CN109339327A - 一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶 - Google Patents
一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，该屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨、屋面OSB板、保温层、通风层、屋面OSB板、防水层和屋面沥青瓦。轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨，靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸。本发明的屋顶结构合理，轻质坚固，保温隔热、隔音阻燃、挡水隔水、抗风抗震效果好，可承受一定的压力，不会产生变形和移位。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑屋顶，更具体地说，是一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶。
背景技术
轻钢结构房屋是以冷弯成型的薄壁型钢构作为承重骨架，以轻型材料作为围护结构所构成的居住类建筑。兼顾建筑、内外装饰、保温隔音、水暖电气、集成配套，以及满足生态环保理念要求的高效节能型绿色建筑体系。轻钢房屋具有自重轻、跨度大、抗风抗震性好，保温隔热、隔音防腐等优良特征。已广泛应用于一般农业、商业、服务性建筑，如办公楼、别墅、仓库、体育场馆、娱乐场所、旅游建筑和低、高层住宅建筑领域，还可用于旧房增层、改造、加固和建材缺乏地区、运输不便地区、工期紧、活动式可拆迁建筑等。轻钢结构房屋采用高效节能的墙体和屋顶，保温、隔热、隔音效果好，可达到50％的节能标准。
屋顶作为轻钢结构房屋的一部分，具有以上优良特征的轻钢结构房屋也对建筑屋顶提出了轻质、防火、防水、保温隔热、抗氧化、抗老化、抗风抗震和隔音的高要求，为了减轻屋顶的重量，需要使用轻质的非混凝土或水泥产品，而且还需要考虑所选用的材料的保温隔热、防火、防潮、隔音、抗氧化、抗老化、抗风抗震等效果。市场上或者网上公开的用于轻钢结构房屋的屋顶也有不少，但是有些屋顶只是铺盖了屋面瓦或者以木板作为屋顶，容易漏水且寿命短。轻钢结构房屋的使用寿命已经可以达到90年了，无论是房屋的墙体还是屋顶，都得满足其使用寿命的要求，尽量避免某个部位中途需要翻新重建。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，该屋顶结构合理，轻质坚固，保温隔热、隔音阻燃、挡水隔水、抗风抗震效果好，可承受一定的压力，不会产生变形和移位。
一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨、屋面OSB板、保温层、通风层、屋面OSB板、防水层和屋面沥青瓦。轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨、靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸。
所述防水层为合成高分子防水卷材，厚度占屋顶总厚度的6-10%，合成高分子防水卷材由以下重量份数原料组成：三元乙丙橡胶60-80份、环氧树脂50-70份、聚苯乙烯10-20份、马来酸酐15-20份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺15-20份、瓷粉20-30份、过氧化苯二甲酰2-4份、二丁基羟基甲苯1-2份、1-(N-氧二亚乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)-2-(N-氧二亚乙基)硫代苯并咪唑（MBSPT）4-6份、异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷1-3份。
所述保温层为XPS挤塑板，厚度占屋顶总厚度的8-12%，该挤塑板由以下重量份数原料组成：聚苯乙烯100-120份、膨胀石墨细粉20-25份、ZBS-6611 6-14份、聚乙烯3-7份、滑石粉3-7份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5-8份、环戊烷8-10份、硬脂酸钙0.2-0.5份、硬脂酸锌0.1-0.5份、炭黑0.2-1.5份；
保温层的制作方法：将聚苯乙烯、膨胀石墨细粉、ZBS-6611、聚乙烯、滑石粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌进行第一混料得到混合原料，将混合原料加热到150-170℃，然后加入环戊烷，搅拌25-35min，得到中间料，将中间料挤出成型即得。
所述屋面OSB板为定向刨花板，每块屋面OSB板的厚度占屋顶总厚度的8-10%。
所述呼吸纸为防水透气膜，由聚丙烯材料+高分子薄膜+聚丙烯材料热熔胶层压而成。
所述轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，轻钢龙骨中部空腔内设置凸缘加强筋，轻钢龙骨上开有大小各异的空洞，用于埋藏水电网的线路；轻钢龙骨部分的厚度占屋顶总厚度的45-55%。
所述保温隔热材料为玻璃纤维棉或硅酸铝纤维棉。
所述屋面沥青瓦铺盖时采用粘结加钉子固定的铺盖方法，使用寿命长达90年，沥青瓦层的厚度占屋顶总厚度的6-12%。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明的屋顶是一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，屋顶结构合理，轻质坚固，保温隔热、隔音阻燃、挡水隔水、抗风抗震效果好，可承受一定的压力，不会产生变形和移位。
2、轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，质量轻、耐腐蚀、抗氧化和老化，使用寿命长。在中间层使用屋面OSB板，将保温层和轻钢龙骨隔开，可以有效提高保温效果，而且定性刨花板具有质量轻、稳定性好、握螺钉力高的特点。屋顶上的保温层使用XPS挤塑板具有非常好的保温隔热效果。XPS挤塑板挤塑聚苯乙烯是我国普遍推广应用的新型建筑材料，这种利用废旧塑料变废为宝的新型环保材料，因其卓越的高强度和抗压性、优良的保温隔热性、质地轻、使用方便、优质的憎水性、防潮性和环保性能、稳定性、防腐性好，成为建筑行业普遍推广的新型建材；广泛用于屋顶和墙体保温，具有保温、阻燃、抗压、环保等功效。本发明的XPS挤塑板原料简单易得，制备方法简便、可行性高。保温层外面有一层由龙骨间隔开而形成的通风层，可以保证房屋的通风，靠内端贴了呼吸纸，阻隔了室外水气进入室内，而室内的潮气可以排出室外，调节室内的水气平衡，可以起一定的防潮作用。通风层外面还有一层屋面OSB板，屋面OSB板在外边，与内层的XPS挤塑板以及中间的木龙骨一起构成通风层，屋面OSB板在这里还是可以起平整屋顶，为防水层合成高分子防水卷材的铺设提供平整面，使防水卷材铺设更加平整，防水效果更好。最外面铺了沥青瓦，沥青瓦是应用于建筑屋面防水的一种新型的屋面材料，造型多样，适用范围广，屋顶承重轻，安全可靠，施工简便，综合成本低，经久耐用，无破碎之忧，色彩丰富，美观环保，具有隔热、保温、防水、耐腐蚀、抗风、防尘自洁的效果。本发明铺设沥青瓦时利用防水卷材的粘贴性能，将沥青瓦粘贴到屋顶上，再利用钉子进行加固，提高牢固性和使用寿命。
3、本发明使用合成高分子防水卷材作为防水层，合成高分子防水卷材的材性指标较高，如优异的弹性和抗拉强度，使卷材对基层变形的适应性增强；优异的耐候性能，使卷材在正常的维护条件下，使用年限更长，可减少维修、翻新的费用。本发明的防水卷材使用三元乙丙橡胶、环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺作为主要材料，综合了合成橡胶、合成树脂和合成纤维的效果，添加马来酸酐使三元乙丙橡胶、环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯三者接枝共聚；使用过氧化苯二甲酰作为硫化剂，MBSPT作为促进剂，添加硫化剂的作用是交联橡胶赋予橡胶制品使用物性，能使橡胶分子链交联成为硫化橡胶的配合剂，还能使橡胶分子链起交联反应，使线形分子形成立体网状结构，经过硫化的橡胶可塑性降低，弹性剂强度增加，力学性能也大大提高。MBSPT兼具促进剂和防老剂的功效，不仅能促进硫化的进行，还能提高卷材的防老化性能；二丁基羟基甲苯作为抗氧化剂，可以很好地提高卷材的抗氧化能力，延长使用寿命；异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷作为卷材的桥联剂，适当添加可以提高卷材的粘贴性能。本发明的防水卷材具有优良的耐候性、耐臭氧性、耐热性和低温柔性，还具有质量轻、拉伸强度高、伸长率大、使用寿命长、耐老化性能好、化学稳定性佳、耐强碱腐蚀等优点。
附图说明
图1为屋顶结构图，图中标号说明：1、屋面沥青瓦；2、防水层；3、屋面OSB板；4、通风层；5、呼吸纸；6、保温层；7、屋面OSB板；8、轻钢龙骨。
具体实施方式
为了更加详细的介绍本发明，下面结合实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨8、屋面OSB板7、保温层6、通风层4、屋面OSB板3、防水层2和屋面沥青瓦1。轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨、靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸5。
所述防水层为合成高分子防水卷材，厚度占屋顶总厚度的8%，合成高分子防水卷材由以下重量份数原料组成：三元乙丙橡胶70份、环氧树脂60份、聚苯乙烯15份、马来酸酐18份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺18份、瓷粉25份、过氧化苯二甲酰3份、二丁基羟基甲苯1.5份、1-(N-氧二亚乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)-2-(N-氧二亚乙基)硫代苯并咪唑（MBSPT）5份、异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷2份。
所述保温层为XPS挤塑板，厚度占屋顶总厚度的10%，该挤塑板由以下重量份数原料组成：聚苯乙烯110份、膨胀石墨细粉22份、ZBS-6611 10份、聚乙烯5份、滑石粉5份、羟丙基甲基纤维素6份、环戊烷9份、硬脂酸钙0.3份、硬脂酸锌0.3份、炭黑0.8份；
制作方法：将聚苯乙烯、膨胀石墨细粉、ZBS-6611、聚乙烯、滑石粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌进行第一混料得到混合原料，将混合原料加热到160℃，然后加入环戊烷，搅拌30min，得到中间料，将中间料挤出成型即得。
所述屋面OSB板为定向刨花板，每块屋面OSB板的厚度占屋顶总厚度的9%。
所述呼吸纸为防水透气膜，由聚丙烯材料+高分子薄膜+聚丙烯材料热熔胶层压而成。
所述轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，轻钢龙骨中部空腔内设置凸缘加强筋，轻钢龙骨上开有大小各异的空洞，用于埋藏水电网的线路；轻钢龙骨部分的厚度占屋顶总厚度的50%。
所述保温隔热材料为玻璃纤维棉或硅酸铝纤维棉。
所述屋面沥青瓦铺盖时采用粘结加钉子固定的铺盖方法，使用寿命长达90年，沥青瓦层的厚度占屋顶总厚度的10%。
实施例2
一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨8、屋面OSB板7、保温层6、通风层4、屋面OSB板3、防水层2和屋面沥青瓦1。轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨、靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸5。
所述防水层为合成高分子防水卷材，厚度占屋顶总厚度的10%，合成高分子防水卷材由以下重量份数原料组成：三元乙丙橡胶60份、环氧树脂50份、聚苯乙烯10份、马来酸酐15份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺15份、瓷粉20份、过氧化苯二甲酰2份、二丁基羟基甲苯1份、1-(N-氧二亚乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)-2-(N-氧二亚乙基)硫代苯并咪唑（MBSPT）4份、异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷1份。
所述保温层为XPS挤塑板，厚度占屋顶总厚度的12%，该挤塑板由以下重量份数原料组成：聚苯乙烯100份、膨胀石墨细粉20份、ZBS-6611 6份、聚乙烯3份、滑石粉3份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、环戊烷8份、硬脂酸钙0.2份、硬脂酸锌0.1份、炭黑0.2份；
制作方法：将聚苯乙烯、膨胀石墨细粉、ZBS-6611、聚乙烯、滑石粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌进行第一混料得到混合原料，将混合原料加热到150℃，然后加入环戊烷，搅拌25min，得到中间料，将中间料挤出成型即得。
所述屋面OSB板为定向刨花板，每块屋面OSB板的厚度占屋顶总厚度的10%。
所述呼吸纸为防水透气膜，由聚丙烯材料+高分子薄膜+聚丙烯材料热熔胶层压而成。
所述轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，轻钢龙骨中部空腔内设置凸缘加强筋，轻钢龙骨上开有大小各异的空洞，用于埋藏水电网的线路；轻钢龙骨部分的厚度占屋顶总厚度的45%。
所述保温隔热材料为玻璃纤维棉或硅酸铝纤维棉。
所述屋面沥青瓦铺盖时采用粘结加钉子固定的铺盖方法，使用寿命长达90年，沥青瓦层的厚度占屋顶总厚度的6%。
实施例3
一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨8、屋面OSB板7、保温层6、通风层4、屋面OSB板3、防水层2和屋面沥青瓦1。轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨、靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸5。
所述防水层为合成高分子防水卷材，厚度占屋顶总厚度的6%，合成高分子防水卷材由以下重量份数原料组成：三元乙丙橡胶80份、环氧树脂70份、聚苯乙烯20份、马来酸酐20份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺20份、瓷粉30份、过氧化苯二甲酰4份、二丁基羟基甲苯2份、1-(N-氧二亚乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)-2-(N-氧二亚乙基)硫代苯并咪唑（MBSPT）6份、异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷3份。
所述保温层为XPS挤塑板，厚度占屋顶总厚度的8%，该挤塑板由以下重量份数原料组成：聚苯乙烯120份、膨胀石墨细粉25份、ZBS-6611 14份、聚乙烯7份、滑石粉7份、羟丙基甲基纤维素8份、环戊烷10份、硬脂酸钙0.5份、硬脂酸锌0.5份、炭黑1.5份；
制作方法：将聚苯乙烯、膨胀石墨细粉、ZBS-6611、聚乙烯、滑石粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌进行第一混料得到混合原料，将混合原料加热到170℃，然后加入环戊烷，搅拌35min，得到中间料，将中间料挤出成型即得。
所述屋面OSB板为定向刨花板，每块屋面OSB板的厚度占屋顶总厚度的8%。
所述呼吸纸为防水透气膜，由聚丙烯材料+高分子薄膜+聚丙烯材料热熔胶层压而成。
所述轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，轻钢龙骨中部空腔内设置凸缘加强筋，轻钢龙骨上开有大小各异的空洞，用于埋藏水电网的线路；轻钢龙骨部分的厚度占屋顶总厚度的55%。
所述保温隔热材料为玻璃纤维棉或硅酸铝纤维棉。
所述屋面沥青瓦铺盖时采用粘结加钉子固定的铺盖方法，使用寿命长达90年，沥青瓦层的厚度占屋顶总厚度的12%。
Claims (7)
1.一种轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述屋顶从内到外分别是轻钢龙骨、屋面OSB板、保温层、通风层、屋面OSB板、防水层和屋面沥青瓦，轻钢龙骨中间填充有保温隔热材料，通风层中间放了木龙骨、靠保温层面贴有呼吸纸；
所述防水层为合成高分子防水卷材，厚度占屋顶总厚度的6-10%，所述合成高分子防水卷材由以下重量份数原料组成：三元乙丙橡胶60-80份、环氧树脂50-70份、聚苯乙烯10-20份、马来酸酐15-20份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺15-20份、瓷粉20-30份、过氧化苯二甲酰2-4份、二丁基羟基甲苯1-2份、1-(N-氧二亚乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)-2-(N-氧二亚乙基)硫代苯并咪唑4-6份、异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述保温层为XPS挤塑板，厚度占屋顶总厚度的8-12%，该挤塑板由以下重量份数原料组成：聚苯乙烯100-120份、膨胀石墨细粉20-25份、ZBS-6611 6-14份、聚乙烯3-7份、滑石粉3-7份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5-8份、环戊烷8-10份、硬脂酸钙0.2-0.5份、硬脂酸锌0.1-0.5份、炭黑0.2-1.5份；
制作方法：将聚苯乙烯、膨胀石墨细粉、ZBS-6611、聚乙烯、滑石粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌进行第一混料得到混合原料，将混合原料加热到150-170℃，然后加入环戊烷，搅拌25-35min，得到中间料，将中间料挤出成型即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述屋面OSB板为定向刨花板，每块屋面OSB板的厚度占屋顶总厚度的8-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述呼吸纸为防水透气膜，由聚丙烯材料+高分子薄膜+聚丙烯材料热熔胶层压而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述轻钢龙骨为冷轧钢带成型而成，表面镀锌，轻钢龙骨中部空腔内设置凸缘加强筋，轻钢龙骨上开有大小各异的空洞，用于埋藏水电网的线路；轻钢龙骨部分的厚度占屋顶总厚度的45-55%。
6.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述保温隔热材料为玻璃纤维棉或硅酸铝纤维棉。
7.根据权利要求1所述轻钢结构房屋的屋顶，其特征在于：所述屋面沥青瓦铺盖时采用粘结加钉子固定的铺盖方法，使用寿命长达90年，沥青瓦层的厚度占屋顶总厚度的6-12%。
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| CN111877536A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 广东定源建设工程有限公司 | 一种新型节能装配式建筑物 |
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