CN109468394A - 一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重pcr引物、试剂盒及其应用 - Google Patents
一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重pcr引物、试剂盒及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及致病菌检测技术领域,公开了一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR引物、试剂盒及其应用。引物包括五对特异性引物,其特征在于:所述五对特异性引物分别为:沙门氏菌‑F;沙门氏菌‑R;肠炎沙门氏菌‑F;肠炎沙门氏菌‑R;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌‑F;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌‑R;伤寒沙门氏菌‑F;伤寒沙门氏菌‑R;猪霍乱沙门氏菌‑F;猪霍乱沙门氏菌‑R。本发明不仅能够检测是否为沙门氏菌,而且能够单纯通过PCR检测就同时准确地鉴定是否为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌,无需借助其他辅助技术手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及致病菌检测技术领域,尤其涉及一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR 引物、试剂盒及其应用。
背景技术
沙门氏菌(Salmonella)是最常见的食源性致病菌,由其引起的食物中毒病例在世界各地的食物中毒事件中常居于首位。在美国每年大约有140万人感染沙门菌,并导致600人死亡。该菌分布很广,通常寄居在人体和动物体的肠道中,并随排泄物污染他们的生存环境和食物,从而在人体与动物体间进行传播。目前全世界已分离出的血清型有2600多种。其中引起人体食物中毒的沙门氏菌血清型菌株主要集中于A~D组,占到食源性沙门氏菌的70%,尤以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌等最为常见。
目前,沙门氏菌的分型方法可分为表型分型和分子分型两类。表型分型方法主要包括血清分型和噬菌体分型。自从1934年第一次发表Kauffmann-White血清表以来,沙门氏菌的血清分型就成为最主要的分型形式。沙门氏菌的血清分型是基于其菌体细胞表面的鞭毛、荚膜或粘液层、纯化的蛋白等与特异抗血清产生不同的凝结反应而区分的。血清玻片凝集试验作为早期沙门氏菌分型方法,直观可靠,但也存在不足之处:(1)鉴定时间长:确定一株沙门氏菌的血清型需要1-2天,有些菌株若需要作鞭毛诱导则需一周左右。(2)菌株本身:某些菌株发生变异,由光滑型变为粗糙型,产生自凝现象,无法分型。(3)存在交叉凝集等错误结果。(4)实验人员操作经验:对有些沙门氏菌抗原与血清的凝集反应较为迟缓、反应程度较弱等情况,就需要经验丰富的实验人员进行鉴定,否则易造成错误的分型结果。(5)市场上的商品化沙门氏菌诊断血清价格昂贵,质量参差不齐,所包含血清型不齐,且货源紧缺。
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌是沙门菌属内重要的高致病性细菌。但是,猪霍乱沙门菌和丙型副伤寒沙门菌两者基因组的相似程度达95%以上。根据目前检索到的猪霍乱沙门氏菌的PCR检测方法,都不能区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,在现有技术中,如果要进一步区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,必须在PCR的基础上再附加辅助手段。如林一曼等发表的《实时荧光PCR同时检测丙型副伤寒沙门菌和猪霍乱沙门菌方法的建立和应用》中、《改良分子信标一实时荧光PCR同时检测猪霍乱沙门菌和丙型副伤寒沙门菌》中,均是在PCR检测的基础上再借助实时荧光技术,才能有效区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR引物、试剂盒及其应用,本发明不仅能够检测是否为沙门氏菌,而且能够单纯通过PCR检测就同时准确地鉴定是否为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌,无需借助其他辅助技术手段。
本发明的具体技术方案为:一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR引物,包括五对特异性引物,其特征在于:所述五对特异性引物分别为:
沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.1所示;
沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.2所示;
肠炎沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.3所示;
肠炎沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.4所示;
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.5所示;
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.6所示;
伤寒沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.7所示;
伤寒沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.8所示;
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.9所示;
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.10所示。
如本申请背景技术中所述,猪霍乱沙门菌和丙型副伤寒沙门菌两者基因组的相似程度达95%以上。根据目前检索到的猪霍乱沙门氏菌的PCR检测方法,都不能区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,在现有技术中,如果要进一步区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,必须在PCR的基础上再附加辅助手段。如林一曼等发表的《实时荧光PCR同时检测丙型副伤寒沙门菌和猪霍乱沙门菌方法的建立和应用》中、《改良分子信标一实时荧光 PCR同时检测猪霍乱沙门菌和丙型副伤寒沙门菌》中,均是在PCR检测的基础上再借助实时荧光技术,才能有效区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌。
而在本发明中,本发明团队通过大量的理论研究以及试验,对特异性引物的序列设计进行优化,发现了上述猪霍乱沙门氏菌的正反引物能够有效区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,无需借助其他技术手段。本发明最终所得的五对引物,其相互之间干扰小、非特异性扩增反应少、灵敏度和特异性高。本发明人认为,本发明的五对特异性引物解决了现有技术中无法单纯依赖PCR检测无法区分猪霍乱沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌的技术问题,取得了显著的进步。
一种采用上述五重PCR引物的试剂盒,包括五重PCR反应体系,所述五重PCR反应体系以总体积50μL计,含有:
2×Multiplex PCR Mix1 25μL,
Multiplex PCR Mix2 0.25μL,
沙门氏菌-F0.4μM,
沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,
肠炎沙门氏菌-F0.4μM,
肠炎沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-F0.4μM,
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,
伤寒沙门氏菌-F0.4μM,
伤寒沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-F0.4μM,
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,
模板4μL,
补水至50μL。
一种采用上述试剂盒在PCR检测四种沙门氏菌血清型中的应用。
作为优选,PCR扩增条件为:94℃1min;94℃30sec;57℃ 30sec;72℃ 45sec;35 个循环,72℃ 10min;4℃;1个循环。
在获得五对特异性引物的基础上,再配合上述试剂盒以及PCR扩增条件上的优化,能够进一步提高灵敏性和准确性。
与现有技术对比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明不仅能够检测是否为沙门氏菌,而且能够单纯通过PCR检测就同时准确地鉴定是否为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌,无需借助其他辅助技术手段。
附图说明
图1为五重PCR检测4种不同血清型沙门氏菌结果;
图2为五重PCR检测10种不同血清型沙门氏菌结果;
图3为五重PCR检测其他细菌的特异度结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例
1材料与方法
1.1试验用病原菌
伤寒沙门氏菌(CICC10867),丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌(CICC21512),鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(CICC21483),肠炎沙门氏菌(CICC24119),猪霍乱沙门氏菌(CICC21493),副溶血性弧菌(ATCC17802)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)、单增李斯特菌(ATCC19115)、创伤弧菌(VV001)、福氏志贺菌(ATCC12022)、大肠杆菌(ATCC25922),拟态弧菌(VM001),宋内氏志贺菌(ATCC51592),表皮葡萄球菌,肠球菌(ATCC33186),弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,沃式葡萄球菌,肺炎克雷伯菌。
1.2主要仪器与试剂
多重PCR扩增试剂盒RR062A(大连宝生物工程有限工司),DL1000bp DNAMarker(大连宝生物工程有限工司),琼脂糖(大连宝生物工程有限工司),PCR扩增仪,凝胶成像仪,电泳仪及配套电泳槽,高速离心机。
1.3引物设计
从NCBI的基因库中上下载鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌的靶基因序列,作同源性比对后在各沙门氏菌靶基因的保守区设计特异性引物。引物合成委托大连宝生物科技有限公司完成,DPO引物序列见表1。
表1五重PCR的DPO引物序列
1.4病原菌定量菌液的制备
将上述病原的菌标准菌株培养至对数期,通过LB琼脂平板计数测的每mL菌落数,将菌样分别用生理盐水进行10倍连续稀释至101CFU/mL。
1.5病原菌基因组DNA提取
取上述定量细菌悬液1mL放入1.5mL eppendof管,15000rpm高速离心1min,倒去上清加入 DNA提取剂100μL混匀后,置沸水中2min,15000rpm高速离心2min,上清即DNA溶液(PCR模板)。
1.6引物五重PCR反应体系优化与建立
2×Multiplex PCR Mix1 25μL,Multiplex PCR Mix2 0.25μL,优化后5对引物终浓度分别为:沙门氏菌-F 0.4μM、沙门氏菌-R 0.4μM,肠炎沙门氏菌-F 0.4μM、肠炎沙门氏菌-R0.4μM,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-F 0.4μM、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-R 0.4μM,伤寒沙门氏菌-F 0.4μM、伤寒沙门氏菌-R 0.4μM,猪霍乱沙门氏菌-F 0.4μM、猪霍乱沙门氏菌-R 0.4μM,模板4μL,补水至50μL,离心后在PCR仪上进行扩增;条件为:94℃ 1min,94℃ 30sec;57℃ 30sec;72℃45sec; 35个循环,72℃10min;4℃;1个循环。反应完毕,2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察结果,特异性条带判断参照标准分子量(DL1000)。
1.7引物PCR的特异度
1.7.1五重PCR内部的特异度
用五重PCR反应体系逐一扩增5种靶基因的DNA,观察是否有非特异性扩增条带产生来验证五重PCR内部的特异度。
1.7.2五重PCR检测其他沙门氏菌的特异度利用非目标沙门氏菌,进行五重PCR反应,观察是否有非特异性扩增条带。
表2-2供试不同血清型沙门氏菌
1.7.3五重PCR检测其他细菌的特异度
用五重PCR反应体系分别对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、创伤弧菌、福氏志贺菌、大肠杆菌,拟态弧菌,宋内氏志贺菌,表皮葡萄球菌,肠球菌,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌的基因组DNA作五重PCR反应,观察是否有非特异扩增条带。
2结果
2.1五重PCR同时检测4种致病菌的方法建立
经优化的五重PCR反应体系可同时对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌进行检测,实现一管多检。五重PCR所扩增的特异性条带与预期扩增长度一致(肠炎沙门氏菌221bp、猪霍乱沙门氏菌342bp、伤寒沙门氏菌532bp、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌656bp,沙门氏菌种特异性基因856bp,见图1,其中,M:DL1000,1肠炎沙门氏菌,2猪霍乱沙门氏菌3伤寒沙门氏菌4鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5肠炎沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌混合。
2.2五重PCR检测方法的特异度
2.2.1五重PCR内部的特异度
建立的五重PCR方法能有效扩增肠炎沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,获得五条特异性扩增条带,上述条带测序后经BLAST比对均处于设计时的靶基因序列范围内。见图1。
2.2.2五重PCR检测其他沙门氏菌的特异度
利用非目标沙门氏菌,进行五重PCR反应,观察是否有非特异性扩增条带。见图2,其中,M:DL1000;1:丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌;2:ZJZSJK-201708;3:ZJZSJK-201709;4:ZJZSJK-201711; 5:ZJZSJK-201713;6:ZJZSJK-201717;7:ZJZSJK-201719;8:ZJZSJK-201722;9:ZJZSJK-201724; 10:ZJZSJK-201729。
只出现沙门氏菌种特异性扩增条件,证明该均为沙门氏菌,未出现其他的非特异性扩增条带。
2.2.3五重PCR检测其他细菌的特异度
对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、创伤弧菌、福氏志贺菌、大肠杆菌,拟态弧菌,宋内氏志贺菌,表皮葡萄球菌,肠球菌,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌等12种细菌基因组DNA的扩增结果均为阴性。见图3,其中,M:DL1000;1:五重PCR特异性扩增条带(221bp、342bp、532bp、656bp、856bp);2:副溶血性弧菌;3:金黄色葡萄球菌;4:单增李斯特菌;5:创伤弧菌;6:福氏志贺菌;7:大肠杆菌;8:拟态弧菌;9:宋内氏志贺菌;10:表皮葡萄球菌;11:肠球菌;12:弗氏柠檬酸杆菌;13:肺炎克雷伯菌。
从以上验证结果可以得知,本发明建立的五重PCR检测4种不用血清型沙门氏菌具有很好特异度。本发明不仅能够检测是否为沙门氏菌,而且能够单纯通过PCR检测就同时准确地鉴定是否为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌,无需借助其他辅助技术手段。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 舟山出入境检验检疫局综合技术服务中心
<120> 一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR引物、试剂盒及其应用
<130> 2018
<160> 10
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 2
aatactgcgc tgccagatag 20
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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tggttggttc gtcactgatt 20
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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ctacgttcgt tcttctggta ctt 23
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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cacctccact actacaagga aac 23
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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Claims (4)
1.一种检测四种沙门氏菌血清型的五重PCR引物,包括五对特异性引物,其特征在于:所述五对特异性引物分别为:
沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.1所示;
沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.2所示;
肠炎沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.3所示;
肠炎沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.4所示;
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.5所示;
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.6所示;
伤寒沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.7所示;
伤寒沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.8所示;
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-F,序列信息如SEQ ID No.9所示;
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-R,序列信息如SEQ ID No.10所示。
2.一种采用如权利要求1所述五重PCR引物的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括五重PCR反应体系,所述五重PCR反应体系以总体积50µL计,含有:
2×Multiplex PCR Mix1 25µL,
Multiplex PCR Mix2 0.25µL,
沙门氏菌-F 0.4µM,
沙门氏菌-R 0.4µM,
肠炎沙门氏菌-F 0.4µM,
肠炎沙门氏菌-R 0.4µM,
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-F 0.4µM,
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌-R 0.4µM,
伤寒沙门氏菌-F 0.4µM,
伤寒沙门氏菌-R 0.4µM,
猪霍乱沙门氏菌-F 0.4µM,
猪霍乱沙门氏菌- R 0.4µM,
模板4 µL,
补水至50µL。
3.一种采用如权利要求2所述试剂盒在PCR检测四种沙门氏菌血清型中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,PCR扩增条件为:94℃ 1min;94℃30sec;57℃30sec;72℃ 45sec;35个循环,72℃ 10min;4℃;1个循环。
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