CN109598076A - A kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system and method - Google Patents
A kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to urban track traffic contingency management technical field, more particularly to a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system and method.This application provides a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system, analogue system includes experiment porch subsystem, and experiment porch subsystem includes data interaction unit, virtual unit unit, evacuation scene unit and evacuation resource unit；Data interaction unit so that participant enters virtual scene and tests, while obtaining the response data that participant faces emergency for experimental factors and load fire Evolution Data to be arranged；Virtual unit unit experiences true scene for the person of letting in virtual environment；Scene unit is evacuated, for constructing complete City Rail Transit System evacuation environment；Resource unit is evacuated, for constructing various exit signs, emergency evacuation lamp and broadcast resource library.Scientifically and rationally to formulate emergency evacuation prediction scheme and guaranteeing that passenger safety provides strong theoretical foundation and guarantee.
Description
Technical field
The application belongs to urban track traffic contingency management technical field, meets an urgent need more particularly to a kind of urban track traffic
Evacuation emulation system and method.
Background technique
City Rail Transit System is since the equipment such as signal, electromechanics are numerous, and regional area is influenced vulnerable to the external world, and there are safety
Hidden danger, it is difficult to fully control, may induce a variety of accidents.Since passenger flow is intensive, space is limited, under huge passenger flow pressure,
Once accident occurs, very big challenge will be brought to emergency evacuation.City Rail Transit System is public as densely populated place
Place, passenger evacuation in emergency circumstances are one and have to consider the problems of.In all kinds of urban track traffic accidents, fire is
The principal element for threatening urban track traffic operation security, accounts for about the 57% of total number of accident, 62% in urban track traffic accident
Personnel death be derived from fire incident.Economic loss and personal injury caused by fire incident are huge, especially tunnel fire hazard, rescue
It helps that difficulty is big, further increases the difficulty of passenger safety evacuation.
The development of prior art moderate heat and cigarette distribution modeling are a challenges, and personnel dredge in track traffic station fire
It dissipates, the simulation study of fire development is generally carried out separately, it is clear that this is not inconsistent with actual conditions, and passes through environmental control system
Carry out that true experiment expends very much the time and labour simultaneously has a risk for generating injury accident, the behavioural information that participant withdraws is not yet
It is easily captured.On the other hand, reinforcing evacuation education is to improve emergency evacuation efficiency, safeguards important means and the guarantor of passenger safety
Card.But current emergency evacuation spread education method mainly use paste in subway station related promotional picture album and mark, compartment and
The modes such as video are played in platform, it is difficult to cause the conscientiously concern of passenger, investigation discovery, these means to spread education are produced effects very
Micro-, most of passenger, even taking the commuting passenger of subway daily, the understanding to emergency evacuation relevant knowledge is almost
Zero.
For the rehearsal of emergency evacuation that subway station is irregularly held due to higher cost, it is nearly all vehicle that it is less, which to be related to crowd,
Stand staff, and this mode is caused to be difficult to cover a large amount of passengers.Therefore, urban track traffic emergency evacuation spreads education
Need new effective ways and means.Additionally due to lacking the cognition to passenger's emergency evacuation behavior, relevant department is designed each
Whether kind emergency evacuation equipment, facility and mark etc. can play due effect in accident evacuation, lack effective verifying
Means.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved
Pedestrian behavior research and acquisition in the case of emergency evacuation are one of current emergency evacuation research and simulation modeling
Difficult point.It uses to guarantee safety when Research on experimental methods, pedestrian's evacuation and cold smoke, the experiment of hot cigarette can only carry out respectively, cause to go
People's behavioral data inaccuracy；When using computer simulation, since pedestrian movement's parameter and evacuation behavior setting lack basis
Data lead to result inaccuracy and can not verify.Further, since lacking the cognition to passenger's emergency evacuation behavior, relevant department is set
Whether various emergency evacuation equipment, facility and mark of meter etc. can play due effect in accident evacuation, lack effective
Verifying means, the problem of the spreading education of urban track traffic emergency evacuation needs new effective ways and means, the application
Provide a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system and method.
2. technical solution
To achieve the above object, described this application provides a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system
Analogue system includes experiment porch subsystem, and the experiment porch subsystem includes data interaction unit, virtual unit unit, dredges
Dissipate scene unit and evacuation resource unit；
The data interaction unit, for be arranged experimental factors and load fire Evolution Data so that participant into
Enter virtual scene to be tested, while obtaining the response data that participant faces emergency；
The virtual unit unit, true scene is experienced for the person of letting in virtual environment；
The evacuation scene unit, for constructing complete City Rail Transit System evacuation environment；
The evacuation resource unit, for constructing various exit signs, emergency evacuation lamp and broadcast resource library.
Optionally, the data interaction unit includes the end server, main control end and experiment end, the virtual unit unit
Including virtual reality device and mating wireless external member, universal machine for walking and heart rate measuring device.
Optionally, the virtual reality device includes virtual reality glasses, operation handle and locator.
Optionally, the evacuation scene unit includes model construction and rendering module, animation rendering module, function setting mould
Block and intelligent body setting module.
Optionally, the model construction and rendering module include train, the building at station and running tunnel model and wash with watercolours
Dye；
The animation rendering module includes enabling animation submodule, fire spreading animation submodule and flue gas diffusion submodule
Block；
The function setup module includes car door opening submodule, alarm submodule, fire extinguishing submodule and barrier collision
Detection sub-module；
The intelligent body setting module includes intelligent body appearance setting submodule, escape route setting submodule and escape row
For submodule is arranged.
Optionally, the evacuation resource unit includes evacuation picture module and evacuation audio-frequency module.
Optionally, the evacuation picture module include evacuation guidance mark, direction instruction mark, apart from sign and go out
Mouth mark；
The evacuation audio-frequency module includes crowd's brouhaha submodule, evacuation broadcast submodule and switch gate sound submodule
Block.
Optionally, the evacuation environment includes train, station and transit tunnel.
The application also provides a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation emulation mode, and described method includes following steps:
Step 1 carries out operation teaching to participant；
Step 2 selects evacuation mode, evacuation scene by human-computer interaction interface in data interaction unit, and to broadcast,
Sign board, emergency evacuation indicator light, fictitious passenger and collision detection are configured；
Step 3, participant enter evacuation scene unit, place oneself in the midst of in the middle part of the subway train compartment travelled；
Step 4, starting emergency, count reaction time of the participant under different emergency conditions, movement velocity, evacuation
Behavioural characteristic and Path selection feature；
Step 5 is analyzed according to experimental data.
Optionally, further include that questionnaire survey and interview are carried out to participant, further appreciate that participant makes in an experiment
The mentality motivation of certain behaviors.
3. beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system and method provided by the present application has
Beneficial effect is:
It is provided by the present application to create true accident environment by building immersion virtual environment, by various records and deposit
Storage means acquire passenger's emergency evacuation behavioural characteristic and kinematic parameter.Meanwhile as Evacuation Design optimization and what is spread education have
Effect means, scientifically and rationally to formulate emergency evacuation prediction scheme and guaranteeing that passenger safety provides strong theoretical foundation and guarantee.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the virtual reality device schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 2 is the wireless external member schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 3 is the universal machine for walking schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 4 is the heart rate measuring device schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 5 is the subway train schematic internal view of the application；
Fig. 6 is the subway train 3D modeling schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 7 is train operator room and the emergency evacuation door setting schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 8 is the tunnel internal schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 9 is service channel and evacuation platform schematic diagram in the tunnel of the application；
Figure 10 is the transit tunnel arrangement schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 11 is the tunnel ends schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 12 is that tunnel ends are connected schematic diagram by stair with platform in the VR scene of the application；
Figure 13 is exit signs and fire extinguisher mark schematic diagram in the compartment of the application；
Figure 14 is exit signs and fire extinguisher mark schematic diagram in compartment in the experiment scene of the application；
Figure 15 is compartment both ends " emergency exit " the mark schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 16 is service channel Warning Mark and emergency evacuation lamp schematic diagram in the tunnel of the application；
Figure 17 is exit signs schematic diagram in the tunnel of the application；
Figure 18 is one schematic diagram of mark position of the application；
Figure 19 is two schematic diagram of mark position of the application；
Figure 20 is the experiment parameter selection interface schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 21 is that fictitious passenger in the VR scene of the application is being escaped schematic diagram；
Figure 22 is that fire schematic diagram occurs in the compartment of the application；
Figure 23 is that occur smog schematic diagram in the compartment of the application；
Figure 24 is generation crowd unusual fluctuation schematic diagram in the compartment of the application；
Figure 25 is the experiment flow schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 26 is that the train floor fire of the application simplifies rule of development schematic diagram；
Figure 27 be the application train in development process the extension schematic diagram of fire sharp side at any time；
Figure 28 is the train seat fire extension schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 29 is the train seat fire propagation law schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 30 is the danger zone extension schematic diagram of the application；
Figure 31 is the rule of development schematic diagram in the 2.5kw/ ㎡ radiant heat face of the application；
Figure 32 is the online setting schematic diagram of more people of the application；
Figure 33 is alarm and communicator schematic diagram in the compartment of the application；
Figure 34 is fire extinguisher schematic diagram in the compartment of the application；
Car door opening situation schematic diagram when the platform and evacuation platform that Figure 35 is the application are evacuated；
Car door opening situation schematic diagram when Figure 36 is the end door evacuation of the application；
Figure 37 is the analogue system schematic illustration of the application.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, specific embodiment of the reference attached drawing to the application is described in detail, it is detailed according to these
Description, one of ordinary skill in the art can implement the application it can be clearly understood that the application.Without prejudice to the application principle
In the case where, the feature in each different embodiment can be combined to obtain new embodiment, or be substituted certain
Certain features in embodiment, obtain other preferred embodiments.
Experiment and Computer Simulation are relied on substantially for the research of City Rail Transit System passenger emergency evacuation at present
Two methods.Wherein experimental method in order to ensure the safety of personnel, often carries out many simplification, causes experiment scene and real scene
It differs greatly, especially the accidents such as fire, it is difficult to construct true experimental field；The basis of Computer Simulation is answering for passenger
It walks rapidly to be set with kinematic parameter, due to lacking behavior and exercise data under truth, simulation result and actual conditions are difficult
To coincide.The acquisition of pedestrian's evacuation model parameter in fire is always to hinder a key factor of model development.Because of experiment
And the problems such as detection difficulty is high, safety is low, when carrying out field test there are many hidden danger, rarely have people to be related to.And VR technology
Disadvantages mentioned above has been well solved, has allowed experiment participant that can pass through the virtual ring of immersion in the scene built by engine
It is tested in border, and obtains preferable experimental result for analysis.
The application aims to solve the problem that following difficult point present in current research method:
(1) research of pedestrian's evacuation model is theoretically unsound and effectively verifies means in the case of emergency evacuation.At present
In emergency circumstances pedestrian behavior mode and speed value etc. are often led on the basis of normal behaviour mode in simulation model of microscopic
Simple addition is crossed because submode is realized.But when accident occurs the movement characteristic of personnel with it is normal when make a big difference, such as table
Reveal non-habitual, panic behavior, pass through flue gas behavior etc..For passenger behavior in emergency circumstances, deduced by normal behaviour
Obtained parameter value and model construction is theoretically unsound.
(2) acquisition method of pedestrian's emergency evacuation behavior cannot comprehensively capture the evacuation behavior of pedestrian, data reliability
It is not high.At present in the case of emergency evacuation there are mainly two types of the experiment acquisition methods of pedestrian behavior: serious game and true man's experiment.Sternly
The evacuation behavior of pedestrian is investigated in respectful game by viewing video cartoon, but this method can only extract optimizing paths, is lacked
The weary research to evacuation speed and other evacuation behaviors；And it watches video and lacks substitution sense, it is difficult to ensure that pedestrian is in true feelings
Also same decision is made under condition.Existing true man test or investigate in the simple scenario that laboratory is built a certain specific
Behavior, simplified scene and true urban track traffic environment lead to the inaccuracy investigated to behavior there are bigger difference；It wants
Organized experiment is carried out in true urban track traffic environment, but is often existed in experiment in order to guarantee passenger safety
The urgent scene such as carry out, and fire can not be presented in the case where with adequate preparation, when passenger is difficult to experience true accident
Tension, therefore there are bigger differences for the emergency behavior when behavior shown and the generation of true accident, it is difficult to it collects true
Emergency behavior.
(3) Evacuation Design and emergency preplan, which are formulated, lacks effective scheme comparison method and verifying means, and evacuation is drilled
It practises and safety education lacks substitution sense, effect is undesirable.Installations and facilities and operation rank of the design phase for Evacuation Design
The emergency evacuation emergency preplan that section is formulated mostly is based on estimating under experience and ideal conditions, and actual conditions tend not to when occurring
Play a role and complete according to the rules various predetermined actions.It is safe to guarantee in evacuation drill, it tends to be difficult to urgent scene is presented,
Site environment and evacuation personnel psychology state and truth difference it is larger, cause true accident there is a situation where when and manoeuvre in
It is very different.Safety education for pool of passengers lacks effective popularization means, and rests on theoretic more, and shortage has
The practice of effect is experienced.
Compared to the prior art, the application is innovated in the following areas and is improved:
(1) integrated suppliers of City Rail Transit System evacuation environment are not implemented in the prior art, generally solely concentrate on
The building of simple station or tunnel environment, lacks the considerations of evacuating process to compartment.The application is intended to construct complete city
Whole passenger's public spaces such as environment, including train, tunnel, platform, subway concourse are evacuated in rail traffic, can be realized overall process evacuation
Simulation.
(2) rarely have the setting of virtual personnel in the prior art, the crowding effects such as conformity behavior, agreement can not be embodied,
There is larger gap in the case where assembling with passenger in City Rail Transit System under normal circumstances.The application is intended to construct one
The simulated environment of a large amount of fictitious passengers, and certain rule of conduct is set by intelligent body thought for them, it can be passed through by user
Interface operation realizes the control of the behavioral parameters such as virtual personnel reaction time, movement velocity.The crowd of can be achieved is in a tumult, is crowded, drawing
Lead evacuation and other effects.
(3) prior art generally passes through the browsing simulation at god visual angle, can not generate and interact with scene, lacks true
Experience sense and immersion sense, cause behavior reaction and real scene to have bigger difference.The application is intended to develop the mutual of an immersion
Dynamic simulation system, participant be in view environment identical in reality and other personages, and can be realized with it is real in
Identical interactive operation creates an infinite approach for participant and really evacuates simulated environment, participant is made to show to connect
Nearly true behavior reaction, ensure that the reliability of the parameter of acquisition.
(4) each virtual scene is only capable of accommodating participant's entrance in the prior art, cannot achieve more in virtual environment
The exchange of a participant cooperates.The application is intended to develop the interactive simulation system with multi-person synergy function, it can be achieved that more
Interaction of the position participant in Same Scene, they can see each other in virtual scene, and make similar with reality
Behavior reaction.Agreement of the passenger in emergency evacuation can be studied based on technique, staff can also be by this skill
Art, which participates in simulation, realizes complicated guidance behavior.
(5) movement of participant in the scene is generally realized by VR handle in the prior art, and participant itself is not
It is mobile.Since handle takes wink to move, formula is mobile, and there are bigger difference, nothings for the movement under movement speed and step-length and truth
Method acquires the movement characteristic and motion morphology of participant in simulations.The application has abandoned the mobile mode of handle, and participant needs
It truly walking and to run to realize the movement in virtual scene, movement of the participant in actual environment and virtual environment
The correspondence of 1:1 can be achieved；Meanwhile to break the limitation of the space of locator, the application introduces universal machine for walking and realizes participant
Extra long distance in Virtual Space is mobile.True mobile experience ensure that the reliability of heart rate and motion capture.
(6) realization of smog and fire is generally realized by simple animation in the prior art, lacks pyrotechnics development law
Theoretical basis.The application is full-scale to the fire differentiation progress in evacuation scene by professional fire differentiation numerical simulation software
Simulation, the input for then changing the analog results such as high temperature, flame, smog as pyrotechnics in VR environment guarantee in virtual environment
The variation of pyrotechnics meets the actual rule of development.User can be arranged by interface and the replacement of data file is realized to fire location
With the control of fire scale.
(7) list is generally concentrated to the investigation of pedestrian's Path selection and various evacuation ancillary equipments, mark in the prior art
In one scene, the influence of single factors is investigated by limited variation.The application is by establishing mark mark picture library and broadcast
Equal wave audios library, considers the various factors for influencing evacuation, realizes free group of different affecting factors by UI Preferences
It closes, investigates the pedestrian under various operating conditions and evacuate behavior and evacuate the effect of guidance measure.
(8) the evacuation rehearsal of urban track traffic Departmental organization and the simple evacuation scene experiment built in the lab,
It evacuates scene and evacuation personnel psychology and in emergency circumstances has bigger difference.The application passes through immersion virtual environment and cigarette-fire-
People's synchronization action captures the evacuation behavior of passenger, obtain the method for evacuation model parameter compared to have invention more it is close really
Situation, acquired parameter is more valuable, as a result more effectively.VR system is capable of providing safe, inexpensive, planned and can weigh simultaneously
Multiple experimental situation.Popularization means as a kind of City Rail Transit System evacuation safety education simultaneously, can be more convenient
Ground covers a large amount of crowds, greatlys improve safety education effect.
Referring to Fig. 1~36, the application provides a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system, the analogue system packet
Experiment porch subsystem is included, the experiment porch subsystem includes data interaction unit, virtual unit unit, evacuation scene unit
With evacuation resource unit；
The data interaction unit, for be arranged experimental factors and load fire Evolution Data so that participant into
Enter virtual scene to be tested, while obtaining the response data that participant faces emergency；
The virtual unit unit, true scene is experienced for the person of letting in virtual environment；
The evacuation scene unit, for constructing complete City Rail Transit System evacuation environment；
The evacuation resource unit, for constructing various exit signs, emergency evacuation lamp and broadcast resource library.
Optionally, the data interaction unit includes the end server, main control end and experiment end, the virtual unit unit
Including virtual reality device and mating wireless external member, universal machine for walking and heart rate measuring device.
The end server is for being arranged experimental factors and load fire Evolution Data, and main control end and experiment end are for joining
Enter virtual scene with person and tests.When online experiment, entrance is set and controlled for updating experiment scene in main control end
Scene, experiment end follow main control end to enter.
Optionally, the virtual reality device includes virtual reality glasses, operation handle and locator.
Helmet view equipment (Fig. 1), including virtual reality glasses, operation handle, locator of virtual reality technology etc., and cooperate
Use the wireless external member of TPCAST (Fig. 2).Using the HTC VIVE virtual reality device from Taiwan, need to cooperate power PC master
Machine, it is desirable that Cpu is i7-7700 or same level, dominant frequency 3.6GHz；Video card gtx1060, video memory are not less than 6G.In addition, in order to break through
The space of locator limits (4m × 6m), is introduced into the universal machine for walking of Omini (Fig. 3), it can be achieved that accurate in virtual scene, unlimited
Space displacement；In order to track the psychology variation during participant's evacuation, using Polar V800 (Fig. 4), record is participated in real time
Person's physiological data.
Optionally, the evacuation scene unit includes model construction and rendering module, animation rendering module, function setting mould
Block and intelligent body setting module.
Optionally, the model construction and rendering module include train, the building at station and running tunnel model and wash with watercolours
Dye；
The animation rendering module includes enabling animation submodule, fire spreading animation submodule and flue gas diffusion submodule
Block；
The function setup module includes car door opening submodule, alarm submodule, fire extinguishing submodule and barrier collision
Detection sub-module；
The intelligent body setting module includes intelligent body appearance setting submodule, escape route setting submodule and escape row
For submodule is arranged.
Optionally, the evacuation resource unit includes evacuation picture module and evacuation audio-frequency module.
Optionally, the evacuation picture module include evacuation guidance mark, direction instruction mark, apart from sign and go out
Mouth mark；
The evacuation audio-frequency module includes crowd's brouhaha submodule, evacuation broadcast submodule and switch gate sound submodule
Block.
Picture resource can be independently selected, the paste position and size of different identification are set by coordinate.It can also be autonomous
Simultaneously play time and volume is arranged in selection voice resource.
Common mark picture and voice resource are described in detail below.
Sign for safe evacuation default has 3 in compartment." emergency exit is at compartment both ends " sign for safe evacuation is puted up in each compartment
With fire extinguisher mark (Figure 13 and Figure 14), " emergency exit " mark (Figure 15) is puted up at compartment both ends.
Emergency evacuation lamp and " extra exit " Warning Mark are set above lateral fire escape door opening in tunnel, such as Figure 16 institute
Show.Wherein " extra exit " mark is always on.There are three types of vision guide modes for emergency evacuation light: not working, green is always on, green is dodged
It is bright.Three models can be selected by the set interface at the end server.The programming of three kinds of states is realized to be converted using 0-1, i.e., lamp has
" not working " and " bright " two states, are assigned a value of 0 and 1 respectively, the state parameter light of an emergency evacuation lamp are arranged, every time more
The value of new capital reading light.When the end server selects " not working ", light value perseverance is 0；When the end server selects " being always on "
When, light value perseverance is 1；When the end server selects " flashing ", light alternating values between zero and one pass through setting value
Alternate frequency can control the frequency of light flash.
Evacuation guidance mark (Figure 17) in tunnel, default post up tunnel wall, may also set up and post up ground or setting
Patch height.Under default conditions, flag bit is equipped with two groups, can select in set interface: position 1 --- and mark is located at the 2nd, 7 section vehicles
Tunnel wall outside compartment, as shown in figure 18.Position 2 --- mark is located at the tunnel wall of train head, tail 100m, as shown in figure 19.
Brouhaha when sound that voice resource default is automatically opened comprising flame sound, door, escape, sound when opening Door by Hand
Sound independently can be recorded and be added according to demand.Broadcast sounds are preferably slightly larger than brouhaha.For different evacuation scenes, may be selected
Following default broadcast:
1. being played in all scenes: " it welcomes to take No. 6 alignment vehicles of subway, this train leaves for Haidian direction Wu Luju,
Train operation ahead is young way station, and the passenger that please need to get off is ready."
2. playing when end door evacuation scene setting broadcast: " emergency occurs for compartment, asks passenger from front emergency evacuation door
Escape." play 3 times.
3. playing when platform evacuation scene setting broadcast: " emergency occurs for compartment, asks passenger to open car door manually and dredges
It dissipates." play 3 times.
Optionally, the evacuation environment includes train, station and transit tunnel.
Necessary facility is configured in train, including between drivers' cab, seat, car door, seat and car door baffle/railing,
It is column, handrail, emergency tripper and operation instruction, alarm communication, fire extinguisher, the door between drivers' cab and guest room, urgent
Normal illumination, emergency lighting, air-conditioner air vent, evacuation explanation/mark, passenger baggage etc. in egress door, compartment.Car sizes and
Arrangement refers to No. 6 alignment vehicles of Beijing Metro, and using Type B vehicle, 8 marshallings are arranged, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
There is emergency evacuation door in train driving room front end, and escape ramp/escape ladder can be directly down toward rail level, ladder quantity 4~5
It is a, wide 490mm, clear height 1840mm.Setting is as shown in Figure 7 in drivers' cab.
Station includes three groups of building staircases of platform, subway concourse and the two connection.Platform uses the typical stations of urban track traffic
Platform form --- an island platform includes shield door and platform structure column.Elevator is unusable when fire.Visible opposite screen after getting off
Cover door.Participant can be by building staircase from the platform destination Room, and subway concourse includes gate, structural column etc..
Running tunnel is using the section of growing up of No. 6 lines of Beijing Metro --- and as prototype, interception wherein has in green girdle section
Representative one section of building tunnel virtual environment.Comprising between track, evacuation platform, various pipelines, lighting apparatus, tunnel in tunnel
Service channel, metope sign for safe evacuation, towards step of platform etc., as shown in Figure 8.
There are the gap 5cm~6cm between evacuation platform in train and platform and tunnel, evacuation platform and platform floor are flat
Together, with orbital plane height difference 1.3m.Evacuation platform disconnects at service channel, and gap has step, can be under platform to rail level
Evacuation, or enter service channel, as shown in Figure 9.
Assuming that train because of disastershutdown, is parked between two service channels just, position of the train in tunnel such as Figure 10 institute
Show.
Tunnel ends are connected by stair with platform, stairway width 1.1m, as is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12.
The application provides a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation emulation mode, it is characterised in that: the method includes such as
Lower step:
Step 1 carries out operation teaching to participant；
Step 2 selects evacuation mode, evacuation scene by human-computer interaction interface in data interaction unit, and to broadcast,
Sign board, emergency evacuation indicator light, fictitious passenger and collision detection are configured；
Step 3, participant enter evacuation scene unit, place oneself in the midst of in the middle part of the subway train compartment travelled；
Step 4, starting emergency, count reaction time of the participant under different emergency conditions, movement velocity, evacuation
Behavioural characteristic and Path selection feature；
Step 5 is analyzed according to experimental data.
Before simulation starts, to make participant adapt to VR immersive virtual environment and being familiar with interactive operation method, it is provided with one
A teaching room.Room copies laboratory to arrange, the position opposite with door is provided with experiment porch subsystem, and there is " operation in centre
Teaching " button, has operating method explanation on wall.Operation teaching is contained mobile, enabling, picks up, operated using spray bottle etc..Room
Between one end have a cabinet, participant can open cabinet according to teaching method, pick up article and simultaneously carry out relevant operation.
The setting of evacuation mode influence factor: evacuation position, lighting condition, sign for safe evacuation type and position, broadcast, it is on fire when
Between, the reaction time of fictitious passenger and movement velocity, emergency evacuation lamp, heavy luggage, fire development law and danger area range
Deng.
Evacuation scene contains three kinds of forms of train detrainment: (train is parked in platform, and passenger is from train detrainment for platform evacuation
To platform, then evacuated by building staircase to subway concourse), (passenger passes through train passenger compartment out of train for evacuation platform evacuation in tunnel
Door run away to evacuation platform evacuation) and tunnel in end door evacuation (passenger pass through train head drivers' cab in emergency evacuation door down toward rail
Face evacuation).
Fictitious passenger setting includes being arranged a certain number of fictitious passengers in the scene, when simulation starts, fictitious passenger with
Machine is distributed in compartment, and after the accident, according to the reaction time set by user, fictitious passenger, which stands, to start to escape.Virtually multiply
Visitor has intelligent pathfinding ability, can actively pass round barrier, feasible best-effort path is voluntarily found according to architectural environment.Virtually multiply
Visitor has multiple images, it can be achieved that the elemental motions such as stand, run.As shown in figure 21.
Lighting level default has 3 grades: normal illumination, Emergency Light, dark.More stages can also be set as needed
Not.
Due to being provided with collision detection, passenger can not pass through in evacuation or across heavy luggage, therefore heavy luggage exists
Passenger moving can be hindered in evacuation, influence efficiency of escaping.
Fire scale and temperature setting control fire development speed and are drilled by way of reading in fire Evolving data file
Law.Fire file can not also be read in, is observed without the evacuation behavior in fiery situation.
Fire can be read in front of experiment by the end serve and develops file, the position and time that control fire occurs.The fire of burning
Flame, the intensity of a fire size can be showed by combustion state, smokescope, with noisy voice.Fire differentiation can be with Smartfire
Simulation result is as input.
Developing related file with fire includes that smog develops file, fire develops file and temperature evolution file, these
File controls the three dimensional change of pyrotechnics at any time in scene as input；The setting of temperature is visually invisible, when participant exists
Cumulative time in high temperature range is more than " escape failure " picture occur after threshold value to announce escape result.
Numerical simulation result is developed according to fire, train fire can be divided into floor fire, roof fire and seat fire.Lacking
In the case where specific fire Evolving data, it can be handled according to the method for following simplification.Assuming that fire source is located at train floor, when on fire
Between be set as 0s, then floor fire begins to extend from 30s, the rate of propagation of flame front is 0.085m/s, from fire location to vehicle
The diffusion of compartment both ends, as shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27.Ceiling fire is extended with the speed of 0.096m/s to train both ends since 50s.Seat
Chair fire continuously traverses entire compartment, diffusion velocity 0.086m/s, such as Figure 28 and Figure 29 since 80s, if seat is treated as
It is shown.
Participant places oneself in the midst of in the subway train compartment that a column are travelling as a revenue passenger when experiment starts
Portion, participant can the free movements in compartment.After the emergency episodes such as fire occur, the self-dependent judgement of participant and experience into
Row evacuation, tries to escape.
It freely walks about since passenger enters after scene, when emergency occurs, passenger is from fire source apart from different, the reaction time
There is also differences with emergency behavior.According to the positional relationship of experiment setting and participant and fire source, " accident occurs " may include 3
Kind situation: see compartment (Figure 22) on fire, see that compartment has smog (Figure 23) and crowd abnormal (if any passenger's cry " kindling "
Or escape in a hurry, as shown in figure 24).Investigate reaction time of the passenger under different emergency conditions, movement velocity, evacuation behavior
Feature and Path selection feature.
With fire development, temperature and heat radiation also constantly increase in compartment, according to Numerical Simulation on Fire as a result, passenger most
First by the injury of heat radiation.The temperature threshold of high-temperature area and accumulative death time threshold value should combine human body high temperature tolerance ability
It determines.In the scene of a fire, thermal radiation flux often produces bigger effect human body, can when in the environment that human body is in 2.5kw/ ㎡
To adhere to 35s, when in the environment that human body is in 4kw/ ㎡, almost instantaneous death.Take 2.5kw/ ㎡ as danger in this experiment
Danger zone domain critical value announces " escape failure " when the cumulative time is more than 35s to passenger in danger area.2.5kw/ ㎡ radiant heat
The rule of development in face is as shown in figures 30 and 31: development of linear between 0-80s, diffusion velocity are gradually increased to 0.1m/ from 0m/s
It keeps after s, 80s with the VELOCITY DIFFUSION of 0.1m/s.
Participant flees from in-track platform behind compartment in platform scene, is determined as after then reaching subway concourse by building staircase
It escapes successfully；In tunnel in emergency evacuation platform scene, passenger reaches emergency evacuation platform after fleeing from compartment, then along emergency
Evacuation platform evacuation, until reaching front/rear side station or lateral service channel is to be determined as success of escaping；End door is dredged in tunnel
Let out in scape, passenger flees from compartment by the emergency evacuation door of train head drivers' cab, then urgent by what is put down at car door
It escapes under escape ladder to rail level, walks in tunnel along rail level, until the front/rear side station of arrival or lateral service channel determine
To escape successfully.Escape result is shown in the participant visual field with visual format, and display " escaping successfully "/" escape failure " is drawn
Face.Evacuation process is as shown in figure 25.During escape, if being more than threshold value in the danger zone cumulative time, determine to escape
Failure.
Collision detection, participant are respectively provided between the physical models such as participant and luggage, column, seat, compartment, building
Barrier cannot be passed through with fictitious passenger.The range and fine degree of collision detection influence the accurate of system effectiveness and detection
Degree.Since cabin space is narrow, if detection range is excessive, it is easy to cause participant mobile excessively limited, movement has some setbacks；If inspection
Survey range it is too small, then cannot effective collision prevention, it is possible that the phenomenon that body passes through barrier.Usual collision detection using
Cuboid, cylindrical body or obform body detection use cylinder since the system resource of obform body detection consumption is larger after than choosing
Regional scope of the body as collision detection, works well, and realizes the balance of efficiency and accuracy.
It is the same as the actual situation, there are three types of interactive devices in compartment: fire extinguisher, car door emergency unlocking device, call alarm
Device has operation instruction at every kind of facility.
There are mainly two types of forms for subway train warning device, and one is the warning devices that can be conversed with driver, and passenger is only
Red button need to be pressed, when green indicator light is bright, passenger can directly converse with driver；Another kind is cannot be direct with driver
The warning device of call, after pressing switch alarm, driver, which receives the report for police service, to reply passenger by broadcast, and No. 6 lines of Beijing Metro are adopted
It is exactly this form, as shown in figure 33.Alarm application method has been indicated at each alarm: " 1, boost upwards it is outer
Cover presses lower button；2, it speaks against communication." and be labelled with compartment and car door number, convenient for driver and control centre to kindling
Position is positioned.
Fire extinguisher position is normally at the both ends or under-seat of each compartment, the fire extinguishing of No. 6 lines of Beijing Metro in compartment
Device position is as shown in figure 34, and in compartment, the position of connection hollows out placement.Participant can pick up fire extinguisher, and eject visual
Great amount of carbon dioxide and foam.
The application setting is shaken using alarm communicator and pickup, using handle when fire extinguisher in an experiment.
Participant is during evacuation, and in the case where car door allows opening, participant can pass through car door tripper, hand
It is dynamic to open car door evacuation.Part car door can be controlled by driver and be automatically opened when this experiment setting issues emergency, or by passenger
It opens manually, other car door cannot be opened, and closed state is constantly in.When participant is beaten manually by car door tripper
When enabling, with handle vibration (simulate the dynamics opened the door).
In three kinds of main evacuation scenes, car door is automatically opened and opening situation is as follows manually:
1. train is parked in the situation of platform.After the accident, two car doors according to the specified time, among each compartment
It can automatically open, passenger can evacuate from the car door when front opening.When in the participant visual field without open train door, passenger can hand
The dynamic both ends car door for opening each compartment platform side.The car door of the platform other side is unable to automatic/hand opening.Such as Figure 35 institute
Show.
2. evacuated with emergency evacuation platform in tunnel, it is identical as platform situation that car door automatic/hand opens situation.
3. when train stops in tunnel, and do not have from train passenger compartment door evacuate condition when, can only be from train head
Escape door is evacuated in drivers' cab, is opened escape door by driver at this time and is put down escape ladder, tissue passenger evacuates from headstock.Compartment two
The car door of side is not opened, can not also be opened manually.As shown in figure 36.
The application according to the frequency record of 2s and can export the three-dimensional coordinate of participant position in experimentation for text
File, the output form of every group of data are (ti,xi,yi,zi), it is possible thereby to calculate walking speed.
The evacuation process of participant can be saved as videograph with the first visual angle by the application, to review and mention after to test
Take video data for analyzing.
The application can be implemented tracking and record the changes in heart rate of participant, and time and corresponding RR interval data are exported
For text file.
According to experimental data, data can be analyzed from the following aspect:
In " 1. simulated scenario setting " various influence factors to passenger's reaction time, movement velocity, evacuation behavioural characteristic and
The influence of optimizing paths.
2. optimizing the setting position of sign for safe evacuation according to passenger's sight drop point of videograph.
3. observing the posture of passenger under different scenes in experimentation: squat, bend over, groping wall etc..
4. analyzing participant's psychological condition from physiological angle, convert time domain data to by wavelet analysis and windowing process
Frequency domain data, the psychological conditions such as analysis fear, anxiety.
Optionally, further include that questionnaire survey and interview are carried out to participant, further appreciate that participant makes in an experiment
The mentality motivation of certain behaviors.
In order to further appreciate that participant makes the mentality motivation of certain behaviors in an experiment, preferably interpret participant's
Emergency behavior, during questionnaire is filled in or after the completion in questionnaire content and experimentation the behavior of participant itself to ginseng
Interview is carried out with person.Questionnaire mainly includes four personal attribute, behavior investigation, psychological research and experimental evaluation parts.A Genus Homo
Property includes social economy's attribute of participant and the background knowledge of participant.By analyzing social economy's attribute of participant and dredging
The correlation for the behavior of dissipating, can targetedly pay close attention to a certain types of populations in evacuation；The background knowledge of participant is studied (to tight
The understanding of anxious evacuation equipment and fire experience etc.) influence that behavior is evacuated to participant, help to select subway safety education
Emphasis.Behavior investigation mainly includes reaction time, the first reaction in emergency circumstances and evacuation behavior of participant etc..It is logical
The in emergency circumstances boot policy to passenger can be advanced optimized by crossing behavior investigation.Psychological research mainly for Psychological phobia, with
It is panic to evacuation behavior and the influence of Path selection to inquire into psychology.Experimental evaluation mainly includes for the true of experiment scene and experience
Solidity evaluation.
The application develops online setting, it can be achieved that several participants carry out evacuation in fact in a virtual scene simultaneously
It tests.Under same local area network, being arbitrarily designated a computer is main control end, and installs main control end experiment porch, other are real
End is tested, corresponding installation experiment end experiment porch, as shown in figure 32.Main control end can realize that scene and parameter are updated by operation
And control into experiment, experiment end does not have the function, can only enter same void with main control end according to the setting of main control end
Quasi- scene.Into after experiment, the no difference of operation of main control end and experiment end.
The application can accommodate several participants online experiment in same virtual scene, and participant's quantity is not by system function
Limitation, can be freely arranged according to virtual unit quantity.Each participant has different visual figure images, and virtual image is by joining
With person real-time control, and keep moving synchronously with participant.Different participants can mutually observe each other in virtual scene
Movement and state.For participant itself, the handle of positioning is shown as participating in virtual scene in the technical program
The hand and arm of person.
The application constructs complete City Rail Transit System and evacuates environment, integrates various evacuation guidance marks, forms figure
Piece and sound resources bank load fictitious passenger and fire Evolving data file, and interactive means of escape is arranged, it can be achieved that more
The experiment simulation of kind evacuation operating condition escape scene.Passenger passes through the escape of the mobile realization of itself in emergency circumstances.The application relates to
And platform can record the mobile data of participant in real time, and the evacuation process video record of participant is saved with the first visual angle.
(1) integrated subway virtual environment: comprising subway platform, subway concourse, train, running tunnel 1:1 completely iron hoop
Border, the details such as equipment arrangement in every place's scene are drawn according to material object, such as subway concourse gate, platform building staircase, interior seat, tunnel
Road inner orbit, service channel etc..And every means of escape equipment all has interactivity, as car door tripper, fire extinguisher make
With, call warning device etc..Facility setting and the combination of comprehensive influence factor are refined, can be used for comprehensively extracting various positions
With the evacuation behavior of passenger under operating condition.
(2) the universal machine for walking of Omini for being applied to VR game is used for subway evacuation scene, breaches space limitation, fits
Close the large space range of subway.And parameter correction is carried out to universal machine for walking, set the walking distance and practical step of virtual scene
Row distance is 1:1, ensure that the accuracy of sampling.
(3) fictitious passenger setting is introduced.Bandwagon effect is investigated by fictitious passenger of certain scale and crowd is flurried
Phenomena such as to experimenter evacuation influence.
(4) in subway VR simulation system use the online setting of more people, can be used for investigating evacuation in agreement, or by
Staff plays the part of the character with special identity that pilot etc. has a major impact in evacuation.
(5) the most comprehensively evacuation influence factor and scene composition setting, including sign for safe evacuation picture library, sound are used
Resources bank, a variety of illuminations and lighting effects, heavy luggage etc..
(6) the experimental data acquisition mode of multi-angle, including exercise data are captured and are recorded, in conjunction with heart rate tracer technique.
Heart rate test is introduced the panic of emergency evacuation for the first time to analyze, quantifies psychological condition in terms of physical signs.For the panic factor
Calibration provides scientific reliable experimental data and quantization method.Skill is tracked by videograph, exercise data output, heart rate
Art, motion information, behavioural information and psychological condition during comprehensive record passenger evacuation.By immersion virtual environment,
Pyrotechnics people synchronization simulation is compared with the movement setting of 1:1 come the method for capturing passenger evacuation behavior, obtaining evacuation model parameter
There is invention more close to truth, acquired parameter is more valuable, as a result more effectively.To the microcosmic pedestrian simulation model of calibration
Parameter, lift scheme validity have a very important significance.
(7) pyrotechnics data lead-in mode: VR system is imported using FDS simulation result, makes fire development law that there is theory
Support, and more than simple animation process.Fire and smog development are presented based on Numerical Simulation on Fire result, with truth
Under fire development rule it is identical, the fire and smoky environment of construction are more true.
(8) danger area setting is added: danger zone being arranged according to the radiation thermal change that fire develops, passenger is in danger area
Cumulative time " escapes and fails " after reaching threshold value.
(9) creation experiment front simulation teaching platform is familiar with virtual environment and interactive operation method for guiding experiment person, really
Guarantor goes on smoothly experiment.The function of multi-person synergy is realized and fictitious passenger setting realizes the breakthrough from " individual " to " group ",
Provide the new way of study population's behavior；The VR experiment porch of exploitation is capable of providing safe, inexpensive, planned and repeatable
Experimental situation.
Although the application is described above by referring to specific embodiment, one of ordinary skill in the art are answered
Work as understanding, in principle disclosed in the present application and range, many modifications can be made for configuration disclosed in the present application and details.
The protection scope of the application is determined by the attached claims, and claim is intended to technical characteristic in claim
Equivalent literal meaning or range whole modifications for being included.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system, it is characterised in that: the analogue system includes experiment porch
System, the experiment porch subsystem include data interaction unit, virtual unit unit, evacuation scene unit and evacuation resource list
Member；
The data interaction unit, for experimental factors and load fire Evolution Data to be arranged, so that participant enters void
Quasi- scene is tested, while obtaining the response data that participant faces emergency；
The virtual unit unit, true scene is experienced for the person of letting in virtual environment；
The evacuation scene unit, for constructing complete City Rail Transit System evacuation environment；
The evacuation resource unit, for constructing various exit signs, emergency evacuation lamp and broadcast resource library.
2. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the data interaction list
Member includes the end server, main control end and experiment end, and the virtual unit unit includes virtual reality device and mating wireless set
Part, universal machine for walking and heart rate measuring device.
3. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the virtual reality is set
Standby includes virtual reality glasses, operation handle and locator.
4. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the evacuation scene list
Member includes model construction and rendering module, animation rendering module, function setup module and intelligent body setting module.
5. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the model construction with
Rendering module includes the building and rendering of train, station and running tunnel model；
The animation rendering module includes enabling animation submodule, fire spreading animation submodule and flue gas diffusion submodule；
The function setup module includes car door opening submodule, alarm submodule, fire extinguishing submodule and barrier collision detection
Submodule；
The intelligent body setting module includes that intelligent body appearance setting submodule, escape route setting submodule and human behavior reaction are set
Set submodule.
6. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the evacuation resource list
Member includes evacuation picture module and evacuation audio-frequency module.
7. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the evacuation picture mould
Block includes evacuation guidance mark, direction instruction mark, apart from sign and outlet mark；
The evacuation audio-frequency module includes crowd's brouhaha submodule, evacuation broadcast submodule and switch gate sound submodule.
8. such as urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating evacuation environment includes train, station and transit tunnel.
9. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation emulation mode, it is characterised in that: described method includes following steps:
Step 1 carries out operation teaching to participant；
Step 2 selects evacuation mode, evacuation scene by the human-computer interaction interface in data interaction unit, and to broadcast, mark
Board, emergency evacuation indicator light, fictitious passenger and collision detection are configured；
Step 3, participant enter evacuation scene unit, place oneself in the midst of in the middle part of the subway train compartment travelled；
Step 4, starting emergency count reaction time of the participant under different emergency conditions, movement velocity, evacuation behavior
Feature and Path selection feature；
Step 5 is analyzed according to experimental data.
10. urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that: further include to participation
Person carries out questionnaire survey and interview, further appreciates that participant makes the mentality motivation of certain behaviors in an experiment.
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| CN110232237A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of evacuation vehicle flowrate distribution model based on traffic parent map |
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| CN110910511A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Search and rescue flow simulation and interaction system and method based on mixed reality |
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| CN113077678A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Multi-person interactive evacuation simulation system under multi-disaster coupling |
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| CN110232237B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2021-04-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Traffic basic diagram-based evacuation traffic flow distribution method |
| CN110232237A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of evacuation vehicle flowrate distribution model based on traffic parent map |
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| CN110837702A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-25 | 北京京航计算通讯研究所 | Emergency simulation system for urban underground comprehensive pipe gallery emergency |
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| CN112380678A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-19 | 上海申博信息系统工程有限公司 | Intelligent auxiliary decision-making platform and decision-making method for emergency evacuation of large passenger ship |
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| CN113077678A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Multi-person interactive evacuation simulation system under multi-disaster coupling |
| CN113743211A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-12-03 | 日立楼宇技术（广州）有限公司 | Escalator video monitoring system, method and device and storage medium |
| CN113743211B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-10-31 | 日立楼宇技术（广州）有限公司 | Staircase video monitoring system, method, device and storage medium |
| CN114065611A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 交控科技股份有限公司 | In-station passenger evacuation method and device suitable for urban rail transit |
| CN115099055A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 北京交通大学 | Simulation method and system for evacuation of fire personnel in subway station |
| CN117575109A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Method and device for predicting underground station personnel capacity in flood scene |
| CN117575109B (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method and device for predicting underground station personnel capacity in flood scene |
| CN118194727A (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-06-14 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Expressway tunnel fire evacuation research method and system considering uncertainty |
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