CN109406758A - Swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansion force tester - Google Patents
Swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansion force tester Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109406758A CN109406758A CN201811520754.4A CN201811520754A CN109406758A CN 109406758 A CN109406758 A CN 109406758A CN 201811520754 A CN201811520754 A CN 201811520754A CN 109406758 A CN109406758 A CN 109406758A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- sample
- expansion rate
- swelled ground
- expansion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
- G01N5/025—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content for determining moisture content
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption is swollen and expansive force tester, this instrument includes sample apparatus for placing and expansion rate and expansion force test device.Sample apparatus for placing includes horizontal baffle sum aggregate bottom seat, and sample, which is placed on, to catchment on pedestal.Expansion rate and expansion force test device include deformation testing device and water filling device, and deformation testing device includes pressure plate, pressure transmission frame, horizontal guide rail, pulley, dial gauge, ring of measuring one's own ability, suspension hook, counterweight, heap load plate and pedestal；Water filling device includes water storage container, support frame, water-supply-pipe, valve and draining board.Sample, which is placed on, to catchment on pedestal, and counterweight is added on heap load plate, so that sample is generated certain pressure, then opens Water filling valve, and the water in water storage container enters sample by draining board, and sample is made to generate expansion rate and expansive force.The present invention can expansion rate and expansive force of the validity test swelled ground in water suction, thus solve it is a series of because swelled ground water swelling generate engineering problems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption in civil engineering soil test field and expansive force tests
Instrument.
Background technique
The instrument of ordinary test measurement swelled ground water swelling power is mainly in specific load and to have side in terms of soil mechanics
Expansion rate and expansive force under the conditions of limit, cylinder sample having a size ofHigh 20mm, soil body water-swellable, passes through lever
The mode that principle applies external load constraint sample vertical deformation obtains expansive force.In addition, some scholar uses three axis pressures
Contracting strength tester tests vertical expansion ratio and expansive force, which can provide lateral water pressure, and sample is inhaled from bottom
Water expansion.
For the technology of existing test swelling stress and strain, conventional high-pressure consolidation apparatus and triaxial test of rock instrument are high
Pressure consolidation apparatus is mainly used for testing the equilibrium swelling power of swelled ground in test, has quick, succinct, efficient test features,
Determination is cannot to simulate the measurement of swelled ground water suction three-dimensional expansion rate and expansive force, simultaneously because lever principle, the small angle of the arm of force
Degree difference will cause sample discontinuity, and precision is to be improved.
For triaxial strength tester the purpose is to the compression strength for testing swelled ground, lateral afterburner system is application
Servo keeps sample lateral load constant, and therefore, for the airtightness of pressure chamber, triaxial apparatus not can guarantee, this point application
It is not met by the expansion rate and expansive force of test swelled ground.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and force tester is expanded,
The device makes it generate expansion by filling the water into swelled ground, then surveys its expansion rate and expansive force using deformation testing device.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansive force
Tester, including sample apparatus for placing and expansion rate and expansion force test device；The sample apparatus for placing includes horizontal baffle
(1) sum aggregate bottom seat (2), sample are placed on the pedestal that catchments (2), and are close to horizontal baffle (1)；The expansion rate and expansive force
Test device includes deformation testing device and water filling device, and the deformation testing device includes pressure plate (3), pressure transmission frame (4), water
Level gauge (5), pulley (6), dial gauge (7), ring of measuring one's own ability (8), suspension hook (9), heap load plate (10), pedestal (11) and rotation bolt
(12)；The water filling device includes water storage container (13), support frame (14), water-supply-pipe (15), valve (16), draining board (17)；
Horizontal direction ring (8) of measuring one's own ability is placed on horizontal guide rail (5), makes measure one's own ability ring (8) and pressure transmission frame (4) by rotating bolt (12)
Contact；Ring (8) of vertically measuring one's own ability is fixed on support frame (14), makes measure one's own ability ring (8) and vertical pressure transmission frame by rotating bolt (12)
(4) it contacts, pressure transmission frame (4) is contacted with the dial gauge (7).
The pedestal that catchments (2) lower part is equipped with water collecting funnel, and the water collecting funnel lower part is connected with drainpipe, makes through examination
The water of sample is collected with water collecting funnel and is discharged by drainpipe.
The external counterweight of heap load plate (10) adds counterweight on heap load plate (10), sample is made to generate certain pressure,
Then Water filling valve (16) are opened, the water in water storage container (13) enters sample by draining board (17), and sample is made to generate expansion
Rate and expansive force.
The heap load plate (10) is connected by a nylon rope with pressure transmission frame (4), and the nylon rope passes through fixed pulley (6)
Sliding, the pressure transmission frame (4) are fixed as one with pressure plate (3).
Permeable stone (18) are equipped between the sample and draining board (17).
The water storage container (13) is equipped with scale.
All apparatus are on same level workbench (11).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is front view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is top view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that soil sample of the present invention places detail drawing.
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows:
Horizontal baffle (1), the pedestal that catchments (2), pressure plate (3), pressure transmission frame (4), horizontal guide rail (5), pulley (6), percentage
Table (7), ring of measuring one's own ability (8), suspension hook (9), heap load plate (10), workbench (11), rotation bolt (12), water storage container (13), branch
Support (14), water-supply-pipe (15), valve (16), draining board (17), permeable stone (18).
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that including sample
Apparatus for placing and expansion rate and expansion force test device；The sample apparatus for placing includes horizontal baffle (1) sum aggregate bottom seat
(2), sample is placed on the pedestal that catchments (2), and is close to horizontal baffle (1)；The expansion rate and expansion force test device include
Deformation testing device and water filling device, the deformation testing device include pressure plate (3), pressure transmission frame (4), horizontal guide rail (5), slide
Take turns (6), dial gauge (7), ring of measuring one's own ability (8), suspension hook (9), heap load plate (10), workbench (11) and rotation bolt (12)；It is described
Water filling device includes water storage container (13), support frame (14), water-supply-pipe (15), valve (16), draining board (17)；The horizontal direction
Ring (8) of measuring one's own ability is placed on horizontal guide rail (5), is contacted by rotating bolt (12) ring (8) that makes to measure one's own ability with pressure transmission frame (4)；Vertically
Ring (8) of measuring one's own ability is fixed on support frame (14), is contacted by rotating bolt (12) ring (8) that makes to measure one's own ability with vertical pressure transmission frame (4), biography
Press box (4) is contacted with the dial gauge (7).
The pedestal that catchments (2) lower part is equipped with water collecting funnel, and the water collecting funnel lower part is connected with drainpipe, makes through examination
The water of sample is collected with water collecting funnel and is discharged by drainpipe.
The external counterweight of heap load plate (10) adds counterweight on heap load plate (10), sample is made to generate certain pressure,
Then Water filling valve (16) are opened, the water in water storage container (13) enters sample by draining board (17), and sample is made to generate expansion
Rate and expansive force.
The heap load plate (10) is connected by a nylon rope with pressure transmission frame (4), and the nylon rope passes through fixed pulley (6)
Sliding, the pressure transmission frame (4) are fixed as one with pressure plate (3).
Permeable stone (18) are equipped between the sample and draining board (17).
The water storage container (13) is equipped with scale.
All apparatus are on same level workbench (11).
Expansion rate experiment specific step
It prepares sample: producing satisfactory sample on manipulated soil sampling instrument.
Dress sample: sticking an equal amount of filter paper around the sample sample made, is then close to horizontal baffle and is placed on
It catchments on pedestal.Mobile and horizontal to pressure transmission frame, so that pressure plate is close to sample, while placing permeable stone in sample vertical face,
Then vertical pressure transmission frame is moved, draining board is made to be close to permeable stone.
It is further applied load: placing the load of specified wt on heap load plate, sample is made to generate certain pressure.
It adjusts dial gauge: after sample shrinks and stablizes, dial gauge being returned to zero.
Start swell: opening the valve that drips, water is made uniformly to penetrate into sample through permeable stone.
Experiment Data Records: after experiment starts, first three hour is three small every experimental data of 20 minutes records
When after every data of two hour records.0.01mm2h is respectively less than to three-dimensional swell increment-1When, it is believed that it has expanded
At.
Water cut test: three-dimensional unloads load simultaneously, the reading after recording off-load.Sample is taken out, wipes examination with dry filter paper
Sample surface is swum, and is removed filter paper and is claimed its weight.Then sample is uniformly cut into four pieces, after surveying water swelling with oven drying method
Moisture content.
Expansive force experiment specific step
It prepares sample: producing satisfactory sample on manipulated soil sampling instrument.
Dress sample: sticking an equal amount of filter paper around the sample made, and then abutting horizontal baffle, which is placed on, catchments
On pedestal.Mobile and horizontal to pressure transmission frame, so that pressure plate is close to sample, while placing permeable stone in sample vertical face, then
Mobile vertical pressure transmission frame, makes draining board be close to permeable stone.
It is further applied load: placing the load of specified wt on heap load plate, sample is made to generate certain pressure.
Placement is measured one's own ability ring: measuring one's own ability, ring is placed on guide rail, is then rotated three-dimensional bolt simultaneously and is started to generate to dial gauge
Mobile, then the ring that proves to measure one's own ability has been contacted with pressure transmission frame.Ring is measured one's own ability in adjustment and dial gauge is zero.
Start to test: opening the valve that drips, water is made uniformly to penetrate into sample through permeable stone.
Experiment Data Records: after experiment starts, when dial gauge generates certain degree, then rotating three-dimensional bolt makes percentage simultaneously
Table zeroing, ring of measuring one's own ability at this time can also generate certain degree, write down data.0.01mm2h is respectively less than to three vector force rings reading-1
When, it is believed that experiment terminates.
Water cut test: three-dimensional unloads load simultaneously, ring of measuring one's own ability.Sample is taken out, wipes the floating of specimen surface with dry filter paper
Water removes filter paper and claims its weight.Then sample is uniformly cut into four pieces, surveys the moisture content after water swelling with oven drying method.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that including sample apparatus for placing and swollen
Swollen rate and expansion force test device；The sample apparatus for placing includes horizontal baffle (1) sum aggregate bottom seat (2), and sample is placed on
It catchments on pedestal (2), and is close to horizontal baffle (1)；The expansion rate and expansion force test device include deformation testing device and
Water filling device, the deformation testing device include pressure plate (3), pressure transmission frame (4), horizontal guide rail (5), pulley (6), dial gauge
(7), measure one's own ability ring (8), suspension hook (9), heap load plate (10), workbench (11) and rotation bolt (12)；The water filling device includes
Water storage container (13), support frame (14), water-supply-pipe (15), valve (16), draining board (17)；Horizontal direction ring (8) of measuring one's own ability is put
It sets on horizontal guide rail (5), is contacted by rotating bolt (12) ring (8) that makes to measure one's own ability with pressure transmission frame (4)；Vertically measure one's own ability ring (8) admittedly
It is scheduled on support frame (14), is contacted by rotating bolt (12) ring (8) that makes to measure one's own ability with vertical pressure transmission frame (4), pressure transmission frame (4) and institute
State dial gauge (7) contact.
2. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1 and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that the collection
Water-bed seat (2) lower part is equipped with water collecting funnel, and the water collecting funnel lower part is connected with drainpipe, makes the water leakage of catchmenting through sample
Bucket is collected to be discharged by drainpipe.
3. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1 and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that the heap
The external counterweight of load plate (10) adds counterweight on heap load plate (10), so that sample is generated certain pressure, then open water injection valve
Door (16), the water in water storage container (13) enter sample by draining board (17), sample are made to generate expansion rate and expansive force.
4. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1-3 and expansion force tester, feature exist
In, the heap load plate (10) is connected by a nylon rope with pressure transmission frame (4), and the nylon rope passes through fixed pulley (6) sliding,
The pressure transmission frame (4) is fixed as one with pressure plate (3).
5. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1 and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that the examination
Permeable stone (18) are equipped between sample and draining board (17).
6. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1 and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that the storage
Water container (13) is equipped with scale.
7. swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption according to claim 1 and expansion force tester, which is characterized in that the institute
Some apparatus are on same level workbench (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811520754.4A CN109406758B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Tester for three-dimensional water absorption expansion rate and expansion force of expansive soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811520754.4A CN109406758B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Tester for three-dimensional water absorption expansion rate and expansion force of expansive soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109406758A true CN109406758A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN109406758B CN109406758B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
Family
ID=65458835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811520754.4A Active CN109406758B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Tester for three-dimensional water absorption expansion rate and expansion force of expansive soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109406758B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111638318A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Swelling soil no-load expansion rate and expansive force combined measuring device |
| CN114778801A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 吉力此且 | Three-dimensional expansive force testing device and method for rock and soil mass |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1056578A (en) * | 1991-06-29 | 1991-11-27 | 石油勘探开发科学研究院钻井工艺研究所 | Clay swelling test method and device |
| CN101441208A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-05-27 | 河海大学 | True triaxial instrument of deformation without side direction interference |
| CN103487329A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 深圳大学 | Mechanical test instrument for surfaces of soil and structure and test method thereof |
| CN103760320A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 西南交通大学 | Method for testing relation between water content and expansibility of expansive soil under tunnel supporting and protecting condition |
| CN104062056A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-09-24 | 杨啸 | Swelling soil side expansive force comprehensive testing device |
| CN104634944A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-20 | 山东大学 | Novel soil radial expansion rate tester and using method thereof |
| CN206593982U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-10-27 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of rock mass swelling stress tester |
| CN107422097A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-01 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device for measuring soil solidifying performance and expansive force |
| CN108593515A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-28 | 西南科技大学 | The measuring instrument and measurement method of a kind of expansion of rock three-dimensional and infiltration coefficient |
| CN208223381U (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-12-11 | 兰州交通大学 | Swell increment analyzer under a kind of high-speed rail foundation expansion soil various factors coupling |
-
2018
- 2018-12-12 CN CN201811520754.4A patent/CN109406758B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1056578A (en) * | 1991-06-29 | 1991-11-27 | 石油勘探开发科学研究院钻井工艺研究所 | Clay swelling test method and device |
| CN101441208A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-05-27 | 河海大学 | True triaxial instrument of deformation without side direction interference |
| CN103487329A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 深圳大学 | Mechanical test instrument for surfaces of soil and structure and test method thereof |
| CN103760320A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 西南交通大学 | Method for testing relation between water content and expansibility of expansive soil under tunnel supporting and protecting condition |
| CN104062056A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-09-24 | 杨啸 | Swelling soil side expansive force comprehensive testing device |
| CN104634944A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-20 | 山东大学 | Novel soil radial expansion rate tester and using method thereof |
| CN206593982U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-10-27 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of rock mass swelling stress tester |
| CN107422097A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-01 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device for measuring soil solidifying performance and expansive force |
| CN108593515A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-28 | 西南科技大学 | The measuring instrument and measurement method of a kind of expansion of rock three-dimensional and infiltration coefficient |
| CN208223381U (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-12-11 | 兰州交通大学 | Swell increment analyzer under a kind of high-speed rail foundation expansion soil various factors coupling |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111638318A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Swelling soil no-load expansion rate and expansive force combined measuring device |
| CN114778801A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 吉力此且 | Three-dimensional expansive force testing device and method for rock and soil mass |
| CN114778801B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-12-29 | 中铁十二局集团第四工程有限公司 | Three-dimensional expansion force testing device and testing method for rock-soil body |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109406758B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108593883B (en) | Strain type lateral expansion force testing device and measuring method | |
| Becker et al. | Work as a criterion for determining in situ and yield stresses in clays | |
| Moritz | Geotechnical properties of clay at elevated temperatures | |
| CN106813978B (en) | Cutting ring, soil body lateral expansion force measuring device comprising same and measuring method | |
| CN105043960B (en) | A kind of modified soil body joint consolidation permeameter | |
| CN106124316B (en) | The anisotropic indoor true triaxial test method of bulk solid rock-soil material | |
| Pender et al. | Geotechnical properties of a pumice sand | |
| Liu et al. | Matric suction and volume characteristics of compacted clay soil under drying and wetting cycles | |
| CN104155427A (en) | Low back pressure saturation method for loess liquidation experiment | |
| CN104020092B (en) | One kind consolidation pore water pressure combined test device and method | |
| CN109406758A (en) | Swelled ground three-dimensional expansion rate of water absorption and expansion force tester | |
| CN206557205U (en) | Ring cutter for soil body load expansion test | |
| CN108896403A (en) | Measure the Triaxial tester and method of coarse-grained soil rubber-oil-pipe sensor amount | |
| CN110174350A (en) | A kind of test device and test method of clay true cohesion | |
| CN111735733B (en) | Method for obtaining natural density of loose slag charge in waste slag yard | |
| Ofer | Laboratory instrument for measuring lateral soil pressure and swelling pressure | |
| CN108385737A (en) | A kind of vacuum preloading soft groundsill reinforcing sunykatuib analysis instrument and test method | |
| Sivrikaya et al. | Measurement of side friction between specimen and consolidation ring with newly designed oedometer cell | |
| Elkady et al. | Effect of vertical stress on the soil water characteristic curve of highly expansive soils | |
| CN214794131U (en) | Indoor modulus of resilience measuring device of vapour-pressure type | |
| CN115144111A (en) | Soil expansive force testing device and testing method | |
| Mitachi et al. | Estimation of in-situ undrained strength of soft soil deposits by use of unconfined compression test with suction measurement | |
| Davison et al. | Continuous loading oedometer testing of soils | |
| Kuhn | Characterization of the swelling potential of expansive clays using centrifuge technology | |
| CN108844853A (en) | A kind of compound slurry rock-fill dams density measurement method and apparatus based on additional mass |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |