CN109374468B - Greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, irrigation system and method - Google Patents
Greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, irrigation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374468B CN109374468B CN201811002067.3A CN201811002067A CN109374468B CN 109374468 B CN109374468 B CN 109374468B CN 201811002067 A CN201811002067 A CN 201811002067A CN 109374468 B CN109374468 B CN 109374468B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device, an irrigation system and a method, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises an evaporation pan, an evaporation pan shell, a gravity sensor and a data acquisition unit; the evaporating dish is a hollow cylinder and is used for containing water to be detected; the side surface of the shell of the evaporating dish is wrapped with the evaporating dish and used for supporting the evaporating dish; one end of the gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, and the other end of the gravity sensor is connected with the bottom of the evaporation pan and used for acquiring the weight of the evaporation pan; the data collector is arranged between the bottom of the evaporation pan and the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, connected with the gravity sensor and used for collecting data of the gravity sensor and obtaining water surface evaporation information of the greenhouse. According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring system and the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring method, the water surface evaporation amount in the greenhouse is automatically collected in real time through the measuring data of the gravity sensor, the measuring precision is high, the measured water surface evaporation amount can guide crop irrigation, and accurate and automatic management of greenhouse crop water supply is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device, an irrigation system and a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring method.
Background
The phenomenon that water resources are in short supply in China, agriculture is a water-consuming household, and blind excessive irrigation is common for pursuing high yield of crops. Especially under the relatively closed greenhouse cultivation condition, when the irrigation quantity is large or the irrigation time is not suitable, the crop root system is easy to lack of oxygen, the plant growth is inhibited, the indoor air humidity is increased, the plant diseases and insect pests frequently occur, and the potential risks of yield reduction of vegetables and the like are increased.
The environmental conditions are key factors influencing the moisture demand of greenhouse crops, and currently, the greenhouse crop irrigation is generally estimated and decided by using environmental coupling parameters or a P-M formula, but the method has the disadvantages of multiple involved environmental parameters, complex calculation process and high investment cost for irrigation decision. The water surface evaporation capacity (Epan) in the greenhouse can comprehensively reflect the meteorological conditions of the environment, and the water surface evaporation capacity is used for guiding the crop irrigation to be feasible.
In the prior art, the crop irrigation is generally guided by adopting the evaporation capacity of a standard evaporation pan of 20cm placed at the top of a crop canopy, the residual water level needs to be measured regularly every day, water needs to be frequently supplied to the evaporation pan, the operation process is complicated, the measurement precision is not high, and the actual effect of guiding irrigation is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the embodiment of the invention provides a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device, an irrigation system and a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring method.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring an evaporation amount on a water surface of a greenhouse, including:
the device comprises an evaporation pan, an evaporation pan shell, a gravity sensor and a data acquisition unit;
the evaporating dish is in a hollow cylindrical shape and is used for containing water to be detected;
the side surface of the evaporation pan shell wraps the evaporation pan and is used for supporting the evaporation pan;
one end of the gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, and the other end of the gravity sensor is connected with the bottom of the evaporation pan and used for acquiring the weight of the evaporation pan;
the data collector is arranged between the bottom of the evaporation pan and the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, connected with the gravity sensor and used for collecting data of the gravity sensor to obtain greenhouse water surface evaporation information.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an irrigation system comprising:
the data acquisition unit is used for receiving greenhouse water surface evaporation information sent by the data acquisition unit of the device in the first aspect;
the control unit is used for sending corresponding irrigation instructions to the power unit according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information and the greenhouse crop types;
and the power unit is used for enabling irrigation water to enter the greenhouse through a pipeline to finish irrigation according to the corresponding irrigation instructions.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of irrigation, comprising:
acquiring greenhouse water surface evaporation information;
acquiring the irrigation quantity of greenhouse crops according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information;
and irrigating the greenhouse crops according to the irrigation amount of the greenhouse crops.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring system and the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring method, the gravity value of the evaporation vessel and the water to be measured is obtained in real time through the gravity sensor, the water surface evaporation amount in the greenhouse can be automatically collected in real time according to the change of the gravity value, the measuring precision is high, the measured water surface evaporation amount can guide crops to be irrigated, and accurate and automatic management of greenhouse crop water supply is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring an evaporation capacity of a water surface of a greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an irrigation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an irrigation method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the device comprises an evaporation pan 101, an evaporation pan shell 102, a gravity sensor 103 and a data collector 104;
the evaporation pan 101 is a hollow cylinder and is used for containing water to be detected;
the side surface of the evaporation pan shell 102 wraps the evaporation pan 101 and is used for supporting the evaporation pan 101;
one end of the gravity sensor 103 is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation pan shell 102, and the other end of the gravity sensor is connected with the bottom of the evaporation pan 101 and is used for acquiring the weight of the evaporation pan 101;
the data collector 104 is arranged between the bottom of the evaporation pan 101 and the bottom of the evaporation pan shell 102, connected with the gravity sensor 103, and used for collecting data of the gravity sensor 103 to obtain greenhouse water surface evaporation information.
As shown in FIG. 1, the evaporation pan 101 is used for holding water to be measured, and the diameter of the evaporation pan is generally between 10cm and 30cm, preferably, the evaporation pan 101 is a standard evaporation pan with the diameter of 20cm, and the standard evaporation pan with the diameter of 20cm is a conventional evaporation pan for measuring the water evaporation amount, and the water evaporation amount can be measured objectively by using the standard evaporation pan. The evaporating dish housing 102 is arranged on the ground, the bottom surface of the evaporating dish housing is separated from the bottom surface of the evaporating dish 101 by a certain distance and is used for placing components such as a gravity sensor 103, a data collector 104 and the like, and the side surface of the evaporating dish housing 102 is attached to the side surface of the evaporating dish 101 and is used for supporting the evaporating dish 101 and keeping the evaporating dish 101 in a vertical state. The gravity sensor 103 is installed inside the bottom end of the evaporation pan housing 102, and the evaporation pan 101 is placed on the upper end for acquiring the weight of the evaporation pan 101. When the water to be measured in the evaporation pan 101 is evaporated, the evaporation amount in the evaporation pan 101 can be obtained according to the change amount of the data measured by the gravity sensor 103. The data collector 104 is arranged between the bottom of the evaporating dish 101 and the bottom of the evaporating dish shell 102, is connected with the gravity sensor 103, and is used for collecting and storing data of the gravity sensor 103 in real time to obtain greenhouse water surface evaporation information, and preferably, the interval time between the collection and the storage of the data is one hour.
When the evaporation amount is measured, a certain amount of water is first placed in the evaporation pan 101, and at this time, the data acquisition unit 104 may acquire the weight G1 of the evaporation pan 101 and the water to be measured according to the gravity sensor 103. After a certain time, for example, one hour, the data of the gravity sensor 103 is collected to obtain the weight G2 of the evaporating dish 101 and the residual water to be measured, then the weight of the evaporated water is G1-G2, and the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse can be obtained by combining the cross sectional area of the evaporating dish 101. When the data of the gravity sensor 103 is observed every time, the weight of the water evaporated in the period of time can be obtained by comparing the data with the previous data, so that the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse in the period of time is obtained, real-time automatic observation is really realized, the irrigation of crops can be guided according to the obtained water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse, and the accurate and automatic management of the water supply of the greenhouse crops is further realized.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gravity sensor and the data collector are arranged below the evaporating dish, so that the water surface evaporation amount in the greenhouse can be automatically collected in real time, the measuring precision is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the measured water surface evaporation amount has high effectiveness in guiding crop irrigation, and the accurate and automatic management of greenhouse crop water supply can be realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus further includes a circular level 105, and the circular level 105 is mounted on the upper end of the evaporation pan housing 102 and used for determining whether the evaporation pan 101 is horizontally placed.
Further, the apparatus further comprises a leg 106, wherein the leg 106 is mounted at the lower end of the evaporation pan housing 102 for horizontally placing the evaporation pan 101 according to the circular level 105.
As shown in fig. 1, a circular level 105 is mounted on the upper end of the evaporation pan housing 102, which is circular in cross section, and encloses and holds water that will but does not fill the circular level 105, and includes a bubble above the water. When the bubble is centered in the circular level 105, it indicates that the circular level 105 is horizontally disposed, whereas when the bubble is not centered in the circular level 105, it indicates that the circular level 105 is not horizontally disposed. The circular level 105 is flush with the top end of the evaporation pan housing 102, and whether the evaporation pan 101 and the evaporation pan housing 102 are horizontally arranged can be judged according to whether the water surface in the circular level 105 is horizontal. A plurality of feet 106 are provided on the bottom of the boat housing 102, the feet 106 being adapted to accommodate the stable placement of the holding device. Preferably, the support legs 106 are adjustable in height to adjust the height of the automatic measuring device for the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount, the circular level 105 is installed at the upper end of the evaporation pan housing 102, the height of the support legs 106 is adjusted to center the air bubbles of the circular level 105, and the support legs 106 and the circular level 105 are operated cooperatively to achieve the position leveling of the automatic measuring device for the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount.
When the evaporation capacity is measured, firstly, whether the bubbles in the circular level 105 are centered or not is observed, if so, water can be added into the evaporation dish 101, and the next operation is carried out; if the bubble in the circular level 105 is not centered, the height of the support leg 106 is adjusted first, and the position change of the bubble in the circular level 105 is observed until the bubble is centered, which indicates that the whole device is in a horizontal state. Subsequently, a certain amount of water is placed in the evaporation pan 101, and the data collector 104 can obtain the weight G1 of the evaporation pan 101 and the water to be measured according to the gravity sensor 103. After a certain time, for example, one hour, the data of the gravity sensor 103 is collected to obtain the weight G2 of the evaporating dish 101 and the residual water to be measured, then the weight of the evaporated water is G1-G2, and the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse can be obtained by combining the cross sectional area of the evaporating dish 101. According to the obtained greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity, the crops can be guided to irrigate, and further the accurate and automatic management of greenhouse crop water supply is realized.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the circular level gauge is arranged at the upper end of the evaporation pan shell, so that whether the device is horizontal or not can be conveniently judged, the plurality of support legs are arranged at the lower end of the evaporation pan shell, and the height of each support leg can be adjusted when the device is not horizontal, so that the device is ensured to be horizontal, the measured water surface evaporation amount in the greenhouse is ensured, the actual water surface evaporation amount is better reflected, the crop irrigation is better guided, and the accurate and automatic management of the greenhouse crop water supply is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the device further comprises one or more liquid discharge ports 107, and the one or more liquid discharge ports 107 are located on the side wall of the evaporation pan 101.
Further, the device further comprises one or more rubber plugs 108, and the one or more rubber plugs 108 are used for blocking the corresponding one or more liquid discharge ports 107.
A plurality of liquid discharge ports 107 are formed in the side surface of the evaporation pan 101, and corresponding rubber stoppers 108 are provided for sealing each of the plurality of liquid discharge ports 107. Further, the positions of the plurality of liquid discharge ports 107 correspond to the depth of the water layer of the evaporation pan, which can be controlled by using the rubber stopper. The plurality of liquid discharge ports 107 correspond to different depths of the water layer in the evaporation pan 101, for example, the depths of the water layer corresponding to the plurality of liquid discharge ports 107 may be respectively 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, and the like, when the evaporation pan 101 is filled with water, if the rubber plug 108 on the liquid discharge port 107 corresponding to the 10mm position is removed, the excess water may flow out of the device through the liquid discharge ports 107, and the amount of water in the evaporation pan 101 is 10mm at this time. When the water in the evaporating dish 101 is completely evaporated (the indication number of the gravity sensor 103 is W1 at this time, and W1 is the net weight of the evaporating dish 101 at this time), the evaporation capacity at this time can be judged to be 10mm, and the rated irrigation process of the water surface evaporation capacity of 10mm in the greenhouse can be realized according to the guidance of the evaporation capacity of 10 mm. If a 5mm, 15mm or other quantitative irrigation process is to be achieved, the method is similar to the 10mm method, and will not be described herein.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, one or more liquid discharge ports are arranged on the side surface of the evaporating dish shell, and corresponding rubber plugs are arranged on the one or more liquid discharge ports for plugging, so that the one or more liquid discharge ports can correspond to the depth of the water layer of the evaporating dish, and when the water in the evaporating dish is completely evaporated, the evaporation amount can be directly judged, so that the irrigation is guided, the rated irrigation process when the evaporation amount is quantitative can be realized, and the accurate and automatic management of the greenhouse crop water supply is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the device further includes a communication interface 109, and the communication interface 109 is disposed on the side surface of the evaporation pan housing 102, connected to the data collector 104, and configured to send the greenhouse water surface evaporation information to the outside.
The communication interface 109 is used for transmitting information to the outside, is connected with the data collector 104, is arranged on the side wall of the evaporating dish shell 102, and can transmit data information to the outside. When the evaporation amount is measured, a certain amount of water is first placed in the evaporation pan 101, and at this time, the data acquisition unit 104 may acquire the weight G1 of the evaporation pan 101 and the water to be measured according to the gravity sensor 103. After a certain time, for example, one hour, the data of the gravity sensor 103 is collected to obtain the weight G2 of the evaporating dish 101 and the residual water to be measured, then the weight of the evaporated water is G1-G2, and the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse can be obtained by combining the cross sectional area of the evaporating dish 101. Data collection station 104 gathers and stores greenhouse surface of water evaporation capacity data to through being located communication interface 109 on the evaporating dish shell lateral wall realizes data transfer, can directly send user terminal, and convenience of customers is direct real-time to know greenhouse surface of water evaporation capacity data, in order to guide the crop to irrigate.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the communication interface is arranged, so that the data of the data collector can be transmitted outwards through the communication interface, a user can directly know the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity data in real time conveniently, the crop irrigation is guided, and the accurate and automatic management of the greenhouse crop water supply is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the apparatus further includes a power supply 110, where the power supply 110 is connected to the gravity sensor 103 and is configured to supply power to the gravity sensor 103.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gravity sensor 103 is used for acquiring the weight of the evaporating dish 101 and the water to be measured, and acquiring the water surface evaporation amount of the greenhouse according to the change of the weight. The power supply 110 is connected to the gravity sensor 103 and is used for supplying power to the gravity sensor 103. The power supply 110 can be rechargeable or dry cell type, so as to ensure that the power supply of the gravity sensor 103 is sufficient, and the weight change of the water to be measured in the evaporating dish 101 can be measured in real time, so as to obtain the water surface evaporation amount data of the greenhouse in real time and guide crop irrigation.
According to the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gravity sensor is powered by the rechargeable or dry battery type multiple power supply sources, so that the gravity sensor is stably powered, the normal work of the gravity sensor is ensured, a user can directly and timely acquire greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity data according to the data of the gravity sensor, crops are guided to be irrigated, and the accurate and automatic management of greenhouse crop water supply is realized.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an irrigation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, including:
the data acquisition unit 21 is used for receiving greenhouse water surface evaporation information sent by a data acquisition unit of the device;
the control unit 22 is used for sending corresponding irrigation instructions to the power unit according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information and the greenhouse crop types;
and the power unit 23 is used for enabling irrigation water to enter the greenhouse through a pipeline to finish irrigation according to the corresponding irrigation instructions.
The embodiment of the invention provides an irrigation system based on a greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device, which comprises a data acquisition unit 21, a control unit 22, a power unit 23 and a pipeline 24. The data acquisition unit 21 acquires and stores water surface evaporation information of each greenhouse, and the water surface evaporation information is measured by the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device. The control unit 22 realizes decision-making of crop irrigation information in each greenhouse according to the water surface evaporation information of each greenhouse of the data acquisition unit 21 and the types of crops cultivated in the greenhouse; further, the control unit 22 can also regulate and control the power unit 23, and the power unit 23 is composed of a booster water pump, a flowmeter, a matched filtering device and the like; under pressure provided by power unit 23, irrigation water enters the various greenhouses through pipes 24. Further, the pipeline 24 is composed of a main pipe, branch pipes, electromagnetic valves, end douches and the like.
The data acquisition unit 21 is communicated with the control unit 22, the control unit 22 estimates the irrigation quantity of greenhouse crops according to the acquired greenhouse water surface evaporation information, and the irrigation quantity estimation formula is as follows:
I＝kcEp
wherein I is greenhouse crop irrigation amount (mm); epThe water surface evaporation capacity (mm) of the greenhouse; k is a radical ofcAs a crop coefficient, preferably, kcThe value range is 0.7-1.0.
The control unit 22 delivers irrigation water to each greenhouse by regulating the power unit 23 and the pipeline 24 according to the estimated irrigation information of crops in each greenhouse.
In addition, the system can also perform rated irrigation according to the water level evaporation in the greenhouse, for example, when a rubber plug on a liquid outlet corresponding to a position of 10mm is taken off, the total weight of the evaporation pan is W1+ W2, wherein W1 is the net weight of the evaporation pan, and W2 is the water weight of 10 mm; when the weight of the evaporating dish is reduced to W1, the control unit 22 estimates the irrigation quantity to be 10kcAnd further realizing the automatic irrigation process according to the rated water surface evaporation capacity in the greenhouse.
The irrigation system provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device, realizes real-time measurement of the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity, and automatic recording and storage, avoids the complexity of the operation process of the traditional measuring device, improves the measurement precision and effectiveness of the water surface evaporation capacity, provides a reasonable decision-making means for scientific irrigation of greenhouse crops, avoids the blind irrigation phenomenon of the greenhouse crops, and has important significance for realizing the accurate management of the greenhouse crop moisture, increasing the greenhouse vegetable yield, improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and the like.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an irrigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, including:
and step 33, irrigating the greenhouse crops according to the irrigation quantity of the greenhouse crops.
The irrigation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is implemented based on the irrigation system provided by the embodiment. Firstly, a data acquisition unit acquires greenhouse water surface evaporation information, wherein the greenhouse water surface evaporation information is obtained by the data acquisition unit of the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device through measurement and then is sent to the data acquisition unit.
The data acquisition unit is communicated with the control unit, the data acquisition unit acquires greenhouse water surface evaporation information and then sends the greenhouse water surface evaporation information to the control unit, the control unit estimates the irrigation quantity of greenhouse crops according to the acquired greenhouse water surface evaporation information, and the irrigation quantity estimation formula is as follows:
I＝kcEp
wherein I is greenhouse crop irrigation amount (mm); epThe water surface evaporation capacity (mm) of the greenhouse; k is a radical ofcIs a crop coefficient, is a parameter related to greenhouse crop species.
And after the irrigation quantity I is obtained, the control unit regulates and controls the power unit according to the crop irrigation information of each greenhouse, and irrigation water with a corresponding quantity is conveyed to each greenhouse through a pipeline.
The irrigation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on the irrigation system, realizes real-time measurement of the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity, automatic recording and storage, avoids the complexity of the operation process of the traditional measurement device, improves the measurement precision and effectiveness of the water surface evaporation capacity, provides a reasonable decision means for scientific irrigation of greenhouse crops, avoids the blind irrigation phenomenon of the greenhouse crops, and has important significance for realizing accurate management of the greenhouse crop moisture, increasing the greenhouse vegetable yield, improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and the like.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the obtaining of the irrigation quantity of the greenhouse crop according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information specifically includes:
determining crop coefficients according to greenhouse crop species;
and obtaining the irrigation quantity of the greenhouse crops according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information and the crop coefficient.
The crop coefficient is a variable related to crops, and the change rule in the crop growth process is that the early stage is from small to large, the maximum is reached in the period of vigorous growth of the crops (about 1.0, generally not more than 1.2), and the later stage is gradually reduced. The crop coefficient is obtained under specific environmental conditions and crops, and the size of the crop coefficient is related to the environment and the crop type, and the crop coefficient is changed due to different environmental conditions or crops. The crop coefficient is often used as a reference index for design and management of the irrigation and water conservancy project, and k is commonly usedcAnd (4) showing. In practice kcThe value of (A) can be obtained in two ways, one is by looking up data, and the other is obtained by experiments. Obtaining k by experimentcThe value taking method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a plurality of crops with basically the same growth condition are selected, and the same crops are placed in the same environment, and the evaporation capacity of each crop is basically the same in the same time. The device provided by the embodiment of the invention measures the evaporation E of cropspAnd recorded. And irrigating the crops at the same time, wherein the water amount irrigated by each crop is unequal, but the ratio of the water amount irrigated by each crop to the evaporation amount is controlled to be between 0.5 and 1.2. Then observing and measuring the growth condition of each crop at certain time intervals. Selecting a group of crops with the best growth condition, and recording irrigation quantity I, I and EpThe ratio of (a) is the crop coefficient kc。
In the embodiment of the invention, the crop coefficient is determined according to the greenhouse crop species, and the value k of the crop coefficientcGenerally between 0.7 and 1.0, and needs to be determined according to different crop species and actual greenhouse environment. And after the crop coefficient is obtained, the irrigation quantity of the greenhouse crops can be obtained according to the water surface evaporation quantity of the greenhouse.
The irrigation quantity estimation formula is as follows:
I＝kcEp
wherein I is greenhouse crop irrigation amount (mm); epThe water surface evaporation capacity (mm) of the greenhouse; k is a radical ofcIs the crop coefficient.
For example, when the crop planted in a certain greenhouse is cucumber, the corresponding crop coefficient is 0.75 by checking data, and the evaporation capacity of the water surface of the greenhouse in a certain period is 10mm according to the data acquisition device, the corresponding irrigation capacity I is 0.7-10 mm-7 mm.
The irrigation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on the irrigation system, realizes real-time measurement of the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity and automatic recording and storage, avoids the complexity of the operation process of the traditional measurement device, improves the measurement precision and effectiveness of the water surface evaporation capacity, determines the crop coefficient according to greenhouse crops, obtains the irrigation capacity and irrigates the greenhouse crops, provides a reasonable decision means for scientific irrigation of the greenhouse crops, avoids the blind irrigation phenomenon of the greenhouse crops, and has important significance in the aspects of realizing accurate management of greenhouse crop moisture, increasing greenhouse vegetable yield, improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope as defined in the appended claims.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An irrigation system, comprising:
the data acquisition unit is used for receiving greenhouse water surface evaporation information sent by a data acquisition unit of the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device;
the control unit is used for sending corresponding irrigation instructions to the power unit according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information and the greenhouse crop types;
the power unit is used for enabling irrigation water to enter the greenhouse through a pipeline to finish irrigation according to the corresponding irrigation instructions;
greenhouse surface of water evaporation volume measuring device includes:
the device comprises an evaporation pan, an evaporation pan shell, a gravity sensor and a data acquisition unit;
the evaporating dish is hollow and cylindrical, has the diameter of 10cm-30cm and is used for containing water to be detected;
the side surface of the evaporation pan shell wraps the evaporation pan and is used for supporting the evaporation pan;
one end of the gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, and the other end of the gravity sensor is connected with the bottom of the evaporation pan and used for acquiring the weight of the evaporation pan;
the data collector is arranged between the bottom of the evaporation pan and the bottom of the evaporation pan shell, is connected with the gravity sensor and is used for collecting data of the gravity sensor to obtain greenhouse water surface evaporation information;
the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device also comprises a plurality of liquid discharge ports, and the liquid discharge ports are positioned on the side wall of the evaporation dish;
the device for measuring the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse further comprises a plurality of rubber plugs, and the plurality of rubber plugs are used for plugging the corresponding plurality of liquid discharge ports;
the positions of a plurality of liquid discharge ports correspond to the depth of the water layer of the evaporation dish, and the depth of the water layer of the evaporation dish is controlled by using the rubber plug;
the device for measuring the water surface evaporation capacity of the greenhouse further comprises a circular level gauge, wherein the circular level gauge is installed at the upper end of the evaporation dish shell and used for judging whether the evaporation dish is horizontally placed or not; the device for measuring the water surface evaporation amount of the greenhouse further comprises support legs, wherein the support legs are installed at the lower end of the evaporation dish shell and used for enabling the evaporation dish to be horizontally placed according to the circular level gauge;
the greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device also comprises a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is arranged on the side surface of the evaporating dish shell, is connected with the data collector and is used for sending the greenhouse water surface evaporation information to the outside;
the greenhouse water surface evaporation capacity measuring device also comprises a power supply, and the power supply is connected with the gravity sensor and used for supplying power to the gravity sensor;
the irrigation system is further configured to:
acquiring greenhouse water surface evaporation information;
acquiring the irrigation quantity of greenhouse crops according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information;
and irrigating the greenhouse crops according to the irrigation amount of the greenhouse crops.
2. The irrigation system as recited in claim 1, wherein said obtaining irrigation volume of greenhouse crops from said greenhouse water surface evaporation information comprises:
determining crop coefficients according to greenhouse crop species; obtaining the irrigation quantity of the greenhouse crops according to the greenhouse water surface evaporation information and the crop coefficient;
the irrigation system, comprising: the device comprises a data acquisition unit, a control unit, a power unit and a pipeline; the data acquisition unit acquires and stores water surface evaporation information of each greenhouse, and the water surface evaporation information is measured by the water surface evaporation amount measuring device of each greenhouse; the control unit realizes decision-making of crop irrigation information in each greenhouse according to the water surface evaporation information of each greenhouse and the types of crops cultivated in the greenhouse, which are acquired by the data acquisition unit;
the control unit is used for regulating and controlling the power unit, and the power unit consists of a booster water pump, a flowmeter and a matched filtering device; under the pressure provided by the power unit, the irrigation water enters each greenhouse through the pipeline; the pipeline consists of a main pipe, a branch pipe, an electromagnetic valve and a tail end irrigator;
the data acquisition unit is communicated with the control unit, so that the control unit estimates the irrigation quantity of greenhouse crops according to the acquired greenhouse water surface evaporation information, regulates and controls the power unit and the pipeline according to the estimated irrigation quantity of the crops in each greenhouse, and conveys irrigation water to each greenhouse.
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| CN110692500B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-06-29 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Tidal seedling culture calibration and irrigation device and method |
| CN112748036A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Water evaporation detection system based on farmland irrigation and detection method thereof |
| CN110927002A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-27 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Substrate cultivation monitoring device, system and method |
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