CN109531771B

CN109531771B - Equipment and method for preparing building structure based on 3D printing

Info

Publication number: CN109531771B
Application number: CN201811497996.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王振地; 王玲; 赵霞
Original assignee: China Building Materials Academy CBMA
Current assignee: China Building Materials Academy CBMA
Priority date: 2018-12-07
Filing date: 2018-12-07
Publication date: 2020-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-07
Also published as: EP3885088B1; CN109531771A; US11440217B2; WO2020113907A1; US20200391409A1; EP3885088A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, wherein the device comprises the following steps: 3D printing device, arrangement of reinforcement device. The 3D printing device is provided with a storage cavity and a spray head which is connected with the storage cavity and can move relative to the base frame; the reinforcement device is movably arranged relative to the base frame; the driving mechanism is used for driving the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to do insertion movement along the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers, and the driving mechanism inserts the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device. A printing gap does not exist between the printed cement-based slurry layer and the inserted reinforcing steel bar, so that the connection tightness between the cement slurry and the reinforcing steel bar is ensured, and the mechanical property and the toughness of the interface between the 3D-printed cement-based material layers are really improved.

Description

Equipment and method for preparing building structure based on 3D printing

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to equipment and a method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing.

Background

3D printing is typically achieved using digital technology material printers. The method is often used for manufacturing models in the fields of mold manufacturing, industrial design and the like, and is gradually used for directly manufacturing some products, and parts printed by the technology are already available. The technology has applications in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, firearms, and other fields. The cement-based material 3D printing technology has wide prospects in the fields of buildings, manufacturing of complex structures, forming and manufacturing of functional materials, unmanned construction under future extreme conditions and the like.

In the existing building field, the equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing mainly comprises a 3D printer, when the building structure is prepared, cement-based slurry filled in a liquid storage cavity in the 3D printer is sprayed on a building substrate layer by layer through a spray head, and in view of the fact that the height of a layer of cement-based slurry printed by the 3D printer is limited, the 3D printed building component is represented as cement-based slurry layers which are distributed in a laminated manner and formed on the substrate, the building structure is formed after the cement-based slurry layers are solidified, because the cement-based slurries of different layers have interfaces between adjacent layers, the bonding strength and toughness of the interlayer interfaces of each cement-based slurry layer are poor, when the interlayer interfaces are subjected to external driving force, the interlayer interfaces of adjacent cement-based slurry layers can generate the phenomena of layering and debonding, and the building structure prepared by the cement-based slurry is easy to damage or collapse, potential safety hazards exist.

In the prior art, reinforcing steel bars are used as frameworks, and one purpose of the reinforcing steel bar frameworks in reinforced concrete is to enhance the connection strength of concrete poured in different batches. But to 3D printing building element's technical scheme, when 3D printer is being close to near the reinforcing bar preset as prior art and prints, the reinforcing bar will block 3D printer nozzle's movement path, make the shower nozzle need print around the reinforcing bar around, in view of 3D printing cement base material self requires can vertically pile up, consequently shower nozzle spun cement thick liquids can not follow the automatic levelling of horizontal direction like traditional building construction's self-leveling concrete, fill the reinforcing bar gap, thereby when current adoption 3D prints preparation building structure, there is the clearance between shower nozzle spun cement base thick liquids and the reinforcing bar, the two can not form organic combination, just can not form traditional building construction's reinforced concrete. Therefore, the reinforcing steel bar cannot be substantially organically combined with the 3D printed concrete by adopting a common reinforcing steel bar arrangement mode in the prior art, and the mechanical property and toughness of the interface between the 3D printed cement-based material layers cannot be really improved.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the mechanical bonding performance of the interface between cement-based material layers in the building structure prepared by the equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing in the prior art is poor.

To this end, the invention provides a device for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, comprising:

the 3D printing device is provided with a material storage cavity and a spray head which is connected with the material storage cavity and can move relative to the base frame;

the reinforcement device is movably arranged relative to the base frame; the device comprises a driving mechanism for driving the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to do insertion movement along the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers, wherein the driving mechanism inserts the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device.

Preferably, in the above apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, the reinforcement device further includes a temporary storage mechanism;

the temporary storage mechanism is provided with storage inner cavities for the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to extend along the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer in an intersecting manner and to be slidably placed in rows in the direction parallel to the cement-based slurry layer; the storage cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and a relief port opposite to the discharge outlet;

the driving mechanism stretches into the yielding port is internally provided with a driving slide to the discharge port of the storage inner cavity, and the short steel bars or the short steel bars stretch out of the storage inner cavity to do the insertion motion.

Further preferably, the above apparatus for preparing building structure based on 3D printing, the temporary storage mechanism includes

The box body is provided with the storage inner cavity;

the first driving plate is arranged in the feeding port;

the first elastic piece is fixedly arranged relative to the box body and is connected with the first driving plate; the first driving plate is pushed by the first elastic piece to extend into the storage cavity.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, a placing cavity having the feed inlet and the first outlet at both ends along the sliding direction of the short rebar or the short rebar, and a discharge channel communicated with the first outlet and extending vertically are provided in the box body; the top and the bottom of the discharge channel are provided with the relief port and the discharge port;

the placing cavity and the discharging channel jointly enclose the storage inner cavity.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, the placing cavity is inclined downward from the feeding hole toward the first outlet.

Further preferably, the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, the reinforcement device further includes a cutting assembly having at least one cutter head for cutting the long steel bars or long steel bars into the short steel bars or short steel bars.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, the cutting assembly further has a sleeve fixedly disposed relative to the driving mechanism for passing the long steel bar or the long steel bar;

the tool bit is driven by the first driver to slidably abut against one end face of the sleeve, which is used for the short steel bars or the short steel bars to extend out, along the axis perpendicular to the sleeve.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, the reinforcement arrangement device further includes a straightening mechanism, and the straightening mechanism has a linear channel extending along the conveying direction of the long steel bar or the long rib and allowing the long steel bar or the long rib to pass through, so as to adjust the levelness or the verticality of the long steel bar or the long rib.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, the straightening mechanism includes a first roller set and a second roller set which are sequentially arranged;

the first roller set is provided with at least two first rollers which are opposite and staggered; the second roller set is provided with at least two second rollers which are opposite and staggered, the axes of the first rollers are perpendicular to the axes of the second rollers, and the linear channels are formed between the two first rollers and between the two second rollers.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, the reinforcement device further includes a bending mechanism for bending at least one end of the short rebar or short rib parallel to the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer cut by the cutting assembly to a direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer, and the driving mechanism drives the bent short rebar or short rib to perform an insertion motion.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, the bending mechanism includes

The clamp is used for clamping the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars;

the bending piece is arranged on one side of the clamp;

and the second driver is connected with the bending piece and used for driving the bending piece to abut against one end of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing bar to perform bending motion relative to the part of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing bar clamped by the clamp.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, there are two bending pieces, and the two bending pieces are respectively disposed on two sides of the fixture.

Further preferably, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, an end surface of each of the bent pieces facing one side of the fixture is provided with an accommodating groove with a notch facing the fixture; when the bending piece moves along with the second driver, the accommodating groove is used for embedding the bending part of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing steel bar.

A method of preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, comprising the steps of:

s1: placing the cement-based slurry in a storage cavity of a 3D printing device;

s2: a spray head of the 3D printing device moves on the substrate and sprays at least one layer of cement-based slurry layer on the substrate;

s3: before the cement-based slurry layer is not cured, inserting short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device along the direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers by using a reinforcing device, and enabling the tops of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars not to be exposed out of the tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located, or enabling the height H1 of the exposed tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located to be smaller than the layer height H0 of the next cement-based slurry layer printed by the 3D;

s4: the cement-based slurry layer is cured to form the building structure.

Preferably, the method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing as described above, wherein the step of S3 is preceded or followed by:

the method also comprises the step of cutting the long steel bars or the long steel bars into the short steel bars or the short steel bars by adopting a cutting assembly.

Further preferably, the method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing as described above, is characterized in that before the step of S3: also comprises

Bending two end parts of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars relative to the middle part of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars by adopting a bending mechanism to form an inverted U shape or an inverted L shape; in step S3, short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars in an inverted U-shape or an inverted L-shape are inserted into the cement-based slurry layer.

Further preferably, the method for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing is characterized in that the device for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing is adopted.

The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention provides a device for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which comprises: 3D printing device, arrangement of reinforcement device. The 3D printing device is provided with a material storage cavity and a spray head which is connected with the material storage cavity and can move relative to the base frame; the reinforcement device is movably arranged relative to the base frame; the device comprises a driving mechanism for driving the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to do insertion movement along the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers, wherein the driving mechanism inserts the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device.

According to the equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing, the 3D printing device is firstly adopted to print the cement-based slurry layers in a stacking mode, then the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the interlayer interfaces of the adjacent cement-based slurry layers through the reinforcement arrangement device, so that the adjacent cement-based slurry layers are connected, when the interfaces are under the action of external driving force along the direction parallel to the cement layers, under the action of the connecting force of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars, the cement-based slurry layers do not move relatively, the bonding strength and toughness between the printed layers are improved, the connection stability between the layers of the interfaces is ensured, and the safety of the building is improved; in addition, because the action of inserting the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into the interlayer interface is performed after the laying of at least one cement-based slurry layer is completed, printing gaps do not exist between the printed cement-based slurry layer and the inserted reinforcing steel bars, the connection tightness between the cement slurry and the reinforcing steel bars is ensured, and the mechanical bonding performance of the 3D printed cement-based material interlayer interface is really improved.

2. The invention provides equipment for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, wherein the reinforcement device further comprises a temporary storage mechanism; the temporary storage mechanism is provided with storage inner cavities for the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to extend along the direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer and to be placed in rows parallel to the direction of the cement-based slurry layer; the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are horizontally arranged in the storage inner cavity in a sliding mode, and are driven by the driving mechanism to extend out of the storage inner cavity to do the insertion movement when sliding to the front end of the storage inner cavity. This equipment of preparation building structure is printed based on 3D of structure, through the temporary storage mechanism who sets up the arrangement of reinforcement device, with short reinforcing bar or short rib prestore in temporary storage mechanism's storage inner chamber, after short reinforcing bar or short rib slide to the front end of storage inner chamber after, driven by actuating mechanism one by one and insert and stride across between the interface between the 3D prints the layer that obtains at least, temporary storage mechanism's setting further improves short reinforcing bar or short rib and does the efficiency of inserting the action.

3. The invention provides equipment for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which further comprises a cutting assembly, wherein the cutting assembly comprises a sleeve and at least one cutter head, and the cutting assembly is used for cutting long steel bars or long steel bars into short steel bars or short steel bars. The sleeve is fixedly arranged relative to the driving mechanism and is used for allowing the long steel bars or the long steel bars to pass through; the tool bit is driven by the first driver to slidably abut against one end face of the sleeve, which is used for the short steel bars or the short steel bars to extend out, along the axis perpendicular to the sleeve.

The equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing of the structure comprises a cutting assembly, a long reinforcing steel bar or a long reinforcing steel bar in a coil shape is cut to be the length required in the corresponding 3D printing process, the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing steel bar formed after cutting is ensured to be the preset length, and a sleeve is arranged in the cutting assembly, so that the stability of the conveying process and the straightness of the reinforcing steel bar when the long reinforcing steel bar or the long reinforcing steel bar is conveyed to a cement-based slurry layer are ensured, and when a tool bit is abutted against the long reinforcing steel bar and cut by the sleeve, the problem that the cutting position is moved due to mechanical vibration when the tool bit moves is effectively prevented, and the stability of the tool bit when the cutting action is carried out at the preset length position is further improved; in addition, when cutting length needs to be adjusted, only the position of the sleeve needs to be adjusted, and convenience in the using process is improved.

4. The invention provides equipment for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, wherein the reinforcement arrangement device further comprises a straightening mechanism, and the straightening mechanism is provided with a linear channel which extends along the conveying direction of the long steel bars or long ribs and is used for the long steel bars or long ribs to pass through so as to adjust the levelness or verticality of the long steel bars or long ribs. This equipment of preparation building structure based on 3D of structure prints through setting up the aligning gear, behind the long reinforcing bar that is the book through the aligning gear, the reinforcing bar obtains rectilinear direction's extension, guarantees the straightness accuracy of the short reinforcing bar or the short rib of finally inserting the cement base thick liquids layer, when further guaranteeing that short reinforcing bar or short rib insert cement base thick liquids layer interface between layer, the stability of cement base thick liquids inter-layer combination.

5. The reinforcement arrangement device further comprises a bending mechanism, at least one end of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing steel bar which is cut by the cutting assembly and is parallel to the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry is bent towards the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the bent short reinforcing steel bar or the bent short reinforcing steel bar to do inserting movement.

According to the equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing, the bending mechanism is arranged, so that the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars with at least one end extending towards the direction intersecting with the interlayer interface are obtained, and when the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the interlayer interface, the effect of connecting the interlayer interfaces of at least two adjacent layers is achieved; meanwhile, the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are also provided with at least one part with one end parallel to the direction of the interlayer interface, and the part is formed and arranged, so that the tensile strength of the interlayer interface vertical to the cement-based slurry layer is favorably improved, and the stability of the building structure is further improved.

6. The invention provides equipment for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing. The fixture is used for clamping short steel bars or short steel bars; the bending piece is arranged on one side of the clamp; and the second driver is connected with the bending piece and used for driving the bending piece to abut against one end of the reinforcing steel bar or the reinforcing bar to perform bending motion relative to the part of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing bar clamped by the clamp. The number of the bending pieces is two, and the two bending pieces are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamp.

The equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing of the structure is characterized in that two bending pieces are arranged on two sides of a clamp, when the bending piece clamps the short steel bar or the short steel bar to perform bending movement, the U-shaped short steel bar or the short steel bar which is arranged in an inverted manner is obtained, two mutually parallel parts of the U-shaped short steel bar or the short steel bar are inserted in the direction of the interface between layers and at least span over two adjacent layers of cement-based slurry, the inverted U-shaped short steel bar or the short steel bar is also provided with a connecting part for connecting the two mutually parallel parts, the connecting part ensures that the relative positions of the steel bars are fixed, thereby improving the relative stability when the reinforcing steel bar is inserted, in addition, the connecting part is arranged in parallel with the cement-based slurry layer, thereby increasing the tensile strength of the interlaminar interface of the cement-based slurry layer and the shear strength of the interlaminar interface parallel to the interlaminar interface, and further improving the stability of the building structure.

7. The invention provides a method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which comprises the following steps: s1: placing the cement-based slurry in a storage cavity of a 3D printing device; s2: a spray head of the 3D printing device moves on the substrate and sprays at least one layer of cement-based slurry layer on the substrate; s3: before the cement-based slurry layer is not cured, inserting short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device along the direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers by using a reinforcing device, and enabling the tops of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars not to be exposed out of the tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located, or enabling the height H1 of the exposed tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located to be smaller than the layer height H0 of the next cement-based slurry layer printed by the 3D; s4: the cement-based slurry layer is cured to form the building structure.

According to the method for preparing the building structure based on the 3D printing, the cement-based material for the 3D printing has thixotropy different from that of a common cement material, so that the cement-based material can be vertically stacked and formed, and the yield stress of the cement-based material for the 3D printing is higher than that of the cement-based material for preparing in a common pouring mode. Therefore, in the 3D printing process of the nth layer, under the condition that each cement-based slurry layer subjected to 3D printing is not subjected to external mechanical winding, short steel bars or short steel bars are directly inserted into the uncured cement-based slurry layer through the reinforcement device, the cement-based slurry layer below the nth layer, such as the nth layer, the (n-1) th layer or the (n-2) th layer, which is printed completely, is not influenced, and the subsequent curing process of the cement-based slurry layer below the nth layer, such as the nth layer, the (n-1) th layer or the (n-2) th layer, can still be realized. Correspondingly, when the (n + 1) th layer, the (n + 2) th layer or other cement-based slurry layers laid above the nth layer are subsequently printed, or when the reinforcement arrangement device is continuously inserted into the short steel bars or the short steel bars, any one of the cement-based slurry layers laid above the nth layer and the sequentially implanted short steel bars or short steel bars still cannot affect the vertical accumulation and the curing effect of the nth layer, so that the stability of the 3D printing formed building mechanism is realized.

In addition, the length of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars extending out of the cement-based slurry layer is limited to be not higher than the layer height H0 of the next cement-based slurry layer printed in advance by the nozzle, so that the nozzle can be prevented from being hindered and influenced by the short reinforcing steel bars and the short reinforcing steel bars when being printed in the preset direction, and in the 3D printing process, the cement slurry layer completely covers the tops of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars, so that the purpose of uniformly printing the cement-based slurry layer is achieved; after printing is finished, the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are organically combined with the cement-based material, so that the mechanical property and the toughness of the interlayer interface are really improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing an architectural structure based on 3D printing according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus for preparing an architectural structure based on 3D printing provided in example 1;

fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural view of the temporary storage mechanism provided in embodiment 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a drive mechanism provided in embodiment 1;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus for preparing an architectural structure based on 3D printing provided in example 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the driving mechanism and the straightening mechanism in the apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing in example 2;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing an architectural structure based on 3D printing provided in example 3;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of a fitting structure of the straightening mechanism and the feeding mechanism provided in embodiment 3;

fig. 9a is an enlarged structural schematic view of a bending mechanism provided in embodiment 3 and a sectional view of a bending piece;

fig. 9b is a schematic structural diagram of the bending mechanism provided in embodiment 3 for bending short bars or short bars;

FIG. 10a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a short reinforcing bar or a short reinforcing bar inserted into two adjacent cement-based slurry layers according to the present invention;

FIG. 10b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars inserted into and crossing over three adjacent cement-based slurry layers according to the present invention;

FIG. 10c is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inverted U-shaped short rebar or short rib inserted into and spanning between two adjacent cement-based slurry layers according to the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

1-3D printing device; 11-a material storage cavity; 12-a spray head;

2-a cutting assembly; 21-a sleeve; 22-a cutter head;

3-a drive mechanism; 31-a second elastic member; 32-a third drive plate; 321-a plate body; 322-an extension; 33-a limiting groove; 331-vertical portion; 332-a horizontal portion;

4-straightening mechanism; 41-a first roller; 42-a second roller;

51-a box body; 511-feed inlet; 512-a first outlet; 513-placing the cavity; 514-a discharge channel; 515-a let bit port; 516-a discharge port; 52-a first drive plate; 53-a first elastic member;

6-bending mechanism; 61-a clamp; 62-bending pieces; 621-an accommodating groove;

7-a feeding mechanism.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, including: 3D printing device 1 and arrangement of reinforcement device.

As shown in fig. 2, a material storage cavity 11 is arranged in the 3D printing device 1 and contains a cement-based material to be printed, and a nozzle 12 is connected to an end of the material storage cavity 11; the spray head 12 and the reinforcement device are both movably arranged relative to the base frame.

For example, the 3D printing device is wholly or the nozzle is arranged on the moving mechanism, and moves relative to the base frame under the driving of the moving mechanism, the moving mechanism may include a lifter and a manipulator fixed on the lifter, or a sliding component fixed on the lifter, the sliding component may be selected as an air cylinder, and the nozzle is fixed on a telescopic shaft of the air cylinder, so that the nozzle of the 3D printing device moves relative to the base frame to print a cement-based slurry layer.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the reinforcement device has a temporary storage mechanism, a filling mechanism, and a driving mechanism 3. Wherein, the temporary storage mechanism stores and outputs the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars; the filling mechanism is used for filling short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars into the temporary storage mechanism; the driving mechanism 3 is used for driving the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to do inserting movement along the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layer.

Particularly, the driving mechanism 3 drives the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to be inserted into the cement-based slurry layer along the direction vertical to the interface between the cement-based slurry layer, so that the maximum interlayer connecting force and the highest shear strength are further ensured. Optimally, the driving mechanism 3 transfers the short bars or short bars downwards in the vertical direction; the 3D printing device 1 lays the cement-based material layer by layer along the vertical direction.

In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 3 includes a third driver moving up and down along the vertical direction and a second driving plate fixedly connected to the third driver, the third driver drives the second driving plate to move down along the vertical direction, the bottom of the second driving plate abuts against the top surface of the short rebar or the short rebar, and the bottom surface of the short rebar is driven by the third driver to insert the cement-based slurry layer until the preset position is reached. For example, the third driver is an integration of a linear guide rail and a cylinder, the linear guide rail is arranged side by side with the cylinder, and the second driving plate is arranged on the same side of the cylinder and the linear guide rail, wherein the second driving plate is fixedly connected with the end part of the piston rod of the cylinder and a slide block on the linear guide rail. The linear guide rail is used for ensuring the motion linearity of the second driving plate, and the cylinder is used for providing a power source for the driving mechanism 3 to move in the vertical direction.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the temporary storage mechanism in this embodiment includes a box body 51, a first driving plate 52, and a first elastic member 53. Wherein, the box body 51 is internally provided with a storage inner cavity for accommodating short steel bars or short steel bars; the storage inner cavity comprises a placement cavity 513 extending along the sliding direction of the short steel bars or the short steel bars, and a discharge channel 514 vertically communicated with the placement cavity 513.

Specifically, the two ends of the placing cavity 513 along the sliding direction of the short steel bars or the short steel bars are a feeding port 511 and a first outlet 512, the discharging channel 514 is communicated with the first outlet 512, and the top and the bottom of the discharging channel 514 are an abdicating port 515 and a discharging port 516; the first drive plate 52 is disposed within the feed opening 511; one end of the first elastic member 53 is fixedly disposed with respect to the case 51, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first driving plate 52; the first driving plate 52 is pushed by the first elastic member 53 to be extended into the placing chamber 513.

In this embodiment, the placing chamber 513 is inclined downward from the feeding port 511 toward the first outlet 512. Furthermore, the short steel bars or short steel bars arranged in the placing cavity 513 can slide downwards from the feeding hole towards the first outlet 512 under the action of gravity, so that the feeding in the discharging channel 514 is ensured in time.

Specifically, the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars provided by the embodiment are divided into fixed lengths, extend vertically and are horizontally arranged in the storage inner cavity side by side; the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the storage inner cavity in a sliding mode along the direction of the first pushing force under the action of the first pushing force of the first elastic piece 53, and the driving mechanism 3 extends into the discharging channel 514 to drive the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to move in an inserting mode towards the vertical direction of the discharging port 516 from the yielding port 515 of the discharging channel 514. Such as a spring, for the first elastic member 53. The short bars or short bars may be single bars extending in a vertical direction, two, three or four more vertical portions extending in a vertical direction, and the bars connected by the connecting structure thereon.

In this embodiment, the loading mechanism includes a clamping assembly, a conveying assembly, and a limiting member. The clamping assembly is provided with a clamping claw for clamping at least one short steel bar or rib, and the conveying assembly drives the clamping claw to reciprocate in a material box for placing the short steel bar or the short rib and a storage inner cavity; the limiting piece is arranged at the end of the discharge port 515, and when the filling mechanism fills the short steel bars or the short ribs, the short steel bars or the short ribs slide out of the storage cavity along the discharge port under the action of gravity.

For example, the centre gripping subassembly is the centre gripping cylinder, and the centre gripping cylinder has two clamping parts that are close to relatively or keep away from the motion, and two clamping parts form the centre gripping cavity for at least one centre gripping short reinforcement or short rib, and conveying component is the linear electric motor of three stromatolite settings, guarantees that the centre gripping subassembly slides along three direction and gets to press from both sides, realizes that the centre gripping action is automatic. In actual use, the first elastic member 53 and the first driving plate 52 are removed in advance, and a limiting member is placed at the end of the discharge port 515; then, the filling mechanism fills short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars towards the storage inner cavity; finally, after a preset number of end reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars are filled, the first elastic piece 53 and the first driving plate 52 are reinstalled, and the limiting piece is taken out from the side of the discharging port, so that the filling action of filling the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars into the storage inner cavity is finished.

In this embodiment, a short bar or a short bar is sequentially clamped. Of course, in alternative embodiments, two, three or more short bars or short bars may be clamped one after another, further improving the packing efficiency. In optional embodiment, centre gripping subassembly and conveying component can be integrated into an organic whole structure, can select for use the manipulator, further improve the flexibility of filling the mechanism and the precision of filling, improve automatic user demand.

According to the equipment for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing, the 3D printing device 1 is used for printing cement-based slurry layers in a stacking mode, then the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the interlayer interfaces of the adjacent cement-based slurry layers through the reinforcing steel bar distribution device, so that the adjacent cement-based slurry layers are connected, when the printed building structure is under the action of external driving force along the direction parallel to the cement layers, the durability between the printed layers can be improved under the action of the connecting force of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars, the stability of connection between the interface layers and the layers is further ensured, and the safety performance of a building is improved; in addition, because the action of inserting the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into the interlayer interface is performed after the laying of at least one cement-based slurry layer is completed, printing gaps do not exist between the printed cement-based slurry layer and the inserted reinforcing steel bars, the connection tightness between the cement slurry and the reinforcing steel bars is ensured, and the mechanical property and the durability of the 3D printed cement-based material interlayer interface are really improved.

The embodiment also provides a method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which includes the following steps:

s11: placing the cement-based slurry in a material storage cavity 11 of the 3D printing device 1;

s12: setting a component model and parameters of the 3D printing device 1 in advance, such as a printing path, a printing speed, a printing layer height, a bar planting interval, a bar planting depth and the like of a 3D printer;

s2: the head 12 of the 3D printing apparatus 1 moves on the substrate, and ejects an nth cement-based slurry layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) onto the substrate;

s31: the third driving plate drives the short steel bars or short ribs arranged in the discharging channel 514 to move along the vertical direction, and the short steel bars or short ribs extend out of the discharging channel 514 from the discharging port 516;

s32: on the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) of the cement-based slurry layer, the second driving plate drives the short steel bars or short bars to be at least inserted into the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …), and the height of the short steel bars or short bars extending out of the top surface of the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) is ensured to be less than the height of the spray head 12 when the spray head 12 prints the (n + 1) th layer (n is 1,2,3 … …); in the temporary storage mechanism, under the action of the first pushing force of the first elastic member 53, the short steel bars or short ribs arranged therein slide downwards along the inclined surface toward one side of the first outlet 512, and the short steel bars or short ribs arranged at the rightmost end extend into the discharge channel 514;

s33: the spray head 12 moves along the printing route, continues to print the cement-based slurry layer of the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …), and continues to implant short steel bars or short steel bars on the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) according to the steel bar planting interval spacing until the travel route of the spray head 12 on the cement-based slurry layer of the nth layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) is completely finished;

s34: according to preset parameters of the 3D printing device 1, the height of the spray head 12, the relative position of the spray head 12 in the horizontal plane projection and the traveling route of the spray head 12 are adjusted, a cement-based slurry layer of the (n + 1) th layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) is laid, and a short reinforcing steel bar or a short reinforcing steel bar is implanted on the cement-based slurry layer of the (n + 1) th layer (n is 1,2,3 … …). And returning to execute the step S31 until the cement-based slurry layer of the (n + m) -th layer (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …) is printed, and executing the step S35 after the implantation of the short steel bars or short steel bars on the cement-based slurry layer is completed;

s35: the top seal layer is formed by printing a last cement-based slurry layer, i.e., an n + m +1 (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …) cement-based slurry layer on the printed n + m (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …), and the nozzle 12 travels along a preset printing path and performs 3D printing to ensure that the top of the n + m +1 (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …) cement-based slurry layer is not exposed on the top of the n + m +1 (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …) cement-based slurry layer.

S4: after the preset n + m +1 (n is 1,2,3 … …) (m is 1,2,3 … …) cement-based slurry layer is printed, waiting for the cement-based slurry layer to be cured to form a building structure; by this, the 3D printing of the building structure is finished.

In step S12, when the 3D printing head 12 moves along the substrate, it moves along a preset printing path; the printing rate of the 3D printer is the rate at which the nozzle 12 moves along the preset path; the printing layer height is the vertical height interval between the interfaces between two adjacent cement-based slurry layers, for example, the printing layer height in the embodiment is H0; the embedded steel bar interval is the distance between the adjacent short steel bars or short steel bars, the smaller the interval between the adjacent short steel bars or short steel bars is, the denser the embedded steel bar interval on the layer surface of the same cement-based slurry layer is, and the higher the interlayer bonding strength of the cement-based slurry layer is. The embedded steel bar depth in this embodiment is set according to the length of the short steel bar or the short rib, as long as it is ensured that the height H1 that the short steel bar or the short rib extends out of the cement-based slurry layer when being inserted is lower than the layer height H0 that the 3D printing device prints the next cement-based slurry layer.

In step S32, the short bars or short bars may be inserted into the nth layer, the (n-1) th layer, the (n-2) th layer, etc. of the cement-based slurry layer, and only the range of the height of the short bars or short bars protruding from the top surface of the nth layer is limited. In addition, by limiting the length of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars extending out of the cement-based slurry layer to be not higher than the layer height of the next cement-based slurry layer to be printed, the spray head 12 can be prevented from being hindered and influenced by the short reinforcing steel bars and the short reinforcing steel bars when being printed in the preset direction; thereby realizing the purpose of uniformly printing the cement-based slurry layer; after printing is finished, the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are organically combined with the cement-based material, so that the mechanical property and the toughness of the interface are really improved.

In step S32, as shown in fig. 10a and 10b, when a vertical strip-shaped short steel bar or short steel bar is vertically inserted into the nth cement-based slurry layer, it is sufficient to ensure that the short steel bar or short steel bar at least crosses the interlayer interface between the nth cement-based slurry layer and the (n + 1) th cement-based slurry layer that are adjacently disposed.

In step S32, as shown in fig. 10c, when the n-th cement-based slurry layer is inserted by using the inverted U-shaped short steel bar or short steel bar, the bottom surface of the inverted U-shaped middle portion is abutted against the top surface of the n-th cement-based slurry layer, so as to prevent a printing gap between the bottom surface of the middle portion and the top surface of the n-th cement-based slurry layer, and ensure the connection tightness between the cement-based slurry layer and the steel bar, so that the mechanical property and toughness of the 3D-printed interface between the cement-based material layers are really improved, and the safety and stability of the building structure are further improved.

In step S32, a short steel bar or a short bar having an M-shaped longitudinal section may be inserted into the nth layer of cement-based slurry layer, the M-shaped short steel bar or short bar has three vertical portions parallel to each other and a transverse connecting portion connected to each other at the top of the vertical portions, it should be ensured that the bottom surface of the transverse connecting portion of the M-shaped short steel bar or short bar abuts against the top surface of the nth layer of cement-based slurry layer, and the method is the same as the method for inserting the inverted U-shaped short steel bar or short bar, so that the tightness of connection between the cement-based slurry layer steel bars can be improved, the mechanical properties and toughness of the interlayer interface are further improved, and the safety and stability of the building structure are improved. Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,

in step S34, taking the example of implanting short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars in a vertical strip shape on the nth cement-based slurry layer in steps S31 and S32, the short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars at least cross the interlayer interface of the adjacent nth and (n + 1) th cement-based slurry layers. As shown in fig. 10a, when only the inserted short bars or short bars are inserted into the nth layer in step S31, the short bars or short bars only span the interlayer interface between the nth layer and the (n + 1) th layer; as shown in fig. 10b, when the short steel bar or the short bar inserted in step S31 is inserted into the nth layer and the (n-1) th layer, the steel bar spans the interfaces between the (n-1) th layer and the nth layer, and between the (n) th layer and the (n + 1) th layer in step S33; further, if the number of layers of the short steel bars inserted in step S31 is more, more 3D-printed interface between cement-based slurry layers will be spanned vertically, so that each short steel bar or short rib inserted in the nth cement-based slurry layer can perform a shearing-resistant action on the spanned interface between the layers, further improving the interlayer connection force and the interlayer mechanical properties of the cement-based slurry layer, and further ensuring the stability of the building structure obtained by 3D printing.

In step S34, the relative position of the nozzle 12 is adjusted, and in order to ensure that no interference is formed with the short rebar or short rebar inserted into the nth cement-based grout layer, the rebar planting is performed on the (n + 1) th cement-based grout layer, so as to improve the reliability of the rebar planting operation, and at the same time, the rebar planting positions are dispersed, thereby preventing the possibility of building structure fracture caused by stress concentration due to the same rebar planting positions.

In step S35, in the process of performing 3D printing on the (n + m + 1) th layer, the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing bars are inserted in the (n + m) th layer of cement-based slurry layer, the top of the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing bars does not extend out of the (n + m + 1) th layer of cement-based slurry layer, and at this time, the (n + m + 1) th layer of cement-based slurry layer completely covers the top of the (n + m) th layer of short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing bars, so as to ensure that the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing bars are sealed, ensure that the short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing bars are not exposed outside the cement-based material, and improve the stability of.

According to the method for preparing the building structure based on the 3D printing, the cement-based material for the 3D printing has thixotropy different from that of a common cement material, so that the cement-based material can be vertically stacked and molded, and the yield stress of the cement-based material for the 3D printing is higher than that of the cement-based material for preparing in a common pouring mode. Therefore, under the condition that no external mechanical 3D-printed cement-based slurry layers are arranged, short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars are directly inserted into the uncured cement-based slurry layers through the reinforcing device, the cement-based slurry layers below the n-th layer, such as the n-th layer, the n-1-th layer or the n-2-th layer, which are printed completely, are not affected, and the subsequent curing process of the cement-based slurry layers below the n-th layer, such as the n-1-th layer or the n-2-th layer, can still be realized. Correspondingly, when the (n + 1) th layer, the (n + 2) th layer or other cement-based slurry layers laid above the nth layer are subsequently printed, or when the reinforcement device is continuously inserted into short steel bars or short bars, the short steel bars or the short bars sequentially implanted into any cement-based slurry layer laid above the nth layer still cannot influence the vertical accumulation and the curing effect of the nth layer, so that the stability of the 3D printing formed building mechanism is realized.

As a first alternative, in this embodiment, the third actuator may also be an integration of a motor and a lead screw, or an integration of a hydraulic cylinder and a linear guide rail, as long as it is ensured that the driving mechanism 3 drives the short steel bar or the short steel bar to be inserted into the cement-based slurry layer downward along the vertical direction.

As a second alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the driving mechanism 3 has a second elastic member 31 and a third driving plate 32, which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction, and a limit groove 33; at this time, the driving force of the driving mechanism 3 to the short rebar or short rib in the vertical direction is an elastic force. Specifically, the transverse section of the limiting groove 33 is T-shaped, the limiting groove 33 is L-shaped along the longitudinal section, and the L-shape has a vertical part 331 extending vertically and a horizontal part 332 extending horizontally; the third driving plate 32 has a plate body 321, and an extending portion 322 disposed on a side wall surface of the plate body 321 and extending toward the limiting groove 33, wherein the extending portion 322 extends into the limiting groove 33 and is slidably disposed along the vertical portion 331 and the horizontal portion 332, respectively. The third driving plate 32 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second elastic member 31, the second elastic member 31 has a natural state of driving the third driving plate 32 to extend into the discharging channel 514 along the vertical direction, and a contracted state of the second elastic member 31, wherein the bottom of the second elastic member is pressed by the third driving plate 32 and generates a second pushing force to the third driving plate 32 along the vertical downward direction; when the second elastic element 31 is in a contracted state, the extension part 322 of the third driving plate 32 is positioned in the horizontal part 332 of the limiting groove 33 to block the third driving plate 32 from sliding vertically, so that the position of the third driving plate 32 is ensured to be limited; the third driving plate 32 is located in the vertical portion 331 of the limiting groove 33, the third driving plate 32 slides along the vertical portion 331, when the second elastic member 31 is in a natural state, the short steel bar or the short steel bar is driven by the third driving plate 32 and the second elastic member 31 to be conveyed into the printed cement paste layer, and then the extension portion 322 moves upwards along the vertical portion 331 under the driving of the outside and slides into the horizontal portion 332 along the transverse direction to prepare for the next bar arrangement action. The second elastic member 31 may be selected as a spring.

Example 2

The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, includes: 3D printing device 1 and arrangement of reinforcement device.

Compared with the device for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing provided in the embodiment 1, the device has the difference that the temporary storage mechanism in the embodiment 1 is not arranged in the reinforcement device. In the apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in this embodiment, the reinforcement device includes the straightening mechanism 4 and the cutting assembly 2.

Wherein, cutting assembly 2 is used for cutting long reinforcing bar or long rib into short reinforcing bar or short rib. The straightening mechanism 4 has a linear channel extending along the conveying direction of the long steel bars or long bars and allowing the long steel bars or long bars to pass through so as to adjust the levelness or verticality of the long steel bars or long bars. Cutting assembly 2 is close to near setting of 3D printing device 1's shower nozzle 12, and straightening mechanism 4 sets up before cutting assembly 2, and the reinforcing bar is a book setting usually, and 3 drive reinforcing bars of actuating mechanism move towards cutting assembly 2 behind straightening mechanism 4, and wherein actuating mechanism 3 is as the drive source that the drive reinforcing bar moved towards inserting cement base thick liquids layer direction to guarantee that reinforcing bar output action is stable to last.

In the apparatus for manufacturing an architectural structure based on 3D printing provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the cutting assembly 2 includes a sleeve 21 and a cutter head 22.

The sleeve 21 is fixedly arranged relative to the driving mechanism 3 and extends vertically, and is used for allowing the long steel bar or the long steel bar to vertically pass through, for example, the sleeve 21 is fixed on a base frame; the tool bit 22 is driven by the first driver to slidably abut against the bottom end surface of the sleeve 21, from which the long steel bar or the long bar extends, along the axis direction perpendicular to the sleeve 21, i.e., the horizontal transverse direction in fig. 5, so as to cut the long steel bar or the long bar into the required short steel bar or the required short bar. For example, the first driver is a linear motor, and the driving tool bit can cut along the transverse end face of the bottom of the sleeve 21 in the horizontal direction.

In the apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the straightening mechanism 4 includes a first roller set and a second roller set that are sequentially disposed. The first roller set is provided with first rollers 41 which are opposite and staggered; the second roller set is provided with a plurality of second rollers 42 which are opposite and staggered, the axes of the first rollers 41 are perpendicular to the axes of the second rollers 42, a linear channel is formed between two opposite first rollers 41 and two opposite second rollers 42, and long steel bars or long steel bars are conveyed along the linear channel. The first roller group performs first correction on the long steel bars or the long steel bars extending into the linear channel; the second roller set is used for correcting the long steel bar or the long steel bar extending into the linear channel for the second time, and the axes of the two roller sets are vertically arranged so as to ensure that the straightness of the steel bar can be adjusted in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel bar, and the best straightening effect is achieved. For example, five first rollers 41 and five second rollers 42 are provided oppositely in the present embodiment as an example.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, actuating mechanism 3 sets up before straightening mechanism 4, and actuating mechanism 3 is two belt pulleys that set up relatively, and the belt pulley rotates in opposite directions, and long reinforcing bar transmits between two belt pulleys, as shown in fig. 6, is located left belt pulley clockwise rotation, and when being located the belt pulley anticlockwise rotation on right side, two belt pulleys will be to exerting along the decurrent tensile force of vertical direction with long reinforcing bar or long reinforcing bar to drive long reinforcing bar or long reinforcing bar and carry downwards. Further tangent line and the coaxial setting of sharp passageway between two belt pulleys to guarantee that long reinforcing bar or long rib's transmission synchronization degree is high, thereby improve the stability of follow-up straightening mechanism 4 correction alignment action.

The present embodiment also provides a method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which is different from the method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in embodiment 1 in that: the changes of the steps S31 and S32 are:

s31: the long steel bar or the long steel bar enters between the two belt pulleys along the vertical direction and is conveyed towards the straightening mechanism 4, the long steel bar or the long steel bar penetrates through the first roller set and the second roller set and then extends into the sleeve 21 of the cutting assembly 2 and moves towards the direction perpendicular to the interface direction between the cement layers, and when the length of the long steel bar or the long steel bar extending out of the bottom of the sleeve 21 reaches the preset insertion length of the short steel bar, the first driver drives the cutter head 22 to move along the transverse direction so as to cut the long steel bar or the long steel bar into the short steel bar or the short steel bar;

s32: on the nth layer of the cement-based slurry layer, when the length of the long reinforcing steel bar or the long reinforcing steel bar extending out of one side of the sleeve 21 reaches the preset insertion length of the short reinforcing steel bar, the long reinforcing steel bar or the long reinforcing steel bar is at least inserted into the nth layer, and the height of the short reinforcing steel bar or the short reinforcing steel bar extending out of the top surface of the nth layer is ensured to be smaller than the height of the spray head 12 when the spray head 12 prints the (n + 1) th layer; the first driver drives the cutter head 22 in a transverse direction to cut the long rebar or strip into short rebar or short strips that have been inserted into the interface between layers of the cement-based slurry.

As a first alternative embodiment, the number of the first rollers 41 and the second rollers 42 may be two, three, four, six or more. For example, when the number of the first rollers 41 is two, the first rollers are arranged oppositely and staggered, the long steel bar or the long bar slides along the linear channel between the two first rollers 41, and the straightness of the long steel bar or the long bar is adjusted by contacting the wall surface between the two first rollers. Of course, the more the number of the rollers is set, the better the linearity adjustment will be, regardless of the number of the first rollers 41 or the second rollers 42.

As a second alternative embodiment, the driving mechanism 3 may further adopt a single pulley, the surface of the pulley is abutted to the long steel bar or the long steel bar, sliding friction exists between the pulley and the long steel bar or the long steel bar, and when the pulley rotates, the long steel bar or the long steel bar can be conveyed to the linear channel.

Example 3

The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, 9a and 9b, includes: 3D printing device 1 and arrangement of reinforcement device.

Compared with the device for preparing the building structure based on 3D printing provided in the embodiment 2, the device has the difference that the straightening mechanism 4 of the reinforcement device and the cutting assembly 2 are arranged at different positions and in different directions; the driving mechanism 3 is arranged in different modes, and the reinforcement device further comprises a bending mechanism 6 and a feeding mechanism 7.

As shown in fig. 7, the reinforcement device includes a driving mechanism 3, a straightening mechanism 4, a cutting assembly 2, a bending mechanism 6, and a feeding mechanism 7. The feeding mechanism 7 is arranged in front of the straightening mechanism 4 to drive the long steel bars or the long steel bars to be conveyed towards the interior of the straightening mechanism 4; the relative positions of the straightening mechanism 4 and the cutting assembly 2 are the same as those in embodiment 2, and are sequentially arranged along the reinforcing steel bar insertion sequence. As shown in fig. 7, the bending mechanism 6 is disposed behind the cutting assembly 2 and is configured to bend the two end portions of the short bar or short bar cut by the cutting assembly 2 downward to form an inverted U-shape, and the driving mechanism 3 is configured to drive the U-shaped short bar or short bar to perform an insertion movement.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the straightening mechanism 4 and the sleeve 21 of the cutting assembly 2 are placed in the transverse direction, and the cutter head 22 is driven by the first driver to move in the vertical direction and cut the long rebar or the long rebar vertically to form the short rebar or the short rebar. In addition, as shown in fig. 8, the feeding mechanism 7 is two belt pulleys arranged oppositely, the belt pulleys roll in opposite directions, the long steel bar or the long bar passes through between the two belt pulleys, and the long steel bar or the long bar arranged in a rolling manner is driven to be conveyed along the horizontal direction under the action of the extrusion force between the two belt pulleys; in an alternative embodiment, the pulley is made of an elastic material, so as to ensure that the surface of the pulley is elastically deformed when the long steel bar or the long rib is clamped, and further ensure the stability of the clamped steel bar or rib. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the pulley provided above rotates counterclockwise, the pulley provided below rotates clockwise, and the long rebar or long rebar is conveyed to the right in the horizontal direction.

Specifically, the driving mechanism is a fourth driver and a fourth driving plate assembly which are matched with the bending mechanism 6 and used for driving the short steel bars or the short steel bars to do inserting movement along the vertical direction. As shown in fig. 9a and 9b, the bending mechanism 6 in the present embodiment includes: a clamp 61, a bending piece 62 and a second driver. The clamp 61 is used for clamping a short steel bar or a short rib; two ends of the short steel bar or the short bar extend out of two sides of the clamp 61 and are provided with two bending pieces 62, and the bending pieces 62 are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamp 61; the second driver is connected with the bending piece 62 and is used for driving the bending piece 62 to abut against two ends of the short steel bar or the short rib, and the second driver makes downward bending motion relative to the middle part of the short steel bar or the short rib clamped by the clamp 61 and forms the short steel bar or the short rib with the vertical section in an inverted U shape. For example, the second driver is a linear motor, and the linear motor and the bending member 62 slide up and down through a slider fixed to a moving end of the linear motor.

Specifically, the end surface of each bending piece 62 facing one side of the clamp 61 is provided with a receiving groove 621 with a notch facing the clamp 61; when the bending member 62 moves along with the second driver, the receiving groove 621 accommodates the bent portion of the short rebar or short rib. The receiving groove 621 may be a square groove, a circular groove, a semicircular groove, or the like to accommodate reinforcing bars or ribs with different shapes or cross sections, such as square, circular, plate-selected shapes, or the like.

The fourth driver is connected with the fourth driving plate, and the bottom surface of the fourth driving plate abuts against the top surface of the inverted U-shaped short steel bar or the short steel bar and moves downwards in the vertical direction under the driving of the fourth driver. For example, the fourth driving device is a linear guide rail arranged side by side with the cylinder, and the fourth driving plate is arranged on the same side of the cylinder and the linear guide rail, wherein the fourth driving plate is fixedly connected with the end of the piston rod of the cylinder and the slide block on the linear guide rail. The linear guide rail is used for ensuring the linearity of the movement of the fourth driving plate, and the cylinder is used for providing a power source for the vertical movement of the driving mechanism 3.

s31: the long steel bar enters between the two belt pulleys along the horizontal direction and is conveyed towards the straightening mechanism 4, and the long steel bar or the long steel bar strip passes through the first roller set and the second roller set, then extends into the sleeve 21 of the cutting assembly 2 and extends into the clamp 61 of the bending mechanism 6; when the length of the long steel bar or the long steel bar extending out of the right side of the sleeve 21 reaches the preset insertion length of the short steel bar or the short steel bar, the belt pulley stops rotating, the clamp 61 stably clamps the steel bar penetrating through the clamp, and the first driver drives the cutter head 22 to vertically move at the moment so as to cut the long steel bar or the long steel bar into the short steel bar or the short steel bar; the clamp 61 clamps the middle part of the short steel bar or the short rib, the bending mechanisms 6 arranged on two sides of the clamp 61 vertically move downwards, and two sides of the short steel bar or the short rib are driven by the bottom of the accommodating groove 621 to bend downwards until the bending piece 62 reaches a preset bending position;

s32: on the nth layer of the cement-based slurry layer, the fourth driving plate drives the inverted U-shaped short steel bar or short steel bar to be at least inserted into the nth layer, the bottom surface of the middle part of the inverted U-shaped layer is enabled to be abutted against the top surface of the nth layer of the cement-based slurry layer, and the height of the short steel bar or short steel bar on the top surface of the middle part of the U-shaped layer is smaller than the height of the spray head 12 when the spray head 12 prints the (n + 1) th layer;

in the step S32 in this embodiment, the bottom surface of the inverted U-shaped middle portion abuts against the top surface of the nth cement-based slurry layer, so as to prevent a printing gap from existing between the bottom surface of the middle portion and the top surface of the nth cement-based slurry layer, and a printing gap does not exist between the printed cement-based slurry layer and the inserted steel bar, thereby ensuring the connection tightness between the cement slurry and the steel bar, really improving the mechanical properties and toughness of the interface between the 3D-printed cement-based material layers, and further improving the safety and stability of the building structure.

As a first alternative, in this embodiment, the fourth driver may also be an integration of a motor and a lead screw, or an integration of a hydraulic cylinder and a linear guide rail, as long as it is ensured that the driving mechanism 3 drives the short steel bar or the short steel bar to be inserted into the cement-based slurry layer downward along the vertical direction.

As a further modification, it is of course possible to omit the fourth driver and the fourth driving plate, and as in the alternative embodiment of embodiment 1, the matching portion between the driving mechanism 3 and the bending mechanism 6 can be realized by the matching manner of the elastic member, the limiting groove and the driving plate, and it is only necessary to ensure that the elastic member is replaced in time according to the driving force required for inserting the short steel bar or the short steel bar into the interface between two adjacent layers, three adjacent layers or more adjacent layers. For example, the elastic member is a spring.

As a third alternative embodiment, the reinforcement mechanism may not be provided with the straightening mechanism 4, and the straightening mechanism 4 only needs to straighten the reinforcement through two oppositely arranged belt pulleys, or the inner wall of the sleeve 21 faces the reinforcement; alternatively, when the long rebar or long bar has been straightened in advance, the effect of the straightness of the long rebar or long bar on the printed building structure may not be considered.

As a fourth alternative, the bending member 62 can be provided with only one bending member 62, the bending member 62 can slide downwards along the vertical direction, so as to bend the short steel bars or short steel bars clamped in the clamp along the sliding direction of the bending piece 62, and obtains short reinforcing steel bars or ribs which are bent at one side and have L-shaped longitudinal sections after the bending action of the bending piece 62, the L-shaped vertical part vertically spans the interlayer interface of at least two adjacent layers of cement-based slurry under the action of the driving mechanism, to ensure the connection of the interface between the layers and to ensure that, in step S32, when the short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars are inserted into the nth layer of the cement paste layer, the top surface of the cement paste layer of the nth layer is abutted against the bottom surface of the L-shaped horizontal part, so that the connection tightness between the reinforcing steel bars of the cement paste layer is improved, further improving the mechanical property and toughness of the interlayer interface and improving the safety and stability of the building structure.

Example 4

The present embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which is different from the apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in any one of embodiments 1 to 3 in that:

when the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars extend into the interlayer interface of the adjacent cement-based slurry layer, the angles of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars, which are driven by the driving mechanism to be inserted into the cement-based slurry layer, can be 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees and the like with the interlayer interface, and the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars can be arranged at included angles with the interlayer interface.

Example 5

The present embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, which is different from the apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing provided in any one of embodiments 1 to 4 in that:

as shown in fig. 1, the temporary storage mechanism in embodiment 1, the straightening mechanism 4 and the cutting assembly 2 in embodiment 2, and the bending mechanism 6 in embodiment 3 are not provided, only the driving mechanism 3 in embodiment 1 is provided, and short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars are placed one by one under the third driving plate, so that the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are ensured to be inserted into and cross over the adjacent cement paste layers printed by the 3D printing device.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing, comprising

The 3D printing device (1) is provided with a material storage cavity (11) and a spray head (12) which is connected with the material storage cavity (11) and can move relative to the base frame;

the reinforcement device is movably arranged relative to the base frame; the reinforcement device comprises a cutting assembly (2) having at least one cutter head (22) for cutting long bars or long bars into short bars or short bars; and the driving mechanism (3) is used for driving the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars to do insertion movement along the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers, and the driving mechanism (3) inserts the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars into the interlayer interface at least spanning the two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device (1).

2. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement device further comprises a temporary storage mechanism;

drive mechanism (3) stretch into in the abdication mouth with the drive slide to the discharge gate department of storage inner chamber short reinforcing bar or short rib stretch out do outside the storage inner chamber the insertion motion.

3. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing of claim 2, wherein the staging mechanism comprises

A case (51) having the storage cavity;

a first drive plate (52) disposed within the feed inlet (511);

a first elastic member (53) which is fixedly provided with respect to the case (51) and is connected to the first drive plate (52); the first driving plate (52) is pushed by the first elastic piece (53) to extend into the storage cavity.

4. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein the box body (51) has a placing cavity (513) with the feeding port (511) and the first outlet (512) at two ends along the sliding direction of the short steel bar or the short steel bar, and a discharging channel (514) which is communicated with the first outlet (512) and extends vertically; the top and the bottom of the discharge channel (514) are the position-giving opening (515) and the discharge opening (516);

the placing cavity (513) and the discharging channel (514) jointly enclose the storage inner cavity.

5. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the placing cavity (513) is inclined downwards from the feeding opening (511) towards the first outlet (512).

6. The apparatus for preparing building structures based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting assembly (2) further has

The sleeve (21) is fixedly arranged relative to the driving mechanism (3) and is used for allowing the long steel bars or the long steel bars to pass through;

the tool bit (22) is driven by the first driver to slidably abut against one end face of the sleeve (21) from which the short steel bars or the short ribs extend along an axis perpendicular to the sleeve (21).

7. The apparatus for preparing building structures based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcement device further comprises a straightening mechanism (4), and the straightening mechanism (4) has a straight channel extending along the conveying direction of the long steel bars or long bars and allowing the long steel bars or long bars to pass through, so as to adjust the levelness or verticality of the long steel bars or long bars.

8. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 7, characterized in that said straightening mechanism (4) comprises a first set of rollers and a second set of rollers arranged in sequence;

the first roller set is provided with at least two first rollers (41) which are opposite and staggered; the second roller set is provided with at least two second rollers (42) which are opposite and staggered, the axis of the first roller (41) is perpendicular to the axis of the second roller (42), and the linear channels are formed between the two first rollers (41) and between the two second rollers (42).

9. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcement device further comprises a bending mechanism (6) for bending at least one end of the short rebar or short rib parallel to the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry cut by the cutting assembly (2) to a direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers, and the driving mechanism (3) drives the bent short rebar or short rib to perform an insertion movement.

10. Device for preparing building structures based on 3D printing according to claim 9, characterized in that said bending mechanism (6) comprises

The clamp (61) is used for clamping the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars;

at least one bending piece (62) arranged on one side of the clamp (61);

and the second driver is connected with the bending piece (62) and is used for driving the bending piece (62) to abut against one end of the short steel bar or the short rib to perform bending motion relative to the part of the short steel bar or the short rib clamped by the clamp (61).

11. The apparatus for 3D printing preparation of building structures according to claim 10, characterized in that the number of bending pieces (62) is two, and two bending pieces (62) are respectively arranged on both sides of the clamp (61).

12. The apparatus for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 10, characterized in that the end surface of each of the bent pieces (62) facing the side of the fixture (61) is provided with a receiving groove (621) with a notch facing the fixture (61); when the bending piece (62) moves along with the second driver, the accommodating groove (621) is used for embedding the bending part of the short steel bar or the short steel bar.

13. A method for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing, characterized in that an apparatus for manufacturing a building structure based on 3D printing according to any of claims 1-12 is used;

which comprises the following steps:

s1: placing cement-based slurry in a material storage cavity (11) of a 3D printing device (1);

s2: a spray head (12) of the 3D printing device (1) moves on the substrate and sprays at least one layer of cement-based slurry layer on the substrate;

s3: before the cement-based slurry layer is not cured, inserting short reinforcing steel bars or short reinforcing steel bars into an interlayer interface at least spanning two adjacent cement-based slurry layers printed by the 3D printing device (1) along the direction intersecting the stacking direction of the cement-based slurry layers by using a reinforcing device, and enabling the tops of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars not to be exposed out of the tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located, or enabling the height H1 of the exposed tops of the cement-based slurry layers where the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars are located to be smaller than the layer height H0 of the next cement-based slurry layer printed by the 3D printing device (;

s4: the cement-based slurry layer is cured to form the building structure.

14. The method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein the step of S3 is preceded or followed by:

the method also comprises the step of cutting the long steel bars or the long steel bars into the short steel bars or the short steel bars by adopting a cutting assembly (2).

15. The method for preparing a building structure based on 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein before the step of S3: also comprises

Bending the two end parts of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars relative to the middle part of the short reinforcing steel bars or the short reinforcing steel bars by adopting a bending mechanism (6) to form an inverted U shape or an inverted L shape; in step S3, short reinforcing bars or short reinforcing bars in an inverted U-shape or an inverted L-shape are inserted into the cement-based slurry layer.