CN109443537B - Spectral imager based on multiple image surfaces - Google Patents
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- CN109443537B CN109443537B CN201910019802.XA CN201910019802A CN109443537B CN 109443537 B CN109443537 B CN 109443537B CN 201910019802 A CN201910019802 A CN 201910019802A CN 109443537 B CN109443537 B CN 109443537B
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Abstract
The utility model provides a spectral imaging appearance based on many times image planes relates to spectral imaging appearance technical field, solved the structure relatively complicated, bulky, heavy and can't work in video imaging mode problem, including the leading mirror group that sets gradually, multichannel light filter and camera one, the function of target formation of image is realized to the leading mirror group, the multichannel light filter is arranged in on the N image planes of leading mirror group, divide into the monochromatic light of different spectral bands with the light beam incident thereupon, the monochromatic light of different spectral bands is incident on camera one, camera one acquires the hyperspectral image, camera one is located the image plane of N + M times, N is the integer that is more than or equal to 1, M is the integer that is more than or equal to 0. The invention can obtain hyperspectral images in real time, has simple structure, small volume and low cost, can display high-frame-frequency area array video imaging in real time, can simultaneously have video and push-broom imaging modes and has digital TDI integration capability. The method is used for area array video imaging and digital TDI push-broom imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectral imagers, in particular to a spectral imager based on multiple image planes.
Background
The spectral imager is widely and deeply applied to the fields of mapping, crop general survey, food and drug detection, safety inspection, industrial detection, cultural relic identification, environment monitoring, natural disaster assessment, mineral exploration, biomedical detection, security monitoring, military target early warning, identification and the like.
At present, a spectrum imager usually performs remote sensing work in the modes of aviation, aerospace and unmanned aerial vehicle loads, the size and the weight of the spectrum imager are very critical, and particularly as an aerospace load, the size and the weight which are difficult to compress greatly increase the emission cost of the spectrum imager. Therefore, the research on miniaturization and light weight of the spectral imager has very urgent needs. In the existing spectral imaging instrument, the traditional spectral spectroscopy technology such as prism and grating is often adopted as a light splitting device, the structure of the traditional spectral imaging instrument is relatively complex, and the traditional spectral imaging instrument becomes a bottleneck of miniaturization and lightweight design.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a spectral imager based on multiple image planes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the utility model provides a spectral imaging appearance based on image surface many times, is including the leading mirror group that sets gradually, multichannel light filter and camera one, the function of target formation of image is realized to leading mirror group, on the N image surface of leading mirror group was arranged in to the multichannel light filter, will incide the monochromatic light that falls into different spectral bands on it, the monochromatic light of different spectral bands incides camera one is last, and camera one acquires the high spectral image, and camera one is located (N + M) image surface of times, and N is more than or equal to 1's integer, and M is more than or equal to 0's integer.
A method for installing a spectral imager based on multiple image surfaces comprises the following steps:
step one, mounting a front lens group on a light shield;
assembling the multi-channel optical filter on the light shield and locating the multi-channel optical filter at the image surface for N times;
step three, assembling the first camera on the shading cover and locating the first camera at the (N + M) times image surface, and adjusting the focal plane position of the first camera by a monochromatic imaging method;
step four, adjusting the multi-channel optical filter to enable the position precision of the multi-channel optical filter and the optical axis verticality of the multi-channel optical filter to meet requirements, and gluing the multi-channel optical filter on the light shield;
fifthly, adjusting the position of the first camera to reach the optimal focal plane position in the multispectral imaging mode by taking the multichannel optical filter as a reference;
and sixthly, monitoring the alignment condition of the first pixel of the camera and the unit channel on the multi-channel optical filter in a monochromatic spectral imaging mode, and finely adjusting the position of the first camera through a precision adjusting mechanism to ensure that the alignment precision of the unit channel of the multi-channel optical filter and the first pixel of the camera is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus completing the installation.
An application of a spectrum imager based on multiple image surfaces in area array video imaging or in digital TDI push-broom imaging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a multi-channel optical filter is utilized in a hyperspectral channel, and a first camera is used for obtaining hyperspectral images of a plurality of spectral bands, so that the hyperspectral images can be obtained in real time.
2. The spectrum imager is simple in structure, small in size, low in cost and capable of displaying high-frame-frequency area-array video imaging in real time, has video and push-broom imaging modes at the same time and has digital TDI integration capacity by aligning the multi-channel optical filter and the camera.
3. The spectral imager is a multi-mode high-performance hyperspectral imager with high time, high space and high spectral resolution.
4. The spectral imager obtained by the method for mounting the spectral imager based on multiple image planes is high in precision and good in imaging effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel optical filter of a spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of each unit array of a spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an integration schematic diagram of a digital TDI hyperspectral imaging mode of the spectral imager based on multiple image planes.
Fig. 4 is a dual-channel optical path structure diagram of the spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual-channel optical path of the spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a light shield of a spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an integration schematic diagram of a digital TDI full-color imaging mode of the spectral imager based on multiple image planes according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the system comprises a front lens group, 2, a multi-channel optical filter, 3, a relay lens group, 4, CMOS cameras I and 5, a spectroscope, 6, CMOS cameras II and 7, an image fusion device, 8, a display device, 9, an LED light supplement lamp, 10 and a light shield.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A spectrum imager based on multiple image surfaces comprises a front lens group 1, a multi-channel optical filter 2 and a first camera which are sequentially arranged. The front lens group 1 realizes the function of imaging the target. The multi-channel optical filter 2 is arranged on the N-time image surface of the front lens group 1, and divides the light beams incident thereon into monochromatic light with different spectral bands. The first camera is located on the (N + M) secondary image plane of the front lens group 1 and acquires a hyperspectral image. N is an integer of 1 or more, and M is an integer of 0 or more.
Incident light beams of a shooting target enter the front lens group 1, the incident light beams are converged by the front lens group 1 and converged on the multi-channel light filter 2, the incident light beams are divided into monochromatic light with different spectral bands by the multi-channel light filter 2, and all the monochromatic light is projected onto the first camera to finish spectrum fingerprint sampling, namely, a hyperspectral image is obtained.
The hyperspectral images of a plurality of spectral bands are obtained through the multi-channel optical filter 2 arranged at the N times of image surfaces in the hyperspectral channel and the camera I arranged at the (N + M) times of phase surfaces, and the hyperspectral images can be obtained in real time. The multichannel optical filter 2 is aligned with the camera I, so that the video/push-broom dual-mode imaging can be realized, the video and push-broom imaging modes are realized, the structure is simple, the size is miniaturized, the cost is low, the high-frame-frequency area-array video imaging real-time display is realized, and the digital TDI integration capability is realized. The spectral imager is a multi-mode high-performance hyperspectral imager with high time, high space and high spectral resolution. Compared with the traditional hyperspectral imaging technology, the video hyperspectral imaging technology has the advantages of light weight, small volume, simple structure, high stability and the like, and has the capabilities of acquiring data of multiple wave bands by high frame frequency, staring imaging and single exposure and the like.
When M is greater than 0, the spectral imager further comprises a relay lens group 3, the relay lens group 3 is located between the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the first camera, monochromatic light of different spectral bands is divided by the multi-channel optical filter 2, and the monochromatic light is incident on the first camera after being acted by the relay lens group 3. The relay lens group 3 focuses the N-th order image plane on the (N + M) -th order image plane.
When M is equal to 0, the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the first camera are positioned on the same image surface, the relay lens group 3 is not arranged between the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the first camera, and the multi-channel optical filter 2 is attached to the lens of the first camera.
And when N is more than 1, adjusting lens groups are arranged on the front lens group 1 and the multi-channel optical filter 2, the incident beam mirror front lens group 1 converges and transmits to the adjusting lens groups, the adjusting lens groups converge light beams incident on the incident beam mirror front lens group to N times of image surfaces, namely to the multi-channel optical filter 2 on the N times of image surfaces, and the light beams are divided into monochromatic light with different spectral bands through the multi-channel optical filter 2. If M is not equal to 0, all monochromatic light is transmitted to the relay lens group 3, and after the function of the relay lens group 3, the monochromatic light is projected to a camera i positioned on the (N + M) image plane to complete spectrum fingerprint sampling, and then a hyperspectral image is obtained. If N is equal to 1, no adjusting lens group is arranged between the front lens group 1 and the multi-channel optical filter 2.
The relay lens group 3 may be a transmissive relay lens group or a reflective relay lens group.
In this embodiment and the following embodiments, N is set to 1, and M is also set to 1, that is, the multichannel filter 2 is located on the primary phase plane, the first camera is located on the secondary phase plane, and in fig. 4 and 5, N is 1 and M is 1.
The first camera adopts a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) camera 4, and the video hyperspectral imager takes a multi-channel optical filter 2 (also called a pixel-level optical filter) as a main light splitting means, and a plurality of hyperspectral channels are formed on the multi-channel optical filter 2. The spectral imager adopts a multi-channel optical filter 2 for light splitting, the multi-channel optical filter 2 is designed into an array area of A multiplied by A (A is a positive integer), each unit channel in a unit array realizes light splitting through different coating films, when light rays enter the multi-channel optical filter 2, light passing through different unit channels is emitted into different wavelengths, and therefore different narrow-band quasi-monochromatic light rays are obtained. Designing the number m of channels in a unit array according to the hyperspectral imaging requirement; designing the channel size according to the size of a 4-pixel of the CMOS camera; the array quantity P in the multi-channel optical filter 2 is determined according to the channel quantity m in the unit array and the first 4 pixel quantity n of the CMOS camera, P is approximately equal to n/m, and the channel quantity and the channel spectrum section in each array are the same. In this embodiment, the multichannel filter 2 is a 25 × 25 multichannel filter 2 as shown in fig. 1, where "BAND" in the drawing indicates a wavelength BAND, BAND1 to BAND25 indicate 25 different wavelength BANDs, a region framed by a rectangular dotted line is a unit array, the number of the unit array in fig. 1 is 4, 5 × 5 to 25 unit channels are designed in the unit array, and correspond to BAND1 to BAND25, and the wavelengths corresponding to the 25 unit channels of each of the unit arrays BAND1 to BAND25 are specifically shown in fig. 2. Taking the channel size of 11 μm × 11 μm as an example, the pixel size of the first camera is also 11 μm × 11 μm, and when light passes through the pixel-level high-spectrum channel, light passing through different arrays is divided into 25 kinds of narrow-band quasi-monochromatic light with different wavelengths. The alignment precision of the unit channel of the multi-channel optical filter 2 and a 4-pixel element of the CMOS camera is less than or equal to 1 micron. The CMOS camera I4 acquires the spectral information of 25 spectral bands in the array, and reconstructs and identifies the spectral data of the 25 spectral bands in each array. The above-mentioned multi-channel filter 2 having 25 unit channels and the arrangement order are only an example of the present embodiment, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the number of fig. 1 and2, nor to the arrangement order of fig. 1 and2 in the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, an integration process of a digital TDI hyperspectral imaging mode is realized for a video hyperspectral imager, and digital TDI push-broom imaging is realized by adopting a mode of single line period exposure acquisition and corresponding superposition of a plurality of line period interval spectral images. T0-T10 show the beginning and end of the digital TDI line period, the push-scan direction is downward, an interlaced integration mode is adopted, single-line pixels are continuously exposed and imaged at intervals, T0-T5 are one integration period, T5-T10 are the next integration period, the two integration periods are accumulated, namely image accumulation is carried out on the pixels of the lines at intervals of 5, the area 1-1 framed by the dotted line accumulates the area 1-2 framed by the dotted line, and the area 2-1 framed by the dotted line accumulates the area 2-2 framed by the dotted line. The indexes of area array video mode imaging and push-broom mode imaging realized by the spectral imager are shown in the following table.
The invention can accurately realize spectrum separation and avoid spectrum aliasing. In order to accurately realize spectrum separation and avoid spectrum aliasing, monochromatic light separated by different unit channels in each array region on the multi-channel optical filter 2 needs to be accurately in one-to-one correspondence with pixels of a CMOS camera I4, and the alignment precision of 1 micron between the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the CMOS camera I4 needs to be achieved, so that the matching, aligning and adjusting difficulty between the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the CMOS camera I4 is high. Aiming at the problem, the following method is adopted: the front lens group 1 (and the relay lens group 3) is arranged on the lens hood 10; assembling the multi-channel filter 2 to the light shield 10; assembling the multi-channel optical filter 2 in place by an optical detection means, namely assembling the multi-channel optical filter 2 at the image surface for N times, wherein the multi-channel optical filter is not at an accurate position, and then performing fine adjustment; assembling a first camera on the lens hood 10 and at the (N + M) time image surface of the front lens group 1, and finely adjusting the position of a first 4 focal planes of the CMOS camera by a monochromatic spectral imaging method, wherein the preliminary adjustment in the lens hood 10 is completed; the position precision and the optical axis verticality of the multi-channel optical filter 2 meet the requirements by repairing and matching the optical filter component, namely a certain angle is met, and the optical filter is glued on the light shield 10 after the optical filter is repaired and adjusted in place; then, the position of the CMOS camera I4 is adjusted under the CMOS camera I4 multispectral imaging mode by taking the multichannel optical filter 2 as a reference, and the optimal focal plane position of the CMOS camera I4, namely the optimal focal plane position of the light shield 10, is found; the position of the CMOS camera I4 is further finely adjusted through a fine adjustment mechanism, a fine displacement adjustment table is adopted in the fine adjustment mechanism, the alignment condition of a CMOS camera I4 pixel and a unit channel on the corresponding multi-channel optical filter 2 is monitored through a CMOS camera I4 monochromatic spectral imaging mode, micron-scale matching alignment between the CMOS camera I4 pixel and different unit channels on the multi-channel optical filter 2 is achieved through repeated adjustment and monitoring, finally, the alignment accuracy of the unit channel of the multi-channel optical filter 2 and the camera I pixel is smaller than or equal to 1 micron, and installation is completed.
The invention discloses a spectral imager based on multiple image planes, which further comprises a spectroscope 5 and a second camera. The structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4, the optical path diagram is shown in fig. 5, the spectroscope 5 is arranged between the front lens group 1 and the multi-channel optical filter 2, an incident beam of a target is converged by the front lens group 1 and transmitted to the spectroscope 5, the spectroscope 5 divides the incident beam into a transmission light and a reflection light, the transmission light is sequentially transmitted to a primary image plane (N image planes), a relay lens group 3 and a secondary image plane (N + M image planes), and a camera acquires a hyperspectral image; the reflected light is transmitted to the second camera, and the second camera acquires a full-color image. The spectral imager further comprises an image fusion device 7 and a display device 8 connected with the image fusion device 7, wherein the first camera is connected with the image fusion device 7 and transmits the hyperspectral image to the image fusion device 7, and the second camera is connected with the image fusion device 7 and transmits the panchromatic image to the image fusion device 7. The image fusion device 7 receives the hyperspectral image and the full-color image, and then fuses the hyperspectral image and the full-color image to obtain a color image. The color image is transmitted to the display device 8 and displayed by the display device 8. An LED light supplement lamp 9 can be arranged in front of the front lens group 1 to supplement light for a panchromatic channel and/or a hyperspectral channel. The second camera may adopt a second CMOS camera 6, that is, both the first camera and the second camera may adopt CMOS cameras. The spectral imager also comprises a light shield 10, wherein the front lens group 1, the multi-channel optical filter 2, the relay lens group 3 and the first camera are all arranged in the light shield 10, the spectroscope 5 and the second camera are also arranged in the light shield 10, and the shape of the light shield 10 is shown in fig. 6.
Incident light beams of a target are converged and transmitted to a spectroscope 5 through a front lens group 1, and the incident light beams are respectively projected to a panchromatic channel (reflected light) and a hyperspectral channel (transmitted light) by the spectroscope 5 according to a specific ratio (such as 3: 7); in the hyperspectral channel, a multichannel optical filter 2 is used for dividing transmission light into monochromatic light with different spectral bands, and the monochromatic light is projected to a CMOS camera I4 to finish spectral fingerprint sampling so as to obtain a hyperspectral image; in the panchromatic channel, the CMOS camera two 6 obtains a full color image. Finally, the image fusion device 7 (process in fig. 4) performs spectral reconstruction and target recognition analysis on the obtained hyperspectral image and the panchromatic image, and restores a high-resolution color image. The color image is displayed by the display device 8.
The panchromatic channel also has a digital TDI panchromatic imaging mode, the digital TDI integration process is shown in FIG. 7, the two channels of integration can be performed synchronously, T0-T5 in FIG. 7 completely correspond to T0-T5 in FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is the integration of the bottom row of the cell array.
The two channels (panchromatic channel and hyperspectral channel) can realize area array video imaging and digital TDI push-broom imaging, the first camera adopts GSESE400BSI chip of Chen core company, and the resolution ratio: 2048 × 2048, pixel size 11 μm, target surface size 22.5 × 22.5mm, and target surface diagonal size 31.815 mm.
The invention adopts an optical design for eliminating spectrum aliasing, and particularly refers to fig. 5. A multichannel optical filter 2 is directly coupled with a camera target surface through a relay lens group 3, and the magnification of the relay lens group 3 is-1 x. The rear of the front lens group 1 is subjected to light splitting through a light splitter 5, and transmitted light passes through a multi-channel light filter 2 and a relay lens at the rear end to image a hyperspectral image onto a target surface of a camera. The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 5 is imaged on two target surfaces of the camera. The light beam is directly imaged on the first camera through the multi-channel light filter 2 or is coupled through the multi-channel light filter 2 and the relay lens group 3 and then imaged on the first camera, spectrum aliasing is eliminated, and definition and high resolution of a hyperspectral image are guaranteed.
The dual-channel spectral imager not only can obtain color images, but also can obtain high-resolution color images. Not only can image the detection target, but also can acquire abundant spectral information thereof. Area array video imaging and digital TDI push-broom imaging can be realized on double channels. The spectral imager is suitable for area array video imaging and digital TDI push-broom imaging. The system is a breakthrough in the technologies of digital TDI hyperspectral imaging, real-time hyperspectral image reconstruction, target identification and the like, fills the blank of the multimode hyperspectral imaging technology in China, breaks through technical monopoly and blockade outside the country in the field, and masters the core technology of the multimode hyperspectral imager at home and abroad, and is the first multimode high-performance hyperspectral imager in the world. The invention makes a contribution to breaking through the technical bottleneck of the fields of China, such as aerospace remote sensing (video and push-broom), space sensing and the like, on multi-mode hyperspectral imaging. The spectral imager which takes the light splitting technology as the core combines the imaging technology and the spectral technology together to accurately detect weak components of enemy satellites.
Claims (8)
1. The spectrum imager based on multiple image surfaces is characterized by comprising a front lens group (1), a multi-channel optical filter (2) and a first camera, wherein the front lens group (1) is sequentially arranged, the multi-channel optical filter (2) is arranged on the N image surfaces of the front lens group (1) and divides light beams incident on the multi-channel optical filter into monochromatic light with different spectral bands, the monochromatic light with different spectral bands is incident on the first camera, the first camera acquires a hyperspectral image, the first camera is positioned on the (N + M) image surfaces, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 0; the device also comprises a spectroscope (5) and a camera II; the high-spectrum image acquisition system comprises a front lens group (1), a multi-channel optical filter (2), a spectroscope (5), a camera I, a camera II and a camera II, wherein the spectroscope (5) is arranged between the front lens group (1) and the multi-channel optical filter (2), incident light beams of a target are converged and transmitted to the spectroscope (5) through the front lens group (1), the incident light beams are divided into transmission light and reflection light by the spectroscope (5), the transmission light is sequentially transmitted to the multi-channel optical filter (2) and the camera I; still include image fusion device (7) and connect display device (8) of image fusion device (7), camera one connects image fusion device (7) to transmit hyperspectral image to image fusion device (7), camera two connects image fusion device (7), and transmits full-color image to image fusion device (7), and image fusion device (7) fuses hyperspectral image and full-color image and obtains the color image, and the color image passes through display device (8) and shows.
2. The multi-image-plane based spectral imager of claim 1, wherein the alignment accuracy of the unit channels of the multi-channel filter (2) and a pixel of the camera is less than or equal to 1 micron.
3. The spectroscopic imager of claim 1, wherein when N >1, the spectroscopic imager further comprises an adjusting mirror group located between the front mirror group (1) and the multi-channel filter (2), wherein the incident light beam of the target is converged by the front mirror group (1) and then transmitted to the adjusting mirror group, and the adjusting mirror group converges the light beam incident thereon to the multi-channel filter (2).
4. The spectroscopic imager based on multiple image planes as set forth in claim 1, wherein when M >0, the spectroscopic imager further comprises a relay lens group (3), the relay lens group (3) is located between the multi-channel optical filter (2) and the first camera, and monochromatic light divided into different spectral bands by the multi-channel optical filter (2) is incident on the first camera through the relay lens group (3).
5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a light shield (10), wherein the front lens group (1), the multi-channel filter (2) and the camera are all mounted in the light shield (10).
6. The method for mounting a spectral imager based on multiple image planes as claimed in claim 5, comprising the steps of:
step one, mounting a front lens group (1) on a lens hood (10);
step two, assembling the multi-channel optical filter (2) on the light shield (10) and locating at the image surface for N times;
step three, assembling the first camera on the lens hood (10) and locating at the (N + M) times image surface, and adjusting the focal plane position of the first camera by a monochromatic imaging method;
step four, adjusting the multi-channel optical filter (2) to enable the position precision of the multi-channel optical filter (2) and the optical axis verticality of the multi-channel optical filter (2) to meet requirements, and gluing the multi-channel optical filter (2) on the light shield (10);
fifthly, the position of the camera I is adjusted under the multispectral imaging mode by taking the multi-channel optical filter (2) as a reference to enable the camera I to reach the optimal focal plane position;
and sixthly, monitoring the alignment condition of the first pixel of the camera and the unit channel on the multi-channel optical filter (2) in a monochromatic spectral imaging mode, and finely adjusting the position of the first camera through a precision adjusting mechanism to ensure that the alignment precision of the unit channel of the multi-channel optical filter (2) and the first pixel of the camera is less than or equal to 1 micron, thus completing the installation.
7. The multi-image-plane based spectral imager of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the imager is used for area-array video imaging or digital TDI push-broom imaging.
8. The application of the multi-image-plane-based spectral imager in digital TDI push-scan imaging as claimed in claim 7, wherein the digital TDI push-scan imaging is implemented by means of single line period exposure acquisition and corresponding superposition of a plurality of line period interval spectral images.
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| CN110132415A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Pixel grade multi-channel filter and the tunable video hyperspectral imager of pixel grade |
| CN110186565B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-10-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Pixel-level multi-channel optical filter and pixel-level scanning type hyperspectral imager |
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| CN110823374B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Spectral imaging method and system for simultaneously obtaining high-space and high-spectral-resolution spectral images |
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| WO2021171905A1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Imaging device |
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