CN109328106A - 核-复合壳微胶囊 - Google Patents
核-复合壳微胶囊 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109328106A CN109328106A CN201780039464.5A CN201780039464A CN109328106A CN 109328106 A CN109328106 A CN 109328106A CN 201780039464 A CN201780039464 A CN 201780039464A CN 109328106 A CN109328106 A CN 109328106A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- microcapsules
- polyisocyanates
- shell
- core
- fragrance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备核‑复合壳微胶囊浆料的方法,该浆料用于递送疏水性活性成分,例如香料油的芳香组分。该方法包括通过凝聚,围绕着含有疏水性活性成分的内相而形成外壳;通过界面聚合,在内相和外壳之间的界面处形成内壳。内相含有疏水性活性成分。微胶囊通常掺入到消费品中,其中复合壳通常在使用消费品期间防止疏水性活性成分释放直至需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种递送系统,其包含核和由凝聚层和合成聚合物形成的复合壳,并涉及递送系统用于包封含有疏水性活性成分,例如香料或调味料油的液体、固体、乳液或分散体的用途。
背景技术
香料添加剂使得消费品(诸如家庭护理及身体护理产品,且特别是洗衣组合物)在美学上能更加取悦于消费者,并且在许多情形下,香料向经处理的织物赋予令人愉悦的芳香。但是,从水性洗衣浴中携带至织物上的香料的量往往是有限的。通过将香料添加剂封装在微胶囊中,能够改善香料添加剂的递送效率和活性寿命。微胶囊提供了若干优点,例如防止香料与洗衣组合物中的不相容成分发生物理或化学反应,以及防止香料挥发或蒸发。微胶囊在香料的递送和保存上是特别有效的,因为能够通过只在织物干燥时才破裂并由此释放出香料的微胶囊来将香料递送至并保留在织物中。可以通过诸如温度等多种因素来诱发微胶囊的破裂,由此当胶囊降解时递送其内容物。替代地,可以通过诸如压碎等物理力或其他能够破坏微胶囊的完整性的方法来破坏微胶囊。此外,可以通过在所需的时间间隔期间扩散通过胶囊壁来递送微胶囊内容物。
与洗涤的衣物相关的香气对于许多消费者而言是重要的。在洗衣体验期间,存在许多与消费者发生关联的所谓的“接触点”。这些接触点的非限制性例子包括与打开织物护理容器、清洗衣物后打开洗衣机、干燥衣物后打开洗衣烘干机相关联的清新感体验以及与穿着经洗涤的衣物相关的清新感。已经报道,有很大一部分消费者在洗涤完衣物约一天之后会将他们的衣物折叠并收好。在洗涤完衣物约一天之后折叠衣物时的清新感也向消费者发出‘所述衣物是干净的’这样的信号。
个人和身体护理产品构成其他类别的商品,消费者对其香料的体验非常重要,并且香料递送系统对于提供消费者所期望的益处,例如在使用期间香料迸发或者持久效果是必要的。
多层化胶囊在本领域中是已知的。US 2005/0112152大体上描述了使用第二覆盖层(诸如阳离子覆盖层)进一步覆盖经封装的芳香剂。英国专利申请GB 1257178公开了通过在已经形成的初级薄膜层的有缺陷的部位(例如,其中存在的裂纹、毛细微孔等)中的亲水性和疏水性液体的界面处形成次级薄膜层以填补缺陷而制造的多层包覆的胶囊。
英国专利申请GB 1141186公开了通过如下而制造的双壁胶囊:首先,在水性媒介中通过两种反应物(其中一种存在于水性媒介中,而另一种存在于内相中或其上)之间的界面反应来预包覆内相的液滴或固体颗粒;然后,通过凝聚提供另一覆盖层。
US 5,180,637描述了双壁微胶囊,其中初级壁由通过缩聚反应制备的氨基树脂构成,而次级壁通过树脂的聚离子络合物与聚苯乙烯磺酸或其盐的凝聚形成,由此液滴沉积在初级壁上。虽然据说这些微胶囊具有改善的耐热性和防潮性,但是由叠加不同的层组成的壳的结构倾向于分层并且提供的仍然是高渗透性产品。
Fan等人报道了通过层叠层组装技术(layer-by-layer assembly technology)制备由控制厚度的聚电解质壳包围的含有三烯丙基胺的核的微胶囊(“Preparation of oilcore/multilayerpolyelectrolyte shell microcapsules by a coacervation method,”Materials Science Forum(2011),vol.675-677(Pt.2,Adv.Mat.Science andTechnology),p.1109-1112)。
WO2014044840公开了一种制备多层核/壳微胶囊的方法,该微胶囊用于递送活性剂,例如香料油的芳香组分。该方法包括通过凝聚,围绕着含有活性剂的内相而形成外壳;通过界面聚合,在内相和外壳之间的界面处形成内壳。在该文献中,聚合反应需要存在反应物,这是因为在异氰酸酯和反应物(特别是二胺或多元醇)之间引发所述聚合反应以获得聚脲聚合物。
尽管多层化胶囊在本领域中通常是已知的,但是可以改善这些胶囊的品质和/或制造它们的方法。因此,工业上需要通过简化和成本有效的方法制备的对于所包封的材料具有改善的阻隔性和释放性能的微胶囊。本发明满足了工业的这一需求和其他需求。
发明内容
现已发现,通过在不存在反应物如胺或多胺的情况下在现有的凝聚壳中形成由多异氰酸酯聚合而成的复合壁,可以获得包封了疏水性活性成分如香料油的有效微胶囊。出乎意料的是,即使使用非常有限量的这种多异氰酸酯,这些胶囊在稳定性方面也表现出高性能。
第一方面,本发明涉及一种制备核-复合壳微胶囊浆料的方法,该方法包括:
(i)提供疏水性内相作为含水载体中的分散体,所述疏水性内相包含至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯和疏水性活性成分;
(ii)在足以形成复合凝聚层结节悬浮液的条件下,在含水载体中混合第一和第二聚电解质;
(iii)将复合凝聚层结节沉积在含水载体的邻近疏水性内相的界面处以形成微胶囊的外壳,其中疏水性内相形成核并且在其中含有该多异氰酸酯和该疏水性活性成分;并且
(iv)提供足以引发外壳内多异氰酸酯的界面聚合以在内相和外壳之间的界面处形成内壳的条件,以形成核-复合壳微胶囊浆料,
其特征在于,在该方法的任何阶段都不加入易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺。
第二方面,本发明涉及核-复合壳微胶囊,其包含凝聚层的外壳、基本上由聚合的多异氰酸酯组成的内壳以及包含疏水性活性成分的内相,该聚合的多异氰酸酯是在不存在由多胺或胺组成的反应物的情况下,由至少一种包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯形成的,并且其中该内壳和外壳形成复合结构。
第三方面,本发明涉及本文公开的核-复合壳微胶囊作为消费品的加香组合物的用途。这些消费品通常是家庭护理或个人护理产品的形式,其中包含微胶囊,并且优选为液体或粉末形式,特别是作为洗涤剂组合物,织物柔软剂,硬表面清洁组合物,或餐具洗涤组合物,或洗发水,护发素,浴用摩丝、浴油或沐浴露,除臭剂或止汗剂。
附图说明
图1是显示制备本发明的核-复合壳微胶囊的方法的图。
图2是显示油的泄漏与40℃下储存时间的关系的图。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明,否则%表示组合物的重量百分比。
根据本发明,“没有易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺”是指,如果存在,所加入的胺或多胺的量必须足够低,以便如果与多异氰酸酯反应,不会显著改变微胶囊壁的性质。通常,可以在本发明的方法中加入的胺官能度的量小于异氰酸酯官能度的量的50摩尔%,优选小于25摩尔%,最优选小于10摩尔%。
根据一个具体实施方案,在步骤(iii)和步骤(iv)之间不加入易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺。
根据一个具体实施方案,该方法完全不添加易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺。
根据本发明,通过“在该方法的任何阶段都不加入易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺”,应该理解,内壳仅由于多异氰酸酯在界面聚合过程中发生的自聚合而形成。
换句话说,在外壳形成中起作用的第一和第二聚电解质因此被排除在“在该方法的任何阶段都不添加易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺”的定义之外。
根据本发明,“核-复合壳微胶囊”是指包含具有两个互连层的复合壳的微胶囊,其是指由通过化学或物理相互作用连接的层组成的壳,从而形成一种复合结构。
作为物理或化学相互作用,可以列举共价键、离子键、配位共价键、氢键、范德华相互作用、疏水性相互作用、螯合作用或空间效应。
本发明涉及制备具有水凝胶/聚脲复合结构的双壁壳的复合核-壳微胶囊的简化且成本有效的方法。已经发现,即使在不存在与多异氰酸酯反应形成所述合成聚合物的水溶性反应物如胺或多胺的情况下,也可以获得具有与迄今已知的那些相当或更好性能的胶囊。这是令人惊讶的,因为在现有技术中公开了胺或多元醇作为多异氰酸酯的水溶性反应物的存在,其对于制备具有所需性能的这种复合膜是必不可少的。本发明的方法提供了膜组合物和特定结构,其已经显示出在稳定性方面特别有益。
在本发明中,组合了两种工艺,即复合凝聚工艺(形成外部水凝胶壳)和界面聚合工艺,不存在胺(形成内部聚合物壳)以获得具有良好性能的核/复合壳胶囊。不受理论束缚,据信构成微胶囊外壳的凝聚层充当内部聚合物壳聚合的支架。这种组合导致形成具有两个互连层的复合膜。通过具有两个互连层的复合膜,是指由通过化学和物理相互作用连接的层组成的膜,从而形成一个不可分离的整体。因此,该结构使得外部凝聚层与内部聚合物壳连接。这种具有互连层的复合膜即使在机械破裂时也保持相互连接,因此它们整体上发生破裂(而不是在一层接一层地分层或破坏)。
因此,通过在相同的工艺单元内进行复合凝聚和界面聚合工艺而不添加反应物以引发界面聚合,本发明的方法有利地减少了工艺时间和成本,同时还提供了表现出所需性能的胶囊。
作为第一个目的,本发明涉及一种制备核-复合壳微胶囊浆料的方法,该方法包括:
(i)提供疏水性内相作为含水载体中的分散体,所述疏水性内相包含至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯和疏水性活性成分;
(ii)在足以形成复合凝聚层结节悬浮液的条件下,在含水载体中混合第一和第二聚电解质;
(iii)将复合凝聚层结节沉积在含水载体的邻近疏水性内相的界面处以形成微胶囊的外壳,其中疏水性内相形成核并且在其中含有该多异氰酸酯和该疏水性活性成分;并且
(iv)提供足以引发外壳内多异氰酸酯的界面聚合以在内相和外壳之间的界面处形成内壳的条件,以形成核-复合壳微胶囊浆料,
其特征在于,在该方法的任何阶段都不加入易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺。
根据一个具体实施方案,在该方法的任何阶段都不加入从由胍盐、三-(2-氨基乙基)胺、N,N,N',N'-四(3-氨基丙基)-1,4-丁二胺、胍唑、赖氨酸构成的群组中选出的的胺或多胺。
根据一个实施方案,在该方法的任何阶段都不加入大量易于与多异氰酸酯聚合的胺或多胺以外的其他水溶性反应物,所述水溶性反应物从由多元醇、硫醇、脲、氨基甲酸酯及它们的混合物构成的群组中选出。
制备本发明微胶囊的典型方法包括以下步骤,并在图1中示意性地示出。
通过复合凝聚形成外部水凝胶壳
在特定温度、pH和浓度条件下混合两种带相反电荷的聚电解质以引发聚合物相分离,从而产生复合凝聚层结节的悬浮液。本领域技术人员将能够根据聚电解质的性质选择最佳条件(pH、条件)。复合凝聚层结节必须沉积在活性界面处以形成核-壳胶囊。可选地,胶囊经历化学或酶促交联步骤。此外,待包封的疏水性活性剂(通常是芳香性材料,例如香料油)必须已经含有适当的经聚合已形成内壳的多异氰酸酯。
通过在凝聚层/油界面处聚合形成内壳
根据本发明,引发包含在胶囊核心内的多异氰酸酯的聚合,而不需要在含水载体中加入任何胺或多胺。
实际上已经发现,包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯——优选芳族化合物——甚至在疏水性内相中以有限量存在——都能够以足够的效率聚合以提供具有良好性质的胶囊壁。
不受理论的束缚,据信由于多异氰酸酯的高反应性,内相中存在的多异氰酸酯的聚合在内相(油相)和含水载体(水相)混合时并随时间推移在方法开始时发生,从而减少工艺时间。
根据一个实施方案,多异氰酸酯的聚合在与形成凝聚层的条件(pH、温度)相同的条件下进行。
然而,也可在该工艺中调节温度和/或pH以控制界面聚合的速率。
根据一个具体实施方案,步骤(iv)中获得的微胶囊浆料的pH值不调节成高于7,以保持壳的结构。
实际上,在碱性pH下,构成水凝胶壳的凝聚层可以溶解,导致壳的破坏,并最终使微胶囊的结构崩解。
根据一个实施方案,在整个工艺期间溶液的pH等于或低于7。
不受理论束缚,据信凝聚层或水凝胶壳充当支架,多异氰酸酯可在其上聚合,从而形成内部聚脲壳。
本发明的微胶囊由以下成分制成:
(a)第一聚电解质(聚电解质I)
(b)第二聚电解质(聚电解质II)
(c)一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯
(d)包封在微胶囊内的疏水性活性剂
(a)带一种电荷的第一聚电解质(聚电解质I),优选选自能够与具有相反电荷的电解质或聚电解质相互作用的蛋白质,从而形成具有涂覆疏水性界面的凝聚层相的能力以形成的胶囊。在一个优选的实施方案中,聚电解质I在pH<8时带正电荷,以便在胶凝温度以下的水中形成凝胶或高粘度溶液,在高于凝胶熔点的温度下在水中形成低粘度溶液。胶凝温度以上的粘度通常低于0.1Pa·s;在胶凝温度以下,使用基于剪切流变的测量方法(此种方法连同相关的胶凝温度的定义描述于例如Parker,A.and Normand,V.,Soft Matter,6,pp4916-4919(2010)中),在凝胶形成后的最初24小时内测量时,凝胶的弹性模量G'通常在0.1~15kPa的范围内。优选地,聚电解质I是明胶材料。
(b)第二聚电解质(聚电解质II),其优选选自多糖或与聚电解质I相比具有相反极性的电荷的另一种聚合物。通常,聚电解质II在pH>2时带负电荷。优选地,聚电解质II是这样一种聚电解质,其在pH>2时仅微弱地带负电荷;此种聚合电解质是例如羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基瓜尔胶钠、或黄原胶、或植物胶(如金合欢胶)。最优选地,其为金合欢胶(阿拉伯树胶)。聚电解质1和聚电解质2之间的比优选为10/0.1~0.1/10。
根据一个实施方案,当pH小于8时,第一聚电解质携带净正电荷,而当pH大于2时,第二聚电解质携带净负电荷。
根据一个实施方案,第一聚电解质是明胶,而第二聚电解质从由羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基瓜尔胶钠、黄原胶和植物胶构成的群组中选出。
根据一个优选的实施方案,第一聚电解质是明胶,而第二聚合物是金合欢胶。
(c)根据本发明使用的合适的多异氰酸酯包括芳族多异氰酸酯、脂族多异氰酸酯及它们的混合物。根据本发明,内相包含至少一种具有至少3个但可包含最多6个,或甚至仅4个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯。
根据一个具体实施方案,使用三异氰酸酯(3个异氰酸酯官能团)。
根据一个实施方案,使用二异氰酸酯(2个异氰酸酯官能团)与三异氰酸酯(3个异氰酸酯官能团)的混合物。
根据一个具体实施方案,疏水性内相基本上不含二异氰酸酯。
根据一个具体实施方案,所述多异氰酸酯是芳族多异氰酸酯。
术语“芳族多异氰酸酯”在本文中包括任何包含芳族部分的多异氰酸酯。优选地,它包含苯基、甲苯酰基、二甲苯基、萘基或二苯基部分,更优选甲苯酰基或二甲苯基部分。优选的芳族多异氰酸酯是缩二脲,聚异氰脲酸酯,和二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,更优选包含上述特定芳族部分之一。更优选地,芳族多异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯(可从Bayer以商品名RC购得)、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物(可从Bayer以商品名L75购得)、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物(可从Mitsui Chemicals以商品名D-110N购得)。在一个最优选的实施方案中,芳族多异氰酸酯包含苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。
根据另一个实施方案,所述多异氰酸酯是脂族多异氰酸酯。术语“脂族多异氰酸酯”定义为不包含任何芳族部分的多异氰酸酯。优选的脂族多异氰酸酯是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚物、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚物、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物(可从Mitsui Chemicals获得)或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲(可从Bayer以商品名N 100购得),其中更优选六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲。
根据另一个实施方案,所述至少一种多异氰酸酯是至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯和至少一种芳族多异氰酸酯的混合物形式,两者均包含至少两个或三个异氰酸酯官能团,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲与苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物的混合物,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲与甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯的混合物,以及六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲与甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物的混合物。最优选地,它是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲与苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物的混合物。优选地,当以混合物形式使用时,脂族多异氰酸酯与芳族多异氰酸酯之间的摩尔比为80:20至10:90。
根据一个实施方案,用于本发明方法的至少一种多异氰酸酯的存在量优选为疏水性内相的0.1至30重量%,优选0.5至15重量%,更优选1至10重量%,甚至更优选2至8重量%。
本领域技术人员将能够根据所需应用的性质选择合适量的多异氰酸酯。
根据一个具体实施方案,疏水性内相基本上由疏水性活性成分和至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯组成。
内壳的体积通常占壳的总体积的0.1至99%,优选0.1至80%。
(d)通过“疏水性活性成分”,是指在水中形成两相溶液的任何活性成分,即单一成分,或多成分的混合物。
疏水性活性成分优选从由调味料、调味料成分、香料、香料成分、营养制品、化妆品、昆虫防治剂、杀生物剂活性物质及它们的混合物构成的群组中选出。
存在于疏水性内相中的昆虫防治剂的性质和类型不保证在此更详细的描述,其无论如何都是无法穷尽的,技术人员能够基于其一般知识并根据的预期用途或应用来选择它们。
合适的昆虫防治剂的非限制性例子包括桦木、DEET(N,N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺)、柠檬桉(Corymbia citriodora)的精油和其活性化合物对薄荷烷-3,8-二醇(PMD)、埃卡瑞丁(icaridin)(羟乙基异丁基哌啶甲酸酯)、荆芥内酯(Nepelactone)、香茅油、印度楝树油、香杨梅(Bog Myrtle)(Myrica Gale)、碳酸二甲酯、三环癸烯基烯丙基醚、IR3535(3-[N-丁基-N-乙酰基]氨基丙酸乙酯、乙基己二醇、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、甲氧苄氟菊酯(Metofluthrin)、避蚊酮(Indalone)、SS220、基于邻氨基苯甲酸酯的驱虫剂及它们的混合物。
根据一个具体实施方案,疏水性活性成分包含香料与从营养制品、化妆品、昆虫防治剂和杀生物剂活性物质构成的群组中选出的另一种成分的混合物。
根据一个具体实施方案,疏水性活性成分包含香料。
根据一个具体实施方案,疏水性活性成分由香料组成。
通过“香料油”(或称“香料”),在此是指在约20℃下为液体的成分或组合物。根据上述实施方案中的任一个,所述香料油可以是单独的加香成分或加香组合物形式的多种成分的混合物。作为“加香成分”,这里是指这样一种化合物,其主要目的是用于赋予或调节气味。换句话说,要被认为是加香成分,必须被本领域技术人员公认为能够以主动或愉快的方式至少赋予或改变组合物的气味,而不仅仅是具有气味。为了本发明的目的,香料油还包括加香成分与一起改善、增强或改变加香成分的递送的物质(例如香料前体、乳液或分散体)的组合,以及除了改变或赋予气味以外还赋予额外益处的组合,所述额外益处例如持久、迸发、恶臭抵消、抗菌效果、微生物稳定性、昆虫防治。
存在于疏水性内相中的加香成分的性质和类型在此不保证更详细的描述,其无论如何都是无法穷尽的,技术人员能够根据其常识并根据预期用途或应用以及所需的感官效果来选择它们。一般而言,这些加香成分属于不同的化学分类,如醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、醚类、乙酸酯类、腈类、萜类化合物、含氮或含硫杂环化合物和精油,并且所述加香助成分可以是天然来源的或合成来源的。在任何情况下,许多这些助成分都列于参考文献诸如S.Arctander的著作Perfume and Flavor Chemicals,1969,Montclair,New Jersey,USA或其更新的版本或类似性质的其他著作中,以及香料领域内丰富的专利文献中。还可理解的是,所述成分还可以是已知的以受控方式释放各种类型加香化合物的化合物。
加香成分可以溶解在香料工业中目前使用的溶剂中。溶剂优选不是醇。这种溶剂的例子是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、(松香树脂,可得自Eastman)、苯甲酸苄酯,柠檬酸乙酯、柠檬烯或其他萜烯,或异链烷烃。优选地,溶剂是非常疏水性的并且是高度空间位阻的,例如或苯甲酸苄酯。优选地,香料包含少于30%的溶剂。更优选地,香料包含少于20%,甚至更优选少于10%的溶剂,所有这些百分比均由相对于香料总重量的重量来定义。最优选地,香料基本不含溶剂。
根据本发明的方法可以包括将步骤(iv)中获得的浆料干燥以获得干燥的核-复合壳微胶囊的另一步骤。
本发明的另一个目的是可通过上述实施方案中任一项所定义的方法获得的核-复合壳微胶囊浆料或核-复合壳微胶囊,其中该内壳基本上由聚合的多异氰酸酯组成,该聚合的多异氰酸酯是在不存在由多胺或胺组成的反应物的情况下,由至少一种包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯形成的。
通过“基本上”,应该理解为内壳中存在的胺或多胺的量足够低,以便如果它与多异氰酸酯反应则不会显著改变微胶囊壁的性质。
本发明的另一个目的是核-复合壳微胶囊,其包含凝聚层的外壳、基本上由聚合的多异氰酸酯组成的内壳以及包含疏水性活性成分的内相,该聚合的多异氰酸酯是在不存在由多胺或胺组成的反应物的情况下,由至少一种包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯形成的,并且其中该内壳和外壳形成复合结构。
本发明的微胶囊尽管用简化的方法制备,特别是在不存在与多异氰酸酯聚合的胺或多胺的反应物的情况下,与采用类似的方法但存在胺或多胺制备的胶囊相比,特别是在稳定性方面显示出相同或更好的性能。
本发明的微胶囊是核/复合壳系统,包含:通常含有明胶、阿拉伯树胶和水的膜;和含有多异氰酸酯和疏水性活性成分(例如香料油)的内相。
通常,本发明的微胶囊具有1μm至5,000μm,优选5μm至1,000μm的平均核心半径尺寸。已经证明平均核心半径尺寸为100μm至500μm的微胶囊在某些身体护理产品中是有用的。在其他情况下,其中平均核心半径尺寸为10至40μm的微胶囊也被证明是有用的。本领域技术人员可以根据所需应用的性质容易地调节微胶囊的尺寸
内壳的体积通常占壳的总体积的0.1至99%,优选0.1至80%。
最终的复合膜性能取决于多种因素,例如胶囊核内的多异氰酸酯的浓度。胶囊膜的初始厚度也影响最终的复合膜性能。调节多异氰酸酯的浓度以确保最终产物中游离多异氰酸酯的浓度低于安全要求。
本发明的另一个目的是一种加香组合物,包含:
(i)本发明中定义的微胶囊浆料;
(ii)至少一种从由香料载体和香料助成分构成的群组中选出的成分;和
(iii)可选地,至少一种香料佐剂。
作为液体香料载体,可以列举作为非限制性例子的乳化体系,即溶剂和表面活性剂体系,或通常用于香料中的溶剂。香料中通常使用的溶剂的性质和类型的详细描述是无法穷尽的。然而,可以列举作为非限制性例子的溶剂,例如一缩二丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)-1-乙醇或柠檬酸乙酯,它们是最常使用的。对于包含香料载体和香料助成分的组合物,除了先前明确的之外,其他合适的香料载体也可以是乙醇、水/乙醇混合物、柠檬烯或其他萜烯、异链烷烃,例如以商标(来源:Exxon Chemical)公知的那些,或二醇醚和二醇醚酯,例如以商标(来源:DowChemical Company)公知的那些。通过“香料助成分”,在此是指这样一种化合物,其用于加香制剂或组合物中以赋予快感效果,并且不是如上定义的微胶囊。换句话说,要被认为是加香的助成分,其必须被本领域技术人员公认为能够以主动或愉快的方式赋予或改变组合物的气味,而不仅仅是具有气味
存在于加香组合物中的加香助成分的性质和类型在此不保证更详细的描述,其无论如何都是无法穷尽的,技术人员能够根据其常识并根据预期用途或应用以及所需的感官效果来选择它们。一般而言,这些加香助成分属于不同的化学分类,如醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、醚类、乙酸酯类、腈类、萜类化合物、含氮或含硫杂环化合物和精油,并且所述加香助成分可以是天然来源的或合成来源的。在任何情况下,许多这些助成分都列于参考文献诸如S.Arctander的著作Perfume and Flavor Chemicals,1969,Montclair,New Jersey,USA或其更新的版本或类似性质的其他著作中,以及香料领域内丰富的专利文献中。还可理解的是,所述助成分还可以是已知的以受控方式释放各种类型加香化合物的化合物。
通过“香料佐剂”,这里是指能够赋予额外的附加益处(如颜色、特定耐光性、化学稳定性等)的成分。通常用于加香组合物中的佐剂的性质和类型的详细描述是无法穷尽的,但是必须提及所述成分是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
优选地,根据本发明的加香组合物包含0.1~30重量%的如上定义的微胶囊。
本发明的微胶囊具有多种用途。例如,本发明的微胶囊可以包括在可以使用通过凝聚或通过界面聚合制得的胶囊的香料应用中,包括但不限于消费品,如沐浴乳、身体护理、空气护理和精细香料。在一个实施方式中,优选具有强粘附性能的胶囊。由蛋白质和弱阴离子聚合电解质形成的壳的凝聚层组分的存在为本发明的胶囊提供了优异的粘附性能。
本文所述的本发明的微胶囊可用作家庭护理或个人护理类型的消费品中的加香成分。
实际上,根据本发明的微胶囊,尽管用简化的方法制备,特别是在不存在与多异氰酸酯聚合的胺或多胺的反应物的情况下,即使在含有大量的(通常超过其自身重量的10%)特定类型的表面活性剂/张力活性物质/溶剂(其已知会显著降低其他类似现有技术胶囊的稳定性和性能)的消费品中也表现出良好的稳定性。
使用本文公开的微胶囊在化学侵蚀性环境中提供令人满意的稳定性。换句话说,在各种应用中使用胶囊相对于其他类似的现有技术胶囊的相同使用提供了不可预见的优点。
本发明还涉及此类微胶囊在家庭护理或个人护理产品形式的消费产品中的应用。此种产品可以是固体产品或液体产品。根据特定的实施方式,优选液体产品。表述“家庭护理或个人护理”在本文中具有本领域的通常含义,并且特别地其包括诸如身体护理、头发护理或家庭护理产品等产品。根据本发明所述的液体产品的例子可以从由洗发剂或护发素、液体洗涤剂、织物软化剂、浴用摩丝、浴油或沐浴露、除臭剂或止汗剂构成的群组中选择。优选地,液体加香的产品是沐浴露、洗发剂、液体洗涤剂或织物软化剂。根据本发明所述的固体产品的例子可以从由皂条、粉末洗涤剂或空气清新剂构成的群组中选择。作为洗涤剂产品,所考虑的应用有诸如用于清洗或用于清洁各种表面(例如用于纺织品、餐具或硬表面(地板、瓷砖、石材-地板等))的洗涤剂组合物或清洁产品。优选地,表面是纺织品。
方便地,本发明的微胶囊可以原样使用以加香该消费品。例如,可以将微胶囊以0.1~30重量%的量直接加入到消费品中,例如获得约0.0333~10重量%的总香料含量。优选地,根据本发明所述的消费品包含其自身重量的约0.01~4重量%或甚至4.5%的上文定义的含有香料油成分的胶囊。当然,上述浓度可以根据每种产品中所期望的嗅觉效果来调整。
本发明还提供包含本发明的微胶囊以及洗涤成分的消费品,例如洗衣和清洁组合物。优选地,所述洗衣和清洁组合物从由洗涤剂组合物、硬表面清洁组合物以及餐具洗涤组合物构成的群组中选出。本发明还提供了一种用于制备所述洗衣和清洁组合物的方法,其包含通过选自于喷雾、干混及它们的组合的方式将本发明的微胶囊与洗涤成分结合的工序。
最优选地,所述洗衣和清洁组合物是织物洗涤剂或软化剂组合物。能够掺入本发明微胶囊的织物洗涤剂或软化剂组合物的例子描述于WO97/34986或U.S.专利号4,137,180和5,236,615或EP799885中。可以使用的其他典型洗涤剂和软化组合物描述于诸如如下著作中:Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,Vol.A8,315-448页(1987)和vol.A25,747-817页(1994);Flick,Advanced Cleaning Product Formulations,NoyePublication,Park Ridge,N.J.(1989);Showell的Surfactant Science Series,vol.71:Powdered Detergents,Marcel Dekker,New York(1988);Proceedings of the WorldConference on Detergents(4th,1998,Montreux,Switzerland),AOCS印。
因此,本发明的方法是一种成本有效的解决方案,以提供稳健且稳定的微胶囊,其包含改善了胶囊的粘附和机械性能的水凝胶壳(凝聚层),和提供了额外的优异的阻隔性能的内壳(聚脲)。
通过本发明方法获得的微胶囊在胶囊处于干燥状态时表现出优异的抗活性剂蒸发性,并且在恶劣环境例如洗涤剂或表面活性剂溶液中具有优异的抗胶囊去稳定性。
取决于最终产品的安全状态,本发明的微胶囊还可以用在通常使用通过凝聚制成的胶囊的食品应用中。
现在将通过实施例进一步描述本发明。应当理解,所要求保护的本发明无论如何不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例
实施例1
用戊二醛交联的复合聚脲/凝聚胶囊:根据本发明的胶囊X1(在该方法中不加入胺
或多胺)
分别制备10重量%猪明胶(A)(250Bloom,由Norland提供)和15重量%阿拉伯树胶(B)(来自CNI)的水溶液。
将待包封的芳香剂与10%的多异氰酸酯(苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,D-110N,Mitsui Chemical)(C)混合。
在40℃的容器中,在机械剪切下将31.8g溶液(A)和21.2g溶液(B)加入到165.3g温热的软化水中。使用HCl 1M将pH调节至4.5。混合物在40℃保持15分钟。
将31.8g溶液(C)缓慢加入到该混合物中,并在230RPM下均化5分钟,以达到600μm的平均液滴尺寸。保持机械剪切,同时使溶液在10℃下以0.2至0.3℃/min的速率冷却。搅拌速度略微降低,向混合物中加入0.102g戊二醛(50重量%水溶液,由Sigma-Aldrich提供)。将胶囊悬浮液在20~25℃下混合4~10小时。
结果是微胶囊的含水悬浮液或浆料。
实施例2
用戊二醛交联的复合聚脲/凝聚胶囊:根据本发明的胶囊X1'(在该方法中不加入
胺或多胺)
分别制备10重量%猪明胶(A)(250Bloom,由Norland提供)和15重量%阿拉伯树胶(B)(来自CNI)的水溶液。
将待包封的芳香剂与8%的多异氰酸酯(苯二甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,D-110N,Mitsui Chemical)(C)混合。
在40℃的容器中,在机械剪切下将29.2g溶液(A)和14.4g溶液(B)加入到130.9g温热的软化水中。使用HCl 1M将pH调节至4.55。混合物在40℃保持15分钟。
将25.4g溶液(C)缓慢加入到该混合物中,并在230RPM下均化5分钟,以达到600μm的平均液滴尺寸。保持机械剪切,同时使溶液在10℃下以0.2至0.3℃/min的速率冷却。搅拌速度略微降低,向混合物中加入0.102g戊二醛(50重量%水溶液,由Sigma-Aldrich提供)。将胶囊悬浮液在20~25℃下混合4~10小时。
结果是微胶囊的含水悬浮液或浆料。
比较例3
用戊二醛交联的多层聚脲/凝聚胶囊:在此过程中使用胺控制胶囊X2
分别制备(A)10重量%猪明胶(250Bloom,由Norland提供);和(B)10重量%阿拉伯树胶(来自CNI);和(C)3重量%胍唑的水溶液。将待包封的芳香剂组分与(D)8%的异氰酸酯(甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,N4;来源:BayerMaterial Science)混合。
在40℃的容器中,在机械剪切下将25.4g溶液(A)和12.7g溶液(B)加入到92.8g温热的软化水中。使用HCl 1M将pH调节至4.5。混合物在40℃保持15分钟,然后以0.5℃/分钟的速率冷却至35~31℃。
将19.1g溶液(D)缓慢加入到该混合物中,并在250RPM下均化5分钟,以达到600μm的平均液滴尺寸。保持机械剪切,同时使溶液在10℃下以0.5℃/min的速率冷却。然后稍微降低搅拌速度,并向混合物中加入0.102g戊二醛(50重量%水溶液,由Sigma-Aldrich提供)。使交联在20℃下进行4至10小时。
然后将20g溶液(C)以1ml/min的速率加入到微胶囊的含水悬浮液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌1至4小时或可选地加热至40~70℃的温度。
结果是具有复合聚脲/凝聚层壳的胶囊的含水悬浮液或浆料,凝聚层组分由明胶和阿拉伯树胶形成。
实施例4
淋浴凝胶应用中的稳定性
根据实施例3制备的凝聚胶囊(X2)和根据实施例1和2制备的本发明的水凝胶/聚脲胶囊(X1和X1')的稳定性在沐浴露中进行比较。所使用的模型沐浴露基质由50%的去离子水、5%的增稠剂(丙烯酸酯/山嵛醇聚醚-25甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,可从Lubrizol获得)、43%的表面活性剂(烷醇聚醚硫酸钠和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱)、0.5%的防腐剂(苯甲酸钠)组成;使用氢氧化钠和柠檬酸来调节pH值。
对照胶囊(X2)含有与根据本发明的水凝胶/聚脲胶囊的内相中相同的活性剂。如图2所示,如实施例1和2中所述制备的水凝胶/聚脲胶囊(即不使用胺)与通过使用胺制备的对照凝聚胶囊一样稳定。
该结果表明,令人惊讶的是,在该方法中不存在胺不会影响胶囊在经受高度浓缩的表面活性剂介质时的稳定性。
因此,本发明提供了一种优化的方法,该方法不仅具有成本效益,而且不耗时。
Claims (14)
1.一种制备核-复合壳微胶囊浆料的方法,该方法包括:
(i)提供疏水性内相作为含水载体中的分散体,所述疏水性内相包含至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯和疏水性活性成分;
(ii)在足以形成复合凝聚层结节悬浮液的条件下,在含水载体中混合第一和第二聚电解质;
(iii)将复合凝聚层结节沉积在含水载体的邻近疏水性内相的界面处以形成微胶囊的外壳,其中疏水性内相形成核并且在其中含有该多异氰酸酯和该疏水性活性成分;并且
(iv)提供足以引发外壳内多异氰酸酯的界面聚合以在内相和外壳之间的界面处形成内壳的条件,以形成核-复合壳微胶囊浆料,
其特征在于,在该方法的任何阶段都不加入易于与多异氰酸酯聚合形成内壳的胺或多胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(iv)中获得的微胶囊浆料的pH值不调节成高于7。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中在该方法的任何阶段都不加入任何量的易于与多异氰酸酯聚合的胺或多胺以外的其他水溶性反应物,所述水溶性反应物从由多元醇、硫醇、脲、氨基甲酸酯及它们的混合物构成的群组中选出。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于第一聚电解质是明胶,而第二聚电解质从由羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基瓜尔胶钠、黄原胶和植物胶构成的群组中选出。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于第二聚电解质是金合欢胶。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯的含量为疏水性内相的0.1~30重量%。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该至少一种具有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯是芳族多异氰酸酯。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该疏水性活性成分从由香料、调味料、营养制品、化妆品、昆虫防治剂、杀生物剂活性物质及它们的混合物构成的群组中选出,优选香料或者调味料。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中还包括将步骤(iv)中获得的浆料干燥以获得经干燥的核-复合壳微胶囊的步骤。
10.通过权利要求1~8中任一项所述的方法获得的核-复合壳微胶囊浆料或通过权利要求9所述的方法获得的核-复合壳微胶囊,其中该内壳基本上由聚合的多异氰酸酯组成,该聚合的多异氰酸酯是在不存在由多胺或胺组成的反应物的情况下,由至少一种包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯形成的。
11.核-复合壳微胶囊,其包含凝聚层的外壳、基本上由聚合的多异氰酸酯组成的内壳以及包含疏水性活性成分的内相,该聚合的多异氰酸酯是在不存在由多胺或胺组成的反应物的情况下,由至少一种包含至少三个异氰酸酯官能团的多异氰酸酯形成的,并且其中该内壳和外壳形成复合结构。
12.一种加香组合物,包含:
(i)权利要求10中定义的微胶囊浆料或权利要求11中定义的微胶囊,其中疏水性活性成分包含香料;
(ii)至少一种从由香料载体和香料助成分构成的群组中选出的成分;和
(iii)可选地,至少一种香料佐剂。
13.一种消费品,其为家庭护理或个人护理产品形式,其包含权利要求10中定义的微胶囊浆料或权利要求11中定义的微胶囊,为液体或粉末形式,或权利要求12中定义的加香组合物,特别是作为洗涤剂组合物、织物柔软剂,硬表面清洁组合物、餐具洗涤组合物、洗发剂、护发素、浴用摩丝、浴油或沐浴露、除臭剂或止汗剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的消费品,其包含0.1~50重量%的表面活性剂。
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