CN109406184B - Single-hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device - Google Patents
Single-hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109406184B CN109406184B CN201811442550.3A CN201811442550A CN109406184B CN 109406184 B CN109406184 B CN 109406184B CN 201811442550 A CN201811442550 A CN 201811442550A CN 109406184 B CN109406184 B CN 109406184B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The application discloses a loading device for testing the fire resistance of a top plate of a single-hole immersed tube tunnel, wherein a rolling shaft loading device is formed by fixing a dowel bar with an action head of a hydraulic jack, a rolling groove base is fixed with a primary distribution beam, and the curved surface of the rolling shaft is the same as that of the rolling groove base; the bearing loading device is characterized in that a first-stage distributing beam penetrates through a bearing and fills up an upper gap and a lower gap by a solid half roller, and the lower part of the bearing is fixed with a second-stage distributing beam; the self-balancing reaction frame and the hydraulic loading device provide downward force for the four tripod force transmission devices. The application provides a loading device of a immersed tube tunnel under the working conditions of single-hole fire and large external load, overcomes the defect and the defect of uneven load transmission, and can meet the requirement of a fire resistance test of the single-hole immersed tube tunnel; the self-balancing reaction frame, the hydraulic jack and the secondary distribution beam are integrated through the roller loading device and the bearing loading device, so that the stability problem of the load large loading device is solved, and the safety of a test is ensured; provides powerful support for the research and design of different fire conditions in the porous immersed tube tunnel engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of underground engineering structure fire tests, in particular to a loading device capable of simulating external load in a immersed tube tunnel single-hole fire model roof test.
Background
With development of underground space, immersed tube tunnels are widely applied to river-crossing and sea-crossing tunnels, and because the tunnels are deeply buried under water, the space is limited, the entrance and the exit are very limited, fire disasters are taken as main disasters of the tunnels, and huge threats are caused to lives of personnel and operation of equipment, even structural safety and tightness are influenced, and serious consequences such as structural deformation, water leakage and the like are caused. The scholars at home and abroad pay more attention to the research of the fire test of the immersed tube tunnel, and the large-scale similar model test is also gradually a means in the field of tunnel engineering research. In the past, the external load of the submarine tunnel is simulated by adopting a water and sand loading device or adopting an even-distribution loading device, and the structural response of the water and sand loading device in the test process cannot be well observed when the fire test of the immersed tube tunnel is studied; the uniformly distributed loading devices can generate uneven deformation in the loading process to cause the rotation of the loading devices, the loading devices are usually adopted on a plate with smaller load in the past, and the low safety of the loading devices is ensured; and a large proportion of similar tunnel models need larger external load, so that the uniformly distributed loading devices are too high, and the transmission of force is uneven and the safety cannot be guaranteed due to the rotation of the loading devices. Along with the gradual penetration of tunnel professional research, higher requirements are put forward on a large-scale tunnel model test loading device, safety and precision.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the immersed tube tunnel single-hole fire model test, the application provides the loading device under the conditions of large load and asymmetric fire working conditions, overcomes the defect and the defect of uneven load transmission, solves the stability problem of the large load loading device, ensures the safety of the test, and provides test reference for the future tunnel fire research work.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a loading device for testing the fire resistance of a top plate of a single-hole immersed tube tunnel comprises a self-balancing reaction frame, a hydraulic loading device, loading devices in two different rotation modes and a tripod force transmission device; the two different rotary loading devices respectively comprise a roller loading device and a bearing loading device;
the roller loading device comprises a dowel bar, a roller and a rolling groove; one end of the dowel bar is connected with the loading end of the hydraulic loading device, and the other end of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the rolling shaft; the roller is arranged in the rolling groove, and the curved surface of the roller is the same as the curved surface of the rolling groove; the roller loading device is fixed in the middle of the primary distribution beam through a first detachable connecting device, and the roller force transmission device is used for realizing rotation in a plane in the loading process;
the bearing loading device comprises a bearing, a solid half roller and a first hemisphere; the solid half rolling shaft is fixed on the inner circumference of the bearing, the primary distribution beam penetrates through the inner circle of the bearing, and two ends of the primary distribution beam are respectively propped against the solid half rolling shaft; the bottom of the outer circumference of the bearing is fixed in the middle of the secondary distribution beam through a second detachable connecting device, and the plane end of the first hemisphere is fixed at two ends of the bottom surface of the secondary distribution beam;
the spherical end of the first hemisphere is propped against the upper end face of the tripod force transmission device, and the lower end face of the tripod force transmission device is arranged on the upper surface of the immersed tube tunnel;
the hydraulic loading device is fixed on the top beam of the self-balancing reaction frame; the self-balancing reaction frame bottom Liang Zhongxian is placed on the middle line of the length of the immersed tube tunnel in the longitudinal direction; the hydraulic loading device controls the load speed and the load size through a computer, acts on the top beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame and the top plate of the immersed tube tunnel, and transmits force to the immersed tube tunnel and the bottom beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame to achieve self-balancing of the counterforce frame through the upright post of the self-balancing counterforce frame.
In a preferred embodiment: the hydraulic loading device is a hydraulic jack and is fixed on the top beam of the self-balancing reaction frame through an upper anchor plate, a pull rod and a lower anchor plate.
In a preferred embodiment: the tripod force transmission device comprises a steel backing plate and a hollow round steel pipe; one end of each hollow round steel pipe is connected to the lower surface of the steel backing plate, a plurality of hollow round steel pipes are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical mode along the circumferential direction of the lower surface of the steel backing plate, the hollow round steel pipes are arranged at angles according to the required load, and steel bars are connected between two adjacent hollow round steel pipes to serve as pull rods.
In a preferred embodiment: the number of the second hemispheres is three, and the second hemispheres are distributed in an equilateral triangle.
In a preferred embodiment: the bottom of the hollow round steel pipe is fixed with the plane end of the second hemisphere.
In a preferred embodiment: the upper surface of the rolling groove is provided with a yielding port for the dowel bar to pass through along the length direction.
The method for testing by using the loading device comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the reasonable size of the loading device according to the immersed tube tunnel test model and the required load;
(2) Fixing a hydraulic jack in the middle of a top beam of a self-balancing counterforce frame, reliably connecting a jack acting head with a roller force transmission device, fixing a roller force transmission device base with a first-stage distribution beam, sleeving bearings at two ends of the first-stage distribution beam, filling an upper gap and a lower gap by using a solid half roller, fixing the bottom of the bearings with a second-stage distribution beam, and fixing two hemispheres at the bottom surfaces of two ends of the second-stage distribution beam;
(3) The triangular force transmission device is arranged in the middle of the immersed tube tunnel Kong Dingban and is contacted with hemispheres at the bottom surfaces of two ends of the secondary distribution beam;
(4) And loading according to the load requirement required by the simulation test.
Compared with the existing loading device, the loading device has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme provided by the application, the self-balancing counter-force frame, the hydraulic jack and the two-stage distribution beam are integrated through the roller loading device and the bearing loading device, so that the stability problem of the load large loading device is solved, and the safety of a test is ensured;
according to the application, the defect and the defect of uneven load transmission in the conventional loading mode are overcome, and the requirement of a fire resistance test of a single-hole immersed tube tunnel can be met;
the application can better simulate the deformation of the immersed tube tunnel under the conditions of large load and fire disaster, improves the test precision, and provides powerful support for the research and design of different fire disaster conditions of the porous immersed tube tunnel engineering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, the drawings required in the description of the exemplary embodiments will be briefly described below, and should not be construed as unduly limiting the present application.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a loading device for testing the fire resistance of a top plate of a single-hole immersed tube tunnel, which is provided by the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-balancing reaction frame according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a roller loading device according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a primary distribution beam provided by the present application;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a bearing loading device according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a tripod force transmission device according to the present application;
in the figure: 1 is a self-balancing reaction frame, 2 is a hydraulic jack, 2-1 is an upper anchor plate, 2-2 is a pull rod, 2-3 is a lower anchor plate, 3 is a roller loading device, 3-1 is a dowel bar, 3-2 is a roller, 3-3 is a rolling groove, 3-4 is a first detachable connecting device, 3-5 is a primary distribution beam, 4 is a bearing loading device, 4-1 is a bearing, 4-2 is a solid half roller, 4-3 is a second detachable connecting device, 4-4 is a secondary distribution beam, 4-5 is a first hemisphere, 5 is a tripod force transmission device, 5-1 is a steel base plate, 5-2 is a hollow round steel pipe, 5-3 is a reinforcing steel bar, and 5-4 is a second hemisphere.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below, and further explanation will be given by way of example of several specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein all technical and scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and means, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, and means. It will be understood that when an apparatus is referred to as being "connected" or "fixed" to another apparatus, it can be directly connected or fixed, or intervening apparatuses may also be present. Further, "connected" or "secured" as used herein may include detachably connected or fixedly connected.
The embodiment designs a loading device for testing the fire resistance of a top plate of a single-hole immersed tube tunnel, and a structural diagram of the loading device for testing a single-hole fire model of the immersed tube tunnel is shown in figure 1, and the loading device comprises a self-balancing reaction frame 1, a hydraulic jack 2, a roller loading device 3, two bearing loading devices 4, four tripod force transfer devices 5 and an immersed tube tunnel 6.
The hydraulic jack 2 is fixed on the top beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame 1 through an upper anchor plate 2-1, a pull rod 2-2 and a lower anchor plate 2-3, the center line of the bottom beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame 1 is placed on the middle line of the longitudinal direction of the immersed tube tunnel 6, the hydraulic jack 1 controls the load speed and the load size through a computer and acts on the top beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame 1 and the top plate of the immersed tube tunnel 6, and the force is transferred to the bottom plate of the immersed tube tunnel 6 and the bottom beam of the counterforce frame to achieve the self-balancing of the counterforce frame through the column of the counterforce frame 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The roller loading device 3 comprises a dowel bar 3-1, a roller 3-2 and a rolling groove 3-3; one end of the dowel bar 3-1 is connected with the loading end of the hydraulic jack 2, and the other end of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the rolling shaft 3-2; the roller 3-2 is arranged in the rolling groove 3-3, and the curved surface of the roller 3-2 is the same as the curved surface of the rolling groove 3-3; the roller loading device 4 is fixed in the middle of the first-stage distributing beam 3-5 through the first detachable connecting device 3-4, and the roller force transmission device 3 realizes the rotation in the plane in the loading process, so that the stability of the whole loading device is ensured, as shown in figure 3. And, the upper surface of the rolling groove 3-3 is provided with a yielding port for the dowel bar 3-1 to pass through along the length direction, so that the rolling groove can bear the force applied by the hydraulic jack 2 without deformation, can adapt to the rotation between the primary distribution beam 3-5 and the hydraulic jack 2, only does the rotation in a plane to ensure the stability of the loading device, and can also ensure the integrity of the loading device when no force is applied.
The bearing loading device 4 comprises a bearing 4-1, a solid half roller 4-2 and a first hemisphere 4-5; the solid half roller 4-2 is fixed on the inner circumference of the bearing 4-1, the primary distribution beam 35 passes through the inner circle of the bearing 4-1, and two ends respectively prop against the solid half roller 4-2; the bottom of the outer circumference of the bearing 4-1 is fixed in the middle of the secondary distribution beam 4-4 through a second detachable connecting device 4-3, and the plane end of the first hemisphere 4-5 is fixed at two ends of the bottom surface of the secondary distribution beam 4-4.
The spherical end of the first hemisphere 4-5 is propped against the upper end face of the tripod force transmission device 5, and the lower end face of the tripod force transmission device 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the immersed tube tunnel 6;
the tripod force transmission device 5 comprises a steel backing plate 5-1 and a hollow round steel pipe 5-2; one end of each hollow round steel pipe 5-2 is connected to the lower surface of each steel backing plate 5-1, a plurality of hollow round steel pipes 5-2 are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical mode along the circumferential direction of the lower surface of each steel backing plate 5-2, the angles of the hollow round steel pipes 5-2 are set according to the required load, and steel bars 5-3 serving as pull rods are connected between two adjacent hollow round steel pipes 5-2.
The bottom of the hollow round steel pipe 5-2 is fixed with the plane end of the second hemisphere 5-4. In the embodiment, three hollow round steel pipes 5-2 are arranged, three corresponding second hemispheres 5-4 form an equilateral triangle, and in the loading process, the force is uniformly loaded to the middle of the top plate of the 6 holes of the immersed tube tunnel through 4 tripod force transfer devices 5, as shown in fig. 5.
When the test is carried out, the specific test process is as follows:
(1) Firstly, selecting proper counter-force frames, roller loading devices, bearing loading devices, reasonable sizes of tripod force transmission devices and reasonable hydraulic jack loading devices according to the size of a test model and the size of a required load;
(2) According to the schematic diagram of each part shown in fig. 1, arranging related devices, arranging 4 tripod force transfer devices in the middle of two hole top plates of a immersed tube tunnel uniformly, arranging two secondary distribution beams on the tripod in parallel with the cross section of the immersed tube tunnel through 4 hemispheres, arranging a primary distribution beam at the midpoint of the secondary distribution beam along the longitudinal direction of the immersed tube tunnel through 4 bearings, and fixing a roller force transfer device with the midpoint of the primary distribution beam and with an action head of a hydraulic jack;
(3) When the test is carried out, if the deformation of the top plates of the two holes of the immersed tube tunnel is asymmetric, the upper roller loading device and the bearing loading device can rotate at a certain angle, so that the tripod is tightly attached to the top surface of the immersed tube tunnel, and the force can be always transferred downwards along with the top surface of the test model;
(4) After the test is finished, the force of the hydraulic jack is unloaded, the tripod is removed and then is disassembled from bottom to top in sequence, and the loading device can be recycled.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the embodiment of the application adapts to the asymmetry of deformation of the single-hole fire roof of the immersed tube tunnel through the loading device, ensures the stability of the whole loading device, overcomes the limitation of the traditional loading device on the single-hole fire test of the immersed tube tunnel, improves the safety and the precision of the test process, and provides powerful support for the test research and the design of the porous tunnel under different fire working conditions.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily think of the variations or technical scope of the present application disclosed. Alternatives are intended to be within the scope of the application. The scope of the application should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A single hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device which is characterized in that: the device comprises a self-balancing reaction frame, a hydraulic loading device, two loading devices with different rotation forms and a tripod force transmission device; the two loading devices with different rotation forms respectively comprise a roller loading device and a bearing loading device;
the roller loading device comprises a dowel bar, a roller and a rolling groove; one end of the dowel bar is connected with the loading end of the hydraulic loading device, and the other end of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the rolling shaft; the roller is arranged in the rolling groove, and the curved surface of the roller is the same as the curved surface of the rolling groove; the roller loading device is fixed in the middle of the primary distribution beam through a first detachable connecting device, and the roller force transmission device is used for realizing rotation in a plane in the loading process;
the bearing loading device comprises a bearing, a solid half roller and a first hemisphere; the solid half rolling shaft is fixed on the inner circumference of the bearing, the primary distribution beam penetrates through the inner circle of the bearing, and two ends of the primary distribution beam are respectively propped against the solid half rolling shaft; the bottom of the outer circumference of the bearing is fixed in the middle of the secondary distribution beam through a second detachable connecting device, and the plane end of the first hemisphere is fixed at two ends of the bottom surface of the secondary distribution beam;
the spherical end of the first hemisphere is propped against the upper end face of the tripod force transmission device, and the lower end face of the tripod force transmission device is arranged on the upper surface of the immersed tube tunnel;
the hydraulic loading device is fixed on the top beam of the self-balancing reaction frame; the self-balancing reaction frame bottom Liang Zhongxian is placed on the middle line of the length of the immersed tube tunnel in the longitudinal direction; the hydraulic loading device controls the load speed and the load size through a computer, acts on the top beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame and the top plate of the immersed tube tunnel, and transmits force to the immersed tube tunnel and the bottom beam of the self-balancing counterforce frame to achieve self-balancing of the counterforce frame through the upright posts of the self-balancing counterforce frame;
the hydraulic loading device is a hydraulic jack and is fixed on a top beam of the self-balancing reaction frame through an upper anchor plate, a pull rod and a lower anchor plate;
the upper surface of the rolling groove is provided with a yielding port for the dowel bar to pass through along the length direction.
2. The loading device for testing the fire resistance of the top plate of the single-hole immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tripod force transmission device comprises a steel backing plate and a hollow round steel pipe; one end of each hollow round steel pipe is connected to the lower surface of the steel backing plate, a plurality of hollow round steel pipes are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical mode along the circumferential direction of the lower surface of the steel backing plate, the hollow round steel pipes are arranged at angles according to the required load, and steel bars are connected between two adjacent hollow round steel pipes to serve as pull rods.
3. The loading device for testing the fire resistance of the top plate of the single-hole immersed tube tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the bottom of the hollow round steel pipe is fixed with the plane end of the second hemisphere.
4. A single hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the second hemispheres is three, and the second hemispheres are distributed in an equilateral triangle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811442550.3A CN109406184B (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Single-hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device |
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| CN201811442550.3A CN109406184B (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Single-hole immersed tube tunnel roof fire resistance test loading device |
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| CN109406184A CN109406184A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN109406184B true CN109406184B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109883846B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2024-02-02 | 华侨大学 | Three-dimensional loading test platform and test method based on large bridge immersed tube tunnel model |
| CN113009067B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-01-14 | 中国矿业大学 | Tunnel structure multi-dimensional space loading fire test system and implementation method thereof |
| CN117589498B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-19 | 应急管理部四川消防研究所 | Fireproof test device and method |
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