CN109541361B - Public transformer low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device and method - Google Patents
Public transformer low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention provides a public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device and a public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning method, wherein the public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device comprises a main control module and a plurality of branch modules, the main control module is used for collecting line information of a main line and polling and reading line information of each branch line, the branch modules are used for collecting line information of each branch line respectively, and the main control module and the branch modules comprise: the puncture current transformer is used for collecting line current and voltage signals; the sampling unit is used for acquiring line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data; the main control unit is used for controlling the sampling unit to sample, calculating line power according to the sampling data, calculating current increment when current is suddenly changed, judging whether the current increment and the line power exceed set thresholds, and sending alarm information through the communication unit if the current increment and the line power exceed the set thresholds. The invention realizes the acquisition of line voltage, current and high-frequency components thereof and reliably provides load overload early warning information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a device and a method for early warning heavy load of branch loads at a low-voltage side of a public transformer.
Background
The power grid at the low-voltage side of the public transformer has a complex structure, large load change and frequent faults, seriously disturbs normal power supply and causes larger economic loss. Recently, the collection device installed on the line can collect the effective value of the load current of the line more reliably, form a load curve according to the designated time interval, and obtain the time distribution of the load through analysis of the curve. The method is visual and reliable, and for a specific heavy-load line, the method based on the effective value judgment is difficult to determine the specific moment of the abrupt change of the load current, and the monitoring of the change rate of the current is difficult to realize. In addition, because the increasing instantaneous value of the load current often exceeds the effective measurement range of the measurement transformer, the acquisition of the large current is inaccurate, so that the actual current at the moment of heavy load cannot be effectively reflected, and the subsequent data analysis is plagued.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a device and a method for carrying out heavy load early warning on branch loads of a public transformer low-voltage side so as to realize real-time monitoring and early warning on the loads and provide reliable data support and heavy load early warning for safe operation of a low-voltage side power grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device, which comprises a main control module and a plurality of branch modules, wherein the main control module is used for collecting line information of a main line and polling and reading line information of each branch line, the branch modules are used for respectively collecting the line information of each branch line, and the main control module and the branch modules both comprise:
the puncture current transformer is used for collecting line current and voltage signals;
the sampling unit is used for acquiring line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
The main control unit is used for controlling the sampling unit to sample, calculating line power according to the sampling data, calculating current increment when current is suddenly changed, judging whether the current increment and the line power exceed set thresholds, and sending alarm information through the communication unit if the current increment and the line power exceed the set thresholds.
The puncture current transformer is of an open-close structure, the magnetic core material is permalloy with high magnetic permeability, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 2800T, and the initial relative magnetic permeability after installation is not lower than 6000.
The puncture current transformer comprises a puncture current transformer, wherein a puncture screw is arranged on one side of the puncture current transformer and used for puncturing a wire insulation layer to be communicated with a wire core wire, the puncture screw is of a composite structure, the upper part of the puncture screw is a threaded rod, and a stainless steel sharp needle is fixed at the lower end of the threaded rod.
The sampling unit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a second-order Sallen-Key filter and an AD sampling chip, wherein output signals of the voltage sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit and the second-order Sallen-Key filter are input to the AD sampling chip.
The voltage sampling circuit is specifically a high-precision resistor voltage divider with a voltage division ratio of 2000, the current sampling circuit comprises a current-voltage converter and a differential amplifier, and an output signal of the differential amplifier is input to the second-order Sallen-Key filter.
The first resistor and the second resistor are connected to the positive input end of the differential amplifier, the third resistor is connected to the reverse input end of the differential amplifier, and the fourth resistor is connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the differential amplifier.
The second-order Sallen-Key filter comprises a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a corresponding resistor and a capacitor, wherein a sixth resistor is connected to the positive input end of the first operational amplifier, an eleventh resistor is connected between the negative input end and the output end of the first operational amplifier, and the first operational amplifier, the sixth resistor and the eleventh resistor are used as buffer input stages of the second-order Sallen-Key filter together; the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the seventh resistor are sequentially connected in series and then are connected to the positive input end of the second operational amplifier, one end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, one end of the ninth resistor is grounded, the other end of the ninth resistor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, one end of the tenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the tenth resistor is connected between the seventh resistor and the second capacitor, the twelfth resistor is connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier, one end of the thirteenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the reverse input end of the second operational amplifier, and the eighth resistor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier.
The output signal of the differential amplifier is input to the same-direction input end of the first operational amplifier through the sixth resistor, and the output signal of the second operational amplifier is output to the AD sampling chip.
The main control module further comprises a power supply module, the power supply module further comprises an AC/DC controller, a battery charging and discharging circuit and a battery, the AC/DC controller converts a line power obtained through puncture into a 12V direct current power supply, 3.3V is output through voltage reduction to serve as a working power supply of the main control unit and the peripheral equipment of the main control unit, and the charging and discharging management circuit charges a backup battery under the control of the main control unit.
The branch module further comprises a DC/DC conversion module, and the DC/DC conversion module is used for converting the 12V power supply of the main control module into the working power supply of the branch module, and plays a role in safety isolation.
The invention also provides a public low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, starting sampling to acquire line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
Step S2, calculating to obtain a current high-frequency component according to the high-frequency current sampling data, and calculating line power according to the output signal of the voltage sampling circuit and the output signal of the current sampling circuit;
Step S3, judging whether the high-frequency component of the current exceeds a first set threshold value, if so, determining that the current is suddenly changed, and further calculating the current increment;
And S4, judging whether the calculated current increment exceeds a second set threshold value and whether the line power exceeds a third set threshold value, and sending alarm information when any one of the current increment and the line power exceeds the set threshold value.
The current increment is calculated by the following steps: from the duration t of the abrupt change, the current increment Δqt= ≡idt is calculated by integrating the current I over time t.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the real-time acquisition of line voltage and current, the real-time calculation of line load and the acquisition of high-frequency components in current signals are realized, and load overload early warning information is reliably provided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a branch load overload early warning device at a low-voltage side of a public transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control module and a branch module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a puncture screw according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the current sampling circuit and the second-order Sallen-Key filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for early warning of load overload of a branch on a low-voltage side of a public transformer according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device, which includes a main control module 1 and a plurality of branch modules 2, wherein the main control module 1 is configured to collect line information of a main line and poll and read line information of each branch line, the branch modules 2 are configured to collect line information of each branch line, and the main control module 1 and the branch modules 2 each include:
The puncture current transformer 3 is used for collecting line current and voltage signals;
the sampling unit 4 is used for acquiring line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
the main control unit 5 controls the sampling unit 4 to sample, calculates line power according to the sampling data, calculates current increment when current suddenly changes, judges whether the current increment and the line power exceed set thresholds, and sends alarm information through the communication unit 6 if the current increment and the line power exceed the set thresholds.
Specifically, the puncture current transformer 3 in this embodiment has an open-close structure, the magnetic core material is permalloy with high magnetic permeability, the number of turns of the secondary coil 2800T is 285.71mA, the output current of the circuit current 800A is 285.71mA, and the end face of the permalloy with high magnetic permeability is ground after cutting, so that the initial relative magnetic permeability of the permalloy after installation is not lower than 6000, and the precision of the puncture current transformer at low current is not lower than 0.5%. A puncture screw is arranged on one side of the puncture current transformer 3 and used for puncturing the insulation layer of the wire so as to be communicated with the core wire of the wire. As shown in fig. 3, the puncture screw 30 has a composite structure, the upper part of the puncture screw is a copper threaded rod 31, the outer diameter of the puncture screw is 8mm, the tooth distance of the puncture screw is 1mm, and a stainless steel sharp needle 32 is fixed at the lower end of the threaded rod 31. The puncture current transformer 3 outputs voltage and current analog signals, the voltage value is the phase voltage of a line, and the current is 2800 of the line current: 1 (i.e. the transformation ratio of the puncture current transformer).
The sampling unit 4 comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a second-order Sallen-Key filter and an AD sampling chip. The voltage sampling circuit is specifically a high-precision resistor voltage divider with a voltage division ratio of 2000. The current sampling circuit comprises a current-voltage converter and a differential amplifier. Referring to fig. 4 again, the differential amplifier U1 is OPA349, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected to the positive input terminal of U1, the third resistor R3 is connected to the negative input terminal of U1, and the fourth resistor R4 is connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of U1. The second-order Sallen-Key filter comprises a first operational amplifier U2, a second operational amplifier U3, a corresponding resistor and a corresponding capacitor, wherein a sixth resistor R6 is connected to the positive input end of the U2, an eleventh resistor R11 is connected between the negative input end and the output end of the U2, and the U2, the R6 and the R11 are jointly used as a buffer input stage of the second-order Sallen-Key filter; the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the seventh resistor R7 are sequentially connected in series and then are connected to the positive input end of the U3, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the U3, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, one end of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded, the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, one end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected between the seventh resistor R7 and the second capacitor C2, the twelfth resistor R12 is connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the U3, one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is grounded, the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the reverse input end of the U3, the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the output end of the U3, and the models of U2 and U3 are OPA349. The second-order Sallen-Key filter has the gain of: (1+R12/R13). The output signal ad_i of U1 is input to the unidirectional input terminal of U2 via the sixth resistor R6, and the output signal AD i_sa of U3 is output to the AD sampling chip. The communication interface of AD sampling chip and master control unit MCU is SPI, and control signal includes: and sampling the trigger pulse to finish the terminal signal.
The working flow and principle of the public low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
Firstly, powering up and initializing;
Then the main control unit 5 starts the AD sampling chip for sampling, and respectively reads the output signal of the voltage sampling circuit, the output signal of the current sampling circuit and the output signal of the second-order Sallen-Key filter, and the output signal of the second-order Sallen-Key filter is a high-frequency component in the current, so that the current high-frequency component can be obtained through effective value calculation for judging whether the current has abrupt change or not subsequently; the effective value of the current high-frequency component is calculated by the following steps:
Wherein i m is a sampling value, m is a sampling sequence number, and N is the total number of samples;
The main control unit 5 calculates line power according to the output signal of the voltage sampling circuit and the output signal of the current sampling circuit;
The main control unit 5 judges whether the high-frequency component of the current exceeds a first set threshold value, if so, the current is determined to be suddenly changed, and the current increment is further calculated; the current increment is calculated by the following steps: according to the abrupt duration t, calculating a current increment delta Qt= [ pi ] Idt through the integral of the current I over the time t;
The main control unit 5 respectively judges whether the calculated current increment exceeds a second set threshold value and whether the line power exceeds a third set threshold value, and when any one of the current increment and the line power exceeds the set threshold value, alarm information is sent out.
It should be noted that, as described above, the main control module 1 and the branch module 2 each have the puncture current transformer 3, the sampling unit 4, and the main control unit 5, so that the main control module 1 can determine whether the current of the main circuit where the main control module is located is suddenly changed, whether the current increment exceeds the second set threshold value, and whether the line power exceeds the third set threshold value, and the branch module 2 can also determine whether the current of the branch circuit where the main control module is located is suddenly changed, whether the current increment exceeds the second set threshold value, and whether the line power exceeds the third set threshold value. One difference between the main control module 1 and the branch module 2 is that the main control module 1 polls and reads the line information (such as alarm information) of each branch line and then alarms to the main station, and the communication unit 6 of the branch module 2 is specifically a high-speed RS485 interface. The other difference between the main control module 1 and the branch module 2 is that the main control module 1 is provided with a power supply module, the power supply module comprises an AC/DC controller, a battery charging and discharging circuit and a battery, the AC/DC controller converts a line power obtained by puncture into a 12V direct current power supply, 3.3V is output through depressurization and is used as a working power supply of the main control unit 5 and the peripheral equipment thereof, and the charging and discharging management circuit charges a backup battery under the control of the main control unit 5, and when an external power supply is powered down, the backup battery is automatically connected, so that the timely storage of data and the reporting of events are ensured; the branch module 2 is provided with a DC/DC conversion module for converting the 12V power supply of the main control module 1 into the working power supply of the branch module 2, and plays a role in safety isolation.
Corresponding to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the second embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for early warning of load reloading on a branch of a low-voltage side of a public transformer, including:
step S1, starting sampling to acquire line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
Step S2, calculating to obtain a current high-frequency component according to the high-frequency current sampling data, and calculating line power according to the output signal of the voltage sampling circuit and the output signal of the current sampling circuit;
Step S3, judging whether the high-frequency component of the current exceeds a first set threshold value, if so, determining that the current is suddenly changed, and further calculating the current increment;
And S4, judging whether the calculated current increment exceeds a second set threshold value and whether the line power exceeds a third set threshold value, and sending alarm information when any one of the current increment and the line power exceeds the set threshold value.
The current increment is calculated by the following steps: from the duration t of the abrupt change, the current increment Δqt= ≡idt is calculated by integrating the current I over time t.
According to the above description, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the real-time acquisition of line voltage and current is realized, the real-time calculation of line load is realized, the high-frequency component in the current signal is acquired, and the load overload early warning information is reliably provided.
The foregoing disclosure is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a public low-voltage side branch load heavy load early warning device which characterized in that, includes main control module and a plurality of branch module, main control module is used for gathering the circuit information of main line and polls the circuit information of reading each branch line, branch module is used for gathering the circuit information of each branch line respectively, main control module with branch module all includes:
the puncture current transformer is used for collecting line current and voltage signals;
The sampling unit is used for acquiring line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
The main control unit is used for controlling the sampling unit to sample, calculating line power according to sampling data of line real-time voltage and current, calculating current high-frequency components according to high-frequency current sampling data, judging whether the current high-frequency components exceed a first set threshold value, determining that current is suddenly changed if the current high-frequency components exceed the first set threshold value, calculating current increment when the current suddenly changed, judging whether any one of the current increment and the line power exceeds the set threshold value, and sending alarm information through the communication unit if the current increment and the line power exceed the set threshold value; the current increment is calculated by the following steps: from the duration t of the abrupt change, the current increment is calculated by integrating the current I over time t 。
2. The public low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device according to claim 1, wherein the puncture current transformer is of an open-close structure, the magnetic core material is permalloy with high magnetic permeability, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 2800T, and the initial relative magnetic permeability after installation is not lower than 6000.
3. The public low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device according to claim 1, wherein a puncture screw is arranged on one side of the puncture current transformer and used for puncturing a wire insulation layer to connect a wire core wire, the puncture screw is of a composite structure, the upper part of the puncture screw is a threaded rod, and a stainless steel sharp needle is fixed at the lower end of the threaded rod.
4. The public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device according to claim 1, wherein the sampling unit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a second-order Sallen-Key filter and an AD sampling chip, and an output signal of the current sampling circuit is input to the second-order Sallen-Key filter for processing and then is input to the AD sampling chip.
5. The public low-voltage side branch load overload early warning device according to claim 4, wherein the voltage sampling circuit is specifically a high-precision resistor voltage divider with a voltage division ratio of 2000, the current sampling circuit comprises a current-voltage converter and a differential amplifier, and an output signal of the differential amplifier is input to the second-order Sallen-Key filter.
6. The device for early warning of load reloading on a branch on a high-low voltage side of a public transformer according to claim 5, wherein the current-voltage converter comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, one end of the first resistor is grounded, the other end of the first resistor is connected between the second resistor and a positive input end of the differential amplifier, the third resistor is connected to a negative input end of the differential amplifier, and the fourth resistor is connected between the negative input end and an output end of the differential amplifier.
7. The public low voltage side branch load reload warning device according to claim 6, wherein the second order Sallen-Key filter comprises a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor and a thirteenth resistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor, wherein the sixth resistor is connected to a positive input end of the first operational amplifier, the eleventh resistor is connected between a reverse input end and an output end of the first operational amplifier, and the first operational amplifier, the sixth resistor and the eleventh resistor are used together as a buffer input stage of the second order Sallen-Key filter; the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the seventh resistor are sequentially connected in series and then are connected to the positive input end of the second operational amplifier, the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the output end of the first operational amplifier, one end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, one end of the ninth resistor is grounded, the other end of the ninth resistor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, one end of the tenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the tenth resistor is connected between the seventh resistor and the second capacitor, the twelfth resistor is connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier, one end of the thirteenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the reverse input end of the second operational amplifier, and the eighth resistor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier; and the output signal of the differential amplifier is input into the positive input end of the first operational amplifier through the sixth resistor, and the output signal of the second operational amplifier is output to the AD sampling chip.
8. The public low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device according to claim 1, wherein the main control module further comprises a power supply module, the power supply module further comprises an AC/DC controller, a battery charging and discharging circuit and a battery, the AC/DC controller converts a line power obtained by puncture into a 12V direct current power supply, 3.3V is output through voltage reduction to serve as a working power supply of the main control unit, and the battery charging and discharging circuit charges the battery under the control of the main control unit.
9. The device for early warning of the overload of the branch load on the low-voltage side of the public transformer according to claim 8, wherein the branch module further comprises a DC/DC conversion module for converting the 12V direct current power supply of the main control module into the working power supply of the branch module, and meanwhile, the device plays a role in safety isolation.
10. The utility model provides a public low-voltage side branch load heavy load early warning method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1, starting sampling to acquire line real-time voltage, current and high-frequency current sampling data;
Step S2, calculating to obtain a current high-frequency component according to the high-frequency current sampling data, and calculating line power according to the output signal of the voltage sampling circuit and the output signal of the current sampling circuit;
Step S3, judging whether the high-frequency component of the current exceeds a first set threshold value, if so, determining that the current is suddenly changed, and further calculating the current increment; the current increment is calculated by the following steps: from the duration t of the abrupt change, the current increment is calculated by integrating the current I over time t ；
And S4, judging whether the calculated current increment exceeds a second set threshold value and whether the line power exceeds a third set threshold value, and sending alarm information when any one of the current increment and the line power exceeds the set threshold value.
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| CN201811621554.8A CN109541361B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Public transformer low-voltage side branch load heavy-load early warning device and method |
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| CN112213553B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-07-22 | 国网河北省电力有限公司 | Device for measuring current |
| CN113973237A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-25 | 国网湖北综合能源服务有限公司 | Non-embedded Internet of things sensing terminal and application method thereof |
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