire drawing tool, a fifth rough wire drawing tool, a chamfer wire drawing tool, a first fine wire drawing tool and a second fine wire drawing tool, and repeating the step (b) for each broaching tool.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising a rotary drawing assembly, a cutter assembly and a chip removal assembly;
the rotary drawing assembly comprises a clamp used for clamping a workpiece to be machined, the clamp is driven by a first driving mechanism to rotate around a central line, one end of the clamp is connected with an oil blocking sleeve (15) through a bearing (14), the axis of the oil blocking sleeve (15) is collinear with the central line of the clamp, the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a drawing rod (3) inserted into the oil blocking sleeve (15), a tool joint (16) used for being connected with a broaching tool (1) is arranged at one end of the drawing rod (3) inserted into the oil blocking sleeve (15), the axis of the drawing rod (3) is collinear with the axis of the oil blocking sleeve (15), and the rotary drawing assembly further comprises a second driving mechanism used for driving the drawing rod (3) to move along the axis direction of the rotary drawing rod;
the tool assembly comprises a plurality of mutually independent broaching tools (1) with chip pockets, and the broaching tools (1) are divided into a rough wire drawing tool, a chamfer wire drawing tool and a fine wire drawing tool; the rough wire drawing knife, the chamfer wire drawing knife and the fine wire drawing knife respectively comprise a connecting part (101), a front positioning part (102), a guide part (103), a cutting part and a rear positioning part (104) which are sequentially arranged; the cutting part of the rough wire drawing tool consists of two groups of first tool teeth (105), the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing tool and the fine wire drawing tool consist of four groups of second tool teeth (106), the two groups of first tool teeth (105) are distributed at two radial ends of the cutting part of the rough wire drawing tool, and the four groups of second tool teeth (106) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutting parts of the chamfer wire drawing tool and the fine wire drawing tool; the first cutter tooth (105) and the second cutter tooth (106) are provided with thread protrusions which are matched with each other; the guide part (103) is provided with a guide thread matched with the thread bulge; the end part of the connecting part (101) of each broaching tool (1) is provided with a flow dividing channel (2), and the flow dividing channels (2) are communicated to all chip grooves;
the chip removal subassembly includes oil pipe (4), and oil pipe (4) are connected the one end of broaching tool (1) place direction is kept away from in broaching screw (3), set up passageway (5) that communicate oil pipe (4) and reposition of redundant personnel runner (2) in broaching screw (3), still include with oil pump (6) that oil pipe (4) link to each other, oil pump (6) are located oil groove (7).
2. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamp comprises a base plate (17), a central plate (18) and a clamping piece (19) which are sequentially distributed along a straight line, the base plate (17) and the central plate (18) are fixedly connected through a plurality of supporting ribs (20), and a second through hole (21) for a broaching tool to pass through is formed in the central plate (18); the bearing (14) is located at one end, far away from the central disc (18), of the clamping piece (19), the outer ring of the bearing (14) is connected with the clamping piece (19), and the inner ring of the bearing is connected with the oil blocking sleeve (15).
3. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 2, wherein the clamping piece (19) comprises a fixing portion (191), a rotating portion (192) and a bolt (193), the rotating portion (192) is hinged to the fixing portion (191), the rotating portion (192) and the fixing portion (191) are closed to form a circular ring, the bolt (193) is fixed to the fixing portion (191), a notch (194) matched with the bolt (193) is formed in the rotating portion (192), and a nut (195) is sleeved on the bolt (193); when the rotating part (192) and the fixing part (191) are closed, the bolt (193) penetrates through the notch (194).
4. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil blocking sleeve (15) comprises an outer sleeve (151) and an inner sleeve (152), the outer sleeve (151) is connected with the bearing (14), the inner sleeve (152) is inserted into the outer sleeve (151) from one end, far away from the clamp, of the outer sleeve (151), the inner sleeve (152) is detachably connected with the outer sleeve (151), and the drawing screw rod (3) is inserted into the oil blocking sleeve (15) from one end, far away from the clamp, of the inner sleeve (152); a first sealing ring (22) is arranged between the inner sleeve (152) and the outer sleeve (151), and the first sealing ring (22) is used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve (152) and the outer sleeve (151); the inner wall of the inner sleeve (152) is provided with a second sealing ring (23), and the second sealing ring (23) is used for sealing a gap between the inner sleeve (152) and the pull rod (3).
5. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second driving mechanism drives the drawing rod (3) to move along the axis direction of the second driving mechanism through a transmission assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a linear slide rail (24), a slide block (25) positioned on the linear slide rail (24) and a bracket fixed on the slide block (25), and the pull screw rod (3) penetrates through the bracket; the second driving mechanism is connected with the sliding block (25), and the driving direction of the second driving mechanism is parallel to the length direction of the linear sliding rail (24).
6. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bracket comprises a base (10) fixed on a sliding block (25), a limiting block (11) is fixed on the base (10), a first through hole for the drawing rod (3) to pass through is formed in the limiting block (11), openings are formed in two opposite sides of the first through hole, the openings are located on one side surface of the limiting block (11) far away from the direction of the clamp, the openings penetrate through the limiting block (11) in the radial direction of the first through hole, and the openings do not penetrate through the limiting block (11) in the axial direction of the first through hole; two pin shafts protruding in the radial direction are fixed on the tension rod (3), the two pin shafts are matched with the two openings, and the pin shafts can enter the openings.
7. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow dividing flow channel (2) is communicated to N chip flutes through N branches, and the branches correspond to the chip flutes one to one; the broaching tool (1) is connected with the pull rod (3) through threads; the oil pipe (4) is connected with the pull rod (3) through an oil pipe joint; the oil pipe joint comprises a threaded connection part (8) and an oil-free connection part (9) which are in threaded connection, the threaded connection part (8) is in threaded connection with the pull rod (3), and the oil-free connection part (9) is used for being connected with the oil pipe (4).
8. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameters of the front positioning part (102) and the rear positioning part (104) are smaller than the outer diameter of the cutting part by 0.03-0.06 mm; the top diameter of the guide thread is 0.4-0.5 mm smaller than that of the thread bulge.
9. The internal thread drawing system with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the rough drawing knives is N, and the number of the fine drawing knives is M, wherein N is more than or equal to 4, and M is more than or equal to 2; one of the fine wire drawing cutters is also provided with a calibration part (107) positioned between the cutting part and the rear positioning part (104), and the calibration part (107) is provided with calibration threads matched with the thread protrusions.
CN201811548583.6A 2018-12-18 2018-12-18 Large length-diameter ratio internal thread wire drawing system and wire drawing method Active CN109604744B (en)

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CN201157940Y (en) * 2008-01-24 2008-12-03 长沙插拉刨机电设备制造有限公司 Numerical control screw thread upper pulling type broaching machine
CN201316851Y (en) * 2008-12-12 2009-09-30 中国石化股份胜利油田分公司现河采油厂 Special-purpose fixture for numerical control lathe tap
JP5918570B2 (en) * 2012-03-01 2016-05-18 東芝機械株式会社 Processing tools and machine tools
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CN103600134A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 顺达(芜湖)汽车饰件有限公司 Threaded hydraulic drawing device
CN104259590B (en) * 2014-09-23 2017-05-24 中船动力有限公司 Special tool and method for tapping of body threaded hole of diesel engine
CN204603485U (en) * 2015-05-06 2015-09-02 郭文波 Horizontal digital-control internal spiral broaching machine

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