CN109583956A - The method and device of barter based on block chain - Google Patents
The method and device of barter based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开的实施例公开了一种基于区块链的物品交换的方法和装置。该方法可以包括：接收来自交易发起方的与物品相关联的交易请求，该交易请求包括物品的标识信息；基于物品的标识信息，从区块链账本中获得物品的物品信息；基于物品信息来评估物品以生成评估价值，并向区块链网络广播所生成的评估价值；基于接收到的评估价值信息来生成物品的参考价值，该评估价值信息包括来自多个区块链节点的多个评估价值；参与区块链网络对参考价值的共识；以及基于共识的结果，将参考价值存储在所述区块链账本中。根据本公开的实施例的方法可以增强物品交换市场的信息公开度和物品价值透明度，简化物品交换的繁琐步骤。
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and apparatus for item exchange based on blockchain. The method may include: receiving a transaction request associated with an item from a transaction initiator, the transaction request including identification information of the item; obtaining the item information of the item from the blockchain ledger based on the identification information of the item; Evaluate the item to generate an evaluation value, and broadcast the generated evaluation value to the blockchain network; generate a reference value for the item based on the received evaluation value information, which includes multiple evaluations from multiple blockchain nodes value; participate in the consensus of the blockchain network on the reference value; and store the reference value in the blockchain ledger based on the results of the consensus. The method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can enhance the information disclosure degree and the item value transparency of the item exchange market, and simplify the tedious steps of item exchange.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to the information processing technologies, more specifically to the side of the barter based on block chain
Method, device and corresponding computer readable storage medium.
Background technique
Block chain (Block Chain) technology is the peer-to-peer network based on decentralization, by Cryptography Principles and common recognition machine
System combines, and the data to ensure distributed each block chain node are coherent and continue, realize distributed account book can not distort and
The characteristics such as can not forge, thus create a set of privacy, efficiently, the distributed trust system of safety.
Article (for example, second-hand article (used car, second-hand house property etc.)) exchange (for example, article and voucher (such as
Integral, monetary assets etc.) exchange) industry, the asymmetry of information is the one of industry development big to hinder.With target transaction side
(for example, purchaser) compares, and transaction initiator (for example, the side of selling) usually grasps more letters about article than target transaction side
Breath.The opacity of market information makes transaction initiator and target transaction side all be easy to be in a disadvantageous position in process of exchange, leads
Cause the activity of barter in the market not high.In addition, the quality of article relies on the service provider (example of centralization completely
Such as, medium platform) information that provides (passes information to client for example, launching etc. by advertisement, which may be comprising false
Data) be used as foundation, service provider is often in monopoly position, once go wrong, for benefit damage side be difficult into
Row point duty.
Summary of the invention
Generally, embodiment of the disclosure provide by the method, apparatus of the barter of block chain and it is corresponding based on
Calculation machine readable storage medium storing program for executing is at least to be partially solved the above and other potential problems of the prior art.
The first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a kind of method of barter based on block chain, the method packet
It includes: receiving the transaction request associated with article from transaction initiator, wherein the transaction request includes identifying the object
The identification information of product；Based on the identification information of the article, the Item Information of the article is obtained from block chain account book；It is based on
The Item Information broadcasts estimated value generated to block chain network to assess the article to generate estimated value；
The reference value of the article is generated based on the estimated value information received, the estimated value information includes from described
Multiple estimated values of multiple block chain nodes of block chain network；The block chain network is participated in be total to the reference value
Know；And based on the common recognition as a result, the reference value is stored in the block chain account book.
In some embodiments, the Item Information includes: article trading information, article proprietary information, article damage
Information, article repair message.
In some embodiments, described before receiving the transaction request associated with article from transaction initiator
Method further include: receive the Item Information and identification information of the article, and associatedly by the Item Information and identification information
It is stored in the block chain account book.
In some embodiments, the Item Information and identification information of the article are received, and the article of the article is believed
It includes: to be stored in the Item Information of the article in chronological order that breath and identification information, which are associatedly stored in block chain account book,
In the block chain account book.
In some embodiments, based on the common recognition as a result, the reference value is stored in the block chain account book
In include: the estimated value when the first ratio in the estimated value information in the first threshold range of the reference value
When, the reference value is stored in the block chain account book, wherein first ratio and used block chain are known together
Algorithm is related.
In some embodiments, the method also includes: if the assessment of the second ratio in the estimated value information
Value is within the scope of the second threshold of the reference value of the article, then to block corresponding with the estimated value of the second ratio
Chain link point is punished, wherein the upper limit value of the second threshold range is less than lower limit value or the institute of the first threshold range
The lower limit value for stating second threshold range is greater than the upper limit value of the first threshold range.
In some embodiments, the method also includes: receive it is associated with the article from target transaction side
Inquiry request, the inquiry request include the identification information of the article；Based on the identification information of the article, from the block
The reference value of the article and/or at least part of Item Information are read in chain account book；It is sent to the target transaction side
The reference value of the article and/or at least part of Item Information.
In some embodiments, the method also includes: receive from the related to the article of the target transaction side
The transaction of connection, which strikes a bargain, requests, and the transaction conclusion of the business request includes the identification information of the article；It generates and the mesh on block chain
The corresponding transaction certificate of account of counterparty is marked, the transaction certificate is corresponding with the reference value of the article；Described
Transfer transactions are initiated in block chain network, to send the transaction certificate from transaction initiator described in the target transaction direction.
In some embodiments, the method also includes: after transfer transactions described in successful execution, based on the transfer friendship
The user information of easy Transaction Information and the target transaction side updates at least part of the Item Information of the article, and
And described at least part of the Item Information of the updated article is stored in the block chain account book, wherein institute
The described at least part for stating the Item Information of article includes the article trading information and article proprietary information of the article.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a kind of device that information processing is carried out at block chain node, described
Device includes: memory, for storing instruction；And processor, it is coupled to the memory, described instruction is by described
Processor makes described device execute the method described according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure when executing.
The third aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a kind of computer readable storage medium.The computer-readable storage medium
Matter is stored with instruction, and described instruction is for executing the method described according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Embodiment of the disclosure can use that block chain is open and clear traceable, simplifies the tedious steps of barter, increases
The information openness and Item Value transparency in strong barter market, and it has been very suitable to multiple centralization service providers
The scene vied each other efficiently solves the problems, such as the monopolization of service provider.
Detailed description of the invention
Now embodiment of the disclosure will be described with reference to appended attached drawing only by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, phase
Same or similar attached drawing mark indicates the same or similar element, in which:
Fig. 1 is shown in which that the schematic diagram of the exemplary block chain network 100 of the embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented；
Fig. 2 shows the processes according to the illustrative methods 200 of the barter based on block chain of the embodiment of the present disclosure
Figure；And
Fig. 3 shows the signal of the exemplary means 300 of the barter based on block chain according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
Figure.
Fig. 4 shows the specific example 400 of the barter based on block chain according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 shows the exemplary flow 500 updated according to the Item Information of the example 400 of Fig. 4.
Specific embodiment
Now embodiment of the disclosure is specifically described in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be noted that similar in attached drawing
Component or functional unit may use same number mark.Appended attached drawing is intended only to illustrate embodiment of the disclosure.
The reality that those skilled in the art can be substituted from the description below on the basis of without departing from disclosure spirit and scope
Apply mode.
Term as used herein "include", "comprise" and similar terms are understood to open term, i.e.,
" including/including but not limited to ", expression can also include other contents.Term "based" is " being based at least partially on ".Term
" one embodiment " expression " at least one embodiment "；Term " another embodiment " expression " at least one other embodiment ",
Etc..Word " exemplary " expression " serving as example, example or illustration " is used herein.Described herein as " exemplary "
Any embodiment be all not necessarily construed to for other embodiments be preferred or advantageous.
Term " article " in the disclosure, which can refer in economic activity, is related to flowable materials data.For example, object
Product can include but is not limited to: proficiency or used car, house property, electronic equipment etc..
Term " Item Information " in the disclosure can indicate the information about article.For example, Item Information may include
But it is not limited to: article trading information, article proprietary information, article damage information, article repair message.
Technology, method and apparatus known to person of ordinary skill in the relevant may be not discussed in detail, but suitable
In the case of, the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as part of specification.For between each unit in attached drawing
Line, it is only for convenient for explanation, indicate that the unit at least line both ends is in communication with each other, it is not intended that limitation does not connect
It can not be communicated between the unit of line.
As previously mentioned, the asymmetry of market information hinders the development of barter industry, the work of barter is influenced
Jerk, the information that the service provider that the quality of article relies on centralization completely provides is as foundation, and service provider is often
In monopoly position, once going wrong, benefit damage side is difficult to carry out a point duty.In view of this, embodiment of the disclosure
A kind of solution of barter based on block chain is provided, using the traceable of block chain and can not distort, simplify object
The tedious steps of product exchange, enhance the information openness and Item Value transparency of article swap meet.
Fig. 1 is shown in which that the schematic diagram of the exemplary block chain network 100 of the embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented.Block chain
Network 100 includes multiple block chain nodes 101,102,103,104.Since block chain technology has decentralization, distributed
Characteristic, each block chain node can intercourse information by various communication medias.User can be by (for example, client or answer
With routine interface) access block chain link point 101-104 in several block chain nodes initiate transaction, when transaction reaches a fixed number
After amount or time-out, one or more transaction is packaged into block and is sent to block chain node.Furthermore, it is possible in each block chain
The management operation of intelligent contract is executed at node 101-104, intelligent contract installs and deploys, so that transaction is to pass through
Intelligent contract is called to realize.In addition, the quantity of the block chain node in Fig. 1 is only signal rather than limits, it can be and appoint
Meaning quantity, the block chain network 100 can also include the block chain node of various other types.Preferably, block chain network 100
It is alliance's chain, each node participates in Maintenance Association chain network in alliance's chain, and alliance's chain network is an extensive improvement community,
But also allow under extensive community that there are multiple and different small collectives.Each node of alliance's chain usually has corresponding reality
Body tissue, by that could be added and exit network after authorization, each mechanism forms the relevant alliance of interests, common to safeguard block chain
Health operating.Lower operation cost and maintenance can be used in alliance's chain, and transactions velocity also improves many than publicly-owned chain, multiple
Multicenter is in the weak center of coalition formation, has higher confidence level than privately owned chain, has been very suitable to multiple centralizations
Enterprise's scene that mechanism vies each other, by using alliance's chain technology, each common recognition node is equality, efficiently solves ridge
Disconnected problem.
Fig. 2 shows the processes according to the method 200 of the barter based on block chain of the embodiment of the present disclosure.It can be by
The block chain node of the block chain network 100 of Fig. 1 executes method 200, and method 200 is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Such as
Shown in flow chart, method 200 the following steps are included:
Step 201: receiving the transaction request associated with article from transaction initiator, wherein the transaction request packet
Include the identification information for identifying the article.For example, (being provided for example, the node can correspond to transactional services in block chain node 101
Side's (for example, medium platform etc.)) at, transaction request (example associated with article is received from transaction initiator (for example, the side of selling)
Such as, article is sold in the side's of selling request), wherein the transaction request includes the identification information for identifying the article.For example, identification information
Article, the place of production, manufacturer, the model of article etc. can be uniquely identified.
Step 202: the identification information based on the article obtains the Item Information of the article from block chain account book.For example,
At block chain node 101, when the information cochain of article, it can be obtained from block chain account book opposite with identification information
The Item Information answered.
Step 203: assessing the article based on Item Information to generate estimated value, and give birth to the broadcast of block chain network
At estimated value.In this step, a transactional services provider can assess article to generate estimated value, and will give birth to
At estimated value broadcast to block chain network, so as to other transactional services providers can obtain its offer assessment valence
Value.For example, can based in Item Information at least part (for example, as described below one of Item Information or
Much information) assess the article to generate estimated value,
Step 204: the reference value of the article is generated based on the estimated value information received, the estimated value information
Multiple estimated values including multiple block chain nodes from the block chain network.For example, can be connect from block chain network
Multiple estimated values of multiple block chain nodes (for example, corresponding to multiple transactional services providers) are received, it can be more based on this
A estimated value generates the reference value of the article.For example, the average value of multiple estimated value can be generated, (or weighting is flat
Mean value) using the reference value as the article.In addition it is also possible to which being based on multiple estimated value using other way carrys out the object
The reference value of product.In this step, when participated in jointly by multiple block chain nodes generate reference value when, can to avoid by
Determination of the single block chain node (for example, corresponding to single transactional services provider) to Item Value, can more reasonably mention
For the reference value of article, and break the monopolization to reference value of single block chain node.
Step 205: participating in the block chain network to the common recognition of the reference value.For example, block chain node 101 is participated in this
The common recognition of reference value, wherein any common recognition algorithm can be used, including but not limited to: PBFT (Byzantine failure tolerance), DPoS
(commission equity proves) etc..
Step 206: based on common recognition as a result, the reference value is stored in block chain account book.Further, it is also possible to periodically
Ground generates the reference value of the article based on the estimated value information received, to refresh reference value, and participates in the block
The reference value of the refreshing is stored in block chain based on the result of common recognition to the common recognition of the reference value of the refreshing by chain network
In account book.
In some embodiments, which can have various information, including but not limited to article trading information, object
Product ownership information, article damage information, article repair message.For example, article trading information can indicate the transaction with article
The information such as (for example, dealing etc.) related information, such as both parties' information, trade date, transaction value.For example, article institute
Information of having the right can indicate the information of article ownership transfer, such as the information such as current owners, previous owner of article.
For example, article damage information can indicate the related information of the damage with article, such as damage event, place, time, impaired position
It sets, the information such as severity.For example, article repair message can indicate the related information of the maintenance with article, such as article
Maintenance, the repairing of article part and replacement information etc..In addition, Item Information can also include various other letters relevant to article
Breath.
In some embodiments, before step 201, method 200 can also include: receive the article Item Information and
Identification information, and Item Information and identification information are associatedly stored in block chain account book.In this step, by by complete
Item Information cochain is made Item Information become data trusty by net entity authentication, and the whole network participates in common book keeping operation system
It can effectively solve due to information asymmetry bring centralization industry barrier and monopolization.It is possible to further by the object of article
Product information is stored in chronological order in the block chain account book.It is in the further step, Item Information is temporally suitable
Sequence is stored in the block chain account book, is conducive to the inquiry to Item Information.For example, information is damaged for article, it can be by
The time sequencing occurred according to damage event is stored in block chain account book.
In some embodiments, step 206 may include: the estimated value when the first ratio in the estimated value information
When in the first threshold range of the reference value, which is stored in block chain account book, wherein the first ratio with
Used block chain common recognition algorithm is related.For example, being more than the block chain link of the whole network 2/3 when using PBFT common recognition algorithm
The estimated value that provides of point reference value first threshold range (for example, the 90%-110% range of reference value, that is, float
When within 10%), which is stored in block chain account book.In this step, which is stored in area
Using the market value as transaction initiator and target transaction side's inquiry article in block chain account book.
In some embodiments, if step 206 can also include: the assessment of the second ratio in the estimated value information
Value is within the scope of the second threshold of the reference value of the article, then to block chain corresponding with the estimated value of the second ratio
Node is punished, wherein the upper limit value of second threshold range is less than the lower limit value or second threshold range of first threshold range
Lower limit value be greater than first threshold range upper limit value.In this step, if there is maliciously dragging down market value or drive up
Market value block chain node (for example, if the estimated value provided reference value second threshold range (for example, ginseng
Examine the 0-45% range or 155% range above of value) within), then such block chain link point is punished (for example, can be with
It is the punishment for carrying out imposing a fine to service provider corresponding to block chain node etc).For example, in 100 block chain nodes
The estimated value that provides of 20% (that is, second ratio, correspond to 20) block chain node within the scope of second threshold, wherein
The upper limit value of second threshold range is less than the lower limit value of first threshold range or the lower limit value of second threshold range is greater than the first threshold
It is worth the upper limit value of range, then 20 block chain link points is punished.
In some embodiments, method 200 can also include: receive from target transaction side with the article phase that has intention
Associated inquiry request, the inquiry request include the identification information of the article；Identification information based on the article, from block chain account
The reference value of the article and/or at least part of Item Information are read in this；The ginseng of the article is sent to target transaction side
Examine at least part of value and/or Item Information.In this step, target transaction side (for example, purchaser) can pass through example
API (application programming interfaces) as open inquires the newest market value of the article, or inquires the Item Information (example of the article
Such as, article trading information (obtain historical trading value), article proprietary information, article damage information, article repair message
Deng).Similarly, transaction initiator can carry out similar inquiry for example, by open API.Accordingly, with respect to the article of article
Information and market value are open and transparent for both parties.
In some embodiments, method 200 can also include: that reception is associated with the article from target transaction side
Transaction, which strikes a bargain, requests, and transaction conclusion of the business request includes the identification information of the article；It generates and target transaction side on block chain
The corresponding transaction certificate of account, the transaction certificate are corresponding with the reference value of the article；It initiates to turn in block chain network
It transfers easily, to send the transaction certificate from target transaction direction transaction initiator.It in this step, can be by block chain
Transfer transactions are initiated to realize the exchange of article so that transaction initiator obtained from target transaction side it is corresponding with conclusion of the business article
Transaction certificate (e.g., including but be not limited to integral, monetary assets etc.).
In some embodiments, method 200 can also include: and be handed over after the successful execution transfer transactions based on the transfer
The user information of easy Transaction Information and target transaction side updates at least part of the Item Information of the article, and will be through
At least part of the Item Information of the article updated is stored in block chain account book, wherein the Item Information of the article
At least part includes the article trading information and article proprietary information of the article.In this step, it is shifted in successful execution
After transaction, the Item Information of the more new article on block chain is needed, for example, it is all to record new article trading information, article
Weigh information.For example, new article trading information may include both parties' information, trade date, the settlement price of the transfer transactions
Value etc..For example, new article proprietary information may include the target transaction side of article as current owners, the transaction of article
Initiator is as previous owner, so that forming an irrevocable ownership chain.
The embodiment described according to fig. 2 provides the solution of the barter based on block chain, solution tool
It has the following advantages: by Item Information cochain, so that Item Information is become data trusty, effectively solve due to information asymmetry band
The centralization industry barrier and monopolization come enhance the information openness and Item Value transparency of article swap meet, improve object
The liveness of product exchange, simplifies the tedious steps of barter.
Fig. 3 shows the signal of the exemplary means 300 of the barter based on block chain according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
Figure.Device 300 may include: memory 301 and the processor 302 for being coupled to memory 301.Memory 301 refers to for storing
It enables, processor 302 is configured as the instruction stored based on memory 301 realize device 300 for embodiment of the present disclosure institute
One or more of any step in the step of method (for example, method 200 of Fig. 2) of description.
As shown in figure 3, device 300 can also include communication interface 303, for carrying out information exchange with other equipment.This
Outside, device 300 can also include bus 304, and memory 301, processor 302 and communication interface 303 are by bus 304 come each other
It is communicated.
Memory 301 may include volatile memory, also may include nonvolatile memory.Processor 302 can be with
It is central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field-programmable
Gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device or the one or more collection for being configured as realization the embodiment of the present invention
At circuit.
Fig. 4 shows the specific example block chain network according to the barter based on block chain of the embodiment of the present disclosure
400, and using used car as article example.Current Second-hand Vehicle Transaction platform is numerous, and the management in market is very chaotic, fills
Denounce each series advertisements, and not high to the relevant transparency information of transaction, the quality of used car relies in centralization completely
The information that Jie's platform provides is as foundation, once going wrong, benefit damage side is difficult to carry out a point duty.Example 400 proposes
A kind of Second-hand Vehicle Transaction scheme based on alliance's chain, decentralization, in the example 400, alliance's chain network has management section
Point 401-405 and ordinary node 411-413, wherein each management node can be corresponding to transactional services provider (for example,
Medium platform) block chain node, each ordinary node can be correspond to transaction initiator (for example, the side of selling) or target hand over
The block chain node of Yi Fang (for example, purchaser).
For each management node in management node 401-405, the information of vehicles and identification information of vehicle can receive,
And information of vehicles and identification information are associatedly stored in block chain account book.For example, each automobile is going out for vehicle
VIN code (Vehicle Identification Number) is had when factory, can be used as the mark letter of unique identification this automobile
Breath, furthermore all spare and accessory parts of automobile may have corresponding identification information.Information of vehicles may include such as vehicle transaction
Information, vehicle ownership modification information (or vehicle ownership information), vehicle damage information (or for vehicle history accident believe
Breath), vehicle maintenance information etc..For example, vehicle Transaction Information may include transaction record of the vehicle from trading first time, such as
The information such as both parties' information, trade date, transaction value, and when oneself transaction for the first time of each vehicle, each ownership
Modification information will record in block chain account book, such as the transfer information of vehicle forms an ownership chain and irrevocable,
So that vehicle ownership modification information confidence level is higher.Vehicle history accident information cochain in chronological order, records accident
Event, place, damaged vehicle position, severity (such as tetra- grades of A, B, C, D can be divided into), with mileage travelled number, peace
Vehicle maintenance information of the replacement of full air bag, spare and accessory parts etc etc. records cochain as the historical archives of vehicle.In addition, used car
Reference value setting participate in setting jointly by the management node in alliance's chain, a specific example may is that every 60 minutes
The management node of the whole network carries out primary common ballot setting to the price of vehicle, when being more than the whole network 2/3 (for example, when using PBFT
Know together algorithm when) the estimated value that provides of node float when within 10%, management node will calculate all nodes to bid
The average of lattice and packing is recorded in block, as the market value for inquiring second-hand vehicle for dealing side.If there is malice
The node for dragging down price or pushing up price, (such as be specially the price that provides above or below finally achieving common recognition price
55%), then such node will pay for.
For the ordinary node 411-413 (such as purchaser) in alliance's chain, following operation can be executed: by open
API inquires the newest market value or newest transaction value of current used car；And intention two can be inquired by open API
The historical archives information of handcart, including but not limited to vehicle ownership information, vehicle damage information, vehicle maintenance information etc..
For the ordinary node 411-413 (such as the side of selling) in alliance's chain, following operation can be executed: by open
API inquires the newest market value or newest transaction value of current used car；When needing to sell used car, broadcast request is to entirely
In the management node of net, management node generates reference value upon receiving the request, for the used car, and reference value is deposited
It stores up in block chain account book；When successfully completing transaction, management node modifies a part of the information of vehicles of the vehicle (for example, vehicle
Transaction Information and vehicle ownership information).
Fig. 5 shows the exemplary flow 500 updated according to the Item Information of the example 400 of Fig. 4.In the exemplary flow
In 500, such as used car has VIN code abcde123, it is assumed that A is the side of selling, and B is purchaser, is successfully completing bargain transaction
Later, the ownership information of the vehicle will be registered as A- > B, that is, be stored in block chain account book (such as block 2001).Assuming that
Subsequent B is the side of selling, then the used car is resell and gives purchaser C, then the information of ownership will be registered as A- > B- > C, that is, deposit
Storage is in block chain account book (such as block 2002), and so on.
According to the example of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the solution of the used car exchange based on block chain, the solution are provided
It has the advantages that used car information cochain, used car information is made to become data trusty, effectively solve due to information not
Symmetrical bring centralization industry barrier and monopolization, information openness and the Item Value for enhancing used car swap meet are transparent
Degree improves the liveness of used car exchange, simplifies the tedious steps of used car exchange.
In addition, alternatively, the method for the above-mentioned barter based on block chain can be by computer program product, i.e.,
Tangible computer readable storage medium embodies.Computer program product may include computer readable storage medium, thereon
It is loaded with the computer-readable program instructions of the various aspects for executing the embodiment of the present disclosure.Computer readable storage medium can be with
It is the tangible device that can keep and store the instruction used by instruction execution equipment.Computer readable storage medium for example can be with
Be but not limited to storage device electric, magnetic storage apparatus, light storage device, electric magnetic storage apparatus, semiconductor memory apparatus or on
Any appropriate combination stated.The more specific example (non exhaustive list) of computer readable storage medium includes: portable
Computer disks, hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory
(EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), Portable compressed disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), number are more
Functional disc (DVD), memory stick, floppy disk, mechanical coding equipment, the punch card for being for example stored thereon with instruction or groove internal projection knot
Structure and above-mentioned any appropriate combination.Computer readable storage medium used herein above is not interpreted instantaneous signal
Itself, such as electromagnetic wave of radio wave or other Free propagations, the electromagnetic wave propagated by waveguide or other transmission mediums
(for example, the light pulse for passing through fiber optic cables) or the electric signal transmitted by electric wire.
The foregoing is merely the alternative embodiments of the disclosure, are not limited to embodiment of the disclosure, for this field
Technical staff for, embodiment of the disclosure can have various modifications and variations.It is all embodiment of the disclosure spirit and
Within principle, made any modification, equivalence replacement, improvement etc., should be included in embodiment of the disclosure protection scope it
It is interior.In addition, although may about one in several embodiments come disclose embodiment special characteristic or in terms of, can be with
One or more of the other features or aspect of this features or aspect and other embodiment are combined, this is because its is right
It is expectation for any given or specific application and advantageous.
Although describing embodiment of the disclosure by reference to several specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that, the disclosure
Embodiment is not limited to disclosed specific embodiment.Embodiment of the disclosure be intended to cover appended claims spirit and
Included various modifications and equivalent arrangements in range.Scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation, thus comprising
All such modifications and equivalent structure and function.
Claims (19)
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