CN109469001B - River channel ecological system reconstruction structure and construction operation method thereof - Google Patents
River channel ecological system reconstruction structure and construction operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a river ecological system reconstruction structure which comprises a ventilation impermeable layer, an ecological reconstruction layer and a junction adsorption layer which are sequentially arranged on a river bed substrate, wherein the topography of the river bed substrate is original underwater topography, a deep pool topography, a shoal topography and/or a beach topography are arranged on the river bed substrate, the river ecological system reconstruction structure further comprises a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment, the slope revetment comprises a gravel pile, a skeleton and a first planting substrate layer, and the upright revetment comprises a backfill retaining wall, a constant water level submerged revetment and a stepped revetment. The invention fully utilizes the indigenous sediment and biological resources therein, adopts a method taking the adaptive elimination and natural succession as the main and manual assistance as the auxiliary, achieves the improvement of the self-repairing capability of the water body and the improvement of the pollution purifying capability and the material circulation rate, realizes the comprehensive construction of the structure and the function of river and river bank systems, and improves the biological diversity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of river channel remediation and water ecological restoration, in particular to a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure and a construction and operation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the water pollution problem of China increases the treatment force, and the improvement of urban black and odorous water is particularly important. The sediment is a central link of various materials circulation of rivers and is also a main accumulation warehouse of the materials. A large amount of nutrient elements, organic pollutants, heavy metals and other pollutants in the water body can enter the bottom mud through various ways such as precipitation, adsorption, biological absorption and the like, and the pollutants in the bottom mud can be released from the bottom mud again to enter the overlying water body under certain conditions. Therefore, in urban water treatment, the treatment of the sludge becomes important.
At present, dredging, masking and bioremediation are mainly adopted for treating the polluted bottom mud. The sediment dredging utilizes a mechanical means to dredge polluted sediment in the water body, thoroughly and rapidly removes pollutants in the sediment, creates conditions for the recovery of an aquatic ecosystem, and becomes the most commonly applied treatment method at present. However, sediment dredging is also severely damaged by benthos, benthic microorganisms, aquatic plants, enzymes, etc. in sediment as an important component of the river ecosystem while removing contaminants. Therefore, the water body after bottom mud dredging often needs to be restored and reconstructed for a long time, in the process, the water ecological system is fragile, and once the external environment changes, the water environment problem is very easy to occur again. Meanwhile, dredging is extremely easy to cause leakage due to the damage of a natural impermeable layer formed by historical accumulation caused by changing the physical structure of the water bottom.
Therefore, the rapid recovery and reconstruction of the river channel substrate layer and its ecosystem after dredging becomes a problem to be solved after dredging engineering is implemented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problem that the substrate sludge is dredged to seriously damage the substrate structure and the ecological system of the river and the lake in the current river and lake treatment, fully utilizes the dredging substrate sludge resource, rapidly rebuilds the structure of the riverbed and the riverbank after dredging by a method combining engineering and ecological means, and rapidly rebuilds the ecological system by taking natural formation as a main part and artificial interference as an auxiliary part, thereby achieving the aim of integrally completing the ecological restoration of the water body, and finally building a sustainable development riverway ecological system which is suitable for local ecological environment and can self-maintain and perform normal natural succession.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a river ecological system reconstruction structure, which comprises a ventilation impermeable layer, an ecological reconstruction layer and a junction adsorption layer which are sequentially arranged on a river bed substrate, wherein the topography of the river bed substrate is set to be original underwater topography, a deep pool topography, a shoal topography and/or a beach topography are arranged on the river bed substrate, the river ecological system reconstruction structure further comprises a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment which are arranged on a river bank, the slope revetment comprises a gravel pile paved on a shore foot, a skeleton which is formed by staggered reed straw rhombus weaving and is arranged on a surface layer of a bank slope, and a first planting matrix layer paved on the skeleton, and the upright revetment comprises a backfilling retaining wall arranged on the outer side of the river bank, a normal water level revetment arranged on a soil base layer and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level flooding revetment.
Preferably, the ventilation impermeable layer is paved by local clay with the thickness of 5-10 cm; the ecological reconstruction layer is formed by paving a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing 50-65% of bottom mud, 5-7% of turfy soil, 12-15% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 3-5% of gravel and 5-8% of volcanic rock, wherein the bottom mud is taken from a thickness area of 0-30 cm of the bottom surface layer of a local healthy water body, the coarse sand and the fine sand are fresh water river sand, the particle sizes of the gravel and the volcanic rock are 0.2-0.5 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the thickness of the ecological reconstruction layer is 15-35 cm; the intersection adsorption layer is formed by mixing and paving diatom ooze with the thickness of 0.5-2 cm and pebble, wherein the volume ratio of the diatom ooze to the pebble is (60-80): (20-40), and the particle size of the pebble is 0.3-0.8 cm.
Preferably, if the reconstructed river channel is expected to be polluted water, the sediment is paved by adopting local lightly polluted water sediment, and the pollutant content in the selected local sediment is more than 20% lower than that in the water.
Preferably, the first planting substrate layer is paved by a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (30-50), the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (10-15), the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, the bottom mud and the soil surface layer are 0-20 cm, the thickness of the first substrate layer is 8-15 cm.
Preferably, the slope revetment surface is provided with a buffer ditch along the river flow direction, the vertical depth of the buffer ditch is 5-10 cm, the width of the buffer ditch is 15-30 cm, and gravel and coarse sand are paved at the bottom of the buffer ditch.
Preferably, the constant water level submerged revetment comprises a cement mortar stone layer arranged on one side close to a bank slope and an ecological reconstruction layer arranged on one side close to a river channel, wherein the ecological reconstruction layer is formed by stacking first ecological bags in lead wire gabion nets, adjacent lead wire gabion nets on the upstream surface are alternately arranged in a concave-convex mode, the width difference of the adjacent lead wire gabion nets is 8-15 cm, a second planting substrate layer is filled in the ecological bags, and submerged plants are planted on the upstream surface of the second planting substrate layer.
Preferably, the first ecological bag is made of polypropylene or polyester fiber; the second planting substrate layer comprises dredging substrate sludge, gravel, cement and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (50-70): (10-20): (5-10): (15-20); the constant water level submerged revetment is 5-10 cm lower than the constant water level; the width of the ecological reconstruction layer is 25-50 cm, and the length is 0.6-1 m.
Preferably, the ladder type shore protection comprises at least two layers of mixed gabion layers which are stacked up and down, each upper layer of mixed gabion layer is smaller than the width of the adjacent lower layer of mixed gabion layer, each mixed gabion layer comprises a gabion which is arranged on one side close to a bank slope and filled with graded broken stone, and a gabion which is arranged on one side close to a river channel and is filled with a second ecological bag, a third planting substrate layer is filled in the second ecological bag, and wet plants are planted on the upstream surface of the third planting substrate layer.
Preferably, the grain size range of the graded broken stone is 3-10 cm; the third planting substrate layer comprises bottom mud, soil, planting soil, turfy soil and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (40-60): (20-30): (5-10): (15-20), wherein the bottom mud and the soil are taken from a water body bottom surface layer and a soil surface layer 0-20 cm area of a local healthy water body which is close to a water shoreline + -15 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the width of a filling area of the second ecological bag is 20-30 cm; the stepped bank protection is 50-70 cm higher than the flood level.
The invention also aims to provide a construction and operation method of a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure, which comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a riverbed substrate according to design requirements, retaining original topography features, constructing deep pool topography, shallow topography and/or beach topography, and sequentially constructing slope revetments and/or upright revetments in a layered manner, wherein a gabion structure in the upright revetment is a prefabricated structure;
B. according to the design requirement, a ventilation impermeable layer, an ecological reconstruction layer and a junction adsorption layer are sequentially paved in sequence in regions to complete the reconstruction structure of the river ecological system;
C. after constructing a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure, water is fed in batches, wherein the first water feeding depth is 2-5 cm, the water level is kept for 1-3 days, the second water feeding depth is 30-60 cm, the water level is kept for 50-70 days, the water content of a revetment planting matrix layer is kept to be more than 70%, and water is fed to a normal water level after 50-70 days;
D. when the plant seeds in the substrate sludge and the substrate start to germinate and the pioneer seeds grow preferentially, the pioneer seeds are planted in a supplementing mode, and the aquatic animals are added according to the types of the aquatic animals.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the river bed and river bank reconstruction structure and method in the invention not only play the conventional roles of river channel seepage prevention, flood discharge and the like, but also fully utilize the local sediment and biological resources therein, and the method mainly adopts the proper elimination and natural succession and the artificial assistance is adopted as the assistance, and the ecological system under the river channel and at the water side is gradually constructed by the method of natural selection of the most proper living organism growth assisted by artificial reinforcement and supplementation, so that the self-repairing capability of the water body and the pollution purifying capability and the material circulation rate are improved, the structure and the function of the river channel and river bank system are comprehensively constructed, and the biodiversity is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a river bed;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a ramp revetment skeleton;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an upright revetment;
fig. 4 is a side sectional view of an upright revetment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure, as shown in fig. 1-4, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The invention quickly rebuilds the structure of the riverbed and the riverbank after dredging by fully utilizing dredging sediment resources and combining engineering and ecological means, and quickly rebuilds the ecological system by taking natural formation as a main part and artificial interference as an auxiliary part, thereby achieving the purpose of integrally completing ecological restoration of the water body, and finally building a sustainable development ecological system which is suitable for local ecological environment and can self-maintain and perform normal natural succession.
Specifically, the river channel ecological system reconstruction structure comprises a ventilation impermeable layer 2, an ecological reconstruction layer 3 and a junction adsorption layer 4 which are sequentially arranged on a river bed substrate 1, the topography of the river bed substrate 1 is set to be original underwater topography, a deep pool topography 5, a shoal topography 6 and/or a beach topography are arranged on the river bed substrate 1, the river channel ecological system reconstruction structure further comprises a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment which are arranged on a river bank, the slope revetment comprises a gravel pile paved on a bank foot, a framework 7 formed by reed straw and rhombic staggered weaving and arranged on a bank slope surface layer, and a first planting matrix layer paved on the framework, and the upright revetment comprises a backfill retaining wall 8 arranged on the outer side of the river bank, a normal water level submerged revetment arranged on a soil base layer 1 and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level submerged revetment.
As shown in fig. 1, the riverbed substrate 1 is respectively provided with a ventilation impermeable layer 2, an ecological reconstruction layer 3 and a junction adsorption layer 4 from bottom to top. The ventilation impermeable layer 2 is formed by paving local clay with the thickness of 5-10 cm. If one of the following reasons appears, such as that the original river channel leakage is serious, the dredging damages the original river channel substrate seriously or other conditions increasing leakage risk, a 3-5 cm sodium bentonite layer can be added on the lower layer of the clay layer.
The invention adopts the sediment as an important raw material in reconstruction, wherein the sediment of 10-30 cm above the sediment layer of the water body contains important components such as aquatic plant seed resources, plankton, benthonic animals, microorganisms and the like for constructing an ecological system.
Preferably, the ecological reconstruction layer 3 is formed by paving a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing 50-65% of bottom mud, 5-7% of turfy soil, 12-15% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 3-5% of gravel and 5-8% of volcanic rock, wherein the bottom mud is taken from a thickness area of 0-30 cm of the bottom surface layer of a local healthy water body, the coarse sand and the fine sand are fresh water river sand, the particle sizes of the gravel and the volcanic rock are 0.2-0.5 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the thickness of the ecological reconstruction layer 3 is 15-35 cm.
The sediment collection is carried out according to water level partition, and the sediment in the water body area consistent with the normal water level of the target river channel is collected by taking the normal water level as a standard. The collected sediment is stirred with other compositions at a slow speed mechanically, and is immediately paved after being uniformly mixed, and the paving is also carried out according to the planned water level partition. The ecological system in the polluted bottom mud is more suitable for the environment of the polluted water body, and can also have the effect of purifying the polluted water body. Preferably, if the reconstructed river channel is expected to be polluted water, the sediment is paved by adopting local lightly polluted water sediment, and the pollutant content in the selected local sediment is 20% lower than that of the water, and other conditions are unchanged.
Preferably, the intersection adsorption layer 4 is formed by mixing and paving diatom ooze with the thickness of 0.5-2 cm and pebble, wherein the volume ratio of the diatom ooze to the pebble is (60-80): (20-40), and the particle size of the pebble is 0.3-0.8 cm.
The river ecological system reconstruction structure also needs to remodel the river bed topography, on one hand, the original topography features before dredging should be reserved when dredging, the original topography is restored when the river bed is reconstructed, and on the other hand, the deep pool topography 5, the shoal topography 6 and/or the beach topography are arranged on the river bed substrate 1 according to the need. Various heterogeneous landform units not only can provide habitats for more organisms and increase the biodiversity, but also can enhance the degradation of microorganisms to pollutants on the surface layer of heterogeneous landform, and can also play a role in stabilizing the structure of a river bed and a bank slope.
Further, the river ecological system reconstruction structure further comprises a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment arranged on the river bank. The slope shore protection comprises gravel piles paved on the shore feet, a framework 7 arranged on the surface layer of the shore slope and formed by reed straw rhombic staggered weaving, and a first planting matrix layer paved on the framework, and the vertical shore protection comprises backfill retaining walls 8 arranged on the outer side of the river bank, a normal water level submerged shore protection arranged on the soil base layer 1 and a stepped shore protection arranged on the normal water level submerged shore protection.
Specifically, when the river bank is a slope type revetment, gravel piles are paved on the bank feet in order to prevent the hydraulic flushing from damaging the revetment. As shown in fig. 2, the surface layer of the slope type revetment bank slope is of a composite structure and is composed of a framework 7 formed by interweaving reed straw diamonds with the length of 50-100 cm and a first planting substrate layer paved on the framework 7. Preferably, the first planting substrate layer is paved by a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (30-50), the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (10-15), the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, the bottom mud and the soil surface layer are 0-20 cm, the thickness of the first substrate layer is 8-15 cm.
Preferably, the slope revetment surface is provided with a buffer ditch along the river flow direction, the vertical depth of the buffer ditch is 5-10 cm, the width of the buffer ditch is 15-30 cm, and gravel and coarse sand are paved at the bottom of the buffer ditch. If the bank protection dip angle is larger than 45 degrees, in order to reduce the scouring of runoffs to bank slopes, a buffer ditch needs to be arranged on the surface of the bank protection along the river flow direction, and gravel and coarse sand are paved at the bottom of the buffer ditch. If the bank protection is wider, a plurality of stages of buffer ditches can be arranged along the slope surface.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the river bank is an upright revetment, the outside of the river bank is a backfill retaining wall 8, the lowest layer of the revetment structure is a constant water level submerged layer, and the main body is divided into a left part and a right part. Preferably, the constant water level submerged revetment comprises a cement mortar stone layer 12 arranged on one side close to a bank slope and an ecological reconstruction layer 14 arranged on one side close to a river channel, wherein the ecological reconstruction layer 14 is formed by stacking first ecological bags in lead wire gabion nets, adjacent lead wire gabion nets on the upstream surface are alternately arranged in a concave-convex mode, the width difference of the adjacent lead wire gabion nets is 8-15 cm, a second planting substrate layer is filled in the ecological bags, and submerged plants 13 are planted on the upstream surface of the second planting substrate layer.
Preferably, the first ecological bag is made of polypropylene or polyester fiber, and the porosity of the first ecological bag is required to meet the growth requirement of submerged plants. The second planting substrate layer comprises dredging sediment, gravel, cement and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (50-70): (10-20): (5-10): (15-20), and the sediment selection standard is consistent with the sediment for river bed construction. The constant water level submerged revetment is 5-10 cm lower than the constant water level A. The width (vertical direction of the river course extension) of the ecological reconstruction layer 14 is 25-50 cm, and the length (along the river course extension) is 0.6-1 m.
The gabion mesh is anchored to the cement mortar stone layer 12. Each gabion mesh is anchored to each other. As shown in FIG. 3, in order to solve the hydraulic scouring of river water to the revetment, the lead wire gabion mesh is constructed into a concave-convex alternate structure towards the water side, namely, adjacent gabion structures are alternately arranged in a concave-convex manner, and the width difference is 8-15 cm.
As shown in fig. 4, a stepped revetment is provided on the constant water level submerged revetment above the cement mortar stone layer 12. Preferably, the ladder type shore protection comprises at least two layers of mixed gabion layers 11 which are stacked up and down, each upper layer of mixed gabion layer 11 is smaller than the width of the adjacent lower layer of mixed gabion layer 11, each mixed gabion layer 11 comprises a gabion which is arranged on one side close to a bank slope and filled with graded broken stone, and a gabion 9 which is arranged on one side close to a river channel and is filled with a second ecological bag, a third planting substrate layer is filled in the second ecological bag, and wet plants 10 are planted on the upstream surface of the third planting substrate layer.
Specifically, the side closest to the river is a mixed gabion layer 11, the inside of the mixed gabion layer 11 is divided into a left part and a right part, grading broken stone with the grain size range of 3-10 cm is filled at the side close to a bank slope, a second ecological bag with the specification matched with the space of the grading broken stone is filled at the side close to the river, the third planting substrate layer comprises bottom mud, planting soil, turfy soil and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (40-60): (20-30): (5-10): (15-20), wherein the bottom mud is taken from a water bottom surface layer 0-20 cm area of a local healthy water body close to a water bank line + -15 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the filling area width of the second ecological bag is 20-30 cm. The height of the stepped revetment is 50-70 cm above the flood level B.
Furthermore, the rest gabions near the river bank are all filled with graded broken stones with the grain diameter range of 3-10 cm, the width of each upper gabion structure is 20-30 cm smaller than that of the adjacent lower gabion structure, a stepped shore protection is formed, and the adjacent gabions are anchored stably. At a constant water level A, the layer structure is generally positioned above the water level, the total height of the layer structure is determined by considering flood discharge safety, and the layer structure is generally 50-70 cm higher than the flood level B.
The river ecological system reconstruction structure in the invention not only plays the conventional roles of river seepage prevention, flood discharge and the like, but also fully utilizes the local sediment and biological resources in the sediment, and adopts the method which mainly uses the adaptive elimination and natural succession and is assisted by manpower, so that the river underwater and water ecological system is constructed by the growth of the most suitable organisms without planting and stocking basically, thereby improving the self-repairing capability of the water body and the pollution purifying capability and the material circulation rate, and comprehensively constructing the structure, the function and the biodiversity of the river and river bank system.
The invention also provides a construction and operation method of the river channel ecological system reconstruction structure, which comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a riverbed substrate 1 according to design requirements, retaining original topography features, constructing a deep pool topography 5, a shoal topography 6 and/or a beach topography, and sequentially constructing a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment in a layered manner, wherein a gabion structure in the upright revetment is a prefabricated structure.
B. According to the design requirement, a ventilation impermeable layer 2, an ecological reconstruction layer 3 and a junction adsorption layer 4 are sequentially paved in regions to complete the reconstruction structure of the river ecological system.
C. After constructing a river ecological system reconstruction structure, water is fed in batches, wherein the first water feeding depth is 2-5 cm, the water level is kept for 1-3 days, the second water feeding depth is 30-60 cm, the water level is kept for 50-70 days, the water content of the revetment planting matrix layer is kept above 70%, water is fed to the normal water level A after 50-70 days, and the water feeding depth is the water level above the bottom mud surface layer.
D. When the plant seeds in the sediment and the matrix start to germinate and the pioneer seeds grow preferentially, the pioneer seeds are planted in a supplementing mode, proper aquatic animals are added according to the species of the aquatic animals, generally three months to half a year, benthonic animals, phytoplankton, microorganisms, aquatic animals and the like in an ecological system are gradually built except plants, and the ecological system is stable after one year.
The river bed and river bank reconstruction structure and method in the invention not only play the conventional roles of river channel seepage prevention, flood discharge and the like, but also fully utilize the local sediment and biological resources therein, and the method mainly adopts the proper elimination and natural succession and the artificial assistance is adopted as the assistance, and the ecological system under the river channel and at the water side is gradually constructed by the method of natural selection of the most proper living organism growth assisted by artificial reinforcement and supplementation, so that the self-repairing capability of the water body and the pollution purifying capability and the material circulation rate are improved, the structure and the function of the river channel and river bank system are comprehensively constructed, and the biodiversity is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a river course ecosystem rebuilds structure which characterized in that: comprises a ventilation impermeable layer (2), a first ecological reconstruction layer (3) and a junction adsorption layer (4) which are sequentially arranged on a riverbed substrate (1), wherein the topography of the riverbed substrate (1) is set to be original underwater topography, a deep pool topography (5), a shoal topography (6) and/or a beach topography are arranged on the riverbed substrate (1), the river ecological system reconstruction structure also comprises a slope revetment and an upright revetment which are arranged on a river bank, the slope revetment comprises a gravel pile paved on a shore foot, a skeleton (7) which is formed by staggered weaving reed straw diamonds and is arranged on a shore surface layer, and a first planting matrix layer paved on the skeleton, the vertical revetment comprises a backfill retaining wall (8) arranged on the outer side of the river bank, a normal water level submerged revetment arranged on a river bed substrate (1) and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level submerged revetment, the first ecological reconstruction layer (3) is paved by a mixture of bottom mud with the volume ratio of 50% -65%, turfy soil with the volume ratio of 5% -7%, coarse sand with the volume ratio of 12% -15%, fine sand with the volume ratio of 10% -15%, gravel with the volume ratio of 3% -5% and volcanic rock with the volume ratio of 5% -8%, wherein the bottom mud is taken from a thickness area of 0% -30 cm of the bottom surface layer of a local healthy water body, if the reconstructed bottom mud is predicted to be polluted water body, the bottom mud is paved by adopting the bottom mud of the local slightly polluted water body, and the pollutant content in the selected local sediment is more than 20% lower than that of the water; the first planting substrate layer is formed by paving a mixture formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (30-50), the volume ratio of the bottom mud to the soil is (10-15), the water bottom surface layer and the soil surface layer are respectively (0-20 cm) close to a water shoreline + -15 cm, and the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%;
the constant water level submerged revetment comprises a cement mortar stone layer (12) arranged on one side close to a bank slope and a second ecological reconstruction layer (14) arranged on one side close to a river channel, wherein the second ecological reconstruction layer (14) is formed by stacking first ecological bags in lead wire gabion nets, adjacent lead wire gabion nets on an upstream surface are alternately arranged in a concave-convex mode, the width difference of the adjacent lead wire gabion nets is 8-15 cm, a second planting substrate layer is filled in the ecological bags, and submerged plants (13) are planted on the upstream surface of the second planting substrate layer;
the stepped shore protection comprises at least two layers of mixed gabion layers (11) which are stacked up and down, each upper layer of mixed gabion layer (11) is smaller than the width of each adjacent lower layer of mixed gabion layer (11), each mixed gabion layer (11) comprises a gabion which is arranged on one side close to a bank slope and used for filling graded broken stone, and a gabion (9) which is arranged on one side close to a river channel and used for filling a second ecological bag, a third planting substrate layer is filled in the second ecological bag, and wet plants (10) are planted on the upstream surface of the third planting substrate layer.
2. The river ecosystem reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein: the breathable impermeable layer (2) is formed by paving local clay with the thickness of 5-10 cm; the coarse sand and the fine sand are fresh water river sand, the particle sizes of the gravels and the volcanic rocks are 0.2-0.5 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the thickness of the first ecological reconstruction layer (3) is 15-35 cm; the intersection adsorption layer (4) is formed by mixing and paving diatom ooze with the thickness of 0.5-2 cm and pebble, wherein the volume ratio of the diatom ooze to the pebble is (60-80): (20-40), and the particle size of the pebble is 0.3-0.8 cm.
3. The river ecosystem reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the first planting substrate layer is 8-15 cm.
4. The river ecosystem reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein: the slope shore protection surface is equipped with the buffer ditch along the river course flow direction, the perpendicular degree of depth of buffer ditch is 5~10cm, and the width is 15~30cm, gravel and coarse sand have been laid to the buffer ditch bottom.
5. The river ecosystem reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first ecological bag is made of polypropylene or polyester fiber; the second planting substrate layer comprises dredging substrate sludge, gravel, cement and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (50-70): (10-20): (5-10): (15-20); the constant water level submerged revetment is 5-10 cm lower than the constant water level (A); the width of the second ecological reconstruction layer (14) is 25-50 cm, and the length of the second ecological reconstruction layer is 0.6-1 m.
6. The river ecosystem reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size range of the graded broken stone is 3-10 cm; the third planting substrate layer comprises bottom mud, soil, planting soil, turfy soil and coarse sand with the volume ratio of (40-60): (20-30): (5-10): (15-20), wherein the bottom mud and the soil are taken from a water body bottom surface layer and a soil surface layer 0-20 cm area of a local healthy water body which is close to a shoreline + -15 cm, the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 50%, and the width of a filling area of the second ecological bag is 20-30 cm; the stepped shoreline is 50-70 cm higher than the flood level (B).
7. A method for constructing and operating a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a riverbed substrate (1) according to design requirements, retaining original topography features, constructing a deep pool topography (5), a shoal topography (6) and/or a beach topography, and sequentially constructing a slope revetment and/or an upright revetment in a layered manner, wherein a gabion structure in the upright revetment is a prefabricated structure;
B. according to design requirements, a ventilation impermeable layer (2), a first ecological reconstruction layer (3) and a junction adsorption layer (4) are sequentially paved in sequence in regions to complete a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure;
C. after constructing a river channel ecological system reconstruction structure, water is fed in batches, wherein the first water feeding depth is 2-5 cm, the water level is kept for 1-3 days, the second water feeding depth is 30-60 cm, the water level is kept for 50-70 days, the water content of a revetment planting matrix layer is kept to be more than 70%, and water is fed to a normal water level (A) after 50-70 days;
D. when the plant seeds in the substrate sludge and the substrate start to germinate and the pioneer seeds grow preferentially, the pioneer seeds are planted in a supplementing mode, and the aquatic animals are added according to the types of the aquatic animals.
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| CN111410364A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 中南林业科技大学 | City static water body water purification revetment structure and construction method |
| CN111705743A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-25 | 杭州易大景观设计有限公司 | Water shoreline configuration method with purification function |
| CN113026663B (en) * | 2021-02-28 | 2022-02-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Multi-class combined type ecological hydraulic system and construction method thereof |
| CN113652998B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-08-30 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Construction method for waste puddle treatment and water system landscape reconstruction |
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