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CN109435771B - Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device - Google Patents

Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109435771B
CN109435771B CN201710775017.8A CN201710775017A CN109435771B CN 109435771 B CN109435771 B CN 109435771B CN 201710775017 A CN201710775017 A CN 201710775017A CN 109435771 B CN109435771 B CN 109435771B
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equalization
battery
soc value
soc
value
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CN109435771A (en
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
刘苑红
张祥
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a battery equalization method, a system, a vehicle, a storage medium, and an electronic device, the method comprising: acquiring the SOC value of a single battery to be balanced in a battery pack; acquiring a reference SOC value required by balancing; determining a target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization time period to a unit cycle in the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization time period and a sampling time period; and controlling the balance of the single battery to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle according to the target balancing duration.

Description

Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of control technologies, and in particular, to a battery equalization method, a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a storage medium, and an electronic device.
Background
A large-capacity battery that provides power energy for an electric vehicle is often referred to as a power battery. The vehicle power battery is generally formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series to form a module. With the use of batteries, the difference between the single batteries is gradually enlarged, the consistency between the single batteries is poor, the capacity of the battery pack is limited due to the short plate effect of the batteries, the capacity of the battery pack cannot be fully exerted, and the whole capacity of the battery pack is reduced. On the other hand, the gradual expansion of the difference between the single batteries may cause overcharge of some single batteries, over-discharge of some single batteries, affect the service life of the batteries, damage the batteries, and generate a large amount of heat to cause combustion or explosion of the batteries.
Therefore, the method has the advantages of effectively and uniformly managing the power batteries of the electric automobile, being beneficial to improving the consistency of the batteries in the power battery pack, reducing the capacity loss of the batteries, prolonging the service life of the batteries and the driving range of the electric automobile, and having very important significance.
At present, balancing management is performed on a battery pack, battery information of each single battery in the battery pack is usually acquired in real time, whether the single battery needs balancing or not is determined according to the acquired battery information, and when the single battery needs balancing, balancing duration is further determined according to the battery information. However, in such a manner, equalization may be performed while acquiring battery information, and fluctuation of the battery information may be caused in the equalization process, which may cause inaccuracy of the acquired battery information, and further cause inaccuracy of the calculated equalization duration and poor equalization effect when a single battery needs equalization.
Disclosure of Invention
The method can separately perform sampling and equalization in a unit period, ensures the accuracy of acquired battery information, calculates the equalization duration accurately, and improves the equalization effect of a battery pack.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a battery equalization method, including:
acquiring the SOC value of a single battery to be balanced in a battery pack;
acquiring a reference SOC value required by balancing;
determining a target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization time period to a unit cycle in the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization time period and a sampling time period;
and controlling the balance of the single battery to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle according to the target balancing duration.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a battery equalization system, the system comprising: the device comprises a balancing module, an acquisition module and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring battery information of a battery pack, and the battery information is used for determining the SOC value of each single battery in the battery pack;
the control module is used for acquiring the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced in the battery pack; acquiring a reference SOC value required by balancing; determining a target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of the equalization time period to the unit period; controlling the balance of the single batteries to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle according to the target balancing duration;
the balancing module is used for balancing the single batteries to be balanced under the control of the control module.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a vehicle comprising the battery equalization system of the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.
In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising:
the computer-readable storage medium of the fourth aspect; and
one or more processors to execute the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
Through the technical scheme, the acquisition and the balance of the battery information are carried out in a unit period in a time-sharing manner, so that the influence of balance current on the accuracy of the battery information acquisition is avoided when the battery information acquisition and the balance are carried out simultaneously; on the other hand, the proportion of the equalization time period to the adopted time period in the unit time length can be reflected through the equalization duty ratio, so that the target equalization time length calculated under the condition of considering the equalization duty ratio can better equalize the single batteries needing equalization, and meanwhile, a novel method for determining the target equalization time length is provided.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single batteries share one equalization module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system of another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single batteries share one equalization module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is an open circuit voltage OCV-remaining capacity SOC curve of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. This battery equalizing system includes: a control module 101, an acquisition module 102 and a balancing module 103. The battery equalization system can be used to equalize the battery pack 104.
In one embodiment, each cell corresponds to one acquisition module 102 and one equalization module 103. The acquisition module 102 and the equalization module 103 corresponding to the same single battery are respectively connected with the control module 101 through different control channels. The control module can comprise a control chip, the control chip is respectively connected with the acquisition module and the balance module corresponding to the same single battery through two pins, and the two pins correspond to the two channels one by one.
In this embodiment, the control module 101 controls the acquisition module 102 and the equalization module 103 to conduct in a time-sharing manner according to a unit cycle, and respectively performs acquisition of battery information and equalization of a battery, so that the acquisition of the battery information and the equalization are performed in a time-sharing manner. The influence of the equalizing current on the accuracy of battery information acquisition is avoided when the battery information acquisition and the equalization are simultaneously carried out.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, each of the cells is connected to an acquisition module 102 and an equalization module 103, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single batteries, the number of the acquisition modules 102 is N, and the number of the equalization modules 103 is N, so that the control module 101 is connected to the N acquisition modules and the N equalization modules through 2 × N control channels, respectively.
In other embodiments, different cells may share an equalization module, for example, N cells in a battery pack, the same equalization module may be shared, or one equalization module may be shared for each predetermined number (e.g., 2, 3, or 5, etc.) of cells, and so on. When at least two single batteries in the multiple single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle.
Referring to fig. 2, two single batteries share one balancing module, and when two single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in a balancing period of a unit cycle. The alternate connection may be a connection that alternates according to a certain period. For example, referring to fig. 2, when the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to one of the two single batteries 111 is closed for 2s under the control of the control module 14, the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to the other of the two single batteries 111 is opened for 2s under the control of the control module 14. That is, the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to each of the two single batteries 111 is switched from the closed state to the open state or from the open state to the closed state every two seconds in the equalization period. Therefore, on the basis of time-sharing conduction of the acquisition module and the equalization module, the single batteries sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module during the equalization time period, and equalization is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery equalization system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
This battery equalizing system includes: a control module 301, an acquisition module 302, and an equalization module 303, which can be used to equalize a battery pack 304. The battery pack 304 includes a plurality of unit cells connected in series. The control module 301 is connected with the acquisition module 302 and the equalization module 303 corresponding to the same single battery through a control channel 305, and the control module 301 is used for controlling the control module 301 to be connected with the corresponding sampling module 302 when determining that the single battery connected with the control module 301 does not need to be equalized; or, the control module 301 is further configured to multiplex the channel 305 in time division according to a unit cycle by the acquisition module 302 and the equalization module 303 when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module 301 needs to be equalized.
One unit period includes: an acquisition period and an equalization period. The control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to sample the battery information of the single battery in an acquisition time period to obtain the battery information of the single battery. The battery information includes at least one of: voltage, current, temperature, etc. In one embodiment, the battery information may include only the voltage value, and thus, the voltage performance parameter of the unit battery may be obtained. In another embodiment, the battery information may also include a voltage value, a current value, a temperature value, and the like, so as to obtain performance parameters such as SOC (State of Charge), internal resistance, self-discharge rate, and the like of the single battery.
The control module 301 determines the single battery to be balanced, which needs to be balanced, according to the battery information of the single battery acquired by the acquisition module 302. For the single battery to be equalized which needs to be started, the control module 301 controls the equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized, and equalizes the single battery to be equalized in an equalization time period.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the acquisition module and the balancing module share the same control channel, the control module controls the acquisition module and the balancing module, and the control channel is multiplexed in time according to a unit period, so that the influence of balancing current on the accuracy of battery information acquisition is avoided when the battery information acquisition and the balancing are performed simultaneously; on the other hand, compared with the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the requirement for the number of channels of the control module chip is reduced, and the hardware cost can be saved.
In one embodiment, a switch K is disposed in a control channel shared by the acquisition module and the equalization module, and the control module 301 is connected to the switch K and is connected to the acquisition module 302 or the equalization module 303 in a time-sharing manner by controlling the switch K. When the switch K is connected with the acquisition module 302, the control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to acquire battery information of the single battery in an acquisition period; when the switch K is connected to the balancing module 303, the control module 301 controls the balancing module 303 to balance the corresponding single battery.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, each cell of the battery is connected to an acquisition module 302 and an equalization module 303, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single batteries, the number of the acquisition modules 302 is N, and the number of the equalization modules 303 is N, so that the control module 301 is connected to the acquisition modules and the equalization modules through N control channels.
In other embodiments, different cells may share an equalization module, for example, N cells in a battery pack, the same equalization module may be shared, or one equalization module may be shared for each predetermined number (e.g., 2, 3, or 5, etc.) of cells, and so on. When at least two single batteries in the multiple single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle.
Referring to fig. 4, an exemplary schematic diagram of two unit cells sharing one balancing module is shown. When two single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle. The alternate connection may be a connection that alternates according to a certain period. Therefore, on the basis of time-sharing conduction of the acquisition module and the equalization module, the single batteries sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module during the equalization time period, and equalization is realized.
In one embodiment, the collecting module may be a voltage collecting chip for collecting the voltage of the single battery during the collecting period.
Referring to fig. 5, based on the battery balancing system shown in any one of the embodiments of fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, or fig. 4, the battery balancing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
in step S51, the SOC value of the battery cell to be equalized in the battery pack is acquired.
In step S52, a reference SOC value required for equalization is acquired.
In step S53, a target equalization duration of the battery cell to be equalized is determined according to the SOC value of the battery cell to be equalized, the reference SOC value, and a preset equalization duty ratio, where the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit period in a unit cycle, and the unit cycle includes the equalization period and a sampling period.
In step S54, the equalization of the unit cells to be equalized is controlled in the equalization period of the unit cycle in accordance with the target equalization time length.
The sampling module may collect battery information (including a voltage value, a current value, a temperature value, and the like) of each battery cell in the battery pack, and the control module may calculate the SOC value according to the battery information collected by the sampling module.
For any single battery in the battery pack, an ampere-hour integration method or an ampere-hour integration combined with a voltage correction method can be adopted to calculate the SOC value of the single battery.
The ampere-hour integration method is to integrate the acquired current value of the single battery with time to obtain the SOC value of the single battery; the ampere-hour integration combined voltage correction method is that firstly, an ampere-hour integration method is adopted to calculate the SOC value of a single battery, then the calculated SOC value is corrected by using the load voltage value of the single battery, and the corrected SOC value is used as the final SOC value of the single battery.
The voltage value of the single battery collected in the sampling period of the unit cycle is a load voltage value of the single battery, i.e., a voltage value during the charging or discharging process of the single battery. The OCV value of the unit cell can be obtained from the correspondence relationship between the load voltage value and the OCV value, that is, the OCV value is the load voltage value + the internal resistance value of the unit cell × the charge current value or the discharge current value of the unit cell.
Because each single battery corresponds to an OCV-SOC curve, as shown in FIG. 6, the variation amplitude of the OCV value is larger in the interval [0, SOC1] and the interval [ SOC2,1], so that the SOC value obtained by the ampere-hour integration combined with the voltage correction method is more accurate; in the interval (SOC1, SOC2), the change range of the OCV value is small, and if the ampere-hour integration is used in the interval in combination with the voltage correction method, the SOC value of the battery cell may not be accurately obtained, and the battery cell to be equalized may not be accurately determined, so the SOC value obtained by the ampere-hour integration method is more accurate.
Optionally, in order to accurately calculate the SOC value of any single battery, in an embodiment, the value range of the SOC value is divided into an end value of 0 and a first SOC value (e.g., the SOC in fig. 6) according to the OCV-SOC curve of the corresponding single battery1) The end values of the first interval of (1) are the first SOC value and the second SOC value (such as the SOC in FIG. 6)2) The second interval and the third interval whose end values are the second SOC value and 100%, the method of calculating the SOC value includes a first calculation mode and a second calculation mode, wherein the first calculation mode corresponds to the first interval and the third interval, and the second calculation mode corresponds to the second interval. Accordingly, the above step S51 includes the following steps:
for any single battery in the battery pack, the control module determines the SOC value of the single battery according to a first calculation mode.
And when the SOC value determined according to the first calculation mode belongs to the second interval, the control module re-determines the SOC value of the single battery according to the second calculation mode.
Optionally, the first calculation mode is an ampere-hour integral method or an ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method, and the second calculation mode is a different calculation mode from the first calculation mode in the ampere-hour integral method and the ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first interval and the third interval have a large voltage change rate, so an ampere-hour integration method may be adopted, and the SOC value of the battery may be calculated by correcting the first interval and the third interval in combination with the real-time voltage (in this case, the load voltage) of the battery. In the second interval, the accuracy of the introduced voltage quantity calculation SOC value is not high due to the small battery voltage change rate, so that the SOC value can be directly calculated by adopting an ampere-hour integration method. By means of the method, how to obtain the SOC value of the single battery can be further determined according to different SOC value intervals of the single battery, so that the obtained SOC value of the single battery is accurate, and the determined single battery needing to be balanced is accurate.
In another embodiment, at the moment when the battery just works, the SOC value of the battery can be calculated by using an open-circuit voltage method, that is, the voltage value of the battery (equivalent to the open-circuit voltage value at this time) is collected, and the SOC value of the battery can be calculated by looking up the OCV-SOC correspondence relationship.
Optionally, the first calculation mode is a calculation mode adopted by the single battery to calculate the SOC value last time.
For any single battery in the battery pack, firstly, the SOC value of the single battery can be calculated by adopting any one of an ampere-hour integral method and an ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method, and the calculation method adopted at this time is the first calculation method. Next, two cases will be described in which the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral method and the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral combined with a voltage correction method.
The first condition is as follows: the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral method, and correspondingly, the second calculation method is an ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method.
In this case, first, the SOC value of the cell is obtained from the collected cell information (such as the current value) of the cell based on the ampere-hour integration method, and the section to which the calculated SOC value belongs is determined. If the calculated SOC value belongs to the first interval or the third interval, because the result obtained by combining the ampere-hour integration with the voltage correction method in the first interval and the third interval is more accurate, the SOC value of the single battery is re-determined by combining the ampere-hour integration with the voltage correction method, and the ampere-hour integration with the voltage correction method can be used as a first calculation mode, namely, the ampere-hour integration with the voltage correction method is firstly adopted for calculation when the SOC value of the single battery is calculated next time; if the calculated SOC value belongs to the second interval, the ampere-hour integration method may be used as the first calculation method, that is, the ampere-hour integration method is first used for calculating the SOC value of the single battery next time, since the result obtained by the ampere-hour integration method in the second interval is more accurate, and the calculation is not required to be performed again.
Case two: the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral combined with a voltage correction method, and correspondingly, the second calculation method is an ampere-hour integral method.
In this case, first, the SOC value of the cell is obtained from the collected cell information (such as the load voltage value) of the cell based on the ampere-hour integration combined with the voltage correction method, and the section to which the calculated SOC value belongs is determined. If the calculated SOC value belongs to the first interval or the third interval, the ampere-hour integration combined voltage correction method can be used as a first calculation mode without recalculation because the result obtained by combining the ampere-hour integration with the voltage correction method in the first interval and the third interval is more accurate, namely the ampere-hour integration combined voltage correction method is firstly adopted for calculation when the SOC value of the single battery is calculated next time; if the calculated SOC value belongs to the second interval, because the result obtained by adopting the ampere-hour integration method in the second interval is more accurate, the SOC value of the single battery is determined again by adopting the ampere-hour integration method, and the ampere-hour integration method can be used as a first calculation mode, namely, the ampere-hour integration method is firstly adopted for calculation when the SOC value of the single battery is calculated next time.
After the control module determines the SOC values of the individual batteries in the battery pack, a reference SOC value may be determined, and the SOC value of any individual battery in the battery pack may be used as the reference SOC value, for example, the SOC value of the 2 nd individual battery in the battery pack is used as the reference SOC value; alternatively, the reference SOC value may be determined according to the SOC value of each unit cell. For example, any one of the minimum SOC value, the maximum SOC value, the average value, and the like among the SOC values of the respective unit cells in the battery pack may be determined as the reference SOC value.
The single battery to be equalized may be a single battery to be equalized, which is determined by some performance parameters of the battery in the battery pack, and the performance parameters for determining the single battery to be equalized may include, for example, a voltage value, an SOC, an internal resistance, a self-discharge rate, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate, a time change rate, and the like.
Referring to table 1 below, table 1 illustrates a manner of determining a single battery to be equalized from a battery pack when parameters of the single battery to be equalized are respectively a voltage value, an SOC, an internal resistance, a self-discharge rate, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate, or a time change rate, and a manner of subsequently equalizing the corresponding single battery to be equalized after determining the single battery to be equalized.
The self-discharge rate of the single battery is used for representing the capacity loss condition and the capacity loss rate of the single battery. In one embodiment, when the battery pack stops working and reaches a stable state (time t 1), detecting and recording the open-circuit voltage value V1 of each single battery of the power battery pack; when the battery pack starts to work again (time t2), detecting and recording the open-circuit voltage value V2 of each single battery of the power battery pack; calculating the self-discharge rate eta of each single battery according to the open-circuit voltage value of each single battery obtained by two times of detection, wherein the calculation method of the self-discharge rate eta comprises the following steps:
(1) finding out an SOC value corresponding to V1 and an SOC value corresponding to V2 according to the detected V1 and V2 based on an OCV-SOC curve (such as the curve shown in FIG. 6) of the battery;
(2) calculating the SOC variation value delta SOC of the battery according to the two SOC values respectively corresponding to V1 and V2;
(3) calculating the battery capacity discharged by the battery from the discharge according to the delta SOC and the full-capacity C of the battery, wherein the delta Q is delta SOC C;
(4) calculating the value of the self-discharge rate eta of the battery: η ═ Δ Q/(t1-t 2).
The voltage change rate of the unit cells may be a voltage change amount at which a unit change of a specified physical quantity of the unit cells occurs. For example, in the present disclosure, to charge or discharge a preset amount of electricity to or from a unit cell, a voltage variation amount (dv/dq) of the unit cell; or, a preset time period for charging or discharging the single battery, and a voltage variation (dv/dt) of the single battery will be described as an example.
The rate of change in the amount of charge of the unit cells may be an amount of change in the amount of charge when a unit of a specified physical quantity of the unit cells is changed. For example, the present disclosure will be described by taking as an example the amount of electricity (dq/dv) that needs to be charged by increasing the voltage of the unit cell by one unit voltage from the initial voltage, or the amount of electricity (dq/dv) that decreases by decreasing the voltage of the unit cell by one unit voltage from the initial voltage.
The time change rate of the unit cells may be a time change amount at which a unit change of a specified physical quantity of the unit cells occurs. For example, the present disclosure will be described taking as an example a charging time (dt/dv) required for the voltage of the unit cell to rise by one unit voltage from the initial voltage, or a discharging time (dt/dv) required for the voltage of the unit cell to fall by one unit voltage from the initial voltage.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001395747380000121
Figure BDA0001395747380000131
Figure BDA0001395747380000141
Figure BDA0001395747380000151
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference SOC value used for calculating the target equalization time of the single battery to be equalized may be a minimum value among SOC values of the single batteries, a maximum value among voltage values of the single batteries, or an average value among SOC values of the single batteries.
The equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit period in the unit period, and can be used for representing a ratio of the equalization period to a sampling period in the unit period. The preset equalization duty cycle may be a preset equalization duty cycle, an equalization duty cycle that is not changed during equalization, such as a setting of 50%, and so on.
Optionally, after determining to obtain the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, a target equalization duration for equalizing the single battery to be equalized under the set equalization duty ratio may be calculated. The following describes a possible manner of determining a target equalization time length of a single battery needing equalization according to the SOC value of the single battery needing equalization and a reference SOC value.
The first mode is as follows:
first, according to Δ Q ═ Δ SOC × CnDetermining the electric quantity difference, wherein delta Q is the electric quantity difference, delta SOC is the SOC difference value between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value, and CnThe available capacity of the single battery to be balanced;
and then, determining a target equalization time length according to the t ═ Δ Q/(I × τ), wherein t is the target equalization time length, I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized, and τ is a preset equalization duty ratio.
The second mode is as follows:
and determining the target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC difference value and the equalization duty ratio between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value and the corresponding relation among the preset SOC difference value, the preset equalization duty ratio and the target equalization time length.
The preset corresponding relationship among the SOC difference value, the equalization duty cycle and the equalization duration may be obtained through a plurality of equalization tests or experiences, for example, recorded in a table, so that the value of the target equalization duration corresponding to the measured SOC difference value and the preset equalization duty cycle may be searched in the table.
After the target equalization duration is obtained, the single batteries to be equalized can be equalized according to the target equalization duration in the equalization time period of the unit cycle. According to different reference SOC values adopted for calculating the equalization duration, the equalization modes may be different.
Optionally, if the reference SOC value is the minimum value among the SOC values of the individual batteries, the individual batteries to be equalized are controlled to discharge in the equalization period of the unit cycle; or if the reference SOC value is the maximum value of the SOC values of the single batteries, controlling the single batteries to be equalized to be charged in the equalization time interval of the unit cycle; or if the reference SOC value is the average value of the SOC values of the single batteries, when the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced is greater than the reference SOC value, the single battery to be balanced is controlled to discharge in the balancing time period of the unit cycle, and when the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced is less than the reference SOC value, the single battery to be balanced is controlled to charge in the balancing time period of the unit cycle.
Equalization process
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equalizing module according to an embodiment of the disclosure. And controlling the single batteries to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle, wherein the balancing needs to be carried out in combination with the balancing judgment. And in the step of judging the equalization, determining whether the equalization mode of the single battery to be equalized is passive equalization (namely, discharging the single battery to be equalized) or active equalization (namely, charging the single battery to be equalized), and conducting the corresponding equalization module.
Referring to fig. 7, for passive equalization, the equalization module includes: and each single battery corresponds to one equalizing module, namely two ends of each single battery are connected with one resistor in parallel.
For the single battery to be balanced which needs to be passively balanced, in the balancing time period of the unit cycle, the control module controls the conduction of a parallel loop between the single battery to be balanced and the corresponding resistor of the single battery to be balanced so as to execute the passive balancing of the single battery. Referring to fig. 7, the control module controls the switch module 812 to be turned on, so as to achieve the conduction of the parallel loop between the single battery to be balanced and the corresponding resistor.
The resistor 811 may be a fixed resistor or a variable resistor. In one embodiment, the resistor 811 may be a thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient, which may change with the temperature, so as to adjust the balancing current generated during balancing, thereby automatically adjusting the heat generation amount of the battery balancing system, and finally effectively controlling the temperature of the battery balancing system.
Referring to fig. 7, for active equalization, the equalization module includes a charging branch 94 connected in parallel with each battery cell 95 in the battery pack, the charging branches 94 correspond to the battery cells 95 one by one, and each charging branch 94 is connected to the generator 92, and the generator 92 is mechanically connected to the engine 91 through a gear.
For the single battery to be equalized which needs to be actively equalized, the control module controls the charging branch 94 corresponding to the single battery to be equalized to be conducted. When the engine 91 rotates, the generator 92 is driven to generate electricity, so that the electricity generated by the generator 92 is transmitted to the single battery to be balanced, and the electricity of the single battery to be balanced is increased.
Referring to fig. 7, when the generator 92 is an alternator, the equalizing module further comprises a rectifier 93 connected in series with the generator 92, each charging branch 130 being connected in series with the rectifier 132. After the alternating current generated by the generator 92 is converted into direct current by the rectifier 93, the generator 92 can be used for charging the single battery to be equalized.
Referring to fig. 7, the control module may control the switch 96 corresponding to the single battery to be equalized to be turned on, so that the charging branch corresponding to the single battery to be equalized is turned on, and active equalization of the single battery to be equalized is performed.
In other embodiments, in addition to the charging of the single batteries by the generator shown in fig. 7, the single batteries to be equalized may also be charged by the starting battery in the entire vehicle.
In another embodiment, in addition to the parallel resistor and the single battery to be balanced shown in fig. 7, the single battery to be balanced may be connected in parallel with a starting battery of the whole vehicle, and the electric quantity discharged by the single battery to be balanced is charged into the starting battery, so that the balancing of the single battery to be balanced is realized while energy waste is effectively avoided.
As described above, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of single batteries may share one balancing module, and when at least two single batteries among a plurality of single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected to each single battery among the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced in a balancing period of a unit cycle, and balancing is performed separately.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a vehicle, which comprises the battery equalization system.
Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, and the program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the above battery equalization method.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including: the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium; and one or more processors for executing the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims (21)

1. A method of cell balancing, the method comprising:
acquiring the SOC value of a single battery to be balanced in a battery pack;
acquiring a reference SOC value required by balancing;
determining a target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization time period to a unit cycle in the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization time period and a sampling time period;
controlling the balance of the single batteries to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle according to the target balancing time length,
the SOC value calculation method comprises a first calculation mode and a second calculation mode, wherein the first calculation mode corresponds to the first interval and the third interval, and the second calculation mode corresponds to the second interval;
acquiring the SOC value of each single battery in the battery pack, comprising the following steps:
for any single battery in the battery pack, determining the SOC value of the single battery according to the first calculation mode;
and when the SOC value determined according to the first calculation mode belongs to the second interval, re-determining the SOC value of the single battery according to the second calculation mode.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target equalization duration of the battery cell to be equalized according to the SOC value of the battery cell to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio comprises:
according to Δ Q ═ Δ SOC × CnDetermining an electric quantity difference, wherein delta Q is the electric quantity difference, delta SOC is an SOC difference value between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value, and CnThe available capacity of the single battery to be balanced is obtained;
and determining the target equalization time length according to the t ═ delta Q/(I multiplied by tau), wherein t is the target equalization time length, I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized, and tau is the equalization duty ratio.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target equalization duration of the battery cell to be equalized according to the SOC value of the battery cell to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio comprises:
and determining the target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC difference between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value, the equalization duty ratio and the corresponding relation among the preset SOC difference, the preset equalization duty ratio and the target equalization time length.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first calculation manner is a manner in which the SOC value of the battery cell is calculated last time.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral method or an ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method, and the second calculation method is a calculation method different from the first calculation method in the ampere-hour integral method and the ampere-hour integral combined voltage correction method.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference SOC value is a minimum value among the SOC values of the respective unit cells, a maximum value among the SOC values of the respective unit cells, or an average value among the SOC values of the respective unit cells.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein controlling the balancing of the unit cells to be balanced in the balancing period of the unit cycle comprises:
if the reference SOC value is the minimum value of the SOC values of the single batteries, controlling the single batteries to be balanced to discharge in the balancing time period of the unit cycle; or,
if the reference SOC value is the maximum value of the SOC values of the single batteries, controlling the single batteries to be equalized to be charged in the equalization time interval of the unit cycle; or,
if the reference SOC value is the average value of the SOC values of the single batteries, when the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced is larger than the reference SOC value, the single battery to be balanced is controlled to discharge in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle, and when the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced is smaller than the reference SOC value, the single battery to be balanced is controlled to charge in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising:
and determining the single batteries to be balanced from the battery pack according to the performance parameters of the single batteries in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise at least one of an SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate and a time change rate.
9. A battery equalization system, comprising: a balancing module, an acquisition module and a control module,
the acquisition module is used for acquiring battery information of a battery pack, and the battery information is used for determining the SOC value of each single battery in the battery pack;
the control module is used for acquiring the SOC value of the single battery to be balanced in the battery pack; acquiring a reference SOC value required by balancing; determining a target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized, the reference SOC value and a preset equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization time period to a unit cycle in the unit cycle, and the unit cycle comprises the equalization time period and a sampling time period; and controlling the balance of the single batteries to be balanced in the balancing time period of the unit cycle according to the target balancing time length,
the equalizing module is used for equalizing the single batteries to be equalized,
the SOC value calculation method comprises a first calculation mode and a second calculation mode, wherein the first calculation mode corresponds to the first interval and the third interval, and the second calculation mode corresponds to the second interval;
the control module is used for:
determining the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized according to the first calculation mode aiming at any single battery in the battery pack;
and when the SOC value determined according to the first calculation mode belongs to the second interval, re-determining the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized according to the second calculation mode.
10. The battery equalization system of claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
according to Δ Q ═ Δ SOC × CnDetermining an electric quantity difference, wherein delta Q is the electric quantity difference, delta SOC is an SOC difference value between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value, and CnThe available capacity of the single battery to be balanced is obtained;
and determining the target equalization time length according to the t ═ delta Q/(I multiplied by tau), wherein t is the target equalization time length, I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized, and tau is the equalization duty ratio.
11. The battery equalization system of claim 9, wherein the control module is configured to:
and determining the target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized according to the SOC difference between the SOC value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference SOC value, the equalization duty ratio and the corresponding relation among the preset SOC difference, the preset equalization duty ratio and the target equalization time length.
12. The battery equalization system of claim 9, wherein the first calculation manner is a manner in which the SOC value of the single battery is calculated last time.
13. The battery equalization system according to claim 9, wherein the first calculation method is an ampere-hour integral method or an ampere-hour integral combined with a voltage correction method, and the second calculation method is a calculation method different from the first calculation method in the ampere-hour integral method and the ampere-hour integral combined with the voltage correction method.
14. The battery equalization system of any of claims 9-13, wherein the control module is further configured to:
and determining the single batteries to be balanced from the battery pack according to the performance parameters of the single batteries in the battery pack, wherein the performance parameters comprise at least one of an SOC value, an internal resistance value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate and a time change rate.
15. The battery equalization system of claim 9, wherein the control module is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through a channel, and the control module is configured to control the control module to connect to the corresponding sampling module when it is determined that the cell connected to the control module does not need equalization; or,
the control module is further used for multiplexing the channels in a time-sharing manner by the acquisition module and the balancing module when the single battery connected with the control module needs to be balanced.
16. The battery equalization system of claim 15, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, and the control chip is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through one pin and the one channel.
17. The battery equalization system of claim 9, wherein the control module is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through two channels.
18. The battery equalization system of claim 17, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through two pins, and the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence with the two channels.
19. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle comprises: a battery pack and a battery equalization system as claimed in any of claims 9-18.
20. A computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, which program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any one of claims 1-8.
21. An electronic device, comprising:
the computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 20; and
one or more processors to execute the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
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