CN109526974B - Composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast and application method - Google Patents
Composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast and application method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/10—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae [Carrot family], e.g. parsley, caraway, dill, lovage, fennel or snakebed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural biological prevention and treatment. The composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probenazole, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 8-15 parts of surfactant. According to the invention, the chemical inducer, the microbial preparation and the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicines are combined, and the effect of the composition for preventing and treating rice blast is obviously improved through the synergistic interaction among the raw materials; the prevention and control effect of the product on the rice blast is measured by inoculating the magnaporthe grisea in the seedling stage of greenhouse rice, and the result shows that the prevention and control effect of the product on the rice blast is more than 84 percent; the product is green and environment-friendly, the selected raw materials do not cause secondary pollution to the environment, and the product does not generate drug resistance, is convenient for large-scale popularization and application, is an optimal mode for preventing and treating rice blast, and has important significance for promoting agricultural sustainable development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast and an application method thereof, in particular to a green environment-friendly composition which is prepared by comprehensively utilizing a chemical inducer, a microbial agent and Chinese herbal medicine functional active substances and can effectively prevent and treat the rice blast, belonging to the technical field of agricultural biological prevention and treatment.
Background
The rice is the main grain crop in China, plays an important role in agricultural production, is the grain crop with the widest planting area in China at present, and has important significance for preventing diseases of the grain crop to improve the yield of the rice. The rice blast is a destructive disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae on rice, and occurs in different degrees every year, the epidemic year can generally reduce the yield of the rice by 10-20 percent, and can reach 40-50 percent in severe cases, and local fields or even grains do not have harvest. At present, the main methods for preventing and treating rice blast are breeding resistant varieties, medicament control and field management, wherein most of the disease-resistant varieties are vertical resistant varieties based on the theory of 'gene to gene', and the varieties easily lose disease resistance. The chemical control has the advantages of economy, high efficiency, convenience, rapidness and the like, and is an indispensable part in a comprehensive rice blast treatment system. In recent years, some germs have developed resistance to bactericides, and agents have caused environmental pollution and also threatened beneficial microorganisms.
At present, patent technology 201810723394.1 discloses a pesticide for long-acting prevention and control of rice blast, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of jinggangmycin, 1-2 parts of kasugamycin, 10-12 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine extract, 7-9 parts of an adsorbent, 0.5-1 part of polyethylene glycol and 100 parts of water; wherein, the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprise: peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, fructus Xanthii, and radix Sophorae Flavescentis; patent technology 201711176989. X discloses a method for preventing and treating rice blast, which is characterized in that a rice blast preventing and treating composition is applied to rice crops, wherein raw materials of the rice blast preventing and treating composition comprise 20-30 parts of fresh summer and autumn tea leaves and 30-50 parts of southern magnolia in parts by weight; patent technology 201710873279.8 discloses a biological control method for blast disease, bacillus is separated to secrete antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and induce a plant defense system to resist the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria, and a test strain has obvious inhibition effects on the germination of blast disease conidium, the extension of germ tubes and the formation of attachment cells, and the active substance of the strain has strong inhibition effects on the blast disease, and the inhibition rate on the growth of blast disease hypha reaches more than 80%. In summary, chemical agents are still mainly used for preventing and treating the rice blast, and although the Chinese herbal medicine extract and the bacillus subtilis are disclosed to have certain rice blast inhibition effects, the prior art does not have the technical suggestion of preventing the rice blast through the synergistic effect of a chemical inducer, a microbial agent and Chinese herbal medicine functional active substances. The composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast is significant because the synergistic effect among different components is comprehensively utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast, and the synergistic effect among the probenazole, the microbial agent and the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract can obviously prevent and treat the rice blast and improve the production capacity of rice; the composition is safe and green, has no pollution to the environment, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the rice planting industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probenazole, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 8-15 parts of surfactant.
Preferably, the composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast as described above is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-17 parts of probenazole, 6-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 6-8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 10-12 parts of surfactant.
More preferably, the composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast as described above is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of probenazole, 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 7 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts and 11 parts of surfactant.
The Bacillus subtilis is commercially available Bacillus subtilis powder, and the content of probiotic in the powder should be higher than 2 × 107cfu/g。
The active ingredient extracts of the Chinese herbal medicines are water extracts of solanum lyratum thunb, radix peucedani and camphor tree leaf powder, and the raw materials comprise 15 parts of solanum lyratum thunb, 12 parts of radix peucedani and 20 parts of camphor tree leaf powder according to the mass ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract is prepared by the following method: crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials with impurities removed, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding purified water 20 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 5% and xylanase 3% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass ratio, and performing enzymolysis for 8 hours at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ under the condition of ultrasonic wave assistance; filtering after enzymolysis, concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing probenazole, bacillus subtilis, Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts and a surfactant according to the formula ratio;
2) uniformly mixing the probenazole, the bacillus subtilis, the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and the surfactant weighed in the step 1) to obtain the efficient and environment-friendly composition for preventing and treating the rice blast.
In the invention, probenazole is a safe and effective chemical inducer, can obviously improve the activity of three defensive enzymes, namely PAL, POD and PPO, and can greatly enhance the resistance of rice to rice blast; the bacillus subtilis has an inhibiting effect on rice blast, which is shown in that the growing points of the tooth tube and mature mycelium of the bacillus subtilis are expanded to cause teraticity, and finally, the bacillus subtilis is cracked, cytoplasm overflows and the mycelium collapses; the application of Chinese herbal medicines in preventing and treating rice blast is more and more concerned and more paid attention to at present, and the prior art shows that the compound solanum lyratum extracting solution has good preventing and treating effect on greenhouse potted rice blast; the radix peucedani extract can improve the activity of rice leaf peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine lyase and other defensive enzymes so as to improve the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast; the camphor tree leaf powder has obvious inhibition effect on the growth of the mycelium of the rice blast fungi, and can inhibit the growth of the spore of the rice blast fungi. In addition, the invention discovers that the probenazole, the bacillus subtilis and the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts have obvious synergistic interaction, and the effect of preventing and treating the rice blast can be obviously improved.
The invention further provides an application method of the composition for preventing and treating the rice blast in rice planting, which is characterized in that the composition for preventing and treating the rice blast is diluted into 300 times of solution by water and sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the spraying amount is 200g/m2It is preferable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composition has obvious effect of preventing and treating the rice blast, the rice blast prevention and treatment effect of the product is measured by inoculating rice blast germs in the seedling stage of greenhouse rice, and the result shows that the prevention effect of the product on the rice blast is over 84 percent;
(2) according to the invention, the chemical inducer, the microbial preparation and the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicines are combined, and the effect of the composition for preventing and treating rice blast is obviously improved through the synergistic interaction among the raw materials;
(3) the product is green and environment-friendly, the selected raw materials do not cause secondary pollution to the environment, and the resistance to drugs is not generated, so that the product is an optimal mode for preventing and treating rice blast and has important significance for promoting agricultural sustainable development;
(4) the invention selects and applies the solanum lyratum thunb, the peucedanum praeruptorum and the camphor tree leaf powder in a compatible way, can improve the activity of defensive enzymes such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine lyase and the like of the leaves, inhibit the growth of rice blast fungus mycelia, spores and the like, can promote the growth of the leaves, and improve the stress-resistant production capacity of the leaves, thereby obviously improving the yield and the quality of rice. The test result shows that under the same experimental conditions, the prevention and control effect on rice blast is reduced by 13.8 percent by increasing the compatibility proportion of the camphor tree leaf powder to 21 parts;
(5) the product of the invention has obvious effect, simple production process and application method and is convenient for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, herbal extracts were prepared as follows: crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials with impurities removed, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding purified water 20 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 5% and xylanase 3% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass ratio, and performing enzymolysis for 8 hours at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ under the condition of ultrasonic wave assistance; filtering after enzymolysis, concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract.
Example 1
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of probenazole, 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 7 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts and 11 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method of the composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast comprises the following steps:
1) weighing probenazole, bacillus subtilis, Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts, a surfactant and water according to the formula ratio;
2) uniformly mixing the probenazole, the bacillus subtilis, the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and the surfactant which are weighed in the step 1) to obtain the efficient and environment-friendly composition for preventing and treating the rice blast;
the application method of the composition for preventing and treating rice blast comprises diluting with water to 300 times of solution for spraying leaves, wherein the spraying amount is 200g/m2It is preferable.
Example 2
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17 parts of probenazole, 6 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 10 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method and the application method are the same as the example 1.
Example 3
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of probenazole, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 12 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method and the application method are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 1 (composition not containing Bacillus subtilis and herbal active ingredient extract, other same example 1)
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of probenazole and 11 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method and the application method are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2 (composition not containing probenazole and herbal active ingredient extract, other same as example 1)
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of bacillus subtilis and 11 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method and the application method are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3 (composition not containing probenazole and Bacillus subtilis, other examples 1)
A composition for efficiently preventing and treating rice blast is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 11 parts of surfactant;
the preparation method and the application method are the same as the example 1.
The test method is similar to the test method in the text of the effect of probenazole on the main defense enzyme activity of rice and the control effect of probenazole on rice blast, such as Xupei Dong, everlasting winter and Yangyingqing, and the variety of the rice to be tested is Shuangyou 6326 (one-season rice). The test sites are set in the Shankou Zhengtian villages in Shuihe county, Jiangxi province, and are the areas where rice blast frequently occurs and the areas where rice blast repeatedly occurs. The control effects on rice blast in the field were measured in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of different compositions on the prevention and treatment of Pyricularia oryzae
As shown in Table 1, the test results show that the examples 1-3 have significant control effects on the rice leaf blast and the panicle neck blast compared with the conventional operation of a control group, wherein the best example 1 is particularly used, and the control effects on the leaf blast and the panicle neck blast respectively reach 90.99% and 89.58%. Comparative example 1 does not contain bacillus subtilis and Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts, the control effect on leaf blast and panicle neck blast is 57.02% and 34.43% respectively, which is consistent with the research effect of Xupei Dong, Chang Dong winter, Yang Ying Qing and the like, and the control effect is correspondingly reduced because the spraying dosage of the application is less than that of B1 group in the paper; comparative example 2, which contains no probenazole and herbal active ingredient extracts, has control effects on leaf blast and panicle neck blast of 36.40% and 17.40%, respectively, indicating that bacillus subtilis applied in the application has a certain control effect on leaf blast, but has a relatively poor control effect on panicle neck blast; comparative example 3 does not contain probenazole and bacillus subtilis, and the control effects on leaf blast and panicle blast are 31.71% and 28.40% respectively, which shows that the Chinese herbal medicine extract has certain control effects on leaf blast and panicle blast, but has very obvious difference (p is less than 0.01) with examples 1-3. The experimental results of the comparative examples and the comparative examples are combined to find that the probenazole, the bacillus subtilis and the Chinese herbal medicine extract have obvious synergistic effect.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The composition for efficiently preventing and treating the rice blast is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probenazole, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 8-15 parts of surfactant; wherein the Chinese herbal medicine active extract is water extract of solanum lyratum thunb, peucedanum root and camphor tree leaf powder, and the raw material mass ratio compatibility proportion is 15 parts of solanum lyratum thunb, 12 parts of peucedanum root and 20 parts of camphor tree leaf powder; the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract is prepared by the following method: crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials with impurities removed, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding purified water 20 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 5% and xylanase 3% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass ratio, and performing enzymolysis for 8 hours at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ under the condition of ultrasonic wave assistance; filtering after enzymolysis, concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract.
2. The composition for efficiently controlling rice blast as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-17 parts of probenazole, 6-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 6-8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and 10-12 parts of surfactant.
3. The composition for efficiently controlling rice blast as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of probenazole, 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 7 parts of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts and 11 parts of surfactant.
4. The composition for controlling rice blast with high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bacillus subtilis is commercially available bacillus subtilis powder, and the content of probiotics in the bacillus powder is higher than 2 x 107cfu/g。
5. The composition for controlling rice blast with high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, characterized by being prepared by the steps of:
1) weighing probenazole, bacillus subtilis, Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extracts and a surfactant according to the formula ratio;
2) uniformly mixing the probenazole, the bacillus subtilis, the Chinese herbal medicine active ingredient extract and the surfactant weighed in the step 1) to obtain the efficient and environment-friendly composition for preventing and treating the rice blast.
6. The composition for controlling pyricularia oryzae at a high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition for controlling pyricularia oryzae is diluted with water to 300-fold and sprayed to the leaf surface in an amount of 200g/m2。
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