CN109593771B - 一种人类map2k5第1100位碱基突变基因及其检测试剂盒 - Google Patents
一种人类map2k5第1100位碱基突变基因及其检测试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种变异的人类MAP2K5基因,它是第1100位碱基突变为A的人类MAP2K5变异基因。本发明还公开了检测前述碱基变异的试剂在制备非髓样甲状腺癌筛查试剂中的用途,以及非髓样甲状腺癌筛查试剂盒。本发明试剂盒,可用于甲状腺癌的辅助性诊断,应用前景优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及SNP领域,特别涉及与非髓样甲状腺癌相关的SNP。
背景技术
过去十年中国女性甲状腺癌发病率增长约5倍,成为女性增速最快的恶性 肿瘤。发病率在小于30岁女性中排名第一,全年龄段排第六。起源于甲状腺 滤泡细胞(Follicular Epithelium Cell)的非髓样癌(Non-medullary Thyroid Cancer,NMTC)约占总数的95%,乳头状甲状腺癌是非髓样癌中最常见的类型; 起源于甲状旁腺C细胞的髓样癌(Medullary Thyroid Cancer,MTC)约占5%。 两种类型均可具有遗传性。
尽管NMTC的概念已经被广泛接受,但其易感基因和对应功能仍未被阐明 和普遍认可,以至于目前尚没有一个公认的易感基因变异可作为NMTC防控或 治疗的靶点。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种检测NMTC的试剂盒。
本发明首先提供了一种变异的人类MAP2K5基因,它是第1100位碱基 突变为C的人类MAP2K5变异基因,即c.T1100C(p.M367T)(NM_145160)。
本发明还提供了一种变异的人类MAP2K5蛋白,它是第367位氨基酸突 变为苏氨酸的人类MAP2K5变异蛋白。
本发明还提供了检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基变异的相关试剂 在制备非髓样甲状腺癌筛查试剂中的用途。
其中,所述筛查试剂是检测乳头状甲状腺癌的筛查试剂。
其中,所述试剂是检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关 试剂。
其中,所述检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂是 测序用试剂、Snapshot试剂、限制性片段长度多态性方法用试剂或者单链构 象多态性分析用试剂。
其中,所述测序用试剂包括PCR扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂。
优选地,所述扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂包括如下引物对:
上游引物为:5′-TCATAATGTGTCCAAGTGAGTC-3′,下游引物为:5′-TTTACAGTGGAGTGGAAAGAAA-3′。
本发明还提供了一种非髓样甲状腺癌的筛查试剂盒,其特征在于:它包 括任选的用于检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基变异的相关试剂。
其中,所述试剂是检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关 试剂。
其中,所述检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂是 测序用试剂、Snapshot试剂、限制性片段长度多态性方法用试剂或者单链构 象多态性分析用试剂。
其中,所述测序用试剂包括PCR扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂。
优选地,所述扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂包括如下引物对:
上游引物为:5′-TCATAATGTGTCCAAGTGAGTC-3′,下游引物为:5′-TTTACAGTGGAGTGGAAAGAAA-3′。
本发明还提供了一对DNA引物,其特征在于:序列为SEQ ID NO.1~2 所述序列。
本发明通过对乳头状甲状腺癌家族的研究,发现了与甲状腺癌高发的突 变基因以及具体的位点,即MAP2K5 c.G961A和MAP2K5 c.T1100C。
前一个位点是MAP2K5基因编码区第961位碱基由G突变为A,对应 的MAP2K5蛋白第321位氨基酸由丙氨酸突变为苏氨酸。后一个位点是 MAP2K5基因编码区第1100位碱基由T突变为C,对应的MAP2K5蛋白第 367位氨基酸由甲硫氨酸突变为苏氨酸。经过进一步实验验证,发现该突变 位点会导致后续细胞通路的改变,使得癌症相关的基因大幅度上调,推动甲 状腺滤泡上皮细胞恶性转变。
本发明的测定方法测定来源于人的基因组DNA,样品没有限制,如体液 (如血液、腹水和尿液)、组织细胞(如肝组织)等,通过提取和纯化这些样 品均可制备基因组DNA。
本发明提供的试剂盒,可以有效筛查待检人群的对患甲状腺癌的可能性, 应用前景良好。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段, 在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、 替换或变更。
以下通过实施例、实验例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再 作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下 的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1为被调查对象候选突变及MAP2K5突变概况图:A,MAP2K5 c.G961A测序图,箭头所示为突变位点;B,MAP2K5 c.T1100C测序图,箭 头所示为突变位点;C,蛋白质MAP2K5中A321T和M367T的功能域信息; D,不同物种间MAP2K5 A321T和M367T的保守分析。
图2为FNMTC患者(F1-F4)和SNMTC患者(S1-S4)血白细胞的ERK5 基因、MAP2K5-ERK5途径靶基因的表达情况:A,ERK5表达情况;B, MAP2K5-ERK5途径靶基因的mRNA热图;C-H,靶基因FOSB,MEF2, PPARG,JUN,CDK4和CCND1的详细表达水平。
图3为FNMTC患者(F1-F4)和SNMTC患者(S1-S4)的甲状腺癌旁 组织和肿瘤组织中MAP2K5、ERK5、FRA1、MEF2基因的表达情况:A-H, MAP2K5在FNMTC患者与SNMTC患者间表达情况;I-K,癌旁组织中ERK5、 FRA1和MEF2表达情况,横坐标标签的N表示“正常组织”;L-N,癌组织 中ERK5、FRA1和MEF2表达情况,横坐标标签的T表示“癌组织”。
图4为SNMTC和FNMTC患者正常滤泡上皮组织和肿瘤组织的Ki67 染色图和判别图:A-B,正常组织染色;C-D,癌组织染色;E,三个临床病 理医生对染色结果的判读。
图5为TUNEL荧光素染色检测凋亡的图。
图6为转基因细胞构建图:A,GV358载体结构;B-C,重组载体Sanger 测序验证图;D多基因位点验证的B-CPAP细胞系;E-H,WT组、Mu1组、 Mu2组和GFP组的绿色荧光镜检图。
图7为MAP2K5示意图和转基因细胞的ERK5检测图:A,MAP2K5蛋 白三级结构及突变位点示意图;B,磷酸化ERK5蛋白检测图;C,对照蛋白 检测图;D-F,WT组ERK5蛋白亚细胞定位图;G-I,Mu1(A321T)组ERK5 蛋白亚细胞定位图。
图8为转基因细胞各组的MAP2K5-ERK5通路靶基因表达图。
具体实施方式
释义:
MAP2K5 c.G961A:MAP2K5基因第961位G→A变异;
MAP2K5 p.A321T或MAP2K5 A321T:MAP2K5蛋白第321位氨基酸由A 突变为T,此变异可由MAP2K5 c.G961A导致;
MAP2K5 c.T1100C:MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异;
MAP2K5 p.M367T或MAP2K5 M367T:MAP2K5蛋白第367位氨基酸由M 突变为T,此变异可由MAP2K5 c.T1100C导致;
FNMTC患者:家族性滤泡细胞来源的非髓样甲状腺癌患者;没有其他家族 性疾病,至少两名一级亲属被诊断为滤泡细胞来源的非髓样甲状腺癌的家系 患者;
SNMTC患者:散发性滤泡细胞来源的非髓样甲状腺癌患者,MAP2K5基因 未突变。
实施例 突变基因MAP2K5 c.T1100C的检测
1.DNA提取
取全血样本200微升,采用新百基UPure Blood DNA Extraction Kit(M2002-01)试剂盒,按新百基UPure Blood DNA Extraction Kit(M2002-01) 试剂盒说明书提取。
2.PCR扩增
1)PCR引物:
上游引物为:5′-TCATAATGTGTCCAAGTGAGTC-3′(SEQ ID NO.1),
下游引物为:5′-TTTACAGTGGAGTGGAAAGAAA-3′(SEQ ID NO.2),
浓度:100μmol/L。
2)体系配制:
DNA | 2微升 |
2X Taq PCR MasterMix(KT201) | 12.5微升 |
上游 | 1微升 |
下游 | 1微升 |
灭菌水 | 9.5微升 |
3)反应程序:
步骤 | 温度 | 时间 |
1 | 94℃ | 3min |
2 | 94℃ | 30s |
3 | 60℃ | 30s |
5 | 72℃ | 1min |
6 | 返回2步,共30次 | |
7 | 72℃ | 5min |
3.sanger测序
将PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,鉴定产物大小后送样测序,检测相关位 点是否突变.。
4.结果判读
将测序结果比对到参考基因组上,若发现第15号染色体第68040594位 为C(参考序列应是T),即检测到了MAP2K5 c.T1100C。
本发明方法可以有效检测检测MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基由T到C的 突变。
为了说明MAP2K5 c.T1100C突变对非髓样甲状腺癌的促进作用,以下 以实验例的方式说明。
实验例MAP2K5 c.G961A/c.T1100C突变与非髓样甲状腺癌的相关性
1.方法
1.1伦理和患者信息
本研究经华西医院伦理委员会批准并执行(2015-108)。FNMTC被定 义为没有其他家族性疾病,至少两名一级亲属被诊断为滤泡细胞来源的甲状 腺癌的家系患者。在这项研究中,共有77名FNMTC患者符合这些标准。 FNMTC患者来自34个家庭(女性与男性之比为3.53:1),均被诊断为甲 状腺乳头状癌。
1.2Sanger测序和基因频率查询
提取前述患者的DNA,并设计侧翼引物以扩增靶区域突变位点。根据 制造商的方案,使用BigDye 3.1终止子测序试剂盒(Applied Biosystems), 在ABI 3730xL测序仪(Applied Biosystems,USA)上对纯化的PCR产物进 行测序。
在Novo-Zhonghua Genomes(诺禾-中华基因组计划)数据库中查找 MAP2K5c.G961A/c.T1100C位点的突变基因频率。
1.3RT-qPCR测定
对于新鲜样本和细胞样本,使用Invitrogen TRIzol试剂(Cat.15596026, ThermoFisher,美国)提取总RNA。对于福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋的样品, 使用Qiagen RNeasyFFPE试剂盒(Cat.73504,Qiagen Inc,德国)提取总RNA。 为了逆转录,按照制造商的说明,使用Qiagen Omniscript RT试剂盒 (Cat.205111,Qiagen)将1mg mRNA在20ul反应体系中转化为cDNA。并 使用Bio-Rad Real-Time PCR系统(Bio-Rad Inc,USA)进行qPCR。利用 对照基因(GAPDH,ACTIN和GFP)标准化后比较靶基因的相对mRNA表 达。
1.4免疫组化
对于人样品,在4-μm厚石蜡切片上进行免疫组化染色。将载玻片在二 甲苯中脱石蜡并通过梯度乙醇溶液再补水。在室温下使用3%过氧化氢将内’ 源性过氧化物酶封闭15分钟。用双蒸水洗涤载玻片,然后将载玻片在微波 炉中孵育15分钟进行抗原修复,然后用PBS洗涤。然后将载玻片与每种单 克隆抗体的工作稀释液在4℃温育过夜。用PBS洗涤载玻片并使用DAKO EnVision+系统(K5007,Denmark)染色。使用针对Ki-67(1∶200稀释;Cat.RM-9106-S0,Thermo Fisher)的单克隆抗体和针对MEK5的多克隆抗体 (1:200稀释;Cat.ab210748,Abcam,USA)。最后,将载玻片用苏木精 复染。
1.5TUNEL分析
凋亡检测系统Fluorescein(Promega G3250),将3′-OH DNA末端掺入 荧光素-12-dUTP通过末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)作用来检测凋亡细胞的 片段化DNA。将石蜡包埋的组织加工成4-μm石蜡切片用于TUNEL凋亡细 胞检测。将切片在二甲苯中脱蜡并通过梯度乙醇溶液再补水。将切片在 0.85%NaCl中洗涤,然后用PBS洗涤。将切片与100μ120μg/ml蛋白酶k在 37℃温育10分钟。用100μl平衡缓冲液覆盖切片,然后用50μlTdT孵育缓 冲液覆盖。在没有TdT的情况下进行阴性对照。通过共聚焦显微镜检测阳 性细胞。
1.6突变体构建和慢病毒制备
使用TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen,15596-026,USA)提取总RNA。将RNA 重悬于超纯水中,并用DNA酶I(Ambion,AM2222)在37℃处理30分钟, 并根据制造商的说明用RNeasy Midi试剂盒(QIAGEN)进行RNA净化。使 用Omniscript逆转录试剂盒(205113,Qiagen)从2.0μg总RNA中随机引发 互补DNA(cDNA)。使用设计用于cDNA克隆的引物进行正常PCR和重 叠PCR方法。将PCR产物克隆到TA载体(Invitrogen,K451020V,USA; 用于克隆和DNA测序)中并进行测序。将测序正确的基因片段克隆到GV358 载体(吉凯,中国)的Age I位点。通过将上述构建体与包装质粒共转染到 HEK293T细胞中产生慢病毒,并且在转染后48小时,收集HEK293T细胞 培养基用于下一个实验。
1.7细胞培养和转染
按照说明培养人甲状腺癌细胞系B-CPAP(DSMZ No.ACR 273)。通 过STR测定验证细胞身份。然后通过过表达野生型(WT)MAP2K5,MAP2K5 A321T和M367T的慢病毒以及空慢病毒表达GFP转染B-CPAP细胞系。终 浓度为4μg/ml的嘌呤霉素用于筛选稳定感染病毒的细胞系。最后,获得四 种腺病毒感染的细胞系,其具有稳定的靶基因表达。
1.8免疫荧光染色
将稳定表达MAP2K5,MAP2K5 A321T和MAP2K5 M367T的B-CPAP 细胞系接种并在六孔板中培养。ERK5(批号:AP070721,博科,中国), 磷酸化ERK5(Thr218+Tyr220)(批号:AE050702,博科,中国),磷酸 化ERK5(Ser731+Thr733)(批号:AC09223656,博科,中国)和磷酸化ERK5(Ser496)(批号:AC11012356,博科,中国)用作靶蛋白检测的一 抗。标记的二抗用于荧光检测。细胞核用DAPI染色。最后,通过Nikon 双光子共聚焦显微镜分析图像。
1.9磷酸化检测
在该研究中通过磷酸化的ERK5(Thr218+Tyr220)(批号:AE050702, 博科,中国),磷酸化的ERK5(Ser731+Thr733)(批号:AC09223656, 博科,中国)和磷酸化的ERK5(Ser496)(批号:AC11012356,博科,中 国)检查了ERK5的五个磷酸化位点。HRP偶联的抗第二抗体用于进一步 研究,然后与辣根过氧化物酶缀合的二抗(抗兔)孵育磷酸化的ERK5(Thr218 +Tyr220),磷酸化的ERK5(Ser731+Thr733)和磷酸化的ERK5(Ser496) 或对于GAPDH和GFP二抗(抗鼠)孵育。使用ECL Plus Western印迹检 测试剂(WBULS0500,Millipore Inc,USA)使蛋白质条带可视化,并使用 Image Quant TL版本2003.02软件在Storm860PhosphorImager上检测和定 量。
1.10MAP2K5中A321T和M367T的计算模型
MAP2K5残基146-438的天然和突变模型A321T和M367T均由 Swiss-Model Server从人Mek-1激酶(PDB:3SLS)的蛋白质晶体结构产生 (Nucleic Acids Res。2014年7月;42[网络服务号:W252-8])。使用PyMOL 软件(DeLano WL.2002;PyMOL molecular graphicssystem,DeLano Scientific, Palo Alto,CA.http://www.pymol.org)生成本文中显示的模型。
1.11统计分析
使用SPSS(版本22.0;SPSS Inc.,Chicago,USA)进行统计分析。通 过两组的student t检验,在P<0.05时认为具有显著统计学差异,多组的单 因素方差分析(方差分析)分析。所有测试均为双侧,P<0.05被认为具有 统计学意义。
2.结果
2.1被调查对象的MAP2K5突变
MAP2K5 c.G961A(p.A321T)在一个家庭中的三个一级亲属中被发现。 MAP2K5c.T1100C(p.M367T)在另一个家庭中的两个一级亲属中被发现。就 基因频率而言,A321T和M367T在FNMTC患者中的基因频率分别为0.0390 和0.0259;而健康中国人对照(诺禾-中华基因组计划,n=2200,P<0.001)的 前述两个位点基因频率分别为0和0.00022523。可见MAP2K5 A321T和 M367T与FNMTC具有极为显著的相关性。
MAP2K5 c.G961A(p.A321T)和MAP2K5 c.T1100C(p.M367T)的Sanger 测序结果如图1A、B所示。
图1C展示了前述两个突变位点在MAP2K5中的位置。
图1D则显示前述两个突变位点对应的野生型碱基是十分保守的,其在 人类、大鼠、牛等动物中都具有很高的同源性。
2.2突变后的MAP2K5激活MAPK-ERK5信号通路
发明人使用RT-qPCR检测MAP2K5突变人群中,MAP2K5下游基因 ERK5,以及MAP2K5-ERK5途径的下游基因的表达。
在血液白细胞中,FNMTC人群比SNMTC人群的FOSB、MEF2、 PPARG、CDK4、和CCND基因的表达量高(图2)。
在甲状腺组织中,无论是恶性组织、还是健康组织,FNMTC人群和 SNMTC人群的前述基因表达没有显著差别,但下游靶基因ERK5、FRA1、 MEF2等的表达在MAP2K5突变NMTC人群中表达更高(图3)。
进一步地,Ki67染色(图4)和TUNEL检测(图5)显示,SNMTC与 FNMTC人群的细胞增殖和凋亡水平无显著差异。
2.3MAP2K5突变导致ERK5蛋白的Ser496和Ser731+Thr733磷酸化
MAP2K5蛋白结构示意图及突变位点如图7A所示。
将MAP2K5野生型(WT组)、MAP2K5 A321T(Mu1组)和MAP2K5 M367T(Mu2组)三种基因分别整合到GV358载体(带CMV启动子和EGFP 标签),通过腺病毒,转入人甲状腺癌细胞株B-CPAP(DSMZ No.ACC 273); 空载的GV358载体通过腺病毒转入B-CPAP作为对照(GFP组)(图6)。
然后使用商业化的抗体检测(通过蛋白免疫印迹)ERK5的磷酸化位点, 其对应磷酸化位点分别有Ser496、Ser731+Thr733以及Thr218+Tyr220。对 于过表达GFP,WT,Mu1和Mu2的B-CPAP,GAPDH和GFP均用作参照 以确保内源和外源蛋白的总量约为相同水平(图7B和C)。
结果发现,以GFP作为参照,过表达WT,Mu1和Mu2的B-CPAP显 着提高下游ERK5的总量(图7C)。进一步检测ERK5磷酸化位点:Ser496, Ser731+Thr733和Thr218+Tyr220。与GFP和WT组相比,Mu1和Mu2组 的Ser496的ERK5的磷酸化水平显着增加(图7B)。此外,与GFP和WT组相比,Mu1组中ERK5 Ser731+Thr733磷酸化水平显着增加(图7B)。
2.4磷酸化的ERK5转运到细胞核调控下游基因表达
发明人使用免疫荧光染色对上述转基因细胞中的ERK5亚细胞定位进行 检测。发现,在MAP2K5过表达组中,p-ERK5 Ser731+Thr733位于整个细 胞质中(图7D-7F);然而,在MAPK2K5 A321T过表达组中,下游p-ERK5 Ser731+Thr733仅位于细胞核中(图7G-7I)。表明MAPK2K5 A321T突变 导致ERK5转运到细胞核。
发明人进一步分析上述转基因细胞的靶基因表达。结果显示大多数 MAPK-ERK5信号传导靶标在A321T和M367T组中上调,如ERK5,FOSB, MEF2,CDK4,CCND1和FRA1,其中JUN和PPARG仅在一组中上调(图 8)。
实验例结果表明,MAP2K5突变导致ERK5磷酸化,进一步引起ERK5 转运到细胞核中,进而调控下游基因,使得癌症相关的基因大幅度上调,推 动甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞恶性转变,导致甲状腺癌的患病几率上升。
综上,本发明阐明了MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基由T到C的变异与甲状腺 癌的相关性;使用本发明的试剂盒对人的组织进行检测,如果检测到所述突 变,即可判断被检人群存在甲状腺癌的风险。本发明可用于甲状腺癌的辅助 诊断。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 四川大学华西医院
<120> 一种人类MAP2K5第1100位碱基突变基因及其检测试剂盒
<130> GY026-2018P012679CC
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<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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Claims (7)
1.检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基变异的相关试剂在制备家族性非髓样甲状腺癌筛查试剂中的用途,其特征在于:所述相关试剂是检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂;
所述人类MAP2K5基因在NCBI中的登录号为NM_145160。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述筛查试剂是检测家族性乳头状甲状腺癌的筛查试剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂是测序用试剂、Snapshot试剂、限制性片段长度多态性方法用试剂或者单链构象多态性分析用试剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述测序用试剂包括PCR扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂。
5.一种家族性非髓样甲状腺癌的筛查试剂盒,其特征在于:它包括用于检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位碱基变异的相关试剂,所述相关试剂是检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂;
所述人类MAP2K5基因在NCBI中的登录号为NM_145160。
6.根据权利要求5所述的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述检测人类MAP2K5基因第1100位T→C变异的相关试剂是测序用试剂、Snapshot试剂、限制性片段长度多态性方法用试剂或者单链构象多态性分析用试剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述测序用试剂包括PCR扩增MAP2K5基因第1100位点的试剂。
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