CN109311997B - 抗axl拮抗抗体 - Google Patents
抗axl拮抗抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109311997B CN109311997B CN201780038590.9A CN201780038590A CN109311997B CN 109311997 B CN109311997 B CN 109311997B CN 201780038590 A CN201780038590 A CN 201780038590A CN 109311997 B CN109311997 B CN 109311997B
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- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium vanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N troxacitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)OC1 RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010147 troxacitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000004330 tyrosol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 208000007089 vaccinia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及特异性结合Axl蛋白上的新表位的抗体。本发明还公开了制备和使用抗Axl抗体的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特异性结合Axl蛋白的抗体。还涉及抗Axl抗体的制备方法和用途。
背景技术
Axl是共享维生素K依赖性配体Gas6(生长停滞特异性蛋白6)的TAM(Tyro3-Axl-Mer)受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的成员。TAM家族RTK调节各种各样的细胞反应,包括细胞存活、增殖、自噬、迁移、血管生成、血小板聚集和自然杀伤细胞分化。Axl在许多胚胎组织中表达并且被认为涉及间叶细胞和神经的发育,在成体组织中的表达主要限于平滑肌细胞(MGIGene Expression Database;www.informatics.jax.org)。Axl活化与几种信号转导途径关联,包括Akt、MAP激酶、NF-κB、STAT等。自从最初被鉴定为来自于慢性骨髓性白血病患者的转化基因以来,Axl一直与各种高等级癌症相关并且与不良预后有关联。
已经在各种各样的实体瘤和髓性白血病中检测出Axl受体过表达(Linger等,AdvCancer Res.100:35,2008;Linger等,Expert Opin Ther Targets.14:1073,2010)。
Axl表达与恶性进展相关联并且是在包括胰腺(Song等,Cancer.117:734,2011)、前列腺(Paccez等,Oncogene.32:698,2013)、肺(Ishikawa等,Ann Surg Oncol.2012;Zhang等,Nat Genet.44:852,2012)、乳腺(Gjerdrum,Proc natl Acad Sci USA107:1124,2010)、结肠癌(Yuen等,PLoS One,8:e54211,2013)和急性髓性白血病(AML)(Ben-Batalla等,Blood 122:2443,2013)在内的几种恶性肿瘤中对患者较差存活的独立预测因子。
Axl信号转导受肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(Loges等,Blood.115:2264,2010)或自分泌机制(Gjerdrum,Proc natl Acad Sci USA 107:1124,2010)分泌的蛋白配体(Gas6)激活,所述蛋白配体驱动受体二聚化、自体磷酸化和下游信号传导,例如经由PI3激酶(PI3K)-AKT,特别是AKT和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径(Korshunov,Clinical Science.122:361,2012)。还报道称会发生其它酪氨酸激酶受体,例如表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的异源二聚化(Linger等,Expert Opin Ther Targets.14:1073,2010;Meyer等,Science Signalling 6:ra66,2013)。
肿瘤细胞中Axl的异常活化与对体外和体内靶向治疗剂的获得性耐药性广泛相关(Zhang等,Nat Genet.44:852,2012;Byers等,Clin Cancer Res.19:279,2013)。在几种癌症实验模型,包括三阴性乳腺癌、激素抗性前列腺癌和肺腺癌中,Axl靶向剂通过逆转EMT/CSC特征而阻断肿瘤形成、转移和逆转耐药性(例如,对埃罗替尼(erlotinib))(Holland等,Cancer Res 70:1544,2010;Gjerdrum,Proc natl Acad Sci USA 107:1124,2010;Zhang等,Nat Genet.44:852,2012;Paccez等,Oncogene.32:698,2013)。
涉及Axl和抗Axl抗体的其它申请包括EP2267454A2[Diagnosis and preventionof cancer cell invasion measuring...Axl-Max Planck];WO2009063965[anti Axl-Chugai Pharmaceutical];WO2011159980A1[anti-Axl-Genentech];WO2011014457A1[combination treatments Axl and VEGF antagonists-Genentech],Oncogene(2009)28,3442–3455,Oncogene(2010)29,5254–5264[anti-Axl-Genentech];WO2012-175691A1[AntiAxl 20G7-D9-INSERM];WO2012-175692A1[Anti Axl 3E3E8-INSERM],Oncogene 33,5405-5414(2014年11月20日,doi:10.1038/onc.2013.487);WO2009/062690A1[anti Axl-U3Pharma]和WO2010/130751A1[humanised anti Axl-U3 Pharma]。
上述文献中描述的抗Axl抗体具有不同的性质。例如,Oncogene(2009)28,3442-3455描述了来自Genentech的三种抗Axl抗体,被命名为3G9、8B5和12A11;作者报道,虽然所有三种抗体均诱导Axl表达的下调,但只有3G9和8B5阻断配体与Axl受体的结合(参见同上,第3453页,右栏,上部)。许多相同作者的后续论文(Oncogene(2010)29,5254-5264)报道,阻断配体结合的抗体(YW327.6S2)能够减弱MDA-MB-231异种移植肿瘤生长并增强抗vEGF治疗的作用,而12A11抗体则不是(见同上,图4)。
在另一个实例中,据报道Oncogene 33,5405-5414(2014年11月20日,doi:10.1038/onc.2013.487)中描述的‘D9’和‘E8’抗体抑制AXL及其下游靶AKT的磷酸化而不影响生长停滞特异性因子6(GAS6)的结合(参见同上,摘要)。相同作者还描述了WO2016/091891中的D4抗体(参见该公开的SEQ ID No.1和2)。
在最后一个实例中,未报道WO 2009062690 A1中描述的11B7抗体抑制GAS6配体与受体Ax1的结合。
鉴于Axl在肿瘤生成中的作用,期望鉴定更多具有有利特性的特异性结合Axl的抗体。本发明涉及此类抗体。
附图说明
图1
来自于显示嵌合MAb 10G5与重组人(rh)Axl、rhMer和rhTyro3的相互作用的结合分析的传感图的叠加图。示出了减去空白表面信号后的曲线。
图2
配体(鼠MAb 10G5和rmGas6)与涂覆有rhAxl、重组鼠(rm)Axl和rhTyro3的传感器芯片CM5相互作用的Biacore分析。示出了减去空白表面信号后的曲线。
图3
配体(鼠MAb 10G5)与涂覆有重组人Axl(rhAxl)和来自食蟹猴的Axl抗原(cyno-Axl)的传感器芯片CM5相互作用的Biacore分析。示出了减去空白表面信号后的曲线。
图4
鼠MAb 10G5与固定在Biacore传感器芯片表面上的rhAxl相互作用的动力学分析。示出了不同抗体浓度(鼠10G5为0.3–166.7nM)的传感图的重叠图。使用BIA评估软件进行精确的动力学分析并且根据1:1朗格缪尔结合模型(Langmuir binding model)进行曲线拟合。下表1中示出了亲和力常数(动态和稳态)以及计算的25℃下抗原结合的半衰期。
表1
图5
使用Biacore 3000对鼠MAb 10G5(第1样品)与抗Axl MAb MAB154(R&D Systems)、鼠抗体10G5、rhGas6和rmGas6(第2样品)之间竞争的分析。示出了使用不同的第2样品的传感图的重叠图。用箭头指出了注射第1样品(鼠10G5)和第2样品的起始点。
图6
抗Axl抗体对三维(3D)器官型肿瘤块发展的影响。在细胞外基质存在下生长时,用对照IgG(显示于中间上图)或抗Axl MAb(下图)处理高侵袭性人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,从而产生3D器官型模型。作为阳性对照,示出了Axl表达被敲低的MDA-MB-231细胞。
图7
抗Axl抗体鼠10G5对建立的3D器官型肿瘤块的作用。用对照IgG或抗Axl抗体鼠10G5处理发育9天的人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的星状3D类器官块(organoid mass),处理72小时。图像采用明场捕获;箭头表示凋亡、降解的星状细胞。
图8
示出了用多激酶抑制剂抗体Foretinib治疗对Axl受体表达效果的蛋白质印迹分析。使用抗体(无关IgG对照和抗Axl MAb鼠10G5和MAb#3)或Foretinib处理高侵袭性的人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231 24小时,然后将其加载到SDS-PAA凝胶上。将肌动蛋白的水平用作负载对照。
图9
示出了在存在小鼠单克隆抗体鼠10G5的情况下,对Gas6介导的Axl信号传导的抑制的蛋白质印迹分析。Ser473上Akt的磷酸化被用作Axl活性的替代读数。M:分子量标记物。用抗磷酸化Akt(Ser473)或抗GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)作为负载对照,以检测全细胞裂解物的免疫印迹。
图10
源自抗Axl单克隆抗体10G5的人源化VH和VL结构域的氨基酸序列。重链和轻链的CDR区域加有下划线。
图11
抗体10G5的嵌合变体(c10G5)与Axl阳性细胞的剂量依赖性结合。在流式细胞术中测试了不同浓度的嵌合抗体与三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的结合。分别用对小鼠IgG(H+L)(1:500稀释)或人IgG(H+L)(1:300稀释)(两者均来自于Jackson ImmunoResearch)有特异性的APC-缀合的驴F(ab')2片段检测结合的嵌合抗体。使用Accuri C6流式细胞仪(BDBiosciences)测量细胞染色。MFI:几何平均荧光强度。
图12
来自于显示嵌合抗体c10G5以及其鼠对应物与重组人(rh)Axl的相互作用的Biacore结合分析的传感图的叠加图。示出了减去空白表面信号后的曲线。
图13
嵌合抗体c10G5与固定在Biacore传感器芯片表面上的rhAxl相互作用的动力学分析。示出了不同抗体浓度(c10G5为0.3-166.7nM)的传感图的重叠图。使用BIA评估软件进行精确的动力学分析并且根据1:1朗格缪尔结合模型(Langmuir binding model)进行曲线拟合。下表2中示出了亲和力常数(动态和稳态)以及计算的25℃下抗原结合的半衰期。
表2
图14
嵌合抗体10G5对A549异种移植肿瘤生长的抑制。以20mg/kg腹膜内给药抗体,每周两次,从平均肿瘤大小达到100mm3开始给药。显示了用载体(无菌PBS)或嵌合10G5处理的组的肿瘤生长曲线。误差条表示平均标准误差(SEM)。使用双因素ANOVA分析进行统计学分析。**:P<0.01。
图15
嵌合抗体10G5对Mv4-11异种移植肿瘤生长的抑制。以30mg/kg腹膜内给药抗体,每周两次,从平均肿瘤大小达到200mm3开始给药。显示了用载体(无菌PBS)或嵌合10G5处理的组的肿瘤生长曲线。误差条表示平均标准误差(SEM)。使用双因素ANOVA分析进行统计学分析。*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;****:P<0.0001。
图16
来自实施例16的数据。与c10G5相比,抗体Glymax-c10G5显著减弱了A549肿瘤的生长(P<0.0001,通过双因素ANOVA测定)。嵌合10G5的wt和脱岩藻糖基化形式的活性上的显著差异表明了抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC)在抑制肿瘤生长中的重要性。
图17
来自实施例17的数据。与对照相比,hu10G5 H2L1抗体显著减弱了A549肿瘤的生长(P<0.051,通过双因素ANOVA测定);在治疗两周后观察到约25%的抑制。
图18
来自实施例18的数据。hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)抗体显示中等的抗肿瘤活性,其类似于抗EGFR的治疗性抗体西妥昔单抗(Erbitux)的抗肿瘤作用。与亚型对照治疗的动物相比,两种抗体的组合产生显著的肿瘤生长延缓(P<0.0001;通过双因素ANOVA测定)。与单独使用hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)或Erbitux治疗的组相比,组合效应也很显著(P<0.05;通过双因素ANOVA分析确定)。
图19
人源化抗体10G5(c10G5)与Axl阳性细胞的剂量依赖性结合(图19A)。与固定在Biacore传感器芯片表面上的rhAx1相互作用的人源化抗体的动力学分析(图19B)。实验细节在实施例19中给出。
图20
使用抗体-皂草素缀合物杀死肿瘤细胞。比较了嵌合10G5和两种人源化10G5变体。实验细节在实施例20中给出。
图21
显示作为第一样品的MAb c10G5或YW327.6S2-var与作为第二样品的MAbYW327.6S2-var之间的结合竞争的叠加图,通过Biacore测定(图21A)。
图21B显示当YW327.6S2-var作为第一样品注射,然后注射作为第二样品的MAbYW327.6S2-var或c10G5时的竞争结果。
图22
抗Axl抗体10G5和YW327.6S2var对纤维化标记物的抑制。每个条形图在x轴上报告标题标记物的相对mRNA表达。在y轴上显示了在mRNA定量之前与LX2细胞群一起培养的抗体:1H12=聚集抗Axl抗体导致Axl自体磷酸化和活化;10G5=如本发明所述的BerGenBio抗Axl;YW327.6S2var=如本发明所述的Genentech抗Axl。
图23
如实施例22中所述,显示用GlymaxX-c10G5)和来自Genentech的抗Axl人抗体的变体(YW327.6S2var)处理的小鼠中个体肿瘤的肿瘤生长的图。
发明内容
本发明包括所描述的情况和优选特征的组合,除非明显不允许或明确避免这种组合。
这里使用的章节标题仅用于组织目的,不应解释为限制所描述的主题。
现在将参考附图通过示例说明本发明的情况和实施方案。其他情况和实施方案对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。本发明中提到的所有文献都通过引用并入本发明。
在整个说明书中,包括所附的权利要求,除非上下文另有要求,否则词语“包括”和诸如“包含”和“含有”的变体将被理解为暗示包括所述整数或步骤或整数或步骤的组,但不排除任何其他整数或步骤或整数或步骤的组。
必须注意的是,如说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数指示物,除非上下文另有明确说明。范围在本发明中可以表示为从“约”一个特定值,和/或到“约”另一个特定值。当表达这样的范围时,另一个实施方案包括从一个特定值和/或到另一个特定值。类似地,当通过使用先行词“约”将值表示为近似值时,将理解该特定值形成另一个实施方案。
本发明提供了结合至Axl蛋白并抑制Axl与其配体Gas6结合的人源化抗体。该抗体优选也下调Axl表达、抑制Axl受体信号传导和/或抑制肿瘤生长。
本发明公开了结合Axl并抑制Axl与其配体Gas6的结合的这种人源化抗体的具体实例。这些抗体包含选自本发明公开的GH1、GH2、GL1和GL2结构域的可变重链(VH)和可变轻链(VL)结构域。在第一个实施方案中,抗体包含GH1和GL1。在第二个实施方案中,抗体包含GH2和GL1。在第三个实施方案中,抗体包含GH1和GL2。在第四个实施方案中,抗体包含GH2和GL2。
优选地,该抗体抑制Axl与其配体Gas6的结合。甚至更优选地,该抗体还下调Axl表达,抑制Axl受体信号传导,和/或抑制肿瘤生长。
具有与本发明所述抗体相同的CDR和结合特异性的抗体描述于WO2016/097370中。然而,已发现包含本发明所述特定VH和VL序列的抗体相对于WO2016/097370中举例说明的鼠和嵌合抗体具有改善的性质。具体地,与WO2016/097370中举例说明的鼠和嵌合抗体相比,本发明所述的抗体有利地具有增加的结合亲和力和细胞杀伤活性。
这些改善的性质是令人惊讶的,因为本发明公开的抗体和WO2016/097370的抗体共享相同的CDR序列,并且如果有什么区别的话,可以预期将鼠CDR从其天然框架移出并转移到人框架中会降低抗体的结合特性。
此外,本发明公开的人源化10G5抗Axl抗体与许多现有技术抗Axl抗体的比较突出了人源化10G5抗体的许多优点,包括:
·10G5抗体结合新的Axl表位,允许其与现有技术抗体组合使用;
·如上所述,10G5抑制Axl与其配体Gas6的结合;在测试的现有技术抗体中,只有YW327.6S2具有这种性质;
·通过Axl自身磷酸化水平测量,与10G5培养抑制了Axl活化;相反,与YW327.6S2培养增加了Axl活化水平;
·在纤维化疾病模型中,与10G5培养抑制了Axl活化和纤维化标记物的表达;相反,与YW327.6S2var抗体培养导致纤维化标记物的表达水平增加;
·10G5具有比YW327.6S2更低的交叉反应性(YW327.6S2与鼠Axl交叉反应,而10G5不反应);这允许在体内模型中分离对肿瘤相对宿主细胞的抗体作用;
·10G5在鼠异种移植癌模型中具有与YW327.6S2类似的功效,但对鼠宿主细胞没有作用;在人类受试者中,10G5也将靶向宿主细胞,且具有额外的治疗效果。
下面更详细地讨论这些优点,其中实验细节在实施例21和22中给出。
序列
本发明公开了以下序列(完整序列参见下面的‘序列’部分):
SEQ ID NO.1→人源化10G5 VH结构域GH1,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.2→人源化10G5 VH结构域GH2,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.3→人源化10G5 VL结构域GL1,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.4→人源化10G5 VL结构域GL2,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.5→示例重链恒定区,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.6→10G5 GH1重链,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.7→10G5 GH2重链,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.8→重轻恒定区,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.9→10G5 GL1轻链,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.10→10G5 GL2轻链,氨基酸
SEQ ID NO.11→人源化10G5 VH结构域GH1,核酸
SEQ ID NO.12→人源化10G5 VH结构域GH2,核酸
SEQ ID NO.13→人源化10G5 VL结构域GL1,核酸
SEQ ID NO.14→人源化10G5 VL结构域GL2,核酸
SEQ ID NO.15→示例重链恒定区,核酸
SEQ ID NO.16→10G5 GH1重链,核酸
SEQ ID NO.17→10G5 GH2重链,核酸
SEQ ID NO.18→重轻恒定区,核酸
SEQ ID NO.19→10G5 GL1轻链,核酸
SEQ ID NO.20→10G5 GL2轻链,核酸
SEQ ID NO.21→编码人Axl的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.22→编码鼠Axl的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.23→编码人Tyro3的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.24→编码人Mer的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.25→编码人Akt3的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.26→编码人Gas6的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.27→编码‘Cyno-Axl’的氨基酸序列
SEQ ID NO.28→鼠10G5 VH结构域
SEQ ID NO.29→鼠10G5 VL结构域
SEQ ID NO.30→10G5 VH CDR1
SEQ ID NO.31→10G5 VH CDR2
SEQ ID NO.32→10G5 VH CDR3
SEQ ID NO.33→10G5 VL CDR1
SEQ ID NO.34→10G5 VL CDR2
SEQ ID NO.35→10G5 VL CDR3
在本发明的一个方面中,提供了一种抗体,其结合Axl并且其包含:
抗体VH结构域,其选自人源化10G5 VH结构域GH1(SEQ ID NO.1)、人源化10G5 VH结构域GH2(SEQ ID NO.2)和VH结构域,所述VH结构域包含具有SEQ ID NO.32的氨基酸序列的VH CDR3和任选地一个或多个具有选自SEQ ID NO.31和SEQ ID NO.30的氨基酸序列的VHCDR;和/或
抗体VL结构域,其选自人源化10G5 VL结构域GL1(SEQ ID NO.3)、人源化10G5 VL结构域GL2(SEQ ID NO.4)和VL结构域,所述VL结构域包含具有选自SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ IDNO.34和SEQ ID NO.35的氨基酸序列的一个或多个VL CDR。
例如,所述抗体可包含抗体VH结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.30、SEQ ID NO.31和SEQ ID NO.32的氨基酸序列的VH CDR。所述抗体还可包含抗体VL结构域,所述抗体VL结构域包含具有SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.34和SEQ ID NO.35的氨基酸序列的VL CDR。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗体包含:(i)抗体VH结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.30、SEQ ID NO.31和SEQ ID NO.32的氨基酸序列的VH CDR,和(ii)抗体VL结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.34和SEQ ID NO.35的氨基酸序列的VL CDR。
在一方面,本发明提供分离的抗体,其结合Axl且包含10G5 VH(GH1)结构域(SEQID NO:1)或10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:2)。优选该结合的Axl为人Axl。
在一些实施方案中,该VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)或10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQID NO:2)与10G5 VL(GL1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:3)配对,使得形成包含10G5 VH和VL结构域的抗体抗原结合位点。
在一些实施方案中,该VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)或10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQID NO:2)与10G5 VL(GL2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:4)配对,使得形成包含10G5 VH和VL结构域的抗体抗原结合位点。
在一些实施方案中,该抗体包含VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)和10G5 VL(GL1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:3)。在一些实施方案中,该抗体包含VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)和10G5VL(GL2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:4)。
在优选的实施方案中,该抗体包含VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:2)和10G5 VL(GL1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:3)。在一些实施方案中,该抗体包含VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:2)和10G5 VL(GL2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:4)。
在其它实施方案中,所述10G5 VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)或10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO:2)与10G5 VL之外的VL结构域配对;轻链混杂(promiscuity)是在本领域完善建立的。
在一些实施方案中,该抗体进一步包含重链恒定区。在一些实施方案中该重链恒定区具有SEQ ID NO:5中所述的序列。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明提供分离的抗体,其结合Axl且包含10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)或10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)。
在一些实施方案中,该抗体进一步包含轻链恒定区。在一些实施方案中该轻链恒定区具有SEQ ID NO:8所述的序列。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明提供分离的抗体,其结合Axl且包含10G5 GL1轻链(SEQ ID NO:9)或10G5 GL2轻链(SEQ ID NO:10)。
在一些实施方案中,该10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)或10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)与10G5 GL1轻链(SEQ ID NO:9)配对,使得形成包含10G5 VH和VL结构域的抗体抗原结合位点。
在一些实施方案中,该10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)或10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)与10G5 GL2轻链(SEQ ID NO:10)配对,使得形成包含10G5 VH和VL结构域的抗体抗原结合位点。
在优选的实施方案中,该抗体包含10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)和10G5 GL1轻链(SEQ ID NO:9)。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)和10G5 GL2轻链(SEQ ID NO:10)。
在一些实施方案中,该抗体包含10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)和10G5 GL1轻链(SEQ ID NO:9)。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)和10G5 GL2轻链(SEQ ID NO:10)。
优选地,所述抗体与包含10G5 VH结构域(SEQ ID NO.12)和10G5 VL结构域(SEQID NO.13)的抗体的Axl结合结构域竞争结合人Axl。
优选地,所述抗体结合至表位,所述表位与可得自如WO2016/097370中所述的杂交瘤WR-10G5-E5的抗体结合。
优选地,所述抗体抑制Axl与其配体Gas6的结合。甚至更优选地,所述抗体也下调Axl表达、抑制Axl受体信号传导和/或抑制肿瘤生长。
除抗体序列以外,根据本发明所述的抗体可包含其它氨基酸,例如形成肽或多肽,如折叠结构域,或除结合抗原的能力以外还赋予分子其它功能特征。
本发明的抗体可携带可检测标记物,或可与毒素(如细胞毒素)、酶或有机部分缀合(例如经由肽键或接头)。
本领域的技术人员知道许多将分子与蛋白质化学缀合的方法。在本发明的一个实施方案中,抗体可与可检测的荧光标记物,例如异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC),或与报告酶如辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合。
在优选的实施方案中,该抗体与细胞毒性药物缀合,形成抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)。当抗体供制药用时,连接抗体和药物的键优选在循环(例如,血液循环)中稳定,但缀合物一旦被隔绝在细胞内就不稳定。因此,缀合为免疫缀合物的抗体可用于治疗(例如)癌症的方法中。
在另外的方面中,本发明提供了一种分离的核酸,该核酸包含编码根据本发明所述的抗体、VH结构域和/或VL结构域的序列,并且提供了制备本发明的抗体、VH结构域和/或VL结构域的方法,该方法包括在引起所述抗体、VH结构域和/或VL结构域产生的条件下表达所述核酸,并且将其回收。
根据本发明所述的抗体可用于治疗或诊断人或动物的方法,例如治疗(可包括预防性治疗)人患者中的疾病或病症的方法中,该方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的本发明的抗体或其缀合物或药物缀合物。根据本发明可治疗的病症包括在本发明其它地方所讨论的那些。
根据本发明所述的抗体可用于成像方法中,例如以确定与抗体结合的细胞的存在或位置。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种诊断试剂盒,其包含根据本发明所述的抗体和用于测定抗体与抗原的结合的一种或多种试剂。
本发明的另一方面提供(通常分离的)核酸,其编码本发明公开的抗体VH可变结构域(SEQ ID NO:1)、抗体VH可变结构域(SEQ ID NO:2)、抗体VL可变结构域(SEQ ID NO:3)和/或抗体VL可变结构域(SEQ ID NO:4)。本发明公开了此类核酸的实例,如在说明书的第8至9页的序列标识符的说明中所述(参见上文)。例如,具有SEQ ID NO.11所示序列的核酸编码具有SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的抗体VH可变结构域;具有SEQ ID NO:12所示序列的核酸编码具有SEQ ID NO:2所示序列的抗体VH可变结构域;等等。
另一方面提供了一种经本发明的核酸转化的宿主细胞。
再一方面提供了一种生产抗体VH可变结构域的方法,该方法包括引起由编码核酸的表达。此类方法可包括在用于生产所述抗体VH可变结构域的条件下培养宿主细胞。
作为本发明的其它方面提供了生产VL可变结构域和包含VH和/或VL结构域的抗体的类似方法。
生产方法可包括分离和/或纯化产物的步骤。
生产方法可包括将产物配制成组合物,所述组合物包含至少一种另外的组分如药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的这些和其它方面在下面有更详细地描述。
具体实施方式
人源化10G5抗体的性质
对Axl的高亲和力
本发明所述的人源化10G5抗体以高亲和力结合至人Axl。如表3所示,人源化抗体H1L1具有的KD比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少30%。类似的,人源化抗体H2L1具有的KD比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少50%。
因此,本发明描述的人源化10G5抗体及其变体以高亲和力结合Axl;优选人Axl以高亲和力被结合。在一些实施方案中,抗体以比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少15%的KD结合至Axl(或人Axl),如比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ IDNO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、或至少50%的KD。在一些实施方案中,抗体以不大于10-6M的KD结合至Axl(或人Axl),如不大于5×10-7M、不大于10-7M、不大于5×10-8M、不大于10-8M、不大于5×10-9M、不大于10-9M、不大于6×10-10M、不大于5×10-10M、不大于1.1×10-10M、不大于10-10M、不大于5×10-11M、不大于10-11M、不大于5×10-12M、不大于6×10-12M、不大于10-12M、不大于5×10-13M、不大于10-13M、不大于5×10-14M、不大于10-14M、不大于5×10-15M、或不大于10-15M。
在一些实施方案中,抗体以10-8M至10-10M、10-10M至10-12M、10-12M至10-14M、或10-14M至10-16M的KD结合至Axl(或人Axl)。
KD可按照实施例19所述测定和计算。
高的杀死细胞活性
本发明所述的人源化10G5抗体具有高细胞活性,如其低EC50值所证实。如表4所示,人源化抗体H1L1具有的EC50比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少35%。类似的,人源化抗体H2L1具有的EC50比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少50%。
因此,本发明描述的人源化10G5抗体及其变体以高亲和力结合Axl;优选人Axl以高亲和力被结合。在一些实施方案中,抗体具有的EC50比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ IDNO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少15%,如比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体低至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、或至少50%。
EC50可按照实施例20所述测定和计算。
特异性结合
通常,术语‘特异性’和‘特异性结合’可用于指抗体不会对除其特异性结合伴侣之外的分子显示出任何显著结合的情形。例如,‘特异性结合’人Axl的抗体不会对鼠Axl显示出任何显著结合。
例如当抗体对许多抗原携带的特定表位有特异性时该术语也适用,在这种情况下‘特异性结合’表位的抗体将能够结合携带所识别表位的所有不同抗原。
通常,特异性可借助于结合测定法来测定,如采用一组抗原的ELISA。
本发明描述的10G5抗体以高特异性结合人Axl。即,10G5抗体‘特异性结合’人Axl。这在实施例中得以证明,其中显示:
(1)在实施例2中,10G5对源自hMer和hTyro3(人TAM受体酪氨酸激酶家族的其它成员)的重组抗原,未显示出显著结合。
(2)在实施例3中,10G5强烈结合人Axl,但对鼠Axl未显示出结合(这与鼠Axl配体,即鼠Gas 6不同,其强烈结合鼠和人Axl两者,以及(更弱地)结合人Tyro3);
(3)在实施例4中,10G5强列结合来自食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis)的Axl。
该特异性有利地允许在鼠异种移植体内模型中对人肿瘤细胞相对鼠宿主细胞的抗体作用分离。
因此,本发明描述的抗体优选特异性结合灵长类Axl。在一些实施方案中,本发明描述的抗体特异性结合人和猴(例如食蟹猴)的Axl。在一个实施方案中,该抗体仅特异性结合人Axl。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,本发明描述的抗体对人Tyro3和/或人Mer未显示出显著结合。在一些实施方案中,本发明描述的抗体对鼠Axl未显示出显著结合。在一些实施方案中,本发明描述的抗体对人Tyro3、人Mer或鼠Axl中的任一种未显示出显著结合。
技术人员可以使用,例如实施例2和3中描述的技术容易地确定抗体是否未对抗原显示出“显著结合”。在一些实施方案中,如果抗体以大于10-3M,例如大于10-2M,大于10-1M,或大于1M的KD结合抗原,则将其视为对特定抗原未显示出“显著结合”。可如实施例5所示测定和计算KD。
对Axl/Gas6结合的抑制
本发明所述的10G5抗体抑制Axl结合到其配体Gas6。
图5显示了实施例6中所述的竞争结合测定的结果。结果表明,用10G5饱和的固定化rhAxl不能与随后加入的10G5、rhGas6(已知的rhAxl配体)或rmGas6结合。这表明Axl分子与10G5和Gas6结合的区域彼此相近。相比之下,10G5的结合没有抑制MAB154抗Axl抗体的结合,表明10G5和MAB154结合至Axl分子的不同部分。
因此,在优选实施方案中,本发明所述的抗体抑制Axl与Gas6的结合(例如,rhAxl结合至rhGas6)。也就是说,优选本发明所述的抗体与人Gas6竞争结合至人类Axl。最优选地,对Axl/Gas6结合的抑制使得不能观察到被抗体饱和的Axl样品与Gas6的显著结合(例如,对于先前未暴露于抗体的Axl样品,观察到不超过1%的结合)。可以使用实施例6中所述的竞争性结合测定法来评估Gas6结合的抑制。
对Axl受体表达的抑制
本发明的抗体使Axl的表达显著减少。
图8显示了实施例9中描述的免疫印迹分析的结果,其中MBA-MD-231细胞与一系列抗体中的一种一起培养过夜,然后测试Axl的表达。结果表明,用10G5培养导致细胞中存在的Axl受体蛋白量显著降低,表明10G5抗体的结合下调了Axl受体的表达。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体下调Axl受体的表达。
在一些实施方案中,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将Axl受体表达降低至该水平的小于80%。在一些实施方案中,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将Axl受体表达降低至小于70%、小于60%、小于50%、小于40%、小于30%、小于20%或小于10%。可以使用实施例9中所述的测定法来评估Axl受体表达水平;用于在免疫印迹上精确量化条带的许多方法在本领域中是已知的–参见,例如,Taylor等,Mol Biotechnol.2013;55(3):217–226。
在一些实施方案中,Axl受体表达的下调迅速发生;例如,在一些实施方案中,在样品与抗体接触的12小时内,例如在样品与抗体接触后12小时内,6小时内,3小时内,或1小时内,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,观察到Axl受体的表达被降低至低于该水平的80%。
在一些实施方案中,抗体引起Axl受体表达的持续下调。例如,在一些实施方案中,在样品接触抗体至少6小时后,例如至少12小时、至少24小时、至少48小时或至少96小时后,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,与抗体接触的样品中的Axl受体的表达水平保持为该水平的50%以下。
不希望受理论束缚,相信所观察到的Axl表达的下调是由抗体/Axl受体复合物被细胞内化和降解而引起的。抗体的内化对于希望使抗体或与抗体连接的分子进入靶细胞的应用非常有利。例如,当靶标是癌细胞且抗体与细胞毒性药物连接时。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体增加了Axl受体内化的速率。
在一些实施方案中,相对于除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将Axl受体内化的速率增加至该水平的至少110%。在一些实施方案中,相对于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将Axl受体内化的速率增加至该水平的至少120%、至少130%、至少140%、至少150%、至少160%、至少170%、至少180%、至少190%、至少200%、至少500%、至少1000%。
可以使用本领域已知的受体内化测定法中的任一种来评估Axl受体内化的水平;例如,在Koenig等,Methods in Molecular Biology,第259卷,2004,pp 249-273中所述的方法。
Axl活化的抑制
通过Axl自体磷酸化水平评估,本发明的抗体导致Axl活化的显著降低。
实施例22显示在H2L1制剂或BGB324存在下用Gas6刺激的细胞的裂解物得到的pAXL读数(0.040、0.055、0.045)显著低于Gas6刺激的对照细胞(0.077);H2L1-Evitria和BGB324特别低,其读数与饥饿对照相当(0.44)。
相反,pAx1结果表明YW327.6S2var抗体强烈激活Axl自身磷酸化,单独的YW327.6S2var给出的pAx1读数为0.092-高于Gas6刺激的对照细胞(0.077)。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体在Gas6刺激后抑制Axl自磷酸化。在与抗体培养后由Gas6刺激产生的Axl自磷酸化水平可以不超过在Gas6刺激之前未与抗Axl抗体培养的对照水平的50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%或不超过90%。可以如实施例22中所述评估Axl自体磷酸化水平。
Axl受体信号传导的抑制
本发明的抗体(1)抑制Axl受体与天然配体如Gas6的结合、且(2)下调Axl受体的表达,与以上观察一致,本发明的抗体抑制在Axl受体下游的由配体诱导的信号传导。这在图9中证明,其中可见,10G5抗体的存在显著降低了在添加Axl配体Gas6时Akt的丝氨酸473被磷酸化的程度。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制Axl活性。所抑制的活性可以是组成型Axl活性。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制Axl下游的信号传导,例如在丝氨酸473处的Akt磷酸化。在一些实施方案中,相对于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,与本发明抗体接触的样品中的丝氨酸473处的Akt磷酸化小于该水平的80%。在一些实施方案中,相对于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,与本发明的抗体接触的样品中的丝氨酸473处的Akt磷酸化小于该水平的70%、小于60%、小于50%、小于40%、小于30%、小于20%或小于的10%。可以使用实施例10中所述的测定法评估丝氨酸473处的Akt磷酸化水平;用于在免疫印迹上准确量化条带的许多方法在本领域中是已知的-参见例如Taylor等,Mol Biotechnol.2013;55(3):217-226。
由于抑制了Axl受体的信号传导,本发明的抗体也预期影响了其中Axl受体信号传导发挥作用的一系列过程。
例如,已知Axl受体信号传导刺激Gas6依赖性细胞增殖并抑制细胞死亡,从而支持肿瘤生长。还已知Axl受体信号传导刺激上皮细胞间质转化(EMT),从而促进肿瘤转移。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体例如通过凋亡来促进细胞死亡。优选地,所述细胞是肿瘤细胞,例如循环肿瘤细胞或转移细胞。例如,在一些实施方案中,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将细胞死亡率提高至该水平的至少110%。在一些实施方案中,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,本发明的抗体将细胞死亡率提高至该水平的至少120%、至少130%、至少140%、至少150%、至少160%、至少170%、至少180%、至少190%、至少200%、至少500%、至少1000%。细胞死亡率通过例如BrdU掺入测定法、MTT、[3H]-胸腺嘧啶掺入(例如,TopCount测定法(PerkinElmer))、细胞活力测定法(例如,CellTiter-Glo(Promega))、DNA片段测定法、半胱天冬酶活化测定法、台盼蓝拒染法、染色质形态测定法等测量。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制Axl下游信号传导。在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制Gas6依赖性细胞增殖。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的炎性细胞因子表达。
纤维化疾病的抑制
与10G5在减少Axl活化、表达和受体信号传导中证明的性质一致,10G5也已被证明可降低纤维化疾病模型中炎性和纤维化标记物的表达。
对纤维化标记物的有利作用不是抗Axl抗体的一般特征,如实施例22中所证明的,其中将10G5与YW327.6S2进行比较,显示另一种抗Axl抗体抑制Gas6与Axl的结合。
在实施例22中,在Axl活化之前用10G5处理的细胞对所有四种测定标记物一致地表现出与未刺激的对照细胞相似的表达水平。相反,在用YW327.6S2var抗体预处理后,在Axl刺激后观察到所有四种测定标记物的表达水平升高。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体用于治疗纤维化疾病。在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制或降低纤维化标记物如α-SMA、Col1A1、MCP1和/或TGF-β的表达。在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体抑制或降低纤维化标记物α-SMA、Col1A1、MCP1和TGF-β的表达。
抑制肿瘤生长
与Axl和EMT途径在肿瘤生长中的作用一致,本发明的抗体降低了血液系统和非血液系统肿瘤的生长速度;这通过图14和15所示的通过实施例14和15所述的方法获得的数据所证明。
此外,在实施例22中,显示嵌合10G5在小鼠异种移植NSCLC模型中具有与YW327.6S2类似的功效,尽管YW327.6S2对人肿瘤和宿主鼠细胞都具有活性,而10G5仅对人肿瘤细胞有活性。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,本发明的抗体通过例如调节肿瘤基质功能而抑制肿瘤生长和/或转移。
在一些实施方案中,与对照肿瘤相比,本发明的抗体抑制肿瘤生长达至少10%。也就是说,经抗体处理的肿瘤的体积不超过对照肿瘤体积的90%。例如,在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体与对照肿瘤相比抑制肿瘤生长达至少20%,例如至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、或至少90%。
在一些实施方案中,如实施例14所述测定抗体对肿瘤生长的作用。在一些实施方案中,如实施例15所述测定抗体对肿瘤生长的作用。
定义
抗体
该术语描述天然的或部分或完全合成产生的免疫球蛋白。该术语还包括包含抗体抗原结合结构域的任何多肽或蛋白质。包含抗体抗原结合结构域的抗体片段包括全抗体(例如包含呈规范排列的VH、CH1、CH2、CH3、VL和CL结构域的IgG抗体)或全抗体的保持其对靶抗原的结合活性的片段。此类片段包括Fv(可变片段)、Fab(抗体结合片段)和F(ab’)2片段,以及单链Fv抗体(scFv)、dsFv、微型抗体、双抗体(diabodies)、单链双抗体、串联scFv、TandAb、双链抗体、三链抗体、κ(λ)抗体、BiTE、DVD-lg、SIP、SMIP或DART。此外,抗体及其片段可为人源化抗体,例如EP239400A中所述。例如:单克隆和多克隆抗体、重组抗体、抗体的蛋白水解和重组片段(Fab、Fv、scFv、双抗体)、单结构域抗体(VHH、sdAb、纳米抗体、IgNAR、VNAR)和与抗体无关、已经工程化为具有抗体样特异性结合的蛋白质(抗体模拟物),例如但不限于以下:
抗体可包含抗体重链恒定区和/或抗体轻链恒定区的全部或一部分。
可获得单克隆和其它抗体并且使用重组DNA技术生产保持原抗体特异性的工程化抗体或嵌合分子。此类技术可涉及将编码抗体的免疫球蛋白可变区或互补决定区(CDR)的DNA片段与编码不同免疫球蛋白的免疫球蛋白恒定区或恒定区加上框架区的基因连接。参见,例如,EP-A-184187、GB 2188638A或EP-A-239400。产生抗体的杂交瘤或其它细胞可经受基因突变或可能改变或可能不改变所产抗体的结合特异性的其它变化。
因为可按许多方式修饰抗体,所以术语“抗体分子”应被解释为包括具有带所需特异性的抗体来源的抗原结合结构域的任何多肽或其它分子。因此,这个术语包括抗体片段和衍生物,包括天然或完全或部分合成的包含免疫球蛋白结合结构域的任何多肽。因此包括了包含与另一多肽融合的免疫球蛋白结合结构域或等效物的嵌合分子。在EP-A-0120694和EP-A-0125023中描述了嵌合抗体的克隆和表达。
已经证实,全抗体的片段可执行结合抗原的功能。结合片段的实例为(i)由VL、VH、CL和CH1结构域组成的Fab片段;(ii)由VH和CH1结构域组成的Fd片段;(iii)由单抗体的VL和VH结构域组成的Fv片段;(iv)由VH结构域组成的dAb片段(Ward,E.S.等人,Nature 341,544-546(1989));(v)分离的CDR区;(vi)F(ab')2片段,即包含两个相连Fab片段的二价片段;(vii)单链Fv分子(scFv),其中VH结构域和VL结构域通过允许两个结构域缔合的肽接头连接以形成抗原结合位点(Bird等人,Science,242,423-426,1988;Huston等人,PNAS USA,85,5879-5883,1988);(viii)双特异性单链Fv二聚体(PCT/US92/09965)和(ix)“双抗体”,通过基因融合构建的多价或多特异性片段(WO94/13804;P.Holliger等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA90,6444-6448,1993)。Fv、scFv或双抗体分子可通过并入连接VH和VL结构域的二硫桥稳定(Y.Reiter等人,Nature Biotech,14,1239-1245,1996)。也可产生包含与CH3结构域连接的scFv的微型抗体(S.Hu等人,Cancer Res.,56,3055-3061,1996)。
抗体可为双特异性或多特异性。要使用双特异性抗体时,这些可为常规双特异性抗体,其可通过各种方式制造(Holliger,P.和Winter G.Current Opinion Biotechnol.4,446-449(1993)),例如化学制备或来自于杂交体杂交瘤,或可为以上提到的任何双特异性抗体片段。可以不用Fc区,仅使用可变结构域构建双抗体和scFv,这可减少副作用,例如由于抗体效应功能引起的副作用,或在使用鼠类来源的抗体的情况下减少人抗小鼠抗体(HAMA)反应。
与双特异性全抗体完全不同,双特异性双抗体也可特别有用,因为它们可容易地构建并且在细菌(例如大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli))中表达。可使用噬菌体展示(WO94/13804)从抗体库容易地选出具有适当结合特异性的双抗体(和许多其它多肽如抗体片段)。如果要保持双抗体的一条臂恒定,例如,具有针对Axl的特异性,则可产生其中另一条臂改变的文库并选择适当特异性的抗体。可通过“钮入孔洞”工程化来制备双特异性全抗体(J.B.B.Ridgeway等人,Protein Eng.,9,616-621,1996)。
样品
如本发明所用,“样品”可以是单细胞或细胞群体。细胞可以是正常的健康细胞,也可以是肿瘤细胞,例如循环肿瘤细胞。
样品可以是体内的、离体的或体外的。例如,样品可以是体内肿瘤块或体外细胞群。
抗原结合结构域
这描述了包含识别并特异性结合抗原的一部分或全部且与之互补的抗体分子部分。抗原较大时,抗体可仅结合抗原的特定部分,该部分称为表位。抗原结合结构域可由一个或多个抗体可变结构域(例如,由VH结构域组成的所谓的Fd抗体片段)提供。优选地,抗原结合结构域包含抗体轻链可变区(VL)和抗体重链可变区(VH)。
特异性蛋白
人Axl
如本发明中所用,‘人Axl’是指人TAM受体酪氨酸激酶家族的Axl成员。人类Axl发生在以下亚型中:
在一些实施方案中,人Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“A”。在一些实施方案中,人Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“B”。在优选实施方案中,人Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“C”。
鼠Axl
如本发明中所用,‘鼠Axl’是指鼠TAM受体酪氨酸激酶家族的Axl成员。鼠Axl发生在以下亚型中:
在一些实施方案中,鼠Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“A”。在一些实施方案中,鼠Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“B”。在优选实施方案中,鼠Axl多肽对应于上述亚型“C”。
人Tyro3
如本发明中所用,‘人Tyro3’是指人TAM受体酪氨酸激酶家族的Tyro3成员。在一些实施方案中,人Tyro3多肽对应于NCBI登录号NP_006284.2,GI:27597078,记录更新日期:2014年11月28日12:30AM(SEQ ID NO.23)。在一个实施方案中,编码人Tyro3多肽的核酸对应于NCBI登录号NM_006293.3,GI:295842183,记录更新时间:2014年11月28日12:30AM。
人Mer
如本发明中所用,‘人Mer’是指人TAM受体酪氨酸激酶家族的Mer成员。在一些实施方案中,人Mer多肽对应于NCBI登录号NP_006334.2,GI:66932918,记录更新时间:2014年9月6日04:03AM(SEQ ID NO.24)。在一个实施方案中,编码人Mer多肽的核酸对应于NCBI登录号NM_006343,版本号NM_006343.2GI:66932917,记录更新时间:2014年9月6日04:03AM。
人Akt3
如本发明中所用,‘人Akt3’是指丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的人AKT亚家族的Akt3成员。人Akt3发生在以下亚型中:
在一些实施方案中,人Akt多肽对应于上述亚型“A”。在一些实施方案中,人Akt多肽对应于上述亚型“B”。在一些实施方案中,人Akt多肽对应于上述亚型“C”。
人Gas6
如本发明中所使用,'人Gas6'(生长抑制特异性蛋白6)是指受体酪氨酸激酶的TAM家族的配体。在一些实施方案中,人Gas6多肽对应于NCBI登录号NP_000811.1,GI:4557617,记录更新时间:2014年9月6日02:44AM(SEQ ID NO.26)。在一个实施方案中,编码人Gas6多肽的核酸对应于NCBI登录号NM_000820.3,GI:673038877,记录更新时间:2014年9月6日02:44AM。
BSA
如本发明中所用,‘BSA’是指牛血清白蛋白。在一些实施方案中,BSA对应于‘A9647-牛血清白蛋白’。在一些实施方案中,BSA对应于Genbank登录号CAA76847,版本号CAA76847.1 GI:3336842,记录更新日期:2011年1月7日下午02:30。
包含
这通常是在“包括”的意义上使用,即允许存在一种或多种特征或组分。
分离的
这是指根据本发明,本发明的抗体或编码此类抗体的核酸通常所呈的状态。抗体和核酸将不含或基本上不含与之天然缔合的物质,如在其自然环境或其制备环境(例如细胞培养物)中(当此类制备是通过在体外或体内实践的重组DNA技术时)中与之一起发现的其它多肽或核酸。抗体和核酸可与稀释剂或佐剂一起配制并且实际上仍可为分离的-例如如果用于涂布用于免疫测定的微量滴定板时抗体通常会与明胶或其它载体混合,或在用于诊断或治疗时会与药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂混合。抗体可天然地或通过异源真核细胞(例如CHO或NS0(ECACC 85110503)细胞)系统而被糖基化,或它们可以(例如,如果通过在原核细胞中产生时)是非糖基化的。
基本上如所列
用‘基本上如所列’意指本发明的有关CDR或VH或VL结构域将与本发明列出的序列的指定区域相同或高度相似。通过“高度相似”,预计在CDR和/或VH或VL结构域中可产生1至5个,优选1至4个如1至3个或1个或2个或3个或4个氨基酸取代。
本发明的抗体还可包含抗体恒定区或其部分。例如,本发明的抗体可包含CL、CH1、CH2和/或CH3结构域(或其任何组合)。VL结构域可于其C端附接于包括人Cκ或Cλ链、优选Cκ链的抗体轻链恒定结构域。类似地,基于VH结构的抗体可于其C端附接于源自任何抗体亚型,例如IgG、IgA、IgE和IgM及任何亚型亚类的整个免疫球蛋白重链或其一部分。可以采用Fc区如WO99/58572中公开的△nab和△nac。
嵌合、人源化和CDR移植抗体
如本发明中所用,“嵌合”抗体或“人源化”抗体或“CDR移植”抗体包括本发明所述抗Axl抗体或源自其中的任何CDR与源自非鼠类的一种或多种蛋白质或肽、优选人抗体的任何组合。
嵌合或人源化抗体包括其中CDR源自一种或多种本发明所述的抗Axl抗体并且抗体的至少一部分或剩余部分源自一种或多种人抗体的那些抗体。因此,抗体的人部分可包括在人中基本上无免疫原性的框架、CL(例如Cκ或Cλ)、CH结构域(例如CH1、CH2、CH3)、铰链区。
源自人抗体的抗体区域不需要与人抗体具有100%的同一性。在优选实施方案中,为了可以忽略免疫原性而保留尽可能少的小鼠氨基酸残基,但必要时可以保留小鼠残基以支撑由CDR形成的抗原结合位点,而同时使抗体的人源化增加到最大限度。相对于非修饰抗体,此类变化或变型任选且优选地保持或降低在人或其它物种中的免疫原性。
应该注意的是,人源化抗体可由能够表达功能性重排的人免疫球蛋白(例如,重链和/或轻链)基因的非人动物或原核或真核细胞产生。进一步地,当抗体为单链抗体时,其可以包含在天然人抗体中未发现的接头肽。例如,scFv可以包含接头肽,例如二至约二十个甘氨酸或其它氨基酸残基(优选甘氨酸和丝氨酸残基(例如,Gly4Ser或Gly2Ser重复序列)),其连接重链的可变区和轻链的可变区。此类接头肽被认为在人中是无免疫原性的。在一些实施方案中接头长度为至少12个氨基酸。
可以通过,例如合成包含与许多单独人框架的池内融合的非人靶单克隆抗体的全部六个CDR的组合文库来进行抗体人源化。可以利用含有代表所有已知重链和轻链人种系序列的基因的人框架文库。然后可以筛选所得组合文库以与目标抗原结合。这种方法可允许选择在维持与亲本抗体的结合活性方面最有利的全人框架组合。然后可以通过各种技术进一步优化人源化抗体。
对于全长抗体分子而言,可以从杂交瘤细胞系的基因组DNA或mRNA获得免疫球蛋白基因。在哺乳动物载体系统中克隆抗体重链和轻链。通过使用本领域已知的方法测序来确认组装。抗体构建体可以在其它人或哺乳动物宿主细胞系中表达。然后可通过瞬时转染测定法和目标表达抗体的蛋白质印迹分析来验证所述构建体。可以使用快速测定法分离和筛选具有最高生产率的稳定细胞系。
编码人源化抗体、片段和区域的恒定区(C)的人基因可通过已知方法源自人胎肝脏文库。人C区基因可源自任何人细胞,包括表达和产生人免疫球蛋白的细胞。人CH区可源自任何已知类别或亚型的人重链,包括其γ、μ、α、δ、ε及其亚类,如G1、G2、G3和G4。因为重链亚型负责抗体的各种效应功能,所以CH结构域的选择将由所需效应功能来指导,如补体固定或抗体依赖的细胞毒性(ADCC)中的活性。优选地,CH结构域源自γ1(IgG1)。
人CL区可源自任一人L链亚型,κ或λ,优选κ。
编码人免疫球蛋白C区的基因是通过标准克隆技术从人细胞获得的(Sambrook等人,Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual,第2版,Cold Spring Harbor Press,ColdSpring Harbor,N.Y.(1989)以及Ausubel等人编辑,Current Protocols in MolecularBiology(1987-1993))。人C区基因可容易地从含有代表两类轻链、五类重链及其亚类的基因的已知克隆物获得。
嵌合抗体片段,如Fab和F(ab’)2,可通过设计被适当截短的嵌合重链基因来制备。例如,编码F(ab’)2片段的重链部分的嵌合基因将包括编码重链的CH1结构域和铰链区的DNA序列,其后是翻译终止密码子,以得到截短分子。
可以使用工程化或人源化非人或人抗体的方法并且其是本领域中公知的。通常,人源化或工程化抗体具有来自于非人来源的一个或多个氨基酸残基,所述来源例如但不限于小鼠、大鼠、兔、非人灵长类或其它哺乳动物。这些人氨基酸残基常常被称为“导入”残基,其通常取自已知人序列的“导入”可变、恒定结构域或其它结构域。公开了已知的人Ig序列,例如www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi;www.atcc.org/phage/hdb.html;
www.sciquest.com/;www.abcam.com/;www.antibodyresource.com/onlinecomp.html;www.public.iastate.edu/.about.pedro/research_tools.html;www.mgen.uni-heidelberg.de/SD/IT/IT.html;
www.whfreeman.com/immunology/CH05/kuby05.htm;
www.library.thinkquest.org/12429/lmmune/Antibody.html;
www.hhmi.org/grants/lectures/1996/vlab/;
www.path.cam.ac.uk/.about.mrc7/mikeimages.html;www.antibodyresource.com/;mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks/lmmunology.html.www.immunologylink.com/;pathbox.wustl.edu/.about.hcenter/index.html;www.biotech.ufl.edu/.about.hcl/;www.pebio.com/pa/340913/340913.html;www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/antibody/;www.m.ehime-u.ac.jp/.about.yasuhito/Elisa.html;www.biodesign.com/table.asp;www.icnet.uk/axp/facs/davies/links.html;www.biotech.ufi.edu/.about.fccl/protocol.html;www.isac-net.org/sites_geo.html;aximt1.imt.uni-marburg.de/.about.rek/AEPStart.html;
baserv.uci.kun.nI/.about.jraats/links1.html;www.recab.uni-hd.de/immuno.bme.nwvu.edu/;
www.mrc-cpe.cam.ac.uk/imt-doc/public/INTRO.html;
www.ibt.unam.mx/vir/V_mice.html;imgt.cnusc.fr:8104/;www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/.about.martin/abs/index.html;antibody.bath.ac.uk/;abgen.cvm.tamu.edu/lab/wwwabgen.html;
www.unizh.ch/.about.honegger/AHOseminar/Slide01.html;www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/.about.ubcg07s/;
www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/CC/ccaewg/ccaewg.htm;
www.path.cam.ac.uk/.about.mrc7/humanisation/TAHHP.html;
www.ibt.unam.mx/vir/structure/stat__aim.html;www.biosci.missouri.edu/smithgp/index.html;www.cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk/.about.fmolina/Web-pages/Pept/spottech.html;www.jerini.de/fr__products.htm;www.patents.ibm.con/ibm.html。Kabat等人Sequences of Proteins ofImmunological Interest,U.S.Dept.Health(1983),其各自通过引用整体并入本发明。
如本领域已知,此类导入序列可用于降低免疫原性或降低、增强或改变结合、亲和力、结合速率、解离速率、亲合力、特异性、半衰期或任何其它合适特征。通常,在可变区和恒定区的非人序列经人的或其它氨基酸置换时,保持了部分或全部非人或人的CDR序列。
抗体也可以任选地被人源化,保持对抗原的高亲和力和其它有利的生物学性质。为了实现这个目标,任选地可以通过使用亲本和人源化序列的三维模型分析亲本序列和各种概念人源化产物的过程来制备人源化抗体。三维免疫球蛋白模型通常可用并且为本领域的技术人员所熟悉。说明并展示选定的候选免疫球蛋白序列的可能三维构象结构的计算机程序是可用的。对这些展示的检查容许分析残基在候选免疫球蛋白序列的功能上的作用,即分析影响候选免疫球蛋白结合其抗原的能力的残基。这样,可以选择FR残基并且由共有和导入序列组合,以便实现所需抗体特征,如对靶抗原增加的亲和力。
一般而言,CDR残基直接且最显著地涉及影响抗原结合。人源化或工程化抗体可以使用任何已知方法进行,例如但不限于以下所述的那些方法:Winter等人,Nature 321:522(1986);Riechmann等人,Nature 332:323(1988);Verhoeyen等人,Science 239:1534(1988)),Sims等人,J.Immunol.151:2296(1993);Chothia和Lesk,J.Mol.Biol.196:901(1987),Carter等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.89:4285(1992);Presta等人,J.Immunol.151:2623(1993),美国专利第5,723,323、5,976,862、5,824,514、5,817,483、5,814,476、5,763,192、5,723,323、5,766,886、5,714,352、6,204,023、6,180,370、5,693,762、5,530,101、5,585,089、5,225,539号;4,816,567、PCT/:US98/16280、US96/18978、US91/09630、US91/05939、US94/01234、GB89/01334、GB91/01134、GB92/01755;WO90/14443、WO90/14424、WO90/14430、EP 229246。
人源化抗体的人恒定区可以是任何类别或亚型(IgG、IgA、IgM、IgE、IgD等)并且可包含κ或λ轻链。在一个实施方案中,人恒定区包含IgG重链或限定片段,例如IgG亚类中的至少一种,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4。
标记的抗体
本发明的抗体可标记有可检测或功能标记。可检测标记包括放射性标记如[131I]或[99Tc],可以使用放射性免疫缀合物领域中已知的常规化学方法使标记物附接于本发明的抗体。标记还包括酶标记如辣根过氧化酶。标记还包括化学部分,如生物素,其可经由与特定的同源可检测部分,例如标记的亲和素(avidin)或链霉亲和素(streptavidin)的结合来检测。优选地,标记还包括荧光标记如FITC。
有机部分
经修饰的抗体和抗原结合片段可包含一个或多个有机部分,该有机部分直接或间接地与抗体共价键合。与本发明所述的抗体或抗原结合片段键合的每个有机部分可独立地为亲水性聚合物基团、脂肪酸基团或脂肪酸酯基团。如本发明中所用,术语“脂肪酸”涵盖一元羧酸和二元羧酸。“亲水性聚合物基团”,如同该术语在本发明中使用一样,是指在水中比在辛烷更易溶的有机聚合物。例如,聚赖氨酸在水中比在辛烷更易溶。因此,通过聚赖氨酸共价附接而修饰的抗体为本发明所涵盖。适于修饰本发明所述的抗体的亲水性聚合物可为直链或支链并且包括,例如聚烷烃二醇(例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)、PPG等)、碳水化合物(例如,葡聚糖、纤维素、寡糖、多糖等)、亲水性氨基酸的聚合物(例如,聚赖氨酸、聚精氨酸、聚天冬氨酸等)、聚氧化烷烃(例如,聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯等)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。优选地,修饰本发明所述的抗体的亲水性聚合物具有作为单独分子实体的约800至约150,000道尔顿的分子量。例如,可以使用PEG5000和PEG20,000,其中下标是按道尔顿计的聚合物的平均分子量。亲水性聚合物基团可经一至约六个烷基、脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯基团取代。经脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯基团取代的亲水性聚合物可采用合适的方法制备。例如,包含胺基的聚合物可偶联至脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的羧酸酯,并且脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯上的活化的羧酸酯(例如,经N,N-羰二咪唑活化)可偶联至聚合物上的羟基。
适于修饰本发明所述的抗体的脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯可以是饱和的或者可以含有一个或多个不饱和单元。适于修饰本发明所述的抗体的脂肪酸包括,例如正十二烷酸(C12,月桂酸)、正十四烷酸(C14,肉豆蔻酸)、正十八烷酸(C18,硬脂酸)、正二十烷酸(C20,花生酸)、正二十二烷酸(C22,山嵛酸)、正三十烷酸(C30)、正四十烷酸(C40)、顺式-δ9-十八烷酸(C18,油酸)、所有顺式-δ5,8,11,14-二十烷酸(C20,花生四烯酸)、辛二酸、十四烷二酸、十八烷二酸、二十二烷二酸等。合适的脂肪酸酯包括含直链或支链低级烷基的二羧酸单酯。低级烷基可包含一至约十二个,优选一至约六个碳原子。
经修饰的人抗体和抗原结合片段可使用合适的方法制备,例如通过与一种或多种修饰剂反应。“修饰剂”,如同该术语在本发明中使用一样,是指包含活化基团的合适有机基团(例如,亲水性聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酯)。“活化基团”是在适当条件下,可与第二化学基团反应,从而在修饰剂和第二化学基团之间形成共价键的化学部分或官能团。例如,胺反应性活化基团包括亲电子基团如甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、卤素(氯、溴、氟、碘)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(NHS)等。可以与硫醇反应的活化基团包括,例如马来酰亚胺、碘乙酰基、丙烯酰基、吡啶基二硫化物、5-硫醇-2-硝基苯甲酸硫醇(TNB-硫醇)等。醛官能团可偶联至含胺或酰肼的分子,并且叠氮基可与三价磷基反应形成氨基磷酸酯或磷酰亚胺连接。向分子中引入活化基团的合适方法是本领域中已知的(参见例如,Hernanson,G.T.,BioconjugateTechniques,Academic Press:San Diego,Calif.(1996))。活化基团可直接键合到有机基团(例如,亲水性聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯),或通过接头部分,例如二价C1-C12基团键合,其中一个或多个碳原子可以被杂原子如氧、氮或硫置换。合适的接头部分包括,例如四-乙二醇、--(CH2)3--、--NH-(CH2)6-NH--、--(CH2)2-NH--和--CH2--O--CH2--CH2--O--CH2--CH2--O--CH--NH--。可以生成包含接头部分的修饰剂,例如通过使单-Boc-烷基二胺(例如,单-Boc-乙二胺、单-Boc-二氨基己烷)与脂肪酸在1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)的存在下反应以在游离胺和脂肪酸羧酸酯之间形成酰胺键。可通过用三氟乙酸(TFA)处理从产物上去除Boc保护基团以暴露伯胺,其可以偶联至所述另一羧酸酯,或可与马来酸酐反应并且所得产物环化生成脂肪酸的活化马来酰亚胺衍生物。(参见,例如,Thompson等人,WO92/16221)。
可通过使人抗体或抗原结合片段与修饰剂反应而产生经修饰的抗体。例如,可采用胺反应性修饰剂,例如PEG的NHS酯,以非位点特异性方式使有机部分键合至所述抗体。也可通过还原抗体或抗原结合片段的二硫键(例如,链内二硫键)来制备经修饰的人抗体或抗原结合片段。然后还原的抗体或抗原结合片段可与硫醇反应性修饰剂反应以产生本发明所述的经修饰抗体。可使用合适的方法,如反向蛋白水解(Fisch等人,Bioconjugate Chem.,3:147-153(1992);Werlen等人,Bioconjugate Chem.,5:411-417(1994);Kumaran等人,Protein Sci.6(10):2233-2241(1997);Itoh等人,Bioorg.Chem.,24(1):59-68(1996);Capellas等人,Biotechnol.Bioeng.,56(4):456-463(1997)),和Hermanson,G.T.,Bioconjugate Techniques,Academic Press:San Diego,Calif.(1996)中描述的方法,制备包含与本发明所述抗体的特异性位点键合的有机部分的经修饰的人抗体和抗原结合片段。
免疫缀合物
本发明还提供了免疫缀合物,其包含本发明的与一种或多种细胞毒性剂(如化疗剂或药物)、生长抑制剂、毒素(例如,细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的蛋白质毒素、酶活性毒素或其片段)或放射性同位素缀合的抗Axl抗体。
在一个实施方案中,免疫缀合物为抗体-药物缀合物(ADC),其中抗体与一种或多种药物缀合,所述药物包括但不限于类美坦素(maytansinoid)(参见美国专利第5,208,020、5,416,064号和欧洲专利EP 0 425 235 B1);奥瑞他汀(auristatin),如一甲基奥瑞他汀药物部分DE和DF(MMAE和MMAF)(参见美国专利第5,635,483和5,780,588及7,498,298号);尾海兔素(dolastatin);卡奇霉素(calicheamicin)或其衍生物(参见美国专利第5,712,374、5,714,586、5,739,116、5,767,285、5,770,701、5,770,710、5,773,001和5,877,296号;Hinman等人,Cancer Res.53:3336-3342(1993);及Lode等人,Cancer Res.58:2925-2928(1998));蒽环霉素如柔红霉素(daunomycin)或阿霉素(doxorubicin)(参见Kratz等人,Current Med.Chern.13:477-523(2006);Jeffrey等人,Bioorganic&Med.Chern.Letters 16:358-362(2006);Torgov等人,Bioconj.Chern.16:717-721(2005);Nagy等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97:829-834(2000);Dubowchik等人,Bioorg.&Med.Chern.Letters12:1529-1532(2002);King等人,J.Med.Chern.45:4336-4343(2002);及美国专利第6,630,579号);甲氨蝶呤;长春地辛;紫杉烷如多西他赛(docetaxel)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、拉洛他赛(larotaxel)、替司他赛(tesetaxel)和奥他赛(ortataxel);单端孢霉烯(trichothecene);及CC1065。
在另一个实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含与酶活性毒素或其片段缀合的如本发明所述的抗体,所述毒素或其片段包括但不限于白喉毒素A链、白喉毒素的非结合活性片段、外毒素A链(来自于铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa))、蓖麻毒素(ricin)A链、相思豆毒素(abrin)A链、蒴莲根毒素(modeccin)A链、α-八叠球菌素、油桐(Aleurites fordii)蛋白、石竹素(dianthin)蛋白、美洲商陆蛋白(Phytolacca americana proteins)(P API、PAPII和PAP-S)、苦瓜(momordica charantia)抑制剂、麻疯树毒素(curcin)、巴豆毒素(crotin)、肥皂草(sapaonaria officinalis)抑制剂、白树毒素(gelonin)、丝林霉素(mitogellin)、局限曲菌素(restrictocin)、酚霉素(phenomycin)、伊诺霉素(enomycin)和单端孢霉烯。
在另一个实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含与放射性原子缀合形成放射性免疫缀合物的如本发明所述的抗体。各种放射性同位素可用于生产放射性免疫缀合物。实例包括[211At]、[131I]、[125I]、[90Y]、[186Re]、[188Re]、[153Sm]、[212Bi]、[32P]、[212Pb]和Lu的放射性同位素。当放射性免疫缀合物用于检测时,其可包含用于闪烁法研究的放射性原子,例如[99Tc]或[123I],或用于核磁共振(NMR)成像(也称为磁共振成像,MRI)的自旋标记,如同样是碘-123、碘-131、铟-111、氟-19、碳-13、氮-15、氧-17、钆、锰或铁。
抗体和细胞毒性剂的缀合物可使用各种双功能蛋白偶联剂制成,如N-琥珀酰亚胺-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)丙酸酯(SPDP)、4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)、亚氨基硫杂环戊烷(IT)、亚氨酸酯的双官能衍生物(如己二亚氨二甲酯HCl)、活化酯类(如双琥珀酰亚胺辛二酸酯)、醛类(如戊二醛)、双叠氮化合物(如双(对-叠氮苯甲酰基)己二胺)、双重氮(bis-diazonium)衍生物(如双(对-重氮苯甲酰基)-乙二胺)、二异氰酸酯(如甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯)及双活性氟化合物(如1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯)。例如,可如Vitetta等,Science 238:1098(1987)所述制备蓖麻毒素免疫毒素。碳-14-标记的3-甲基二亚乙基三胺戊乙酸1-异硫氰酸苄酯(MXDTPA)是使放射性核苷酸与抗体缀合的示例性螯合剂。参见WO94/11026。所述接头可为利于细胞毒性药物在细胞中释放的“可裂解接头”。例如,可以使用酸不稳定性接头、肽酶敏感性接头、光不稳定性接头、二甲基接头或含二硫化物的接头(Chari等人,Cancer Res.52:127-131(1992);美国专利第5,208,020号)。
本发明的免疫缀合物或ADC明确地包括但不限于此类用交联试剂制备的缀合物,交联试剂包括但不限于BMPS、EMCS、GMBS、HBVS、LC-SMCC、MBS、MPBH、SBAP、SIA、SIAB、SMCC、SMPB、SMPH、磺基-EMCS、磺基-GMBS、磺基-KMUS、磺基-MBS、磺基-SIAB、磺基-SMCC及磺基-SMPB和SVSB(琥珀酰亚胺-(4-乙烯基砜)苯甲酸酯),其可商购获得(例如,来自于PierceBiotechnology,Inc.,Rockford,IL.,U.S.A)。
糖基化变体
在一些实施方案中,改变本发明提供的抗体以提高或降低抗体糖基化的程度。抗体糖基化位点的添加或缺失可通过改变氨基酸序列,以便产生或去除一个或多个糖基化位点而便利地实现。
抗体包含Fc区时,可改变与之附接的碳水化合物。哺乳动物细胞产生的天然抗体通常包含支链、双触角型寡糖,该寡糖通常通过N-连键附接于Fc区CH2结构域的Asn297。参见,例如,Wright等人TIBTECH 15:26-32(1997)。寡糖可包括各种碳水化合物,例如甘露糖、N-乙酰氨基葡糖(GlcNAc)、半乳糖和唾液酸,以及在双触角型寡糖结构的“茎部”中附接于GlcNAc的岩藻糖。在一些实施方案中,可进行本发明抗体中寡糖的修饰以便产生具有一些改良性质的抗体变体。
在一个实施方案中,提供了具有缺乏附接于(直接或间接)Fc区的岩藻糖的碳水化合物结构的抗体变体。例如,此类抗体中岩藻糖的量可为1%至80%、1%至65%、5%至65%或20%至40%。例如WO 2008/077546中所述,如通过MALDI-TOF质谱法所测量的,通过计算相对于附接于Asn297的所有糖基结构(例如,复合、杂交和高甘露糖结构)的总和,糖链内Asn297处岩藻糖的平均量,而测定岩藻糖的量。Asn297是指位于Fc区大约297位的天冬酰胺残基(Fc区残基的Eu编号);然而,由于抗体中的较小序列变化,Asn297也可位于297位上游或下游大约±3个氨基酸处,即介294位和300位之间。此类岩藻糖基化变体可具有改良的ADCC功能。参见,例如,美国专利公开第US 2003/0157108(Presta,L.)、US 2004/0093621号(Kyowa Haklw Kogyo Co.,Ltd)。关于“脱岩藻糖基化”或“缺乏岩藻糖的”抗体变体的公开的实例包括:US2003/01571;WO2000/61739;WO2001/29246;US2003/0115614;US2002/0164328;US2004/0093621;US2004/0132140;US2004/0110704;US2004/0110282;US2004/0109865;WO2003/085119;WO2003/084570;WO2005/035586;WO2005/035778;WO2005/053742;WO2002/031140;Okazaki等人J.Mol.Biol.336:1239-1249(2004);Yamane-Ohnuki等人Biotech.Bioeng.87:614(2004)。
能够产生脱岩藻糖基化抗体的细胞系的实例包括蛋白质岩藻糖基化不足的Lecl3CHO细胞(Ripka等人Arch.Biochem.Biophys.249:533-545(1986);美国专利申请公开第US2003/0157108 A1号,Presta,L;和WO 2004/056312A1,Adams等人,尤其是实施例11),及敲除细胞系,如敲除α-1,6-岩藻糖基转移酶基因FUT8的CHO细胞(参见,例如,Yamane-Ohnuki等人Biotech.Bioeng.87:614(2004);Kanda,Y.等人Biotechnol.Bioeng.,94(4):680-688(2006);和W02003/085107)。
还提供了具有二等分寡糖的抗体变体,例如,其中附接于抗体Fc区的双触角型寡糖被GlcNAc二等分。此类抗体变体可具有降低的岩藻糖基化和/或改良的ADCC功能。例如,在WO 2003/011878(Jean-Mairet等人);美国专利第6,602,684号(Umana等人);和US2005/0123546(Umana等人)中描述了此类抗体变体的实例。还提供了在附接于Fe区的寡糖中具有至少一个半乳糖残基的抗体变体。此类抗体变体可具有改良的CDC功能。例如,在WO 1997/30087(Patel等人);WO 1998/58964(Raju,S.);和WO 1999/22764(Raju,S.)中描述了此类抗体变体。
Fc区变体
在一些实施方案中,可向本发明提供的抗体Fc区中引入一个或多个氨基酸修饰,从而产生Fc区变体。Fc区变体可包含人Fc区序列(例如,人IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4 Fc区),其包含在一个或多个氨基酸位置的氨基酸修饰(例如取代)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明考虑到了具有一些但非所有效应功能的抗体变体,这使其成为应用的可取候选物,在所述应用中抗体的体内半衰期很重要,而一些效应功能(如补体固定和ADCC)是不必要或有害的。可进行体外和/或体内细胞毒性测定以确认CDC和/或ADCC活性的降低/损耗。例如,可进行Fc受体(FcR)结合测定以确保抗体缺乏Fcγ结合(因此可能缺乏ADCC活性),但保持FcRn结合能力。介导ADCC的原代细胞,即NK细胞,仅表达FcγRIII,而单核细胞表达FcγRI、FcγRII和FcγRIII。Ravetch和Kinet,Annu.Rev.Immunol.9:457-492(1991)第464页的表3中总结了造血细胞上的FcR表达。在美国专利第5,500,362号(参见,例如Hellstrom,I.等人Proc.Nat'I Acad.Sci.USA83:7059-7063(1986))和Hellstrom,I等人Proc.Nat'I Acad.Sci.USA82:1499-1502(1985);5,821,337号(参见Bruggemann,M.等人J.Exp.Med.166:1351-1361(1987))中描述了评估目标分子的ADCC活性的体外测定法的非限制性实例。可选地,可采用非放射性测定法(参见,例如,ACTITMnon-radioactive cytotoxicity assay for flow cytometry(CellTechnology,Inc.Mountain View,CA;和CytoToxnon-radioactive cytotoxicity assay(Promega,Madison,WI)。用于此类测定法的有用效应细胞包括外周血单核细胞(PBMC)和自然杀伤(NK)细胞。可选地,或另外,可在体内,例如在动物模型中如Clynes等人Proc.Nat'IAcad.Sci.USA95:652-656(1998)公开的动物模型中评估目标分子的ADCC活性。也可进行C1q结合测定以确认抗体不能结合C1q并且因此缺乏补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)活性。参见,例如,WO2006/029879和WO2005/100402中的C1q和C3c结合ELISA。为评估补体活化,可进行CDC测定(参见,例如,Gazzano-Santoro等人,J.Immunol.Methods 202:163(1996);Cragg,M.S.等人,Blood 101:1045-1052(2003);及Cragg,M.S.和M.J.Glennie,Blood 103:2738-2743(2004))。也可使用本领域已知的方法进行FcRn结合和体内清除率/半衰期Fc测定(参见,例如,Petkova,S.B.等人,Int’I.Immunol.18(12):1759-1769(2006))。
效应功能降低的抗体包括Fc区残基238、265、269、270、297、327和329中的一个或多个被取代的抗体(美国专利第6,737,056号)。此类Fc突变体包括在氨基酸位置265、269、270、297和327中的两处或多处具有取代的Fc突变体,包括残基265和297取代为丙氨酸的所谓的“DANA”Fc突变体(美国专利第7,332,581号)。
描述了与FcR的结合提高或削弱的一些抗体变体(参见,例如,美国专利第6,737,056号;WO 2004/056312,和Shields等人,J.Biol.Chem.9(2):6591-6604(2001))。
在一些实施方案中,抗体变体包含具有一个或多个提高ADCC活性的氨基酸取代的Fc区,例如,Fc区的298和/或333位(残基的EU编号)的取代。
在一些实施方案中,在Fc区中产生改变,其导致C1q结合和/或CDC活性改变(即,提高或削弱),例如,如美国专利第6,194,551号、WO 99/51642和Idusogie等人J.Immunol.164:4178-4184(2000)中所述。
在US2005/0014934A1(Hinton等人)中描述了半衰期增加且与新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)的结合提高的抗体,新生儿Fc受体负责将母体IgG转移给胎儿(Guyer等人,J.Immunol.117:587(1976)和Kim等人,J.Immunol.24:249(1994))。那些抗体包含在其中具有一个或多个取代的Fc区,所述取代提高Fc区与FcRn的结合。此类Fc变体包括在一个或多个Fc区残基处具有取代的那些:238、256、265、272、286、303、305、307、311、312、317、340、356、360、362、376、378、380、382、413、424或434,例如Fc区残基434的取代(美国专利第7,371,826号)。还参见Duncan和Winter,Nature 322:738-40(1988);美国专利第5,648,260号;美国专利第5,624,821号;及涉及Fc区变体的其它实例的WO 94/29351。
半胱氨酸工程化抗体变体
在一些实施方案中,可需要产生半胱氨酸工程化抗体,例如“thioMAb”,其中抗体的一个或多个残基经半胱氨酸残基取代。
在特定实施方案中,在抗体的可及位点存在取代的残基。通过用半胱氨酸取代那些残基,从而使反应性硫醇基团位于抗体的可及位点并且可用于使抗体缀合至其它部分,如药物部分或接头-药物部分,以产生如本发明进一步描述的免疫缀合物。在一些实施方案中,下列残基中的任一个或多个可被半胱氨酸取代:轻链的V205(Kabat编号);重链的A118(EU编号);和重链Fc区的S400(EU编号)。例如,可如美国专利第7,521,541号中所述产生半胱氨酸工程化抗体。
诊断和治疗方法
本发明的抗体设计为用于人或动物受试者,优选人中的诊断或治疗方法中。
因此,本发明的其它方面提供了诊断方法,其包括与一种或多种试剂一起,施用例如缀合至可检测标记如FITC的抗体。所提供的抗体可用于开发对源自活检组织的癌细胞的迅速可靠测试。例如,所述抗体可用作对转移性癌细胞,如循环肿瘤细胞的测试,可发现所述循环肿瘤细胞在体液如血液或淋巴中循环。其它目标癌症包括乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、头颈癌、结直肠癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、子宫癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、子宫内膜癌和前列腺癌以及淋巴瘤(例如,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,NHL)和白血病(特别是急性髓性白血病,AML)。
本发明的其它方面提供了治疗方法,其包括施用所提供的抗体、包含此类抗体的药物组合物、如本发明所述用于治疗方法中的抗体、如本发明所述用于治疗本发明所述特定临床适应症的方法中的抗体,及此类抗体用于制造供施用的药剂的用途,例如在用于制备药剂或药物组合物的方法中,所述制备方法包括用药学上可接受的赋形剂配制抗体。
临床适应症
可以通过对人Axl具有高特异性的抗体来提供治疗益处的临床适应症包括其中Axl过表达、或其中Axl拮抗作用将提供临床益处的任何病症。这些包括免疫失调、心血管病症、血栓形成、糖尿病、免疫检查点病症、纤维化疾病(纤维化)或增殖性疾病如癌症特别是转移性癌症。此外,已知Axl会在许多上皮源癌症中起作用。
目标纤维化疾病包括:斜视、硬皮症、瘢痕疙瘩、肾源性系统性纤维化、肺纤维化、特发性肺纤维化(IPF)、囊性纤维化(CF)、全身性硬化症、心脏纤维化、非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)、其它类型的肝纤维化、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、肾纤维化、癌症和动脉粥样硬化。在这些疾病中,组织中纤维化的慢性发展导致受影响器官的结构发生显著变化,并随后引起器官功能缺陷。由于这种对器官的持续损耗过程,涉及纤维化的许多疾病通常是进行性疾病,并且具有差的长期预后(参见Rockey,D.C.,Bell,P.D.和Hill,J.A.(2015),N.Engl.Med.,Vol.372,pp.1138-1149)。
目标免疫检查点病症包括:慢性病毒感染、黑素瘤、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、前列腺癌、肾细胞癌、胰腺癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、骨髓瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、脑部肿瘤和淋巴瘤。
目标癌症包括:白血病,例如但不限于急性白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性髓细胞性白血病(如成髓细胞性、早幼粒细胞性、髓单核细胞性、单核细胞性、红白血病和骨髓发育异常综合征),慢性白血病,例如但不限于慢性髓细胞性(粒细胞性)白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、毛细胞白血病;真性红细胞增多;淋巴瘤,例如但不限于霍奇金病、非霍奇金病;多发性骨髓瘤,例如但不限于郁积型多发性骨髓瘤、非分泌性骨髓瘤、骨硬化性骨髓瘤、浆细胞白血病、孤立性浆细胞瘤和髓外浆细胞瘤;华氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom'smacroglobulinemia);未明的单克隆丙球蛋白病;良性单克隆丙种球蛋白病;重链病;骨骼和结缔组织肉瘤,例如但不限于骨骼肉瘤、骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、尤因肉瘤(Ewing'ssarcoma)、恶性巨细胞瘤、骨纤维肉瘤、脊索瘤、骨膜肉瘤、软组织肉瘤、血管肉瘤(血管内皮瘤)、纤维肉瘤、卡波西肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、平滑肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、转移性癌症、神经鞘瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤;脑部肿瘤,例如但不限于胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、星形细胞瘤、脑干胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、少突神经胶质瘤、非胶质瘤、听神经瘤、颅咽管瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、松果体细胞瘤、成松果体细胞瘤、原发性脑淋巴瘤;乳腺癌,包括但不限于腺癌、小叶(小细胞)癌、管内癌、髓样乳腺癌、粘液性乳腺癌、乳腺小管癌、乳头状乳腺癌、原发癌、佩吉特病(Paget's disease)和炎症性乳腺癌;肾上腺癌,例如但不限于嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺皮质癌;甲状腺癌例如但不限于乳头状或滤泡性甲状腺癌、甲状腺髓样癌、甲状腺髓样癌和未分化甲状腺癌;GIST–胃肠道间质瘤;胰腺癌,例如但不限于胰岛瘤、胃泌素瘤、高血糖素瘤、舒血管肠肽瘤、生长抑素分泌肿瘤和类癌瘤或胰岛细胞瘤;垂体癌,例如但不限于库兴氏病(Cushing's disease)、催乳素分泌瘤、肢端肥大症、尿崩症;眼癌,例如但不限于眼黑素瘤如虹膜黑素瘤、脉络膜黑素瘤和睫状体黑素瘤,及视网膜母细胞瘤;阴道癌如鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和黑素瘤;外阴癌如鳞状细胞癌、黑素瘤、腺癌、基底细胞癌、肉瘤和佩吉特病;宫颈癌,例如但不限于鳞状细胞癌和腺癌;子宫癌,例如但不限于子宫内膜癌和子宫肉瘤;卵巢癌,例如但不限于卵巢上皮癌、交界性肿瘤、生殖细胞瘤和间质瘤;食道癌,例如但不限于鳞癌、腺癌、腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮样癌、腺鳞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、浆细胞瘤、疣状癌和燕麦细胞(小细胞)癌;胃癌,例如但不限于腺癌、真菌样生长(息肉状)、溃疡性、表浅扩散型、广泛扩散型、恶性淋巴瘤、脂肪肉瘤、纤维肉瘤和癌肉瘤;结肠癌;直肠癌;肝癌,例如但不限于肝细胞癌和肝母细胞癌(hepatoblastoma);胆囊癌,例如但不限于腺癌;胆管癌,例如但不限于乳头状、结节状和弥漫性胆管癌;肺癌,如非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、鳞状细胞癌(表皮样癌)、腺癌、大细胞癌和小细胞肺癌(SCLC);睾丸癌,例如但不限于生殖细胞瘤、精原细胞瘤、未分化、经典(典型)、精母细胞性细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤、胚胎癌、畸胎瘤癌、绒膜癌(卵黄囊瘤);前列腺癌,例如但不限于腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤;生殖器癌,如阴茎癌;口腔癌,例如但不限于鳞状细胞癌;基底癌;唾液腺癌,例如但不限于腺癌、粘液表皮样癌和腺样囊性癌;咽癌,例如但不限于鳞状细胞癌和疣;皮肤癌,例如但不限于基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌和黑素瘤、表浅扩散型黑素瘤、结节性黑素瘤、恶性雀斑样痣黑素瘤、肢端雀斑样痣黑素瘤;肾癌,例如但不限于肾细胞癌、透明细胞肾细胞癌、腺癌、肾上腺样瘤、纤维肉瘤、移行细胞癌(肾盂和/或输尿管);维尔姆斯瘤(Wilms'tumor);膀胱癌,例如但不限于移行细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、癌肉瘤。另外,癌症包括粘液肉瘤、骨原性肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管瘤内皮肉瘤、间皮瘤、滑膜瘤、血管母细胞瘤、上皮癌、囊腺癌、支气管癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌和乳头状腺癌。优选地,所述癌症选自乳腺癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、结直肠癌、肺癌或胶质瘤癌。更优选地,所述癌症为转移性乳腺癌或肺癌。设想到了对循环肿瘤细胞的靶向和治疗。
转移性癌症的治疗取决于原发性肿瘤所在的位置。当乳腺癌扩散到肺部时,例如,其仍然是乳腺癌并且通过乳腺中的转移性癌症来源,而不是通过其现在处于肺部中的事实来确定治疗。约5%的时间,发现转移性癌症,但无法鉴定原发性肿瘤。这些转移性癌症的治疗受其位置而非其来源指示。转移性癌症通过原肿瘤的组织(若已知)来命名。例如,已经扩散到脑部的乳腺癌被称为至脑部的转移性乳腺癌。
根据本发明的抗Axl治疗可用于为患有其中Axl过表达,或其中Axl拮抗作用将提供临床益处的病症的患者提供明显益处。治疗可通过注射(例如,静脉内)或通过局部递送方法给予。所提供的抗体可用于指示药物组合物向靶组织或全身性的递送,以便靶向(例如)循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)或其它转移细胞。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种抑制受试者中的癌症干细胞的方法,该方法包括使受试者接触如本发明所述的抗体(或其缀合物)。还设想到了用于此类方法中的抗体和缀合物。
EGFR拮抗作用
本发明还提供了抑制组成型Axl活化的方法,其包括向个体施用有效量的本发明公开的用于抑制组成型Axl的任一种抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其中所述受试者已经发展出对EGFR拮抗剂治疗的抗性,所述方法包括确定受试者是否具有Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,并且向具有Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增的那些受试者施用EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其包括:(i)监测正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗的受试者以确定受试者是否发展出Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,并且(ii)在受试者已经发展出Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增时,将受试者的治疗方案修改为除EGFR拮抗剂外还包括本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其包括:(i)监测正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗的受试者以确定受试者是否发展出对抑制剂的抗性,(ii)对受试者进行测试以确定受试者是否具有Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,并且(iii)在受试者具有Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增时,将受试者的治疗方案修改为除EGFR拮抗剂外还包括本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了评价EGFR拮抗剂的方法,其包括:(i)监测正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗的一群受试者以鉴定对该治疗剂发展出抗性的那些受试者,(ii)对抗性受试者进行测试以确定受试者是否具有Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,并且(iii)当受试者具有Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增时,将受试者的治疗方案修改为除EGFR拮抗剂外还包括本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了减少癌细胞中的EGFR磷酸化的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触的步骤。
一方面,本发明提供了减少癌细胞中PBK介导的信号传导的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触的步骤。
一方面,本发明提供了减少癌细胞中EGFR介导的信号传导的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触。
一方面,本发明提供了恢复癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂的敏感性的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触。
一方面,本发明提供了降低癌细胞的生长或增殖的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触的步骤。
一方面,本发明提供了增加癌细胞凋亡的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触的步骤。
一方面,本发明提供了降低癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂的抗性的方法,其中所述癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性,并且其中所述细胞包含Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触的步骤。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗癌细胞中的获得性EGFR拮抗剂抗性的方法,其中所述细胞包含Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增,所述方法包括使细胞与本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体和EGFR拮抗剂接触。
在一些实施方案中,癌细胞是任何EGFR驱动的癌症。在一些实施方案中,癌细胞包含EGFR活化突变。在一些实施方案中,癌细胞包含EGFR基因扩增。在一些实施方案中,EGFR基因扩增为至少2倍。在一些实施方案中,Axl扩增为至少2倍。在一些实施方案中,癌细胞包含与对EGFR拮抗剂的抗性增强相关的EGFR基因突变。在一些实施方案中,与对EGFR拮抗剂的抗性增强相关的EGFR基因突变为EGFR的T790M突变。
在一些实施方案中,EGFR拮抗剂为小分子治疗剂、核酸治疗剂或蛋白质治疗剂。在一些实施方案中,EGFR拮抗剂为抗体、反义分子或小分子激酶抑制剂。在一些实施方案中,EGFR拮抗剂为选自以下的EGFR激酶抑制剂:吉非替尼(gefitinib)、埃罗替尼、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、帕尼单抗(pantinumumab)。在一些实施方案中,EGFR拮抗剂为选自以下的抗EGFR抗体:西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗。在一些实施方案中,核酸治疗剂为siRNA分子。
一方面,本发明提供了鉴定作为EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体治疗的候选者的受试者的方法,其中所述受试者已经用EGFR拮抗剂治疗过且患有对所述EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性的癌症,所述方法包括检测来自所述受试者的癌细胞中的Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增。
一方面,本发明提供了鉴定正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗且有对所述EGFR拮抗剂获得抗性的风险的受试者的方法,其包括检测来自所述受试者的癌细胞中Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增的存在,其中所述Axl表达、Axl活化突变或Axl基因扩增的存在指示获得所述抗性的风险。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有对EGFR拮抗剂治疗有抗性的癌症的受试者的方法,其包括对该受试者施用EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其中该受试者已经发展出对EGFR拮抗剂治疗的抗性,所述方法包括确定该受试者是否具有Axl表达,如升高的Axl水平和/或活性,并对那些具有Axl表达、如升高的Axl活性的受试者施用EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其包括:(i)监测正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗的受试者以确定该受试者是否发展出Axl表达,如升高的水平和/或Axl活性,并且(ii)在受试者已经发展出Axl表达、如升高的Axl水平和/或活性时,将受试者的治疗方案修改为除EGFR拮抗剂外还包括本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有与EGFR活化突变或EGFR基因扩增相关的癌症的受试者的方法,其包括:(i)监测正在用EGFR拮抗剂治疗的受试者以确定受试者是否发展出对抑制剂的抗性,(ii)对受试者进行测试以确定受试者是否具有Axl表达,如升高的Axl水平和/或活性,并且(iii)在受试者具有升高的Axl水平和/或活性时,将受试者的治疗方案修改为除EGFR拮抗剂外还包括本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体。
另一方面,本发明提供了(i)恢复癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂的敏感性,(ii)降低癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂的抗性,和/或(iii)治疗癌细胞中的获得性EGFR拮抗剂抗性的方法,其通过使细胞与EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体接触来进行。
在示例性实施方案中,该癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性且包含升高水平的Axl活性和/或表达,例如与Axl基因中的活化突变、Axl基因扩增或Gas6介导的Axl活化相关。本发明中公开的方法可用于恢复癌细胞的敏感性、降低癌细胞的抗性和/或治疗癌细胞的获得性抗性。
另一方面,本发明提供了降低癌细胞的生长和/或增殖,或提高癌细胞凋亡的方法,其通过使细胞与EGFR拮抗剂和本发明所述任何抗Axl抗体接触来进行。在示例性实施方案中,癌细胞对EGFR拮抗剂具有获得性抗性且包含升高的Axl活性和/或表达,例如与Axl基因中的活化突变、Axl基因扩增或Gas6介导的Axl活化相关。
药物组合物
本发明的抗体通常将以药物组合物的形式施用,除抗体以外该药物组合物还包含至少一种组分。
因此根据本发明所述并根据本发明使用的药物组合物,除活性成分外,还可包含药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体、缓冲剂、稳定剂或本领域技术人员公知的其它材料。此类材料应无毒并且不应干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其它材料的确切性质将取决于施用途径,其可为口服,或通过注射,例如静脉内注射。药物组合物可用于人和兽医学中供人或动物使用。
对于本发明所述各种不同形式的药物组合物而言此类合适赋形剂的实例可在由AWade和PJ Weller编辑的“Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients”,第2版,(1994)中找到。
供治疗用的可接受的载体或稀释剂在制药领域中公知并且,例如在Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.(A.R.Gennaro编辑1985)中有描述。合适载体的实例包括乳糖、淀粉、葡萄糖、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸镁、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇等。合适稀释剂的实例包括乙醇、甘油、水和缓冲盐水。
可根据预期施用途径和标准药学实践选择药物载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。药物组合物可以包含作为或除载体、赋形剂或稀释剂外还包含任何合适的粘合剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、包衣剂、助溶剂、缓冲剂、调味剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、防腐剂(包括抗氧化剂)等,以及为了致使制剂与预期受者血液等渗而被包括在内的物质。
合适粘合剂的实例包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖(如葡萄糖)、无水乳糖、自由流动的乳糖、β-乳糖、玉米甜味剂、天然和合成的胶(如阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶或海藻酸钠)、羧甲基纤维素和聚乙二醇。
合适润滑剂的实例包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。在药物组合物中可提供防腐剂、稳定剂、染料和甚至调味剂。防腐剂的实例包括苯甲酸钠、山梨酸和对羟基苯甲酸酯。也可使用抗氧化剂和助悬剂。
药物制剂包括适于口服、局部(包括皮肤、颊部和舌下)、直肠或肠胃外(包括皮下、皮内、肌肉内和静脉内)、鼻部和肺部施用(例如通过吸入)的那些药物制剂。该制剂在适当时可便于呈离散剂量单位呈现并且可通过药学领域公知的任何方法制备。所有方法均包括使活性化合物与液体载体或细分固体载体或两者缔合的步骤,然后,如有必要,使产物成形为所需制剂。其中载体为固体的适于口服施用的药物制剂最优选作为单位剂量制剂如药丸、胶囊或片剂呈现,其各自含有预定量的活性剂。片剂可通过任选地与一种或多种辅助成分一起压缩或模制而制成。可通过在合适的机器中压缩呈自由流动形式如粉末或颗粒的活性剂来制备压缩片剂,其任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合。可通过模制具有惰性液体稀释剂的活性剂制成模制片剂。片剂可任选地有包衣并且,若无包衣,可任选地有刻痕。可通过将单独的或与一种或多种辅助成分混合的活性剂填充到胶囊壳中,然后以通常方式将其密封来制备胶囊。扁囊剂类似于胶囊,其中活性剂连同任何辅助成分一起密封在米纸袋中。活性剂还可配制成可分散粒剂,例如可以在施用之前将其悬浮在水中,或撒在食物上。粒剂可包装在(例如)小袋中。其中载体为液体的适于口服施用的制剂可作为于水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液,或作为水包油液体乳液呈现。
供口服施用的制剂包括控释剂型,例如片剂,其中活性剂被配制于适当的控释基质中,或用合适的控释薄膜包衣。此类制剂可特别便于预防使用。
其中载体为固体的适于直肠施用的药物制剂最优选作为单位剂量栓剂呈现。合适的载体包括可可油和本领域中常用的其它材料。栓剂可方便地通过活性剂与软化或融化的载体混合、接着于模具中冷却成型而形成。
适于肠胃外施用的药物制剂包括活性剂于水性或油性媒介物中的无菌溶液或悬浮液。
注射制剂可适于快速浓注(bolus injection)或连续输注。此类制剂便于在单位剂量或多剂量容器中呈现,所述容器在引入所述制剂后被密封至需要使用时。可选地,活性剂可呈粉末形式,其可在使用之前用合适的媒介物,如无菌、无热原水重构。
活性化合物也可配制成长效贮库制剂,其可通过肌肉注射或通过植入(例如皮下或肌肉内)来施用。贮库制剂可包含,例如,合适的聚合或疏水性材料,或离子交换树脂。此类长效制剂特别便于预防使用。
呈现适于经由颊腔进行肺部施用的制剂,使得含有活性化合物并且理想地具有在0.5至7微米范围内的直径的颗粒在受者支气管树中递送。作为一种可能性,此类制剂呈细粉碎粉末的形式呈现,细粉碎粉末可便于在可刺穿胶囊,例如适当的明胶中呈现,以供在吸入装置中使用,或可选地作为包含活性剂、合适的液体或气体推进剂和任选地其它成分(如表面活性剂和/或固体稀释剂)的自我推进制剂呈现。合适的液体推进剂包括丙烷和含氯氟烃,并且合适的气体推进剂包括二氧化碳。也可采用自我推进制剂,其中活性剂呈溶液或悬浮液的液滴形式分散。
此类自我推进制剂类似于本领域中已知的那些并且可通过规定程序制备。适宜地将其在设有具有所需喷雾特征的可手动操作或自动工作阀的容器中呈现;有利的是,该阀为计量型,其每次操作后递送固定体积,例如25至100微升。
作为另一种可能性,活性剂可呈溶液或悬浮液形式,供在喷雾器或雾化器中使用,从而采用加速气流或超声搅拌产生供吸入的细小雾滴。
适于鼻部施用的制剂包括通常类似于以上对于肺部施用所描述的那些的制剂。分散时,此类制剂应理想地具有在10至200微米范围内的粒径以确保留在鼻腔内;这可视情况而定,通过使用合适粒度的粉末或选择适当的阀来实现。其它合适的制剂包括具有在20至500微米范围内的粒径、用于通过鼻部通道从靠近鼻部的容器快速吸入而施用的粗粉,及在水性或油性的溶液或悬浮液中含0.2至5%w/v活性剂的鼻滴剂。
药学上可接受的载体是本领域技术人员公知的并且包括但不限于0.1M和优选0.05M磷酸盐缓冲液或0.8%盐水。另外,此类药学上可接受的载体可为水性或非水性的溶液、悬浮液和乳液。非水性溶剂的实例为丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油(如橄榄油)和可注射有机酯(如油酸乙酯)。水性载体包括水、醇/水溶液、乳液或悬浮液,包括盐水和缓冲介质。肠胃外媒介物包括氯化钠溶液、林格氏右旋糖(Ringer's dextrose)、右旋糖和氯化钠、乳酸化林格氏或不挥发性油。也可存在防腐剂和其它添加剂,例如,抗菌剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、惰性气体等。
适于局部配制的制剂可(例如)作为凝胶、霜剂或软膏提供。此类制剂可应用于(例如)伤口或溃疡,直接涂在伤口或溃疡的表面或载于可应用于待治疗区域处或上方的合适支撑物如绷带、纱布、网状织物等的上面。
也可提供液体或粉末制剂,可将其直接喷或撒在待治疗部位,例如伤口或溃疡上。可选地,可为载体如绷带、纱布、网状织物等喷或撒所述制剂,然后应用于待治疗部位。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制备如上所述的药物或兽用组合物的方法,所述方法包括例如通过混合,使活性化合物与载体缔合。一般而言,通过使活性剂与液体载体或细分固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地缔合,然后如有必要使产物成型,从而制备制剂。本发明延伸到制备药物组合物的方法,其包括使试剂与药学上或兽医学上可接受的载体或媒介物缔合。
施用
本发明的药物组合物可适于口服、直肠、鼻部、支气管内、局部(包括颊部和舌下)、阴道或肠胃外(包括皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、动脉内和皮内)、腹膜内和鞘内施用。优选地,所述制剂为静脉内或皮下施用的制剂。
所述制剂可便于呈单位剂型,即呈含有一个单位剂量、多个单位剂量或单位剂量的亚单位的离散部分的形式呈现。举例而言,所述制剂可呈片剂和缓释胶囊的形式,并且可通过药学领域公知的任何方法制备。
本发明中供口服施用的制剂可作为以下形式呈现:各自含有预定量的活性剂的离散单元,如胶囊、软胶囊(gellule)、滴剂、扁囊剂、丸剂或片剂;作为粉剂或粒剂;作为活性剂于水性液体或非水性液体中的溶液、乳液或悬浮液;或作为水包油液体乳液或油包水液体乳液;或作为药丸等。优选地,这些组合物每份剂量含有1至250mg且更优选地10-100mg活性成分。
对于口服施用的组合物(例如片剂和胶囊),术语“可接受的载体”包括媒介物如常见赋形剂,例如结合剂,例如糖浆、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、山梨糖醇、黄芪胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(聚维酮)、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基-甲基纤维素、蔗糖和淀粉;填料和载体,例如玉米淀粉、明胶、乳糖、蔗糖、微晶纤维素、高岭土、甘露糖醇、磷酸二钙、氯化钠和海藻酸;和润滑剂如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钠和其它金属硬脂酸盐、硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、硅酮流体、滑石蜡、油和胶体氧化硅。也可使用调味剂如薄荷、冬青油、樱桃香料等。可添加着色剂以制备易于鉴定的剂型。也可通过本领域公知的方法为片剂包衣。
片剂可通过任选地与一种或多种辅助成分一起压缩或模制而制成。可通过在合适的机器中压缩呈自由流动形式如粉末或颗粒的活性剂来制备压缩片剂,所述活性剂任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合。可通过在合适的机器中模制经惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状化合物的混合物制成模制片剂。片剂可任选地有包衣或有刻痕并且可经配制以便提供活性剂的缓释或控释。
适于口服施用的其它制剂包括在调味基质(通常为蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶或黄芪胶)中包含活性剂的糖锭;在惰性基质如明胶和甘油、或蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶中包含活性剂的锭剂;及在合适的液体载体中包含活性剂的漱口水。
其它施用形式包括溶液或乳液,其可静脉内、动脉内、鞘内、皮下、皮内、腹膜内或肌肉内注射,并且其可由无菌或可灭菌溶液制备。可注射形式通常每份剂量含有10-1000mg、优选10-250mg活性成分。
本发明的药物组合物也可呈栓剂、子宫托、悬浮液、乳液、洗剂、软膏、霜剂、明胶、喷雾、溶液或扑粉的形式。
经皮施用的替代方式是通过使用皮肤贴片。例如,活性成分可掺入到由聚乙二醇或液体石蜡的水性乳液组成的霜剂中。活性成分也可按1至10重量%的浓度掺入到软膏中,所述软膏由白蜡或白色软石蜡基质连同可能需要的此类稳定剂和防腐剂一起组成。
替代性配制策略可提供适于口服或栓剂途径的制剂。施用途径可通过治疗的物理化学特性,通过对疾病、优化功效或最小化副作用的特别考虑来确定。
另一种施用模式采用预包衣或以其它方式掺入到内在装置中,对其而言将通过适当实验确定抗体的最优量。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中抗体分子为单体片段,如Fab或scFv。此类抗体片段可具有半衰期相对较短的特征。
剂量
本领域的普通技术人员可容易地确定要向受试者施用的当前组合物之一的适当剂量,而无需过度实验。通常,医师会确定将最适合个体患者的实际剂量并且实际剂量将取决于各种因素,包括采用的特定试剂的活性、该试剂的代谢稳定性和作用时长、年龄、体重、总体健康状况、性别、饮食、施用模式和时间、排泄速率、药物组合、特定病症的严重程度及个体正在进行的疗法。
根据本发明,可向个体患者施用所提供的组合物。施用优选地按“治疗有效量”,这足以对患者显示益处。此类益处可以是至少改善至少一种症状。施用的实际量及施用速率和时程将取决于正在治疗的疾病的特性和严重程度。治疗处方,例如剂量的决定等,在普通医师和其它医学博士的责任范围之内。抗体的适当剂量是本领域公知的;参见LedermannJ.A.等人(1991)Int.J.Cancer 47:659-664;Bagshawe,K.D.等人(1991)Antibody,Immunoconjugates and Radiopharmaceuticals 4:915-922。
确切剂量将取决于许多因素,包括抗体是用于诊断还是用于治疗,待治疗区域的尺寸和位置,抗体(例如全抗体、抗体片段或双抗体)的确切特性及附接于抗体的任何可检测标记或其它分子的特性。典型抗体剂量可以快速静脉内推注而施用。其它施用模式包括经几个小时的静脉内输注,以达到相似总累积剂量。这是用于成年患者单次治疗的剂量,该剂量对于儿童和婴儿可按比例调整并且对于其它抗体形式而言也可与分子量成比例调整。听凭医师处理,按每天一次、每周两次、每周一次或每月一次的间隔重复治疗。
本发明公开的剂量是平均情况的实例。当然可存在更高或更低剂量范围有益的个别情况,并且这在本发明的范围之内。
根据本发明,可施用有效量的试剂以抑制Axl。当然,将根据试剂的施用类型进一步修改这剂量。例如,为达到急性治疗的“有效量”,优选肠胃外施用。静脉内输注水或正常盐水中5%葡萄糖中的化合物、或静脉内输注具有合适赋形剂的类似制剂是最有效的,尽管肌肉内快速浓注也有用。通常,肠胃外剂量将为约0.01至约100mg/kg;优选0.1至20mg/kg,以将血浆中的药物浓度维持在有效抑制激酶或使靶受体饱和的浓度。可按达到约0.4至约400mg/kg/天的总日剂量的水平每天施用所述试剂一至四次。治疗有效的活性剂的确切量及此类试剂的最佳施用途径易于由本领域的普通技术人员通过将所述试剂的血液水平与实现疗效所需的浓度做比较来确定。
本发明的试剂也可以使得药物浓度足以实现本发明公开的一种或多种治疗指征的方式向患者口服施用。通常,含所述试剂的药物组合物按约0.1至约50mg/kg的口服剂量,以符合患者病症的方式施用。优选地,口服剂量将为约0.5至约20mg/kg。
可在几种生物学测定中的任一项中测试本发明的试剂以确定具有指定药理效应所需的试剂浓度。
联合疗法
本发明的抗Axl抗体可以根据待治病症,单独地或与其它治疗组合,同时或依序施用。例如,本发明的抗体或其缀合物可用作抗癌单一疗法或与如下文所提及的其它癌症治疗一起用于联合疗法中。其它治疗可包括施用适量的疼痛缓解药物如非甾体抗炎药(例如阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)或酪洛芬(ketoprofen))或阿片类制剂(如吗啡)或止吐剂。
用于联合疗法的合适试剂
这些包括烷化剂,例如烷基磺酸盐如白消安(busulfan);
氮芥如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、美法仑(melphalan)和尿嘧啶芥(uramustine)、乙烯亚胺衍生物(如噻替派(thiotepa));
亚硝基脲如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)和链佐星(streptozocin),三氮烯如达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)和替莫唑胺(temozolamide);
铂类化合物如顺铂(cisplatin)、卡铂(carboplatin)、奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)、赛特铂(satraplatin)和吡铂(picoplatin)、奥纳铂(onnaplatin)、四铂(tetraplatin)、螺铂(sprioplatin)、异丙铂(iproplatin)、氯代(二亚乙基二氨基)氯化铂(II)、二氯(亚乙基二氨基)氯化铂(II)、(2-乙基丙二酸)二氨基合铂(II)、(1,2-二氨基环己烷)丙二酸铂(II)、(4-羧基邻苯二甲酸)-(1,2-二氨基环己烷)铂(II)、(1,2-二氨基环己烷)-(异柠檬酸)铂(II)和(1,2-二氨基环己烷)-顺-(丙酮酸)铂(II);
抗代谢物,包括抗叶酸制剂(antifolate)如甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、培美曲塞(permetrexed)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)和三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);
嘧啶类似物如阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、卡培他滨(capecitabin)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、依达曲沙(edatrexate)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil)、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)和曲沙他滨(troxacitabine);
嘌呤类似物如克拉屈滨(cladribine)、氯脱氧腺苷、氯法拉滨(clofarabine)、氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、巯基嘌呤、喷司他丁(pentostatin)和硫鸟嘌呤;
天然产品,包括抗肿瘤抗生素如博来霉素(bleomycin)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、光辉霉素(mithramycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、泊非霉素(porfiromycin)和蒽环霉素(anthracycline)(如柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、阿霉素(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)和戊柔比星(valrubicin));
有丝分裂抑制剂如长春花生物碱即长春花碱(vinblastine)、vinvesir、长春新碱(vincristine)、长春地辛(vindesine)和长春瑞滨(vinorelbine);
酶类如L-天冬酰胺酶和PEG-L-天冬酰胺酶;
微管聚合物稳定剂如紫杉烷(taxane),紫杉醇(paclitaxel)和多西他赛(docetaxel);
拓扑异构酶I抑制剂如喜树碱、伊立替康(irinotecan)和托泊替康(topotecan);拓扑异构酶II抑制剂如鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)、安吖啶(amsacrine)、依托泊苷(etoposide)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone)和放线菌素(actinomycin);
激素和激素拮抗剂,包括雄性激素如氟甲睾酮(fluoxymesterone)和睾内酯(testolactone),
抗雄激素如比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、环丙孕酮(cyproterone)、氟他胺(flutamide)和尼鲁米特(nilutamide);
皮质类固醇如地塞米松(dexamethasone)和强的松(prednisone);
芳香酶抑制剂如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、依西美坦(exemestane)、福美司坦(formestane)和来曲唑(letrozole);
雌激素如己烯雌酚;
抗雌激素如氟维司群(fulvestrant)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、它莫西芬(tamoxifen)和托瑞米芬(toremifine);
促黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)激动剂和拮抗剂如阿巴瑞克(abarelix)、布舍瑞林(buserelin)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、组氨瑞林(histrelin)、德舍瑞林(desorelin)、醋酸那法瑞林(nafarelin acetate)和曲普瑞林(triptorelin);
孕酮如醋酸甲羟孕酮和醋酸甲地孕酮,和甲状腺激素如左旋甲状腺素(levothyroxine)和三碘甲状腺氨酸(liothyronine);
PKB途径抑制剂,包括哌立福辛(perifosine)、盐酸恩扎滔林(enzastaurinhydrochloride)和曲西立滨(triciribine);
PI3K抑制剂如semaphore和SF1126;
mTOR抑制剂如雷帕霉素(rapamycin)和类似物;
CDK抑制剂,包括色立昔布(seliciclib)、阿伏昔地(alvocidib)和7-羟基羟基星形孢菌素;
COX-2抑制剂,包括塞来昔布(celecoxib);
HDAC抑制剂,包括曲古抑菌素A(trichostatin A)、辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid)和克林霉素(chlamydocin);
DNA甲基酶抑制剂,包括替莫唑胺(temozolomide);及
其它试剂,包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide)、沙立度胺(thalidomide)、来那度胺(lenalidomide)、硝酸镓、左旋咪唑(levamisole)、米托坦(mitotane)、羟基脲、奥曲肽(octreotide)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、苏拉明(suramin)、光动力化合物(如甲氧呋豆素(methoxsalen)和卟吩姆钠(sodium porfimer))及蛋白酶体抑制剂(如硼替佐米(bortezomib))。
分子靶向治疗剂包括:
功能治疗剂,例如基因治疗剂;
反义治疗剂;
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂如盐酸埃罗替尼、吉非替尼、甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinibmesylate)和semaxanib;
RAF抑制剂如索拉非尼(sorafenib);
基因表达调节剂如类维生素A和维甲酸(rexinoid),例如阿达帕林(adapalene)、贝沙罗汀(bexarotene)、反式维甲酸、9-顺式维甲酸和N-(4-羟苯基)维甲酰胺;
表型定向治疗剂,包括单克隆抗体如阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)和曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab);
免疫毒素(如安坦辛(emtansine))、放射免疫缀合物(如1-托西莫单抗(l-tositumobab)),和
癌症疫苗。
生物治疗剂包括:
干扰素如干扰素-[α]2a和干扰素-[α]2b,和白细胞介素如阿地白介素(aldesleukin)、地尼白介素(denileukin diftitox)和奥普瑞白介素(oprelvekin)。Axl抑制剂包括1-(6,7-二氢-5H-苯并[6,7]环庚[1,2-c]哒嗪-3-基)-N3-((7-(S)-吡咯烷-1-基)-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]环轮烯-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3,5-二胺(BGB324/R428)、CH5451098(Roche)及通过引用并入本发明的PCT/US07/089177、PCT/US2010/021275和PCT/EP2011/004451中描述的Axl抑制剂。
除预期对癌细胞起作用的这些试剂外,抗癌疗法还包括使用保护剂或辅助剂,包括:
细胞保护剂如阿米福汀(amifostine)和右丙亚胺(dexrazoxane);
膦酸盐如帕米膦酸盐(pamidronate)和唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid);及
刺激因子如依伯汀(epoetin)、达依泊汀(darbeopetin)、非格司亭(filgrastim)、PEG-非格司亭和沙格司亭(sargramostim)。
许多联合化疗方案为本领域已知,如单独的或与卡铂等进一步组合的卡铂/紫杉醇、卡培他滨(capecitabine)/多西他赛、氟尿嘧啶/左旋咪唑、氟尿嘧啶/甲酰四氢叶酸(leucovorin)、甲氨蝶呤/甲酰四氢叶酸及曲妥珠单抗/紫杉醇的组合。
免疫检查点调节剂
在一个优选的方面中,本发明所公开的抗Axl抗体与免疫检查点调节剂(ICM),如免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)组合施用。
作为免疫系统中的抑制途径的免疫检查点可被肿瘤引入以诱导免疫耐受性。因此,使用抗体阻断或调节免疫检查点(包括T细胞刺激性和抑制性受体以及树突细胞刺激受体),从而降低或逆转癌症的免疫耐受性,是癌症研究的重要途径。
可通过使用免疫检查点调节抗体调节的T细胞刺激性受体包括CD28、ICOS、4-1BB、OX40、GITR、CD27、TWEAKR、HVEM和TIM-1。可通过使用免疫检查点调节抗体调节的T细胞抑制性受体包括PD-L1、CTLA-4、PD-1、BTLA、TIM-3、VISTA、LAG-3和TIGIT。可通过使用免疫检测点调节抗体调节的树突细胞刺激受体包括CD40和4-1BB。
因此,适合与本发明公开的抗Axl抗体组合使用的ICM包括免疫检查点调节或抑制抗体,其中多种为本领域已知。尤为合适的免疫检查点调节剂包括:
CTLA-4靶向抗体,包括伊匹单抗(Ipilimumab)和曲美木单抗(Tremelimumab)。
PD-1靶向抗体,包括派姆单抗(Pembrolizumab)、纳武单抗(Mivolumab)和AMP-514/MEDI0680。
BD-L1靶向抗体,包括MPDL3280A、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C和BMS-936559。
4-1BB靶向抗体,包括乌瑞芦单抗(Urelumab)和PF-05082566。
OX-40靶向抗体,包括MEDI6469、MEDI6383(rOX40L)和MOXR0916。
GITR靶向抗体,包括TRX518。
CD27靶向抗体,包括CDX-1127。
CD40靶向抗体,包括CP-870,893。
LAG3靶向抗体,包括BMS-986016。
ICM抗体的组合连同本发明的抗Axl抗体一起使用时,所用的全部ICM抗体可靶向抑制性受体,所用的全部ICM抗体可靶向刺激性受体,或者可使用靶向抑制性受体和刺激性受体的ICM抗体的组合。
因此,如本发明中所述,本发明提供了结合Axl以用于治疗(例如增殖性疾病,如癌症)的抗体,其中所述治疗还包括一种或多种免疫检查点调节抗体。类似地,提供了如本发明中所述,结合Axl的抗体在制造用于治疗增殖性疾病(如癌症)的药物中的用途,其中所述治疗还包括一种或多种免疫检查点调节抗体。所述抗体可选自:伊匹单抗、曲美木单抗、派姆单抗、纳武单抗、AMP-514/MEDI0680、MPDL3280A、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C、BMS-936559、乌瑞芦单抗、PF-05082566、MEDI6469、MEDI6383(rOX40L)、MOXR0916、TRX518、CDX-1127、CP-870,893和BMS-986016。所述癌症可选自肺癌、黑素瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌或癌瘤。
本发明的化合物可在一种或多种免疫检查点调节抗体之前、与所述一种或多种免疫检查点调节抗体同时、或在所述一种或多种免疫检查点调节抗体之后施用。
抗肿瘤抗体
与本发明的抗Axl抗体组合使用的另一特别优选的试剂种类是对除Axl以外的靶标具有特异性的抗肿瘤抗体。适合与本发明的抗Axl抗体组合使用的抗体列于下表中:
在说明书全篇,优选地在体外或离体进行本发明描述的方法。该方法也可在体内进行。
报告因子和测试
本发明提供了引起或允许如本发明所提供的抗体与Axl结合的方法。正如所指出的,此类结合可在体内发生,例如在施用抗体或编码抗体的核酸之后,或其可在体外发生,例如在ELISA、蛋白质印迹分析、免疫细胞化学、免疫组织化学、免疫沉淀或亲和色谱法中。
可测定与Axl受体结合的抗体的量。定量可与试样中抗原的量有关,这可引起诊断兴趣。
样品中抗体的反应性可通过任何适当方式测定。放射免疫测定法(RIA)是一种可能。放射性标记抗原与未标记抗原(试样)混合并允许与抗体结合。通过物理方式将结合的抗原与未结合的抗原分开并测定与抗体结合的放射性抗原的量。试样中存在的抗原越多,与抗体结合的放射性抗原会越少。也可用非放射性抗原使用竞争结合测定法,使用与报告分子连接的抗原或类似物。报告分子可以是具有光谱上分离的吸收或发射特征的荧光色素、磷或激光染料。合适的荧光色素包括荧光素、若丹明(rhodamine)、藻红蛋白(phycoerythrin)和德州红(Texas Red)。合适的产色染料包括二氨基联苯胺(diaminobenzidine)。
其它报告因子包括大分子胶体粒子或颗粒材料如有色、磁性或顺磁性的乳胶珠粒,及可直接或间接导致可检测信号在视觉上被观察到、被电子检测到或以其它方式记录的生物或化学活性剂。这些分子可以是催化显色或变色或引起例如电气性质变化的反应的酶类。它们可以是分子易激的,使得能态间的电子跃迁导致特征谱吸收或发射。它们可包括连同生物传感器一起使用的化学实体。可采用生物素/亲和素或生物素/链霉亲和素和碱性磷酸酶检测系统。
独立的抗体-报告银子缀合物产生的信号可用于推导样品(正常和测试)中相关抗体结合的可量化的绝对或相对数据。
本发明还提供了如上所述抗体在竞争测定法中用于测量抗原水平的用途,即在竞争测定法中通过采用如本发明所提供的抗体测量样品中的抗原水平的方法。这可以不需要物理分离结合与未结合的抗原。使报告分子与抗体连接使得在结合时发生物理或光学变化是一种可能。报告分子可直接或间接产生可检测且优选可测量的信号。报告分子的连接可以是直接或间接的、共价(例如经由肽键)或非共价的。经由肽键的连接可以是由于编码抗体和报告分子的基因融合体的重组表达。
本发明还提供了例如在生物传感器系统中通过采用根据本发明的抗体,直接测量抗原水平。
测定结合的模式不是本发明的特征并且本发明的技术人员能够根据其偏好和常识选择合适的模式。
竞争抗体
本发明还延伸到与结合抗原且包含包括具有基本上如本发明所列氨基酸的CDR的抗体可变结构域(VH或VL或两者)或具有基本上如本发明所列氨基酸序列的可变结构域的任何抗体竞争结合Axl的抗体。抗体间的竞争可在体外容易地测定,例如通过将特定报告分子标记到一个在其它未标记结合成员的存在下可以被检测出的结合成员上,以使得能够鉴定结合相同表位或重叠表位的抗体。例如可使用ELISA或流式细胞术测定竞争。可选地,如实施例6所述,可使用Biacore仪器经由表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术鉴定竞争性抗体。
在另一种方法中,为了筛选结合至与感兴趣的抗体(例如,阻断10G5抗体与Axl结合的那些抗体)结合的Axl上表位的抗体,可进行常规交叉阻断测定,其在Antibodies.ALaboratory Manual.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.Ed Harlow和DavidLane(1988)中描述。
在对竞争的测试中,可采用抗原的肽片段,特别是包括目标表位的肽。可使用具有表位序列加上任一末端的一个或多个氨基酸的肽。可称此类肽“基本上由”指定序列组成。根据本发明所述的抗体可以是这样的,使其与抗原的结合受具有或包括给定序列的肽的抑制。在对此的测试中,可使用具有任一序列加上一个或多个氨基酸的肽。
结合特定肽的抗体例如可通过用该肽淘选从噬菌体展示文库中分离。
核酸、构建体和表达
本发明还提供了编码本发明的抗体的分离的核酸。核酸包括DNA和RNA。在一个优选的方面,本发明提供了编码如以上所定义的本发明的CDR、VH或VL结构域的核酸。
本发明还提供了呈包含如上所述至少一个聚核苷酸的质粒、载体、转录或表达盒的形式的构建体。
本发明还提供了包含如上所述一种或多种构建体的重组宿主细胞。编码所提供的任何CDR、VH或VL结构域或抗体的核酸本身形成了本发明的一个方面,产生编码产物的方法也如此,该方法包括为此编码的核酸的表达。表达可便于通过在适当条件下培养含有该核酸的重组宿主细胞而实现。通过表达产生之后,可使用本领域已知的任何合适技术分离和/或纯化VH或VL结构域或抗体。
可提供根据本发明所述的抗体、VH和/或VL结构域及编码核酸分子和载体,例如从其自然环境分离和/或纯化的、呈基本上纯净或均匀的形式,或对于核酸的情况不含或基本上不含除编码具有所需功能的多肽的序列以外的来源的核酸或基因。根据本发明所述的核酸可包含DNA或RNA并且可以是完全或部分合成的。除非上下文另有要求,否则提到如本发明所列的核苷酸序列涵盖了具有指定序列的DNA分子,并且涵盖具有指定序列、其中U取代为T的RNA分子。
用于在各种不同宿主细胞中克隆和表达多肽的系统是公知的。合适的宿主细胞包括细菌、哺乳动物细胞、酵母、杆状病毒和昆虫细胞系统。本领域中可用于表达异源多肽的哺乳动物细胞系包括中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)、HeLa细胞、幼仓鼠肾(BHK)细胞、NS0和SP2/0小鼠骨髓瘤细胞、YB2/0大鼠骨髓瘤细胞、人细胞系HEK-293和PER.C6及许多其它细胞。常见、优选的细菌宿主为大肠杆菌(E.coli)。
在原核细胞如大肠杆菌中抗体和抗体片段的表达在本领域中是确定的。对于综述,参见例如Plückthun,A.Bio/Technology 9:545-551(1991)。培养物中,在真核细胞中的表达也可为本领域技术人员所用,作为产生抗体的一种选择,参见对于综述,例如Ref,M.E.(1993)Curr.Opinion Biotech.4:573-576;Trill J.J.等人(1995)Curr.Opinion Biotech6:553-560。
可以选择或构建合适的载体,其含有适当的调控序列,包括启动子序列、终止子序列、聚腺苷酸化序列、增强子序列、标记物基因和适当的其它序列。视情况而定,载体可为质粒、病毒如噬菌体或噬菌粒(Sambrook和Russell,2001,Molecular Cloning:a LaboratoryManual:第3版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press)。在Current Protocols inMolecular Biology,第2版,Ausubel等人编辑,John Wiley&Sons,1992中详细描述了操纵核酸的许多已知技术和方案,例如核酸构建体的制备、诱变、测序、DNA向细胞中的引入和基因表达及蛋白质分析中。
因此,本发明的另一方面提供了含有如本发明所公开的核酸的宿主细胞。再一个方面提供了包括将此类核酸引入宿主细胞的方法。引入可采用任何可用技术。对于真核细胞而言,合适的技术可包括磷酸钙转染、DEAE-右旋糖、电穿孔、脂质体介导的转染和使用逆转录病毒或其它病毒(例如牛痘,或对于昆虫细胞而言使用杆状病毒)转导。对于细菌细胞而言,合适的技术可包括氯化钙转化、电穿孔和使用噬菌体转染。
引入后可引起或允许由核酸进行表达,例如通过在用于基因表达的条件下培养宿主细胞。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的核酸被整合到宿主细胞的基因组(例如染色体)中。根据标准技术,可通过包括促进与基因组的重组的序列而促进整合。
本发明还提供了包括在表达系统中使用如上所述的构建体以便表达如上所述的抗体或多肽的方法。
现将通过举例的方式,参考以下实验来说明本发明的方面和实施方案。
本说明书中任一处所引用的所有文件均通过引用并入。
发明描述
以下段落描述了本发明的许多具体设想的实施方案和组合。
1.一种抗体,其结合Axl且包含:
VH结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.32的氨基酸序列的VH CDR3和任选一个或多个具有选自SEQ ID NO.31和SEQ ID NO.30的氨基酸序列的VH CDR;和/或
VL结构域,其包含或一个或多个具有选自SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.34和SEQ IDNO.35的氨基酸序列的VL CDR。
2.根据段落1的抗体,其包含:
VH结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.30、SEQ ID NO.31和SEQ ID NO.32的氨基酸序列的VH CDR。
3.根据描述1或2所述的抗体,其包含:
VL结构域,其包含具有SEQ ID NO.33、SEQ ID NO.34和SEQ ID NO.35的氨基酸序列的VL CDR。
4.根据上述描述任一项的抗体,其包含:
选自以下的抗体VH结构域:10G5 VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO.1)和10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO.2);和/或
选自以下的抗体VL结构域:10G5 VL(GL1)结构域(SEQ ID NO.3)和10G5 VL(GL2)结构域(SEQ ID NO.4)。
5.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 VH(GH1)结构域(SEQ ID NO.1)。
6.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 VH(GH2)结构域(SEQ ID NO.2)。
7.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 VL(GL1)结构域(SEQ ID NO.3)。
8.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 VL(GL2)结构域(SEQ ID NO.4)。
9.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含scFv抗体分子。
10.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含抗体恒定区。
11.根据段落10的抗体,其中所述重链恒定区具有SEQ ID NO:5所述的序列。
12.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 GH1重链(SEQ ID NO:6)。
13.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 GH2重链(SEQ ID NO:7)。
14.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含轻链恒定区。
15.根据段落14的抗体,其中所述轻链恒定区具有SEQ ID NO:8所述的序列。
16.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 GL1轻链(SEQ ID NO:9)。
17.根据上述段落任一项所述的抗体,其包含10G5 GL2轻链(SEQ ID NO:10)。
18.根据段落17所述的抗体,其包含全抗体。
19.根据段落1至18任一项所述的抗体,其包含另外的氨基酸,该氨基酸提供除了结合抗原的能力之外的进一步的功能特征。
20.根据段落1至19任一项所述的抗体,其结合Axl的KD比包含SEQ ID NO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体小至少15%。
21.根据段落1至20任一项所述的抗体,其以不大于10-9M的KD结合Axl。
22.根据段落1至21任一项所述的抗体,其具有的EC50比包含SEQ IDNO.12的VH和SEQ ID NO.13的VL的嵌合抗体小至少15%。
23.根据段落1至22任一项所述的抗体,其已被脱岩藻糖基化。
24.根据段落1至23任一项所述的抗体,其中所述Axl为人Axl。
25.根据段落1至24任一项所述的抗体,其特异性结合灵长类Axl。
26.根据段落1至25任一项所述的抗体,其:
(i)以高于10-3M的KD结合鼠Axl;
(ii)以高于10-3M的KD结合人Mer;和/或
(iii)以高于10-3M的KD结合人Tyro3。
27.根据段落1至26任一项所述的抗体,其抑制Axl与Gas6的结合。
28.根据段落1至27任一项所述的抗体,其下调Axl受体的表达。
29.根据段落28所述的抗体,其中相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,所述抗体将Axl受体的表达降低至该水平的低于50%。
30.根据段落28或29中任一项所述的抗体,其中在样品与所述抗体接触12小时之内观察到Axl受体表达的下调。
31.根据段落28至30中任一项所述的抗体,其中在样品与所述抗体接触后,Axl受体表达的下调持续至少24小时。
32.根据段落1至31任一项所述的抗体,其增加Axl受体内化的速率。
33.根据段落1至32任一项所述的抗体,其抑制Axl活性。
34.根据上述段落任一项的抗体,其中所述抗体抑制Axl自体磷酸化。
35.根据段落33或34任一项所述的抗体,其中所述抗体抑制Axl受体下游信号传导。
36.根据段落33至35任一项所述的抗体,其中在与本发明的抗体接触的样品中,相比于在除了不与抗体接触外其它经过相同处理的样品中观察到的水平,在丝氨酸473处的Akt磷酸化为上述水平的低于50%。
37.根据段落1至36任一项所述的抗体,其增加细胞死亡的速率。
38.根据段落1至37任一项所述的抗体,其抑制肿瘤生长。
39.根据段落1至38任一项所述的抗体,其减少纤维化标记物如α-SMA、Col1A1、MCP1和/或TGF-β的表达。
40.根据段落1至39任一项所述的抗体,其缀合至可检测的标记、酶或毒素,任选通过肽键或接头缀合。
41.根据段落40的抗体,其中所述毒素选自MMAE和MMAF。
42.根据段落40的抗体,其中所述可检测的标记为FITC。
43.根据段落1至42任一项所述的抗体,其结合至被可从杂交瘤WR-10G5-E5获得的10G5抗体结合的表位。
44.分离的核酸,其包含编码根据段落1至39中任一项所述的抗体或抗体的抗体VH或VL结构域的核苷酸序列。
45.宿主细胞,其经根据段落44所述的核酸转化。
46.一种生产抗体或抗体VH或VL结构域的方法,所述方法包括在用于生产所述抗体或抗体VH或VL结构域的条件下培养根据段落40所述的宿主细胞。
47根据段落46所述的方法,其还包括分离和/或纯化所述抗体或抗体VH或VL可变结构域。
39.根据段落46或段落47所述的方法,其还包括将所述抗体或抗体VH或VL可变结构域配制成包含至少一种另外的组分的组合物。
49.组合物,其包含根据段落1至39任一项所述的抗体,或其免疫缀合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
50.根据段落49的组合物,还包含免疫检查点调节剂,和/或对除了Axl之外的靶点具有特异性的抗肿瘤抗体。
51.根据段落49的组合物,还包含第二抗Axl抗体,其中所述第二抗Axl抗体不与可从杂交瘤WR-10G5-E5获得的10G5抗体竞争与Axl结合
52.根据段落50的组合物,其中所述免疫检查点调节剂为抗体,如伊匹单抗、曲美木单抗、派姆单抗、纳武单抗、AMP-514/MEDI0680、MPDL3280A、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C、BMS-936559、乌瑞芦单抗、PF-05082566、MEDI6469、MEDI6383(rOX40L)、MOXR0916、TRX518、CDX-1127、CP-870,893或BMS-986016。
53.根据段落50的组合物,其中所述对除了Axl之外的靶点具有特异性的抗肿瘤抗体选自利妥昔单抗、替伊莫单抗、托西莫单抗、本妥昔单抗、吉妥珠单抗、阿仑单抗、IGN101、阿德木单抗、Labetuzumab、huA33、Pemtumomab、奥戈伏单抗、CC49(明瑞莫单抗)、cG250、J591、MOv18、MORAb-003(farletuzumab)、3F8、ch14.18、KW-2871、hu3S193、IgN311、贝伐单抗、IM-2C6、CDP791、伊瑞西珠、伏洛昔单抗、西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗、尼妥珠单抗806、曲妥单抗、帕妥珠单抗、MM-121、AMG 102、METMAB、SCH 900105、AVE1642、IMC-A12、MK-0646、R1507、CP 751871、KB004、IIIA4、马帕木单抗(HGS-ETR1)、HGS-ETR2、CS-1008、地诺单抗、西罗珠单抗、F19、81C6。
54.根据段落1至42任一项所述的抗体,或段落49至53任一项所述的组合物,其用于治疗方法。
55.根据段落54的抗体或组合物,其用于治疗纤维化疾病的方法。
56.根据段落54的抗体或组合物,其用于治疗增殖性疾病的方法。
57.根据段落56的抗体或组合物,其中所述增殖性疾病为癌症。
58.根据段落57的抗体或组合物,其中所述癌症为转移性癌症。
59.根据段落1至42任一项所述的抗体或根据段落49至53任一项所述的组合物在制备用于治疗特征为Axl的表达或活性增加的疾病或障碍的药物中的用途。
60.治疗特征为Axl的表达或活性增加的疾病或障碍的方法,该方法包括向患有该疾病或障碍或处于发展该疾病或障碍的风险中的患者给药根据段落1至43任一项所述的抗体,或根据段落49至53任一项所述的组合物。
61.根据段落54至58任一项所述的抗体,或段落60的方法,其中所述治疗方法包括给药与免疫检查点调节剂和/或对除了Axl之外的靶点具有特异性的抗肿瘤抗体组合的根据段落1至41任一项所述的抗体,或根据段落49至53任一项所述的组合物。
62.根据段落60所述的方法,其中所述抗体指示药物组合物的递送以靶向转移性癌细胞。
63.根据段落1至41中任一项所述的抗体和允许测定所述抗体与转移性癌细胞的结合的一种或多种试剂,在制造用于检测特征在于Axl过表达的疾病或病症的诊断剂中的用途。
64.一种诊断特征在于Axl过表达的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括向有所述疾病或病症或处于发展所述疾病或病症的风险的患者施用根据段落1至32中任一项所述的抗体或根据段落49至53中任一项所述的组合物,和允许测定所述抗体与转移性癌细胞的结合的一种或多种试剂。
65.诊断试剂盒,其包含根据段落1至41任一项所述的抗体和允许测定所述组成部分与转移性癌细胞的结合的一种或多种试剂。
66.试剂盒,其包含根据段落1至41任一项所述的抗体,或根据段落49至53任一项的组合物。
67.药物组合物,其包含有效量的根据段落1至41的抗体作为有效成分,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
实施例
实施例1:小鼠抗AXL单克隆抗体的产生
通过用编码与C末端Myc表位融合的全长人Axl的质粒对免疫活性NMRI小鼠(Charles River)进行DNA免疫接种,而产生针对人Axl受体的单克隆抗体(MAb)。
来自于显示血液中存在rhAxl特异性抗体的小鼠的脾细胞被用于根据标准方案与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合。该细胞在板中(105个细胞/孔)用次黄嘌呤-氨基蝶呤-胸腺嘧啶(HAT)培养基培养以进行杂交瘤选择。选择12天之后,收获14种所产生的杂交瘤的上清液并且在酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)和流式细胞术中测试Axl结合。扩张在通过有限稀释法进行第二轮亚克隆后显示出最高抗原结合活性的3种阳性克隆物以在体外进行大规模抗体生产。通过蛋白G亲和色谱法从细胞培养物上清液纯化MAb。
选择在流式细胞术中显示与Axl+细胞特异性结合的抗体克隆物10G5做进一步表征。
对于流式细胞术,用PBS洗涤培养物中的粘附细胞,通过胰蛋白酶(0.25%)处理1分钟分离并且击打培养皿以完全分离。通过向组织培养瓶中添加完全培养基,接着用PBS洗涤细胞而猝灭胰蛋白酶。在洗涤步骤期间,通过200g离心5分钟收集细胞。稀释抗体达到在PBS中含有0.02%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的总浓度。
在室温下使用200μL包含105个细胞的细胞悬浮液进行细胞染色20分钟。用PBS/0.02% BSA进行两个洗涤步骤之后,将细胞重新悬浮于200μL中,在室温下用APC缀合的驴抗小鼠IgG(H+L)二级抗体(Jackson Laboratories,产品目录号715-136-150)在2μg/mL的浓度下培养20分钟。用PBS/0.02% BSA洗涤被染色的细胞两次并且在使用BD LSRFortessa细胞分析仪(BD Biosciences)分析之前保持在冰上。
实施例2:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5不与人TAM受体家族的其它成员交叉反应
所有结合实验都是在25℃下使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)进行的。使用胺偶联法分别按393.0、303.6和364.0个共振单位的表面密度将对应于人TAM受体家族成员Axl(rhAxl-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,产品目录号154-AL)、Mer(rhMer-Fc嵌合体;R&DSystems,产品目录号891-MR)和Tyro3(rhTyro3/Dtk-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,产品目录号859-DK)的胞外结构域的可溶性重组抗原固定在CM5传感器芯片的表面上。在自动模式下使用结合分析向导进行Biacore运行。在具有固定抗原的表面上按30μL/分钟的流量注射在HBS-EP缓冲液(GE Healthcare)中含浓度为10μg/mL的MAb10G5的样品3分钟(缔合),接着解离5分钟。
图1所示的结果证明小鼠单克隆抗体10G5与人Axl特异性结合而不与重组人Mer和Tyro3抗原结合。
实施例3:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5不与小鼠AXL交叉反应
结合实验是在25℃下使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)进行的。使用胺偶联法分别按1,308.0、2,115.9和1,429.0RU的表面密度将对应于人Axl(rhAxl-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,产品目录号154-AL)、小鼠Axl(rmAxl-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,R&D Systems;产品目录号854-AX)和人Tyro3(rhTyro3/Dtk-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,产品目录号859-DK)的可溶性重组抗原固定在CM5传感器芯片的表面上。在自动模式下使用结合分析向导进行Biacore运行。
在具有固定抗原的表面上按30μL/分钟的流量注射在HBS-EP缓冲液(GEHealthcare)中含浓度为10μg/mL的MAb 10G5或重组小鼠(rm)Axl-配体Gas6(R&D Systems,产品目录号986-GS/CF)的样品3分钟(缔合),接着解离5分钟。
图2所示的结果证明MAb 10G5与人Axl特异性相互作用而不与重组小鼠Axl和人Mer抗原结合(图2)。不同的是,用作对照的小鼠Gas6,证明与人和小鼠Axl两者的强结合并且与人Tyro3的结合略弱(图2)。
实施例4:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5与来自非人类灵长类动物的Axl受体的特异性结合
从WO2009062690A1中获得来自食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis)的Axl受体的序列(SEQ ID NO.27)。基于该序列,通过在CHO细胞中瞬时表达为与人Fc的融合蛋白而产生cyno-Axl的重组胞外结构域。使用Protein A-Sepharose(GE Healthcare)将重组cyno-Axl-Fc纯化至均质。使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)在25℃进行结合实验。使用氨基偶联将对应于人Axl(rhAxl-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,目录号154-AL)和cyno-Axl的可溶性重组抗原固定在CM5传感器芯片的表面上,其表面密度分别为775RU和880RU。使用结合分析向导以自动模式执行Biacore运行。
在HBS-EP缓冲液(GE Healthcare)中以10μg/mL的浓度将MAb 10G5或人Axl特异性MAb 5F11(对照)的样品以30μL/min的流速注射到具有固定抗原的表面上,持续3分钟(缔合),然后解离5分钟。
图3所示的结果表明MAb 10G5与来自人和食蟹猴的Axl抗原的特异性强相互作用。相比之下,对照抗体5F11显示出与人类Axl的强结合,并且与食蟹猴Axl缺乏交叉反应性。
实施例5:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5的亲和力测定
抗Axl抗体10G5的亲和力测定在25℃下使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)通过表面等离子体共振测量来进行。使用具有密度为190RU的固定rhAxl-Fc嵌合体(R&DSystems,产品目录号154-AL)的传感器芯片CM5作为固体抗体涂布表面。
对于动力学测量而言,按30μL/分钟的流量注射在HBS-EP缓冲液(Biacore,产品目录号BR-1001-88)中不同浓度的抗Axl抗体(0.3至666.7nM),注射时间3分钟,接着解离5分钟(单独的缓冲液)。每个循环之后,通过按50μL/分钟的流量注射30秒再生液(10mM HCl、1MNaCl)使表面再生。
传质对照实验证明对于MAb 10G5而言不存在明显的传质限制。另外的缀合反应对照实验并未揭示对于抗体的缀合反应,因为在注射一种分析物浓度(对于MAb 10G5为160nM)1、3或20分钟之后解离相几乎相同。
使用BIA评估软件和1:1朗缪尔结合模型(Langmuir binding model)计算动力学结合(结合率,k结合)和解离(解离率,k解离)速率。按k解离/k结合比率计算平衡解离常数(KD)。按In2/k解离比率计算形成的抗体-抗原复合物的半衰期(t1/2)。
如图4所示,小鼠MAb 10G5在亚纳摩尔浓度范围内表现出高亲和力,KD值为0.53nM。
实施例6:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5阻断GAS6与AXL的结合
使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)和结合分析向导,以几次循环注射两份样品进行竞争结合研究。作为第一样品,按30μL/分钟的流量在涂有rhAxl-Fc(使用胺偶联法)的CM5传感器芯片的表面上注射饱和浓度的MAb 10G5(160nM或24μg/mL)3分钟,接着在注射第二样品之前稳定2.5分钟(单独的HBS-EP缓冲液)。使用以下的第二样品:重组人(rh)Gas6(R&D Systems,产品目录号885-GS)、重组小鼠(rm)Gas6(R&D Systems,产品目录号986-GS/CF)和一组抗Axl抗体,如MAB154(R&D Systems,产品目录号MAB154)和10G5;全部浓度为25μg/mL。注射第二样品3分钟,接着稳定2.5分钟(单独的缓冲液)并且通过按50μL/分钟的流速注射30秒再生液(10mM HCl、1M NaCl)使表面再生。
图5所示的结果证明MAb 10G5不与商业化的对照抗体MAB154(R&D Systems)竞争结合Axl。然而,抗体10G5抑制Axl结合其配体Gas6(人和鼠来源)。
实施例7:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5抑制高侵袭性乳腺癌细胞在三维(3D)器官模型中
的生长
根据推荐的条件,在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)、谷氨酰胺和青霉素和链霉素的Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's培养基/Nutrient Mixture F-12Ham培养基中,培养高侵袭性三阴性人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231(HTB-26TM)。将细胞在37℃在悬浮液中预处理至少1小时,以确保所述细胞在被置于胞外基质中之前,抗体就适当结合在细胞表面上。每天观察细胞培养物,每隔一天进行一次新鲜处理。抗体以50-100μg/mL的浓度使用。在尼康光学显微镜上使用相差和霍夫曼光学器件进行盖玻片3D测定(35mm培养皿)的成像。在第3天已经观察到用MAb 10G5处理的细胞与用对照不相关的IgG处理的细胞之间的生长差异。在第6天,与对照处理的细胞相比,用抗体10G5处理的细胞在细胞外基质中明显具有被抑制的生长和肿瘤块发育(图6)。细胞核染色显示,尽管生长被抑制,但用MAb 10G5处理的细胞仍然具有活力。该实验表明,抗Axl抗体10G5具有抑制器官型肿瘤块发育的效力。
实施例8:抗体10G5诱导体外三维肿瘤群落形态的变化
MDA-MB-231细胞在细胞外基质上生长并形成高侵袭性星状形态。然后如实施例7所述,用对照IgG和抗体10G5处理星状肿瘤块。抗体10G5引起星状图案分解(图7),伴随细胞死亡和DNA断裂。这些结果表明使用特异性单克隆抗体10G5阻断Axl在体外的3D模型中具有很强的抗肿瘤作用。
实施例9:抗体10G5诱导Axl受体内化
通过蛋白质印迹分析检测用不同抗体处理的MBA-MD-231细胞中Axl受体蛋白的表达。将细胞以5×105个细胞/孔的密度接种在6孔板中,并在处理开始前培养过夜。在亚型对照(小鼠IgG2b)、浓度为100μg/mL的抗Axl抗体(10G5和MAb#3)或浓度为0.5μM的多激酶抑制剂Foretinib(靶标Met、Ron、Axl、Tie-2和VEGFR2)的存在下处理细胞20小时,然后通过以1,200rpm离心5分钟来收集,并用无菌PBS洗涤。通过离心收集细胞,并重悬浮于NP40-裂解缓冲液中,然后在冰上培养30分钟。通过离心(12,000rpm,4℃,5分钟)清除细胞裂解物,并使用BCA蛋白测定法测定蛋白质浓度。使包含35μg总蛋白质的细胞裂解物样品在还原剂(LifeTechnologies)的存在下变性,并上样到NuPAGE 10%Bis-Tris聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)凝胶的孔中,1.0mm x 12孔(Invitrogen)。在推荐条件(Life Technologies)下,使用Bis-Tris SDS电泳缓冲液进行电泳并且,正如XCell IITMBlot Module(Invitrogen)手册中对于2种凝胶所述,使用具有20%甲醇的转移缓冲液,将蛋白质转移到PVDF膜上。在10mL封闭缓冲液,即具有5%脱脂奶的TBS/0.1%吐温20(TBST)中在室温下培养所述膜1小时,接着在4℃下在5mL含有抗Axl MAb 154(R&D Systems)的1:1000稀释液的培养缓冲液(具有3%脱脂奶的TBST)中培养过夜。各用10mL的TBST洗涤膜三次,每次5分钟,接着在室温下用山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)HRP-缀合的二级抗体(1:2000)于5mL培养缓冲液中边轻轻摇晃边培养1小时。之后,膜在10mL的TBST中洗涤三次,洗涤5分钟,并用10mL的TBS缓冲液洗涤两次。膜在室温下用1mLECL底物培养1分钟。抽吸过量底物溶液,使用ChemiDocTMXRS+成像仪(Bio Rad)和Image lab软件使印迹可视化。将在相同条件下使用抗小鼠肌动蛋白抗体(1:10,000;Sigma)的检测作为加载对照。
图8所示的结果显示,与用不相关的IgG或MAb#3处理的细胞相比,用MAb 10G5处理的细胞中Axl蛋白显著降低。结果表明MAb 10G5诱导Axl受体的内化和细胞内降解。
实施例10:抗体10G5阻断配体诱导的Axl下游的信号传导
使用人宫颈癌来源的细胞系HeLa(CCL-2TM)进行实验。使细胞在T175烧瓶中,在补充有10%FBS,青霉素-链霉素和L-谷氨酰胺的MEM培养基(Sigma)中生长至80%的融合状态。将细胞用PBS洗涤,通过用0.25%的胰蛋白酶/EDTA(Sigma)处理而分离,随后将其离心并重悬浮于新鲜的培养基(MEM/0.5%FBS)中。在补充有10%FBS的MEM培养基中将细胞接种在陪替氏培养皿中(每个皿3×106个细胞)。在37℃培养3小时后,用PBS洗涤细胞并将其在饥饿培养基(MEM/0.5%FBS)中保持过夜。将细胞与浓度为1μg/mL的抗Axl抗体10G5预培养1小时,然后用浓度为10μg/mL的Axl配体,即重组小鼠Gas6(R&D Systems)刺激20分钟。如实施例9所述制备细胞裂解物,使用抗磷酸化Akt(Ser473)抗体(CellSignaling)、然后使用山羊的抗兔辣根过氧化物酶(Jackson ImmunoResearch)进行蛋白质印迹分析;抗磷酸化Akt不区分AKT1、AKT2和AKT3,因此在印迹中显示出的是“磷酸化Akt”的总水平。使用抗GAPDH抗体(Millipore)进行检测作为负载对照。
图9所示的结果表明,Axl特异性配体Gas6在HeLa细胞中诱导强的Axl信号传导(其使用下游的Ser473处的Akt磷酸化作为读数)。在抗体10G5的存在下,该信号传导可显著降低。
实施例11:小鼠单克隆抗体10G5的测序
在标准条件下繁殖杂交瘤细胞。根据标准方案使用5x106个杂交瘤细胞进行mRNA分离和cDNA合成。对于编码重链和轻链可变区(分别为VH和VL)的基因的PCR扩增,使用小鼠IgG库引物组(Progen,Heidelberg,Germany,产品目录号F2010)。
对于杂交瘤10G5,使用不同引物组合的PCR扩增导致,对于VH基因使用6种不同引物组合由PCR产生了12个序列,且对于VL基因使用2种不同引物组合由PCR产生了5个序列。选择克隆物VH1(B6-4)和Vκ2(F1-3)的序列做进一步工作,这是基于通过与IMGT数据库的核苷酸比对所测定的与相应种系序列的最高同源性。
抗体10G5的VH和VL结构域的推定氨基酸序列示于图10中。
实施例12:产生和测试嵌合单克隆抗体10G5
从鼠杂交瘤10G5取回的VH和VL序列被用于产生具有密码子优化的合成基因,以在哺乳动物细胞(GeneArt)中表达。在适于哺乳动物细胞中产生抗体的表达载体中,这些小鼠VH和VL基因与分别编码人IgG1重链和轻链(C-κ)的恒定结构域的遗传元件在框内连接。嵌合(小鼠可变/人恒定)IgG1抗体的产生通过在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中瞬时表达、接着使用蛋白A亲和色谱法纯化来实现。
在流式细胞术中分析纯化的嵌合抗体(>95%纯度)与Axl阳性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的结合。为了比较,使用亲本小鼠MAb 10G5。对于流式细胞术,用PBS洗涤培养物中的粘附细胞,通过胰蛋白酶(0.25%)处理1分钟而分离,并且击打培养皿以完全分离。通过向组织培养瓶中添加完全培养基、接着用PBS洗涤细胞而猝灭胰蛋白酶。在洗涤步骤期间,通过200g离心5分钟收集细胞。稀释抗体达到在PBS中含有0.02%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的总浓度。在室温下使用200μL包含105个细胞的细胞悬浮液进行细胞染色20分钟。分别用APC缀合的驴抗人或抗小鼠IgG(H+L)F(ab’)2片段(Jackson ImmunoResearch)检测细胞结合的抗体。用PBS/0.02%BSA进行两个洗涤步骤之后,细胞重新悬浮于200μL并且在Accuri C6流式细胞仪(BD Biosciences)上分析之前保持在冰上。图11所示的结果证明,在流式细胞术中,嵌合抗体与Axl阳性的MDA-MB-231细胞强烈结合。
此外,使用Biacore 3000仪(GE Healthcare)和以1,308.0RU的表面密度涂覆有人Axl(rhAxl-Fc嵌合体;R&D Systems,目录号154-AL)的传感器芯片CM5测试嵌合抗体c10G5的Axl结合特性。使用结合分析向导以自动模式执行Biacore运行。在HBS-EP缓冲液(GEHealthcare)中将包含浓度为10μg/mL的嵌合抗体c10G5或它们的鼠对应物的样品以30μL/min的流速注射到具有固定抗原的表面上达3分钟(缔合),然后解离5分钟。
图12所示的结果表明,嵌合抗体c10G5与被固定的Axl结合,其结合谱与源自杂交瘤10G5y的相应小鼠抗体的结合谱非常相似。
实施例13:嵌合抗体10G5以与亲本小鼠抗体相同的亲和力结合Axl
在25℃下使用Biacore 3000仪器(GE Healthcare)通过表面等离子体共振测量进行嵌合的抗Axl抗体c10G5的亲和力测定。使用具有密度为190RU的固定rhAxl-Fc嵌合体(R&D Systems,产品目录号154-AL)的传感器芯片CM5作为固体抗原涂布表面。
对于动力学测量而言,按30μL/分钟的流速注射在HBS-EP缓冲液(Biacore,产品目录号BR-1001-88)中不同浓度的抗Axl抗体(0.3至333.3nM),注射时间3分钟,接着解离5分钟(单独的缓冲液)。每个循环之后,通过按50μL/分钟的流速注射30秒的再生液(10mM HCl、1M NaCl)使表面再生。
传质对照实验证明对于嵌合MAb c10G5而言不存在明显的传质限制。
使用BIA评估软件和1:1朗缪尔结合模型计算动力学结合(结合率,k结合)和解离(解离率,k解离)速率。按k解离/k结合比率计算平衡解离常数(KD)。按In2/k解离比率计算形成的抗体-抗原复合物的半衰期(t1/2)。
如图13所示,嵌合MAb c10G5在亚纳摩尔浓度范围内展示出高亲和力(KD值为0.10nM),略高于亲本鼠抗体的亲和力(参见实施例5)。
实施例14:嵌合抗体10G5在人类非小细胞肺癌的鼠模型中抑制肿瘤生长
为了评估体内抗Axl嵌合抗体的抗肿瘤活性,我们使用人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的小鼠异种移植模型。在DMEM培养基中,将人NSCLC A549细胞(ATCC#CCL-185)在体外作为单层培养物繁殖,其中所述培养基补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素、0.01M HEPES缓冲液、0.45%D-(+)-葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠。将重悬浮于无血清培养基/Matrigel(1:1)中的5×106个A549细胞皮下(s.c.)注入裸鼠侧腹中。当肿瘤尺寸达到100mm3(图14中的第0天)时,将动物随机分配并通过用20mg/kg的载体(无菌PBS)或抗Axl嵌合抗体10G5进行腹膜内(i.p.)注射来处理动物,每周两次,持续4周。
如图14所示,与对照相比,嵌合抗体10G5显著减弱了A549肿瘤的生长(P<0.01,通过双因素ANOVA确定);在治疗四周后观察到约40%的抑制。
实施例15:嵌合抗体10G5在人类急性髓性白血病的小鼠异种移植模型中抑制肿瘤
生长
为了评估抗Axl嵌合抗体在血液癌模型中的抗肿瘤活性,我们使用人急性髓性白血病(AML)的小鼠异种移植模型。将人AML Mv4-11细胞(ATCC#CRL-9591)在IMDM培养基中悬浮繁殖,其中所述培养基补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素。将重悬浮于无血清IMDM培养基和Matrigel(1:1)的混合物中的5×106个Mv4-11细胞皮下(s.c.)注入裸鼠侧腹中。当肿瘤尺寸达到200mm3(图15中的第0天)时,将动物随机分配并通过用30mg/kg的载体(无菌PBS)或抗Axl嵌合抗体10G5进行腹膜内(i.p.)注射来处理动物,每周两次,持续4周。
如图15所示,与对照相比,嵌合抗体10G5显著减弱了Mv4-11肿瘤的生长(P<0.0001,通过双因素ANOVA确定);在治疗三周后观察到约75%的抑制。
实施例16:相比于c10G5,脱岩藻糖基化的被糖蛋白工程化(glycoengineered)的
c10G5(Glymax)在人非小细胞肺癌的小鼠模型中显示增强的抗肿瘤效果
裸的抗Axl抗体可以通过抑制靶受体的特异性信号通路和/或通过其效应功能(例如抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC)、补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)和/或抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用(ADCP))的肿瘤细胞杀伤来防止肿瘤生长。缺乏核心岩藻糖基化的抗体显示出显著增强的抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)和增加的抗肿瘤活性的功效。
为了评估嵌合抗体c10G5的两种变体(野生型和脱岩藻糖基化)的抗肿瘤活性,我们使用人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的小鼠异种移植模型。在DMEM培养基中,将人NSCLC A549细胞(ATCC#CCL-185)在体外作为单层培养物繁殖,其中所述培养基补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素、0.01M HEPES缓冲液、0.45%D-(+)-葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠。将重悬浮于无血清培养基/Matrigel(1:1)中的5×106个A549细胞皮下(s.c.)注入SCID鼠的侧腹中。当肿瘤尺寸达到130mm3(图15中的第0天)时,将动物随机分配并通过用30mg/kg的抗Axl c10G5或Glymax-c10G5进行腹膜内(i.p.)注射来处理动物,每周两次,持续4周。
如图16所示,与c10G5相比,抗体Glymax-c10G5显著减弱了A549肿瘤的生长(P<0.0001,通过双因素ANOVA确定)。嵌合10G5的野生型和脱岩藻糖基化形式的活性间的显著差异表明了抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC)在抑制肿瘤生长中的重要性。
实施例17:hu10G5 H2L1在人类非小细胞肺癌的小鼠模型中抑制肿瘤生长
hu10G5 H2L1为10G5的人源化变体;该抗体具有鼠10G5的CDR和结合特异性,但在V结构域框架区内具有多个取代。为了评估hu10G5 H2L1的体内抗肿瘤活性,我们使用人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的小鼠异种移植模型。在DMEM培养基中,将人NSCLC A549细胞(ATCC#CCL-185)在体外作为单层培养物繁殖,其中所述培养基补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素、0.01M HEPES缓冲液、0.45%D-(+)-葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠。将重悬浮于无血清培养基/Matrigel(1:1)中的5×106个A549细胞皮下(s.c.)注入SCID鼠的侧腹中。当肿瘤尺寸达到100mm3(图16中的第18天)时,将动物随机分配并通过用30mg/kg的载体(SYNAGIS)或抗Axl hu10G5 H2L1进行腹膜内(i.p.)注射来处理动物,每周两次,持续2周。
如图17所示,与对照相比,抗体hu10G5H2L1显著减弱了A549肿瘤的生长(P<0.051,通过双因素ANOVA确定)。在治疗两周后观察到约25%的抑制。
实施例18:被糖蛋白工程化的hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)增强抗EGFR治疗对人类非小
细胞肺癌的小鼠模型中肿瘤生长的影响
hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)是具有10G5的CDR以及结合特异性的人源化和脱岩藻糖基化抗体。为了评估hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)的体内抗肿瘤活性,我们使用人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的小鼠异种移植模型。在DMEM培养基中,将人NSCLC A549细胞(ATCC#CCL-185)在体外作为单层培养物繁殖,其中所述培养基补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素、0.01M HEPES缓冲液、0.45%D-(+)-葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠。将重悬浮于无血清培养基/Matrigel(1:1)中的5×106个A549细胞皮下(s.c.)注入NUDE鼠的侧腹中。当肿瘤尺寸达到100mm3(图18中的第0天)时,将动物随机分配并通过用载体(SYNAGIS)、Erbitux(20mg/kg)或hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)(15mg/kg或30mg/kg,单独或组合给药)处理。通过腹膜内(i.p.)注射来给药抗体,每周两次,持续3周。
如图18所示,hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)显示出中度抗肿瘤活性,与抗-EEG治疗性抗体西妥昔单抗(Erbitux)的抗肿瘤作用非常相似。然而,对于作为单一试剂使用的两种抗体,与用亚型对照抗体(Synagis)处理的小鼠组相比,观察到的效果在统计学上并不显著。与亚型对照处理的动物相比,两种抗体的组合导致显著的肿瘤生长延缓(P<0.0001;通过双因素ANOVA测定)。与单独用hu10G5(H1L1-GLYMAXX)抗体或Erbitux治疗的组相比,效果也很显著(P<0.05;通过双因素ANOVA确定)。
实施例19:人源化H2L1和H1L1 10G5抗体的亲和力测定
c10G5相对人源化10G5变体在流式细胞术上的结合分析。在AXL+和AXL-细胞上滴定IgG。
对于流式细胞术,用PBS洗涤培养物中的贴壁细胞,用胰蛋白酶(0.25%)处理1分钟以分离。通过以200g离心5分钟收集细胞。在含有0.2%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的PBS中将抗体稀释至总浓度。使用200μL包含200000个细胞的细胞悬液在室温下进行细胞染色30分钟。用APC缀合的驴抗人IgG(H+L)F(ab’)2片段(Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories#709-136-149,1:400稀释)检测细胞结合的抗体。在用PBS/0.2%BSA洗涤两次后,将细胞重悬于200μL PBS中并保持在冰上,然后在Fortessa流式细胞仪(BD Biosciences)上分析。
如下表3和图19A和B所示,人源化10G5抗体在亚纳摩尔范围内表现出高亲和力。
表3
实施例20:人源化H2L1和H1L1 10G5抗体的细胞杀伤活性
使用抗体-皂草素缀合物杀死肿瘤细胞。比较嵌合的10G5和两种人源化10G5变体。
为了产生免疫毒素,使用FabFc-ZAP人缀合物(4.5nM终浓度)(AdvancedTargeting Systems,产品目录号IT-65)将嵌合MAb非共价偶联至植物毒素皂草素。使用Axl阳性肿瘤细胞系MDA-MB-231(人三阴性乳腺癌)测试chAb-皂草素内化对肿瘤细胞活力的影响。在补充有10%FBS、L-谷氨酰胺(4mM)、链霉素(5μg/ml)和青霉素(5U/ml)的DMEM/F-12培养基中,在96孔板中每孔接种800个细胞,并允许附着16个小时。将细胞与不同稀释度的免疫毒素chAb-皂草素一起培养72小时。通过使用微板读取器(BMG LABTECH)进行XTT/PMS测定来确定细胞的活力。
图20中显示的结果证明基于10G5的免疫毒素具有良好的内化和非常强的细胞杀伤效力,其EC50值(导致杀死50%细胞的有效浓度)在皮摩尔范围内。
未缀合的皂草素和与皂草素偶联的亚型对照抗体(人IgG1)(对照SAP)被用作阴性对照。导致50%细胞杀伤的有效浓度(EC 50,pM)显示在下表4中。
表4
实施例21:10G5与现有技术抗AXL抗体的比较
Genentech抗体YW327.6S2:结合的表位
直接BiaCore竞争结合分析证明10G5不与Genentech抗体YW327.6S2竞争结合Axl。这表明两种抗体结合不同的表位。
材料/设备
1.抗AXL单克隆抗体(都在PBS中):
1)c10G5(126,MAB-G,Evitria,Lot#3439)4.6mg/mL
2)YW327.6S2-var(153,CONTR-1,Evitria,Lot#3537)4.5mg/mL
2.传感器芯片CM5#5,具有固定的Hu-Axl-Fc(661.9RU)、hu-EGFR-Fc(548.5RU),单-AXL(776.6RU)
3.运行缓冲液(HBS-EP)Biacore;Cat.#BR-1001-88;Lot.
#10213176
4.塑料瓶7mm(0.8mL) Biacore;Cat.#BR-1002-12
5.再生液: 10mM HCl,1M NaCl
6.Biacore 3000 GE Healthcare
方法
1.将所有抗体在HBS-EP中稀释至100μg/mL(666.7nM):
1)c10G5 25μL+1mL
2)YW327.6S2-var 37.5μL+1.5mL
2.在仪器控制软件中,使用以下模板:
测定原理:直接结合
注射:
·使用流动池:2个,其中1个作为参照
·流速:30(μL/min)
·注射次数:2
·第一样品:
o注射时间:3(min)
o注射后的等待时间:2.5(min)
·第二样品:
o注射时间:3(min)
o注射后的等待时间:2.5(min)
周期:
运行顺序:按照输入
再生:
·单一注射
·再生流速:50(μL/min)
·溶液:10mM HCl,1M NaCl
·注射时间:30(s)
·Predip.针:无
·再生后的稳定时间:2(min)
3.在该天的结束:解吸(3mL BIA解吸溶液1,3mL BIA解吸溶液2)。
4.在该周的结束:消毒(0.525mL BIA消毒剂溶液+6.475mL ddH20,0.005%表面活性剂P20)。
5.将曲线导出为文本文件。使用Prism软件(GraphPad,San Diego,CA)打开并分析传感图
结果
通过以足以在1-2分钟内达到平台的浓度注射第一样品(MAb c10G5或YW327.6S2-var)且然后注射MAb YW327.6S2-var作为第二样品来进行竞争性结合分析(图21A)。
在实验的第二部分中,注射抗体YW327.6S2-var作为第一样品,然后注射抗体YW327.6S2-var或c10G5作为第二样品(图21B)。
结论
结果证明Genentech抗体YW327.6S2可以在c10G5抗体存在下结合人AXL。因此,YW327.6S2和10G5抗体识别不同的表位。
与它们与不同表位的结合一致,10G5和YW327.6S2显示不同的物种交叉反应性:YW327.6S2与人和鼠Axl交叉反应(参见Oncogene(2010)29,5254-5264,第5255页,左栏),而10G5显示与鼠Ax1没有显著结合(参见实施例3)。
Genentech抗体YW327.6S2:细胞杀伤
如实施例20中所述使用抗体-皂草素缀合物进行肿瘤细胞杀伤。进行人源化10G5和YW327.6S2的两种变体的比较。结果如下表5所示。
H1L1 | H2L1 | YW327.6S2 | 皂草素 | 对照SAP | |
EC50(pM) | 17.13 | 2.664 | 33.25 | 246564 | 8.981 |
表5
INSERM抗体D9和E8
与10G5不同,Oncogene 33,5405-5414(2014年11月20日,doi:10.1038/onc.2013.487)中描述的‘D9’和‘E8’抗体不抑制GAS6与Axl的结合。这表明D9和E8抗体不与10G5结合相同的表位。
U3
Pharma
11B7抗体
WO 2009062690A1中描述的11B7抗体未显示抑制GAS6配体与受体Ax1的结合。这表明11B7抗体不与10G5结合相同的表位。
实施例22:10G5与现有技术抗AXL抗体的进一步比较
比较的抗体
对实施例21中描述的一些抗Axl抗体进行进一步测试。测试的抗体是:
Hu10G5
Hu10G5
嵌合WO2016/097370
YW327.6S2[Genentech]
Chugai Pharmaceutical‘H9-L0’抗Axl,US2012/0121587(SEQ ID NO.3和65)
INSERM抗Axl D4,WO2016/091891(VH=SEQ ID NO.1,VL=SEQ ID NO.2)
U3 Pharma‘11D5’抗Axl,WO2009/062690A1
嵌合1H12,WO2015/193428
*相同抗体序列,不同制剂
相同CDR序列
结合竞争测试
目标
要确定上述抗体是否:
(1)结合相同或重叠的表位;和
(2)与Gas6竞争结合Axl。
材料
上述抗体。
rhGas6配体
传感器芯片,具有固定的Axl:Hs-Axl-Fc(638.2RU),Mm-Axl-Fc(334.5RU),Rhe-Axl-Fc(350.2RU)
缓冲剂、溶液和Biacore设备如实施例21所述。
方法
通用的
在该实验中,允许第一抗体结合至饱和。然后施加第二抗体并监测其结合能力。
如果第二抗体识别与第一抗体相同(或重叠)的表位,则将阻断结合。如果第二抗体识别不同的表位,那么将在与没有第一抗体存在时相同的水平检测结合。
还使用HBS-EP中10μg/mL的Gas6测试了Gas6阻断抗体结合的能力。
所有测试均在Hs-Axl-Fc、Mm-Axl-Fc和Rhe-Axl-Fc表面上平行进行。
有关测试对的列表,请参见图1(在此列表中,Contr-1错误标记为YW367而不是YW327.6S2var)。所有抗体均为在HBS-EP中的25μg/mL。
步骤
1.制备溶液:
2.在25℃进行Biacore实验。
3.在仪器控制软件中选择直接结合,然后选择如下所示的两次进样的设置。
4.将溶液置于适当的试剂架位置,使样品含量和推荐体积与由BIAcore软件建议的所指示的架位置相匹配。
5.存储模板和结果文件,开始分析。
测试原理
测试原理:
·直接结合
注射
使用流动池:2、3、4,其中1为参照
流速:20(μL/min)
注射次数:2
第一样品:
注射时间:3(min)
注射后的等待时间:2.5(min)
第二样品:
注射时间:4(min)
注射后的等待时间:2.5(min)
周期
运行顺序:按照输入
Repl.第一样品 第二样品
根据需要,在两种配置中测试每对Ab对,
即第一A、第二B和第一B、第二A
结果
典型的Biacore响应图显示在图21中。指示每次注射的开始,以及它们相应的响应。还指示了每次注射时使用的蛋白质。在每次测试后成功进行再生阶段,但为了清楚起见,从图21中修整了迹线。
与先前的结果一致,仅YW327.6S2与小鼠Axl-Fc结合。所有抗体与人Axl-Fc和恒河猴Axl-Fc的结合产生定性相似的结果。
Chugai和INSERM在所有条件下显示出较弱的结合,INSERM显示没有可检测的结合(表明Ab的缺陷批次)。Chugai结合足够强以评估结合的表位。下表总结了当另一种蛋白质已经与固定的Axl-Fc结合时第二种蛋白质结合的能力。如果第二种蛋白质的结合不受第一种蛋白质的存在的影响,则它们具有独立的表位,而如果第一种蛋白质阻断第二种蛋白质的结合,则表位必定重叠或靠近在一起。
如所预期的,由于它们是相同抗体序列的不同制剂,因此H2L1和H2L1-prep2具有重叠的表位。
在H2L1和YW327.6S2或U3的之间未观察到结合竞争,表明它们具有不同的表位。虽然Chugai的结合很弱,但数据表明它也不与H2L1共享表位。
当第一种蛋白质是Gas6时,数据表明Gas6阻断H2L1、H2L1 prep2和YW327.6S2的结合。Gas6不会阻断Chugai或U3的结合。
在1H12与YW327.6S2或10G5的之间未观察到结合竞争,表明它们结合不同的表位。
结论
H2L1与固定的Axl-Fc的结合对YW327.6S2、U3或Chugai的结合没有影响。
在任何条件下均未观察到INSERM的结合,表明Ab的缺陷批次。
Gas6与固定的AxlFc的结合抑制了随后的H2L1、H2L1-prep2和YW327.6S2的结合。Gas 6结合不抑制Chugai或U3的结合。
因此,H2L1结合的表位不同于YW327.6S2、Chugai和U3结合的表位。
在该测定中没有获得INSERM抗体的结果。然而,如上所述,Oncogene 33,5405-5414(2014年11月20日,doi:10.1038/onc.2013.487)中描述的INSERM‘D9’和‘E8’抗体不抑制GAS6与Ax1的结合。这表明D9和E8抗体不与H2L1或YW327.6S2结合相同的表位。
因此,该测定与公开的结合数据的组合证明H2L1抗体结合的表位在所测试的那些中是新表位,并且H2L1抗体进一步是抑制Axl-配体Gas6与Axl结合的仅两种抗体(与YW327.6S2)之一。
AXL活化的抑制
目标
为了评估各种Axl抑制剂减少Axl活化的水平,通过抑制酪氨酸866(Y866),Axl已知的自身磷酸化位点之一进行评估(其他包括Y779和Y821-参见Oncotarget.2014年10月;5(20):9546–9563;doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2542及其中引用的参考文献)。
裂解物制备
1.在14个10厘米的培养皿中接种HeLa细胞。
a.每培养皿300万个细胞。
2.培养细胞直至附着。
3.去除培养基并用PBS洗涤细胞。
4.使细胞在0.5%FBS培养基中进行血清饥饿(serum starve)。
a.对于HeLa用0.5%MEM,
b.O/N,至少24小时饥饿。
5.用抗Axl抗体在6ml新鲜0.5%MEM中培养细胞1小时。
a.BGB324(CAS=1037624-75-1,UNII=0ICW2LX8AS):0.2μM,
b.H2L1-Evitra*:50μg/ml,
c.H2L1-Catalent*:50μg/ml,
d.YW327.6S2:50μg/ml,
*相同序列,不同制剂。
6.在每个10cm培养皿用6ml总培养基中的0.01μg/ml rhGas6刺激指定的平板。
a.rhGas6刺激0.01ug/ml
7.设置:使各自在26ml 0.5%MEM中:
#1.饥饿
#2.rhGas6刺激(0.01μg/ml)
#3.rhGas6刺激+用BGB324 0.2μM预培养
#4.rhGas6刺激+用H2L1-Evitra:50μg/ml预培养
#5.rhGas6刺激+用H2L1-Catalent:50μg/ml预培养
#6.rhGas6刺激+用YW327.6S2 50μg/ml预培养
#7.BGB324 0.2μM单独
#8.H2L1-Evitra:50μg/ml单独
#9.H2L1-Catalent:50μg/ml单独
#10.YW327.6S2 50μg/ml单独
8.通过在冰上裂解细胞来停止反应。
9.用冷PBS洗涤。
10.添加RIPA缓冲液(加上磷酸酶抑制剂)。
a.100ul/皿。
11.从盘中刮去细胞。
12.在冰上培养5-10分钟。
13.以13,000rpm离心5-10分钟(冷)。
14.将上清液转移到新管中。
15.通过ELISA测量磷酸化蛋白。
ELISA测量
Axl蛋白使用BerGenBio的单克隆小鼠抗HsAxl抗体5F11作为捕获抗体,且将亲和力选择的多克隆兔抗磷酸化Axl抗体(pAxl-Y866-16)作为检测抗体。
材料
·Nunc MaxiSorp 96C板
·Tris-缓冲盐水(TBS)pH7.6
·吐温20(Sigma)
·洗涤缓冲液(TBS+0.05%吐温20)
·胎牛血清(FBS)(Sigma)
·单克隆小鼠抗HsAxl抗体5F11,3.6mg/ml储液(BerGenBio)。
·多克隆兔抗Hs-磷酸化-Y866 Axl抗体pAxl-Y866-16,1.0mg/ml(BerGenBio)。使用在TBS+10% FBS中1:1000稀释物
·HRP-缀合的山羊抗兔第二抗体(Jackson Labs 111-035-144)。在TBS+10% FBS中以1:2000使用
·重组人AxlFc嵌合体(AxlFc标准)(R&D Systems,154-AL-100)
·缀合至磷酸化-Axl肽的重组人AxlFc嵌合体(pAxlFc标准)(BerGenBio)
·0.2M碳酸钠缓冲液pH9.4
·TMB储液(10mg/ml 3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺,Sigma T2885在DMSO中)
·100mM乙酸钠pH6
·1M H2SO4
·30%过氧化氢溶液
·裂解物:如上所述制备。对于HeLa细胞,1.5mg/ml的总蛋白质浓度给出强烈信号。
·具有450nm吸光度的微孔板读数器。应减去595nm处的吸光度(如果有的话)以减少背景,但效果是微不足道的。
任选:Thermo Multidrop Combi,用于使用清洗液快速填充96孔板。
方案
准备板
·将每孔100μl的3.6μg/ml捕获抗体5F11(在pH 9.4的0.2M碳酸氢钠中稀释)加入到96孔MaxiSorp C板中,并在4℃下培养过夜。
·用在Tris缓冲盐水中的10%胎牛血清完全填充孔,用箔密封板并在37℃下封闭4-5小时。
准备和添加样品
·准备一系列AxlFc标准品和pAxlFc标准品(约60ng/ml至2pg/ml的范围,稀释3倍),并与裂解物在同一缓冲液中。
·从板中丢弃封闭溶液,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤两次(完全填充孔,然后通过轻弹板丢弃)。
·适当时,向孔中加入标准品和裂解物(最小50μl/孔,优选100μl/孔)
·密封板并在4℃下培养过夜。
·添加检测抗体。
·用洗涤缓冲液洗涤板两次。
·加入100μl/孔的检测抗体(pAxl-Y866-16)。
·在室温下在加湿室中培养2-3小时。
·添加第二抗体。
·用洗涤缓冲液洗涤板两次。
·加入100μl/孔HRP-缀合的山羊抗兔抗体。
·在室温下在加湿室中培养2小时。
显影
·准备新鲜的底物溶液:
100μl 10mg/ml TMB储备溶液;
10μl 30%过氧化氢溶液;
9.9ml 100mM乙酸钠pH6;
任选:通过添加1μl剩余的HRP-缀合的检测抗体混合物来测试小体积的底物溶液(步骤12)。颜色应该迅速变为深蓝色。
1.用洗涤缓冲液洗涤板3次。
2.每孔加入100μl底物溶液。
3.显影30分钟并用50μl/孔1M H2SO4停止反应。
4.在450nm的吸光度下,在微板读取器上读取板。减去595nm处的吸光度(如果有的话)。
结果
讨论
在H2L1制剂或BGB324的存在下用Gas6刺激的细胞裂解物得到pAXL读数(0.040、0.055、0.045),其显著低于Gas6刺激的对照细胞(0.077);H2L1-Evitria和BGB324特别低,读数与饥饿对照相当(0.44)。
相反,pAx1结果表明YW327.6S2var抗体强烈激活Axl自身磷酸化,单独的YW327.6S2var给出的pAx1读数为0.092-高于Gas6刺激的对照细胞(0.077)。
单独使用抗体或使用Gas6观察到的类似读数与竞争研究一致,表明H2L1和YW327.6S2var均与Gas6竞争结合Axl。
纤维化测试中的活性
目标
评估各种Axl抑制剂降低纤维化模型中促纤维化标记物活性的水平。该模型利用LX2细胞-人来源的肝星状细胞系-并监测细胞外基质蛋白α-SMA和Col1A1(参见,例如,Matrix Biology,第34卷,2014年2月,第170-178页;doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2013.11.002)、促炎MCP1(J Interferon Cytokine Res.2009Jun;29(6):313–326;doi:10.1089/jir.2008.0027)和细胞因子TGF-β(涉及炎症环境中的过度的组织损伤-参见Curr Opin Pharmacol.2009年8月;9(4):447-53;doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.04.008)的表达。
材料和方法
细胞系和处理:
使用LX2细胞;这是人来源的肝星状细胞的细胞系,如Gut(2005)54(1):142-51.doi:10.1136/gut.2004.042127中首次描述的。在DMEM/10%FBS中常规培养LX2细胞。
活力测定:
基于四唑鎓的MTT测定法被用于确定细胞死亡。简言之,将每孔约2x104个细胞接种于96孔组织培养板中,并在用不同浓度的BGB324、嵌合1H12 Ab(参见WO2015/193428)、H2L1-prep2和YW327.6S2var Ab进行适当的o/n处理后,加入10μl MTT试剂(PBS中5mg/ml),将板培养约2小时。之后除去培养基,用100μl 1-丙醇溶解甲瓒,并用分光光度计在570和630nm的波长下定量。
Axl阻断抗体阻断LX2细胞中Axl依赖性AKT活化的作用:
在DMEM/10%FBS中将细胞接种在12孔/板(2x105细胞/孔),使其附着并生长>24小时。在实验之前,将细胞在无FBS的DMEM中放置过夜,用不同浓度(10-50μg/ml)的BGB324、H2L1-prep2或YW327.6S2var阻断抗体预处理1小时,然后用预先聚集的抗Axl活化抗体(1H12 Ab,1μg/mL)刺激15分钟。通过在丝氨酸473上的Akt磷酸化读出Axl活化(Western印迹)。
蛋白质分析:
将细胞在RIPA缓冲液(150mM NaCl,1.0% CA-630,0.5%脱氧胆酸钠,0.1% SDS,50mM Tris,pH 8.0.,Sigma-ALDRICH)中裂解,该缓冲液补充有抗蛋白酶和抗磷酸酶(PMSF,原钒酸钠,蛋白酶抑制剂混合物和氟化钠),调节至1×Laemmli上样缓冲液,超声处理并离心。将20-30μl样品进行8%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,然后转移到硝酸纤维素膜上。将膜在5%BSA-FAF中封闭,并在TBS Tween缓冲液中洗涤,然后用Pierce-ECL western印迹底物显色。
使用的抗体是p-AKT(p-Akt1/2/3(C-11)),1:200,在5%BSA/TBS-T中,o/n在4℃;AKT(1:200),然后是抗小鼠m-IgGκBP-HRP(1:2000,1h,RT);抗AKT(Akt1/2/3(H-136)),1:400,1h,室温,然后是抗兔-IgG-HRP(1:20000,1h,RT)。
Axl阻断抗体对LX2细胞活化特征的影响:
在DMEM/10%FBS中将细胞接种在12孔/板(2x105细胞/孔)中,使其附着并生长>24小时。
实验前,将细胞在无FBS的DMEM中放置过夜,用BGB324、H2L1-prep2或YW327.6S2var阻断抗体(50μg/ml)预处理1小时,然后用预聚集的抗Axl活化抗体(嵌合1H12Ab,1μg/mL)刺激。
用TRIzol试剂分离总RNA。按照制造商的说明,使用iScript cDNA合成试剂盒(BioRad)将总RNA逆转录为互补DNA(cDNA)。管家基因18S和RPII被用作标准化的参考基因,H2O用作阴性对照。
为分析LX2激活特征,分析α-SMA、TGF-β、COL1A1和MCP1的mRNA表达。
使用1H12聚集抗体激活Axl
Axl的活化通常通过用其配体Gas6处理Axl来实现。然而,作为Gas6的替代物,通过用1H12聚集抗体处理可以强烈且一致地激活Axl。
Gas6或交联抗体对Axl的活化导致Akt的磷酸化。通过与嵌合1H12的交联刺激Axl信号传导产生比用重组Axl配体Gas6刺激更强的Akt活化。通过与mAb 1H12的交联对Axl信号传导的刺激可被BGB324抑制。
比较Gas6和1H12,Gas6对Akt磷酸化的刺激弱于1H12。1H12的刺激在蛋白质印迹分析中显示出对pAkt活性的良好表现,对BGB324具有明显的反应。如实施例21中所述,1H12抗体与YW327.6S2var或H2L1-prep2抗体结合不同表位。因此,可以使用1H12激活Axl而不阻碍YW327.6S2var或H2L1-prep2 Axl结合。
结果
所得结果示于图22。
讨论
对于所有四种测定标记物,在暴露于活化的1H12抗体之前用H2L1-prep2处理的细胞一致显示出与未刺激的对照细胞相似的表达水平。
相反,在用YW327.6S2var抗体预处理后,观察到所有四种测定标记物的表达水平升高。
NSCLC异种移植模型中的活性
目标
在裸小鼠中的A549人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)异种移植模型中比较抗Axl功能-阻断抗体脱岩藻糖基化嵌合10G5(GlymaxX-c10G5)和Genentech的抗Axl人抗体的变体(YW327.6S2var)的抗肿瘤活性。
实验步骤
材料
实验动物
物种/菌株:小家鼠(mus musculus)/Hsd:无胸腺裸-Foxn1nu
来源:Harlan Laboratories
性别:雌性
重量:植入当天为20-30克
年龄:随机化当天至少6周龄
动物识别:笼号和耳朵缺口
细胞和细胞培养
源自ATCC的A549细胞(CCL-185)。
DMEM培养基,补充有10%FBS,2mM L-谷氨酰胺,100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素,0.01M HEPES缓冲液,0.45%D-(+)-葡萄糖,1mM丙酮酸钠。
0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA,Sigma,Cat#SLBD8049。
BD MatrigelTM Basement Membrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced,BDBioscience,Cat#354230,Lot#2229975。
药物
亚型对照:XolairTM奥马珠单抗(Novartis Europharm Ltd,UK;Lot No.S2085),150mg/mL。
抗AXL抗体:
1.嵌合(鼠可变/人恒定)脱岩藻糖基化IgG1 c10G5(MAb-GGlymaxX;Evitria,LotNo.3556),6.4mg/mL。
2.人YW327.6S2var(CONTR-1;Evitria,Lot No.3537),4.5mg/mL。
药物准备:
每组共9只小鼠需要药物:为每组准备10只小鼠的药物
每只小鼠250μL×10=总共准备2.5mL
·GlymaxX-c10G5:通过与1328μL无菌PBS混合,稀释1172μL 6.4mg/mL GlymaxX储液,得到2.5mL 3mg/ml给药溶液。抗体储液将保持在-80℃。取出后,抗体将在室温解冻,并立即放在冰上。将抗体药物溶液保持在冰上直至给药。任何剩余的抗体药物溶液将保持在4℃。
·人MAb YW327.6S2var:将1667μL 4.5mg/ml CONTR-1储液与833μL无菌PBS混合得到2.5mL 3mg/mL给药溶液。抗体储液将保持在-80℃。取出后,抗体将在室温解冻,并立即放在冰上。将抗体药物溶液保持在冰上直至给药。任何剩余的抗体药物溶液将保持在4℃。
·XolairTM奥马珠单抗:获得2.5mL 3mg/mL的药物溶液,在2490μL无菌PBS中稀释50μL抗体储液。根据制造商的建议,将抗体储液保持在4℃。
方法
细胞培养
在补充有10%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素、0.01MHEPES缓冲液、0.45% D-(+)-葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠的DMEM培养基中,将A549细胞作为单层培养物在体外保持。
当处于指数生长期时,收获细胞并在肿瘤接种前计数。简言之,用无菌PBS洗涤亚融合培养的A549细胞,并用0.25%(w/v)胰蛋白酶溶液从烧瓶上分离。将分离的细胞洗涤一次并以4×107个细胞/ml重悬浮于无血清DMEM培养基中并在BD MatrigelTMBasementMembrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced中以1:1稀释。每个肿瘤注射总共4×106个细胞。使用台盼蓝排除法测定细胞活力。
皮下肿瘤接种
将每只小鼠用0.1ml的在含有50%matrigel的无血清DMEM培养基中的约4×107个细胞/ml的A549细胞皮下接种到右侧腹中(附件1)。在肿瘤细胞接种后24天当肿瘤达到125mm3的平均体积时,开始治疗被接种A549细胞的小鼠。每个治疗组包括9只携肿瘤小鼠。
实验组的分配
在开始治疗之前,称重动物并且每周测量肿瘤体积两次。由于肿瘤体积可影响任何给定治疗的有效性,因此使用拉丁方阵方法将小鼠分组。基于肿瘤体积随机化并且确保每只动物具有被分配为给定治疗的相同概率,因此,系统误差减少并且治疗组在基线处具有可比性。将45只动物随机分成5个治疗组。
给药
在适当的日子,每只动物接受以下剂量的特定量的亚型对照抗体(XolairTM)或抗Axl抗体:30mg/kg,3mg/ml,每两周施用一次,×5周,在第38天安乐死。给药为IP,并且给药体积为10ml/kg,通过30号针头。
临床观察
在常规监测时,检查动物肿瘤生长或治疗对正常行为的任何影响,例如活动性、脱水、体重增加/减少、眼睛消光(eye matting)和任何其他异常效应。记录死亡和观察到的临床症状。每天记录非禁食体重。
肿瘤测量和终点
肿瘤测量:使用卡尺每周两次在两个维度上测量肿瘤大小,并使用以下公式计算肿瘤体积:V=0.5a×b2[mm3],其中a和b分别是肿瘤的长径和短径。
终点:
在深度麻醉中通过颈脱位处死小鼠。对于每只动物,将每个肿瘤分成两等份,一个在液氮中快速冷冻并储存在-80℃冰箱中,另一部分用4%甲醛固定,24小时后转移到70%乙醇中并储存于4℃进一步评估。
统计分析
通过双因素(时间和治疗)ANOVA与Bonferroni后测试比较肿瘤生长曲线,使用软件PRISM(GraphPad,San Diego,CA)比较重复平均值。当P<0.05时,各组之间的差异被认为是显著的。通过使用Grubbs测试和在线异常值计算器(QuickCalcs,GraphPad;http://graphpad.com/quickcalcs/Grubbs1.cfm)比较各个肿瘤体积来检测异常值。使用软件PRISM(GraphPad)生成图。
结果
体重变化
监测在38天内由于载体或抗AXL抗体治疗的体重变化。在第0天开始治疗,并且每周进行两次,持续5周。通常,体重下降>20%表明治疗毒性并且应该导致动物的安乐死。没有组表现出指示毒性的体重减轻。
肿瘤体积变化
显示用GlymaxX-c10G5和来自Genentech的抗Axl人抗体的变体(YW327.6S2var)处理的小鼠中个体肿瘤的肿瘤生长的图被显示在图23中。
在用脱岩藻糖基化嵌合抗体c10G5(GlymaxX-c10G5)和Genentech抗体YW327.6S2var处理的动物组中观察到肿瘤生长延缓。
在YW327.6S2var和GlymaxX-c10G5组中也存在单个异常值,其已被排除在进一步分析之外(图23中用星号表示)。
直至治疗第31天的不同组的肿瘤生长曲线的比较表明YW327.6S2var和GlymaxX-c10G5与来自用亚型对照处理的组显著差异-参见下表)。
讨论
脱岩藻糖基化嵌合抗体c10G5在该鼠异种移植NSCLC异种移植模型中具有与Genentech的完全人MAb YW327.6S2相似的抗肿瘤活性。
上述观察结果表明,在人受试者中,具有10G5结合特异性的人源化抗体H2L1比YW327.6S2更有效。其原因在于,如实施例21和22中所报道的,YW327.6S2与鼠Ax1结合,而10G5不与鼠Axl结合。因此,报道的YW327.6S2的效果是对人异种移植细胞和宿主鼠组织二者的抗体作用的结果。相反,报道的10G5的效果仅来自对人异种移植细胞的抗体作用。
序列
SEQ ID NO.1[hu10G5 VH(GH1)]
SEQ ID NO.2[hu10G5 VH(GH2)]
SEQ ID NO.3[hu10G5VL(GL1)]
SEQ ID NO.4[hu10G5 VL(GL2)]
SEQ ID NO.5【实施例重链恒定区】
SEQ ID NO.6[10G5 GH1重链】
SEQ ID NO.7[10G5 GH2重链】
SEQ ID NO.8【实施例轻链恒定区】
SEQ ID NO.9[10G5 GL1轻链】
SEQ ID NO.10[10G5 GL2轻链】
SEQ ID NO.11[hu10G5 VH(GH1),核酸】
SEQ ID NO.12[hu10G5VH(GH2),核酸】
SEQ ID NO.13[hu10G5 VL(GL1),核酸】
SEQ ID NO.14[hu10G5 VL(GL2),核酸】
SEQ ID NO.15【实施例重链恒定区,核酸】
SEQ ID NO.16[10G5 GH1重链,核酸】
SEQ ID NO.17[10G5 GH2重链,核酸】
SEQ ID NO.18【轻链恒定区,核酸】
SEQ ID NO.19[10G5 GL1轻链,核酸】
SEQ ID NQ.20[10G5 GL2轻链,核酸】
SEQ ID NO.21[人Axl]
SEQ ID NO.22[鼠Axl]
SEQ ID NO.23[人Tyro3]
SEQ ID NO.24[人Mer]
SEQ ID NO.25[人Akt3]
SEQ ID NO.26[人Gas6]
SEQ ID NO.27【来自食蟹猴的Axl;也被称为“Cyno
Axl”】
SEQ ID NO.28【鼠10G5 VH结构域】
SEQ ID NO.29【鼠-10G5
VL-结构域】
SEQ ID NO.30[10G5 VH CDR1]
GYSFTDFYIN
SEQ ID NO.31[10G5 VH CDR2]
RIFPGGDNTYYNEKFKG
SEQ ID NO.32[10G5 VH CDR3]
RGLYYAMDY
SEQ ID NO.33[10G5 VL CDR1]
RSSQSLVHSNGI PYLH
SEQ ID NO.34[10G5 VL CDR2]
RVSNRFS
SEQ ID NO.35[10G5 VL CDR3]
SQGTHVPPT
生物保藏
本发明涉及杂交瘤细胞系WR-10G5-E5。该细胞系已按照“对微生物保藏的国际认可的布达佩斯条约”的规定进行保藏。WR-10G5-E5保藏的其他细节如下所述,并且也在WO2016/097370中公开。
WR-10G5-E5
保藏机构→欧洲动物细胞保藏中心(ECACC)
英格兰公共卫生部
波登当
索尔兹伯里
威尔特郡
SP4 0JG
英国
保藏日期→2015年12月16日
检索号→15121602
特征→杂交瘤-B-淋巴细胞;物种-小家鼠(mouse);
形态-成淋巴细胞;免疫原-人Axl胞外结构域;免疫细胞供体-NMRI小鼠;永生化伴侣X63.Ag8.653;Ig类/亚类产品-IgG1
序列表
<110> 卑尔根技术锻造股份公司
卑尔根生物股份公司
<120> 抗AXL拮抗抗体
<130> RKA/LP7288178
<150> GB1610902.7
<151> 2016-06-22
<160> 35
<170> PatentIn版本3.5
<210> 1
<211> 118
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> hu10G5 VH(GH1)
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50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Leu Ser Ala Asp Thr Ser Lys Ser Thr Ala Tyr
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100 105 110
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<210> 3
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Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val His Ser
20 25 30
Asn Gly Ile Pro Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala
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Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Val Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
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<210> 4
<211> 112
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Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
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Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Val Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Arg Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
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<223> 实施例重链恒定区
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Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
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20 25 30
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35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
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Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
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Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
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Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
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<210> 6
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<223> 10G5 GH1 重链
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Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Leu Ser Ala Asp Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr
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Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
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Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
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Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro
115 120 125
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly
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Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser
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Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr
210 215 220
His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser
225 230 235 240
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
245 250 255
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro
260 265 270
Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala
275 280 285
Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val
290 295 300
Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr
305 310 315 320
Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
325 330 335
Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
340 345 350
Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys
355 360 365
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
370 375 380
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp
385 390 395 400
Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser
405 410 415
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala
420 425 430
Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
435 440 445
<210> 7
<211> 448
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GH2 重链
<400> 7
Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Asp Phe
20 25 30
Tyr Ile Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val
35 40 45
Ala Arg Ile Phe Pro Gly Gly Asp Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Leu Ser Ala Asp Thr Ser Lys Ser Thr Ala Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
100 105 110
Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro
115 120 125
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly
130 135 140
Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn
145 150 155 160
Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln
165 170 175
Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser
180 185 190
Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser
195 200 205
Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr
210 215 220
His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser
225 230 235 240
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
245 250 255
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro
260 265 270
Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala
275 280 285
Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val
290 295 300
Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr
305 310 315 320
Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
325 330 335
Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
340 345 350
Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys
355 360 365
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
370 375 380
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp
385 390 395 400
Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser
405 410 415
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala
420 425 430
Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
435 440 445
<210> 8
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 实施例轻链恒定区
<400> 8
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe
20 25 30
Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln
35 40 45
Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser
50 55 60
Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
65 70 75 80
Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser
85 90 95
Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
100 105
<210> 9
<211> 219
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GL1 轻链
<400> 9
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val His Ser
20 25 30
Asn Gly Ile Pro Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala
35 40 45
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Val Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
65 70 75 80
Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Gln Gly
85 90 95
Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys
100 105 110
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu
115 120 125
Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe
130 135 140
Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln
145 150 155 160
Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser
165 170 175
Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
180 185 190
Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser
195 200 205
Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
210 215
<210> 10
<211> 219
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GL2 轻链
<400> 10
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val His Ser
20 25 30
Asn Gly Ile Pro Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala
35 40 45
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Val Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Arg Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
65 70 75 80
Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Gln Gly
85 90 95
Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys
100 105 110
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu
115 120 125
Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe
130 135 140
Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln
145 150 155 160
Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser
165 170 175
Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
180 185 190
Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser
195 200 205
Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
210 215
<210> 11
<211> 354
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> hu10G5 VH(GH1) 核酸
<400> 11
gaggtgcagc tggtccagtc cggagctgga ctggtgcagc caggcggatc tgtcagactg 60
agttgcgccg cttccggcta cagcttcacc gacttttata tcaactgggt cagacaggcc 120
cccggcaagg gtctggagtg gatcgctcgc attttccctg ggggtgacaa cacatactac 180
aacgaaaagt tcaaaggcag gttcaccctg tccgccgata cttccagctc taccgcatac 240
ctgcaactga actccctgag ggcagaagac acagccgtgt actattgtgc caggcggggc 300
ctgtactatg ctatggatta ttggggccag ggaaccctgg tgacagtctc gagc 354
<210> 12
<211> 354
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> hu10G5 VH(GH2) 核酸
<400> 12
gaggtgcagc tggtggaatc cggcggaggg ctggtgcagc caggtggcag cctgagactg 60
tcttgcgccg cttcaggata ctccttcacc gacttttata tcaactgggt cagacaggcc 120
cccggcaagg gcctggagtg ggtcgctcgc attttccctg gaggggacaa cacatactac 180
aacgaaaagt tcaaaggcag gttcaccctg agtgctgata cttctaaaag taccgcatac 240
ctgcaaatga atagcctgag ggcagaggac acagccgtgt actattgtgc caggcggggc 300
ctgtactatg ctatggatta ttggggacag gggaccctgg tgacagtctc gagc 354
<210> 13
<211> 336
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> hu10G5 VL(GL1) 核酸
<400> 13
gacatccaga tgacacagtc tccctccagc ctgagcgcct ctgtgggaga tagagtcacc 60
atcacatgca ggtctagtca gagcctggtg cactctaacg gcatccccta cctgcattgg 120
tatcagcaga agccagggaa agctcccaag ctgctgatct acagagtcag taatcggttc 180
tctggtgtcc cttcgaggtt tagtggctca ggctccggga cagacttcac tctgaccatt 240
tcatccctgc aaccagagga ttttgcaact tactattgta gccagggcac acacgtgccc 300
cctactttcg gtcagggcac caaagtcgaa attaag 336
<210> 14
<211> 336
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> hu10G5 VL(GL2) 核酸
<400> 14
gacatccaga tgacacagtc tccctccagc ctgagcgcct ctgtgggcga tcgagtcacc 60
atcacatgca ggtctagtca gagcctggtg cactctaacg gcattcctta cctgcattgg 120
tatcagcaga agccaggaaa agctcccaag ctgctgatct acagagtcag taatcggttc 180
tctggcgtgc cctccaggtt ctccgggtca cgctccggaa cagacttcac tctgaccatt 240
tcatccctgc aaccagagga ttttgcaact tactattgta gccagggaac acacgtgccc 300
cctactttcg gccagggaac caaagtcgaa attaag 336
<210> 15
<211> 990
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 实施例重链恒定区核酸
<400> 15
gctagcacaa agggccctag tgtgtttcct ctggctccct cttccaaatc cacttctggt 60
ggcactgctg ctctgggatg cctggtgaag gattactttc ctgaacctgt gactgtctca 120
tggaactctg gtgctctgac ttctggtgtc cacactttcc ctgctgtgct gcagtctagt 180
ggactgtact ctctgtcatc tgtggtcact gtgccctctt catctctggg aacccagacc 240
tacatttgta atgtgaacca caaaccatcc aacactaaag tggacaaaaa agtggaaccc 300
aaatcctgtg acaaaaccca cacctgccca ccttgtcctg cccctgaact gctgggagga 360
ccttctgtgt ttctgttccc ccccaaacca aaggataccc tgatgatctc tagaacccct 420
gaggtgacat gtgtggtggt ggatgtgtct catgaggacc ctgaggtcaa attcaactgg 480
tacgtggatg gagtggaagt ccacaatgcc aaaaccaagc ctagagagga acagtacaat 540
tcaacctaca gagtggtcag tgtgctgact gtgctgcatc aggattggct gaatggcaag 600
gaatacaagt gtaaagtctc aaacaaggcc ctgcctgctc caattgagaa aacaatctca 660
aaggccaagg gacagcctag ggaaccccag gtctacaccc tgccaccttc aagagaggaa 720
atgaccaaaa accaggtgtc cctgacatgc ctggtcaaag gcttctaccc ttctgacatt 780
gctgtggagt gggagtcaaa tggacagcct gagaacaact acaaaacaac cccccctgtg 840
ctggattctg atggctcttt ctttctgtac tccaaactga ctgtggacaa gtctagatgg 900
cagcagggga atgtcttttc ttgctctgtc atgcatgagg ctctgcataa ccactacact 960
cagaaatccc tgtctctgtc tcccgggaaa 990
<210> 16
<211> 1344
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GH1 重链核酸
<400> 16
gaggtgcagc tggtccagtc cggagctgga ctggtgcagc caggcggatc tgtcagactg 60
agttgcgccg cttccggcta cagcttcacc gacttttata tcaactgggt cagacaggcc 120
cccggcaagg gtctggagtg gatcgctcgc attttccctg ggggtgacaa cacatactac 180
aacgaaaagt tcaaaggcag gttcaccctg tccgccgata cttccagctc taccgcatac 240
ctgcaactga actccctgag ggcagaagac acagccgtgt actattgtgc caggcggggc 300
ctgtactatg ctatggatta ttggggccag ggaaccctgg tgacagtctc gagcgctagc 360
acaaagggcc ctagtgtgtt tcctctggct ccctcttcca aatccacttc tggtggcact 420
gctgctctgg gatgcctggt gaaggattac tttcctgaac ctgtgactgt ctcatggaac 480
tctggtgctc tgacttctgg tgtccacact ttccctgctg tgctgcagtc tagtggactg 540
tactctctgt catctgtggt cactgtgccc tcttcatctc tgggaaccca gacctacatt 600
tgtaatgtga accacaaacc atccaacact aaagtggaca aaaaagtgga acccaaatcc 660
tgtgacaaaa cccacacctg cccaccttgt cctgcccctg aactgctggg aggaccttct 720
gtgtttctgt tcccccccaa accaaaggat accctgatga tctctagaac ccctgaggtg 780
acatgtgtgg tggtggatgt gtctcatgag gaccctgagg tcaaattcaa ctggtacgtg 840
gatggagtgg aagtccacaa tgccaaaacc aagcctagag aggaacagta caattcaacc 900
tacagagtgg tcagtgtgct gactgtgctg catcaggatt ggctgaatgg caaggaatac 960
aagtgtaaag tctcaaacaa ggccctgcct gctccaattg agaaaacaat ctcaaaggcc 1020
aagggacagc ctagggaacc ccaggtctac accctgccac cttcaagaga ggaaatgacc 1080
aaaaaccagg tgtccctgac atgcctggtc aaaggcttct acccttctga cattgctgtg 1140
gagtgggagt caaatggaca gcctgagaac aactacaaaa caaccccccc tgtgctggat 1200
tctgatggct ctttctttct gtactccaaa ctgactgtgg acaagtctag atggcagcag 1260
gggaatgtct tttcttgctc tgtcatgcat gaggctctgc ataaccacta cactcagaaa 1320
tccctgtctc tgtctcccgg gaaa 1344
<210> 17
<211> 1344
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GH2 重链核酸
<400> 17
gaggtgcagc tggtggaatc cggcggaggg ctggtgcagc caggtggcag cctgagactg 60
tcttgcgccg cttcaggata ctccttcacc gacttttata tcaactgggt cagacaggcc 120
cccggcaagg gcctggagtg ggtcgctcgc attttccctg gaggggacaa cacatactac 180
aacgaaaagt tcaaaggcag gttcaccctg agtgctgata cttctaaaag taccgcatac 240
ctgcaaatga atagcctgag ggcagaggac acagccgtgt actattgtgc caggcggggc 300
ctgtactatg ctatggatta ttggggacag gggaccctgg tgacagtctc gagcgctagc 360
acaaagggcc ctagtgtgtt tcctctggct ccctcttcca aatccacttc tggtggcact 420
gctgctctgg gatgcctggt gaaggattac tttcctgaac ctgtgactgt ctcatggaac 480
tctggtgctc tgacttctgg tgtccacact ttccctgctg tgctgcagtc tagtggactg 540
tactctctgt catctgtggt cactgtgccc tcttcatctc tgggaaccca gacctacatt 600
tgtaatgtga accacaaacc atccaacact aaagtggaca aaaaagtgga acccaaatcc 660
tgtgacaaaa cccacacctg cccaccttgt cctgcccctg aactgctggg aggaccttct 720
gtgtttctgt tcccccccaa accaaaggat accctgatga tctctagaac ccctgaggtg 780
acatgtgtgg tggtggatgt gtctcatgag gaccctgagg tcaaattcaa ctggtacgtg 840
gatggagtgg aagtccacaa tgccaaaacc aagcctagag aggaacagta caattcaacc 900
tacagagtgg tcagtgtgct gactgtgctg catcaggatt ggctgaatgg caaggaatac 960
aagtgtaaag tctcaaacaa ggccctgcct gctccaattg agaaaacaat ctcaaaggcc 1020
aagggacagc ctagggaacc ccaggtctac accctgccac cttcaagaga ggaaatgacc 1080
aaaaaccagg tgtccctgac atgcctggtc aaaggcttct acccttctga cattgctgtg 1140
gagtgggagt caaatggaca gcctgagaac aactacaaaa caaccccccc tgtgctggat 1200
tctgatggct ctttctttct gtactccaaa ctgactgtgg acaagtctag atggcagcag 1260
gggaatgtct tttcttgctc tgtcatgcat gaggctctgc ataaccacta cactcagaaa 1320
tccctgtctc tgtctcccgg gaaa 1344
<210> 18
<211> 321
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 轻链恒定区核酸
<400> 18
cgtacggtcg cggcgccttc tgtgttcatt ttccccccat ctgatgaaca gctgaaatct 60
ggcactgctt ctgtggtctg tctgctgaac aacttctacc ctagagaggc caaagtccag 120
tggaaagtgg acaatgctct gcagagtggg aattcccagg aatctgtcac tgagcaggac 180
tctaaggata gcacatactc cctgtcctct actctgacac tgagcaaggc tgattacgag 240
aaacacaaag tgtacgcctg tgaagtcaca catcaggggc tgtctagtcc tgtgaccaaa 300
tccttcaata ggggagagtg c 321
<210> 19
<211> 657
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GL1 轻链核酸
<400> 19
gacatccaga tgacacagtc tccctccagc ctgagcgcct ctgtgggaga tagagtcacc 60
atcacatgca ggtctagtca gagcctggtg cactctaacg gcatccccta cctgcattgg 120
tatcagcaga agccagggaa agctcccaag ctgctgatct acagagtcag taatcggttc 180
tctggtgtcc cttcgaggtt tagtggctca ggctccggga cagacttcac tctgaccatt 240
tcatccctgc aaccagagga ttttgcaact tactattgta gccagggcac acacgtgccc 300
cctactttcg gtcagggcac caaagtcgaa attaagcgta cggtcgcggc gccttctgtg 360
ttcattttcc ccccatctga tgaacagctg aaatctggca ctgcttctgt ggtctgtctg 420
ctgaacaact tctaccctag agaggccaaa gtccagtgga aagtggacaa tgctctgcag 480
agtgggaatt cccaggaatc tgtcactgag caggactcta aggatagcac atactccctg 540
tcctctactc tgacactgag caaggctgat tacgagaaac acaaagtgta cgcctgtgaa 600
gtcacacatc aggggctgtc tagtcctgtg accaaatcct tcaatagggg agagtgc 657
<210> 20
<211> 657
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 10G5 GL2 轻链核酸
<400> 20
gacatccaga tgacacagtc tccctccagc ctgagcgcct ctgtgggcga tcgagtcacc 60
atcacatgca ggtctagtca gagcctggtg cactctaacg gcattcctta cctgcattgg 120
tatcagcaga agccaggaaa agctcccaag ctgctgatct acagagtcag taatcggttc 180
tctggcgtgc cctccaggtt ctccgggtca cgctccggaa cagacttcac tctgaccatt 240
tcatccctgc aaccagagga ttttgcaact tactattgta gccagggaac acacgtgccc 300
cctactttcg gccagggaac caaagtcgaa attaagcgta cggtcgcggc gccttctgtg 360
ttcattttcc ccccatctga tgaacagctg aaatctggca ctgcttctgt ggtctgtctg 420
ctgaacaact tctaccctag agaggccaaa gtccagtgga aagtggacaa tgctctgcag 480
agtgggaatt cccaggaatc tgtcactgag caggactcta aggatagcac atactccctg 540
tcctctactc tgacactgag caaggctgat tacgagaaac acaaagtgta cgcctgtgaa 600
gtcacacatc aggggctgtc tagtcctgtg accaaatcct tcaatagggg agagtgc 657
<210> 21
<211> 626
<212> PRT
<213> 智人Axl
<400> 21
Met Gly Ile Gln Ala Gly Glu Pro Asp Pro Pro Glu Glu Pro Leu Thr
1 5 10 15
Ser Gln Ala Ser Val Pro Pro His Gln Leu Arg Leu Gly Ser Leu His
20 25 30
Pro His Thr Pro Tyr His Ile Arg Val Ala Cys Thr Ser Ser Gln Gly
35 40 45
Pro Ser Ser Trp Thr His Trp Leu Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Glu Gly Val
50 55 60
Pro Leu Gly Pro Pro Glu Asn Ile Ser Ala Thr Arg Asn Gly Ser Gln
65 70 75 80
Ala Phe Val His Trp Gln Glu Pro Arg Ala Pro Leu Gln Gly Thr Leu
85 90 95
Leu Gly Tyr Arg Leu Ala Tyr Gln Gly Gln Asp Thr Pro Glu Val Leu
100 105 110
Met Asp Ile Gly Leu Arg Gln Glu Val Thr Leu Glu Leu Gln Gly Asp
115 120 125
Gly Ser Val Ser Asn Leu Thr Val Cys Val Ala Ala Tyr Thr Ala Ala
130 135 140
Gly Asp Gly Pro Trp Ser Leu Pro Val Pro Leu Glu Ala Trp Arg Pro
145 150 155 160
Gly Gln Ala Gln Pro Val His Gln Leu Val Lys Glu Pro Ser Thr Pro
165 170 175
Ala Phe Ser Trp Pro Trp Trp Tyr Val Leu Leu Gly Ala Val Val Ala
180 185 190
Ala Ala Cys Val Leu Ile Leu Ala Leu Phe Leu Val His Arg Arg Lys
195 200 205
Lys Glu Thr Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Phe Glu Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Gly
210 215 220
Glu Leu Val Val Arg Tyr Arg Val Arg Lys Ser Tyr Ser Arg Arg Thr
225 230 235 240
Thr Glu Ala Thr Leu Asn Ser Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Glu Leu Lys Glu
245 250 255
Lys Leu Arg Asp Val Met Val Asp Arg His Lys Val Ala Leu Gly Lys
260 265 270
Thr Leu Gly Glu Gly Glu Phe Gly Ala Val Met Glu Gly Gln Leu Asn
275 280 285
Gln Asp Asp Ser Ile Leu Lys Val Ala Val Lys Thr Met Lys Ile Ala
290 295 300
Ile Cys Thr Arg Ser Glu Leu Glu Asp Phe Leu Ser Glu Ala Val Cys
305 310 315 320
Met Lys Glu Phe Asp His Pro Asn Val Met Arg Leu Ile Gly Val Cys
325 330 335
Phe Gln Gly Ser Glu Arg Glu Ser Phe Pro Ala Pro Val Val Ile Leu
340 345 350
Pro Phe Met Lys His Gly Asp Leu His Ser Phe Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg
355 360 365
Leu Gly Asp Gln Pro Val Tyr Leu Pro Thr Gln Met Leu Val Lys Phe
370 375 380
Met Ala Asp Ile Ala Ser Gly Met Glu Tyr Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg Phe
385 390 395 400
Ile His Arg Asp Leu Ala Ala Arg Asn Cys Met Leu Asn Glu Asn Met
405 410 415
Ser Val Cys Val Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Lys Lys Ile Tyr Asn Gly
420 425 430
Asp Tyr Tyr Arg Gln Gly Arg Ile Ala Lys Met Pro Val Lys Trp Ile
435 440 445
Ala Ile Glu Ser Leu Ala Asp Arg Val Tyr Thr Ser Lys Ser Asp Val
450 455 460
Trp Ser Phe Gly Val Thr Met Trp Glu Ile Ala Thr Arg Gly Gln Thr
465 470 475 480
Pro Tyr Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Ser Glu Ile Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Arg Gln
485 490 495
Gly Asn Arg Leu Lys Gln Pro Ala Asp Cys Leu Asp Gly Leu Tyr Ala
500 505 510
Leu Met Ser Arg Cys Trp Glu Leu Asn Pro Gln Asp Arg Pro Ser Phe
515 520 525
Thr Glu Leu Arg Glu Asp Leu Glu Asn Thr Leu Lys Ala Leu Pro Pro
530 535 540
Ala Gln Glu Pro Asp Glu Ile Leu Tyr Val Asn Met Asp Glu Gly Gly
545 550 555 560
Gly Tyr Pro Glu Pro Pro Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Asp Pro Pro Thr
565 570 575
Gln Pro Asp Pro Lys Asp Ser Cys Ser Cys Leu Thr Ala Ala Glu Val
580 585 590
His Pro Ala Gly Arg Tyr Val Leu Cys Pro Ser Thr Thr Pro Ser Pro
595 600 605
Ala Gln Pro Ala Asp Arg Gly Ser Pro Ala Ala Pro Gly Gln Glu Asp
610 615 620
Gly Ala
625
<210> 22
<211> 879
<212> PRT
<213> 小家鼠Axl
<400> 22
Met Gly Arg Val Pro Leu Ala Trp Trp Leu Ala Leu Cys Cys Trp Gly
1 5 10 15
Cys Ala Ala His Lys Asp Thr Gln Thr Glu Ala Gly Ser Pro Phe Val
20 25 30
Gly Asn Pro Gly Asn Ile Thr Gly Ala Arg Gly Leu Thr Gly Thr Leu
35 40 45
Arg Cys Glu Leu Gln Val Gln Gly Glu Pro Pro Glu Val Val Trp Leu
50 55 60
Arg Asp Gly Gln Ile Leu Glu Leu Ala Asp Asn Thr Gln Thr Gln Val
65 70 75 80
Pro Leu Gly Glu Asp Trp Gln Asp Glu Trp Lys Val Val Ser Gln Leu
85 90 95
Arg Ile Ser Ala Leu Gln Leu Ser Asp Ala Gly Glu Tyr Gln Cys Met
100 105 110
Val His Leu Glu Gly Arg Thr Phe Val Ser Gln Pro Gly Phe Val Gly
115 120 125
Leu Glu Gly Leu Pro Tyr Phe Leu Glu Glu Pro Glu Asp Lys Ala Val
130 135 140
Pro Ala Asn Thr Pro Phe Asn Leu Ser Cys Gln Ala Gln Gly Pro Pro
145 150 155 160
Glu Pro Val Thr Leu Leu Trp Leu Gln Asp Ala Val Pro Leu Ala Pro
165 170 175
Val Thr Gly His Ser Ser Gln His Ser Leu Gln Thr Pro Gly Leu Asn
180 185 190
Lys Thr Ser Ser Phe Ser Cys Glu Ala His Asn Ala Lys Gly Val Thr
195 200 205
Thr Ser Arg Thr Ala Thr Ile Thr Val Leu Pro Gln Arg Pro His His
210 215 220
Leu His Val Val Ser Arg Gln Pro Thr Glu Leu Glu Val Ala Trp Thr
225 230 235 240
Pro Gly Leu Ser Gly Ile Tyr Pro Leu Thr His Cys Asn Leu Gln Ala
245 250 255
Val Leu Ser Asp Asp Gly Val Gly Ile Trp Leu Gly Lys Ser Asp Pro
260 265 270
Pro Glu Asp Pro Leu Thr Leu Gln Val Ser Val Pro Pro His Gln Leu
275 280 285
Arg Leu Glu Lys Leu Leu Pro His Thr Pro Tyr His Ile Arg Ile Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Ser Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser Pro Trp Thr His Trp Leu Pro Val
305 310 315 320
Glu Thr Thr Glu Gly Val Pro Leu Gly Pro Pro Glu Asn Val Ser Ala
325 330 335
Met Arg Asn Gly Ser Gln Val Leu Val Arg Trp Gln Glu Pro Arg Val
340 345 350
Pro Leu Gln Gly Thr Leu Leu Gly Tyr Arg Leu Ala Tyr Arg Gly Gln
355 360 365
Asp Thr Pro Glu Val Leu Met Asp Ile Gly Leu Thr Arg Glu Val Thr
370 375 380
Leu Glu Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Pro Val Ala Asn Leu Thr Val Ser Val
385 390 395 400
Thr Ala Tyr Thr Ser Ala Gly Asp Gly Pro Trp Ser Leu Pro Val Pro
405 410 415
Leu Glu Pro Trp Arg Pro Val Ser Glu Pro Pro Pro Arg Ala Phe Ser
420 425 430
Trp Pro Trp Trp Tyr Val Leu Leu Gly Ala Leu Val Ala Ala Ala Cys
435 440 445
Val Leu Ile Leu Ala Leu Phe Leu Val His Arg Arg Lys Lys Glu Thr
450 455 460
Arg Tyr Gly Glu Val Phe Glu Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Gly Glu Leu Val
465 470 475 480
Val Arg Tyr Arg Val Arg Lys Ser Tyr Ser Arg Arg Thr Thr Glu Ala
485 490 495
Thr Leu Asn Ser Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Glu Leu Lys Glu Lys Leu Arg
500 505 510
Asp Val Met Val Asp Arg His Lys Val Ala Leu Gly Lys Thr Leu Gly
515 520 525
Glu Gly Glu Phe Gly Ala Val Met Glu Gly Gln Leu Asn Gln Asp Asp
530 535 540
Ser Ile Leu Lys Val Ala Val Lys Thr Met Lys Ile Ala Ile Cys Thr
545 550 555 560
Arg Ser Glu Leu Glu Asp Phe Leu Ser Glu Ala Val Cys Met Lys Glu
565 570 575
Phe Asp His Pro Asn Val Met Arg Leu Ile Gly Val Cys Phe Gln Gly
580 585 590
Ser Asp Arg Glu Gly Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Val Ile Leu Pro Phe Met
595 600 605
Lys His Gly Asp Leu His Ser Phe Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu Gly Asp
610 615 620
Gln Pro Val Phe Leu Pro Thr Gln Met Leu Val Lys Phe Met Ala Asp
625 630 635 640
Ile Ala Ser Gly Met Glu Tyr Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg Phe Ile His Arg
645 650 655
Asp Leu Ala Ala Arg Asn Cys Met Leu Asn Glu Asn Met Ser Val Cys
660 665 670
Val Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Lys Lys Ile Tyr Asn Gly Asp Tyr Tyr
675 680 685
Arg Gln Gly Arg Ile Ala Lys Met Pro Val Lys Trp Ile Ala Ile Glu
690 695 700
Ser Leu Ala Asp Arg Val Tyr Thr Ser Lys Ser Asp Val Trp Ser Phe
705 710 715 720
Gly Val Thr Met Trp Glu Ile Ala Thr Arg Gly Gln Thr Pro Tyr Pro
725 730 735
Gly Val Glu Asn Ser Glu Ile Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Arg Gln Gly Asn Arg
740 745 750
Leu Lys Gln Pro Val Asp Cys Leu Asp Gly Leu Tyr Ala Leu Met Ser
755 760 765
Arg Cys Trp Glu Leu Asn Pro Arg Asp Arg Pro Ser Phe Ala Glu Leu
770 775 780
Arg Glu Asp Leu Glu Asn Thr Leu Lys Ala Leu Pro Pro Ala Gln Glu
785 790 795 800
Pro Asp Glu Ile Leu Tyr Val Asn Met Asp Glu Gly Gly Ser His Leu
805 810 815
Glu Pro Arg Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Asp Pro Pro Thr Gln Pro Asp
820 825 830
Pro Lys Asp Ser Cys Ser Cys Leu Thr Ala Ala Asp Val His Ser Ala
835 840 845
Gly Arg Tyr Val Leu Cys Pro Ser Thr Ala Pro Gly Pro Thr Leu Ser
850 855 860
Ala Asp Arg Gly Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Gly Gln Glu Asp Gly Ala
865 870 875
<210> 23
<211> 890
<212> PRT
<213> 智人Tyro3
<400> 23
Met Ala Leu Arg Arg Ser Met Gly Arg Pro Gly Leu Pro Pro Leu Pro
1 5 10 15
Leu Pro Pro Pro Pro Arg Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Ala Ser
20 25 30
Leu Leu Leu Pro Glu Ser Ala Ala Ala Gly Leu Lys Leu Met Gly Ala
35 40 45
Pro Val Lys Leu Thr Val Ser Gln Gly Gln Pro Val Lys Leu Asn Cys
50 55 60
Ser Val Glu Gly Met Glu Glu Pro Asp Ile Gln Trp Val Lys Asp Gly
65 70 75 80
Ala Val Val Gln Asn Leu Asp Gln Leu Tyr Ile Pro Val Ser Glu Gln
85 90 95
His Trp Ile Gly Phe Leu Ser Leu Lys Ser Val Glu Arg Ser Asp Ala
100 105 110
Gly Arg Tyr Trp Cys Gln Val Glu Asp Gly Gly Glu Thr Glu Ile Ser
115 120 125
Gln Pro Val Trp Leu Thr Val Glu Gly Val Pro Phe Phe Thr Val Glu
130 135 140
Pro Lys Asp Leu Ala Val Pro Pro Asn Ala Pro Phe Gln Leu Ser Cys
145 150 155 160
Glu Ala Val Gly Pro Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Ile Val Trp Trp Arg Gly
165 170 175
Thr Thr Lys Ile Gly Gly Pro Ala Pro Ser Pro Ser Val Leu Asn Val
180 185 190
Thr Gly Val Thr Gln Ser Thr Met Phe Ser Cys Glu Ala His Asn Leu
195 200 205
Lys Gly Leu Ala Ser Ser Arg Thr Ala Thr Val His Leu Gln Ala Leu
210 215 220
Pro Ala Ala Pro Phe Asn Ile Thr Val Thr Lys Leu Ser Ser Ser Asn
225 230 235 240
Ala Ser Val Ala Trp Met Pro Gly Ala Asp Gly Arg Ala Leu Leu Gln
245 250 255
Ser Cys Thr Val Gln Val Thr Gln Ala Pro Gly Gly Trp Glu Val Leu
260 265 270
Ala Val Val Val Pro Val Pro Pro Phe Thr Cys Leu Leu Arg Asp Leu
275 280 285
Val Pro Ala Thr Asn Tyr Ser Leu Arg Val Arg Cys Ala Asn Ala Leu
290 295 300
Gly Pro Ser Pro Tyr Ala Asp Trp Val Pro Phe Gln Thr Lys Gly Leu
305 310 315 320
Ala Pro Ala Ser Ala Pro Gln Asn Leu His Ala Ile Arg Thr Asp Ser
325 330 335
Gly Leu Ile Leu Glu Trp Glu Glu Val Ile Pro Glu Ala Pro Leu Glu
340 345 350
Gly Pro Leu Gly Pro Tyr Lys Leu Ser Trp Val Gln Asp Asn Gly Thr
355 360 365
Gln Asp Glu Leu Thr Val Glu Gly Thr Arg Ala Asn Leu Thr Gly Trp
370 375 380
Asp Pro Gln Lys Asp Leu Ile Val Arg Val Cys Val Ser Asn Ala Val
385 390 395 400
Gly Cys Gly Pro Trp Ser Gln Pro Leu Val Val Ser Ser His Asp Arg
405 410 415
Ala Gly Gln Gln Gly Pro Pro His Ser Arg Thr Ser Trp Val Pro Val
420 425 430
Val Leu Gly Val Leu Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Ala Ala Ala Leu Ala Leu
435 440 445
Ile Leu Leu Arg Lys Arg Arg Lys Glu Thr Arg Phe Gly Gln Ala Phe
450 455 460
Asp Ser Val Met Ala Arg Gly Glu Pro Ala Val His Phe Arg Ala Ala
465 470 475 480
Arg Ser Phe Asn Arg Glu Arg Pro Glu Arg Ile Glu Ala Thr Leu Asp
485 490 495
Ser Leu Gly Ile Ser Asp Glu Leu Lys Glu Lys Leu Glu Asp Val Leu
500 505 510
Ile Pro Glu Gln Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Arg Met Leu Gly Lys Gly Glu
515 520 525
Phe Gly Ser Val Arg Glu Ala Gln Leu Lys Gln Glu Asp Gly Ser Phe
530 535 540
Val Lys Val Ala Val Lys Met Leu Lys Ala Asp Ile Ile Ala Ser Ser
545 550 555 560
Asp Ile Glu Glu Phe Leu Arg Glu Ala Ala Cys Met Lys Glu Phe Asp
565 570 575
His Pro His Val Ala Lys Leu Val Gly Val Ser Leu Arg Ser Arg Ala
580 585 590
Lys Gly Arg Leu Pro Ile Pro Met Val Ile Leu Pro Phe Met Lys His
595 600 605
Gly Asp Leu His Ala Phe Leu Leu Ala Ser Arg Ile Gly Glu Asn Pro
610 615 620
Phe Asn Leu Pro Leu Gln Thr Leu Ile Arg Phe Met Val Asp Ile Ala
625 630 635 640
Cys Gly Met Glu Tyr Leu Ser Ser Arg Asn Phe Ile His Arg Asp Leu
645 650 655
Ala Ala Arg Asn Cys Met Leu Ala Glu Asp Met Thr Val Cys Val Ala
660 665 670
Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Arg Lys Ile Tyr Ser Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Arg Gln
675 680 685
Gly Cys Ala Ser Lys Leu Pro Val Lys Trp Leu Ala Leu Glu Ser Leu
690 695 700
Ala Asp Asn Leu Tyr Thr Val Gln Ser Asp Val Trp Ala Phe Gly Val
705 710 715 720
Thr Met Trp Glu Ile Met Thr Arg Gly Gln Thr Pro Tyr Ala Gly Ile
725 730 735
Glu Asn Ala Glu Ile Tyr Asn Tyr Leu Ile Gly Gly Asn Arg Leu Lys
740 745 750
Gln Pro Pro Glu Cys Met Glu Asp Val Tyr Asp Leu Met Tyr Gln Cys
755 760 765
Trp Ser Ala Asp Pro Lys Gln Arg Pro Ser Phe Thr Cys Leu Arg Met
770 775 780
Glu Leu Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Gln Leu Ser Val Leu Ser Ala Ser Gln
785 790 795 800
Asp Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asn Ile Glu Arg Ala Glu Glu Pro Thr Ala Gly
805 810 815
Gly Ser Leu Glu Leu Pro Gly Arg Asp Gln Pro Tyr Ser Gly Ala Gly
820 825 830
Asp Gly Ser Gly Met Gly Ala Val Gly Gly Thr Pro Ser Asp Cys Arg
835 840 845
Tyr Ile Leu Thr Pro Gly Gly Leu Ala Glu Gln Pro Gly Gln Ala Glu
850 855 860
His Gln Pro Glu Ser Pro Leu Asn Glu Thr Gln Arg Leu Leu Leu Leu
865 870 875 880
Gln Gln Gly Leu Leu Pro His Ser Ser Cys
885 890
<210> 24
<211> 999
<212> PRT
<213> 智人Mer
<400> 24
Met Gly Pro Ala Pro Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Phe Leu Pro Ala
1 5 10 15
Leu Trp Arg Arg Ala Ile Thr Glu Ala Arg Glu Glu Ala Lys Pro Tyr
20 25 30
Pro Leu Phe Pro Gly Pro Phe Pro Gly Ser Leu Gln Thr Asp His Thr
35 40 45
Pro Leu Leu Ser Leu Pro His Ala Ser Gly Tyr Gln Pro Ala Leu Met
50 55 60
Phe Ser Pro Thr Gln Pro Gly Arg Pro His Thr Gly Asn Val Ala Ile
65 70 75 80
Pro Gln Val Thr Ser Val Glu Ser Lys Pro Leu Pro Pro Leu Ala Phe
85 90 95
Lys His Thr Val Gly His Ile Ile Leu Ser Glu His Lys Gly Val Lys
100 105 110
Phe Asn Cys Ser Ile Ser Val Pro Asn Ile Tyr Gln Asp Thr Thr Ile
115 120 125
Ser Trp Trp Lys Asp Gly Lys Glu Leu Leu Gly Ala His His Ala Ile
130 135 140
Thr Gln Phe Tyr Pro Asp Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Phe
145 150 155 160
Ser Ile Thr Ser Val Gln Arg Ser Asp Asn Gly Ser Tyr Ile Cys Lys
165 170 175
Met Lys Ile Asn Asn Glu Glu Ile Val Ser Asp Pro Ile Tyr Ile Glu
180 185 190
Val Gln Gly Leu Pro His Phe Thr Lys Gln Pro Glu Ser Met Asn Val
195 200 205
Thr Arg Asn Thr Ala Phe Asn Leu Thr Cys Gln Ala Val Gly Pro Pro
210 215 220
Glu Pro Val Asn Ile Phe Trp Val Gln Asn Ser Ser Arg Val Asn Glu
225 230 235 240
Gln Pro Glu Lys Ser Pro Ser Val Leu Thr Val Pro Gly Leu Thr Glu
245 250 255
Met Ala Val Phe Ser Cys Glu Ala His Asn Asp Lys Gly Leu Thr Val
260 265 270
Ser Lys Gly Val Gln Ile Asn Ile Lys Ala Ile Pro Ser Pro Pro Thr
275 280 285
Glu Val Ser Ile Arg Asn Ser Thr Ala His Ser Ile Leu Ile Ser Trp
290 295 300
Val Pro Gly Phe Asp Gly Tyr Ser Pro Phe Arg Asn Cys Ser Ile Gln
305 310 315 320
Val Lys Glu Ala Asp Pro Leu Ser Asn Gly Ser Val Met Ile Phe Asn
325 330 335
Thr Ser Ala Leu Pro His Leu Tyr Gln Ile Lys Gln Leu Gln Ala Leu
340 345 350
Ala Asn Tyr Ser Ile Gly Val Ser Cys Met Asn Glu Ile Gly Trp Ser
355 360 365
Ala Val Ser Pro Trp Ile Leu Ala Ser Thr Thr Glu Gly Ala Pro Ser
370 375 380
Val Ala Pro Leu Asn Val Thr Val Phe Leu Asn Glu Ser Ser Asp Asn
385 390 395 400
Val Asp Ile Arg Trp Met Lys Pro Pro Thr Lys Gln Gln Asp Gly Glu
405 410 415
Leu Val Gly Tyr Arg Ile Ser His Val Trp Gln Ser Ala Gly Ile Ser
420 425 430
Lys Glu Leu Leu Glu Glu Val Gly Gln Asn Gly Ser Arg Ala Arg Ile
435 440 445
Ser Val Gln Val His Asn Ala Thr Cys Thr Val Arg Ile Ala Ala Val
450 455 460
Thr Arg Gly Gly Val Gly Pro Phe Ser Asp Pro Val Lys Ile Phe Ile
465 470 475 480
Pro Ala His Gly Trp Val Asp Tyr Ala Pro Ser Ser Thr Pro Ala Pro
485 490 495
Gly Asn Ala Asp Pro Val Leu Ile Ile Phe Gly Cys Phe Cys Gly Phe
500 505 510
Ile Leu Ile Gly Leu Ile Leu Tyr Ile Ser Leu Ala Ile Arg Lys Arg
515 520 525
Val Gln Glu Thr Lys Phe Gly Asn Ala Phe Thr Glu Glu Asp Ser Glu
530 535 540
Leu Val Val Asn Tyr Ile Ala Lys Lys Ser Phe Cys Arg Arg Ala Ile
545 550 555 560
Glu Leu Thr Leu His Ser Leu Gly Val Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Asn Lys
565 570 575
Leu Glu Asp Val Val Ile Asp Arg Asn Leu Leu Ile Leu Gly Lys Ile
580 585 590
Leu Gly Glu Gly Glu Phe Gly Ser Val Met Glu Gly Asn Leu Lys Gln
595 600 605
Glu Asp Gly Thr Ser Leu Lys Val Ala Val Lys Thr Met Lys Leu Asp
610 615 620
Asn Ser Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Glu Glu Phe Leu Ser Glu Ala Ala Cys
625 630 635 640
Met Lys Asp Phe Ser His Pro Asn Val Ile Arg Leu Leu Gly Val Cys
645 650 655
Ile Glu Met Ser Ser Gln Gly Ile Pro Lys Pro Met Val Ile Leu Pro
660 665 670
Phe Met Lys Tyr Gly Asp Leu His Thr Tyr Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu
675 680 685
Glu Thr Gly Pro Lys His Ile Pro Leu Gln Thr Leu Leu Lys Phe Met
690 695 700
Val Asp Ile Ala Leu Gly Met Glu Tyr Leu Ser Asn Arg Asn Phe Leu
705 710 715 720
His Arg Asp Leu Ala Ala Arg Asn Cys Met Leu Arg Asp Asp Met Thr
725 730 735
Val Cys Val Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Lys Lys Ile Tyr Ser Gly Asp
740 745 750
Tyr Tyr Arg Gln Gly Arg Ile Ala Lys Met Pro Val Lys Trp Ile Ala
755 760 765
Ile Glu Ser Leu Ala Asp Arg Val Tyr Thr Ser Lys Ser Asp Val Trp
770 775 780
Ala Phe Gly Val Thr Met Trp Glu Ile Ala Thr Arg Gly Met Thr Pro
785 790 795 800
Tyr Pro Gly Val Gln Asn His Glu Met Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Leu His Gly
805 810 815
His Arg Leu Lys Gln Pro Glu Asp Cys Leu Asp Glu Leu Tyr Glu Ile
820 825 830
Met Tyr Ser Cys Trp Arg Thr Asp Pro Leu Asp Arg Pro Thr Phe Ser
835 840 845
Val Leu Arg Leu Gln Leu Glu Lys Leu Leu Glu Ser Leu Pro Asp Val
850 855 860
Arg Asn Gln Ala Asp Val Ile Tyr Val Asn Thr Gln Leu Leu Glu Ser
865 870 875 880
Ser Glu Gly Leu Ala Gln Gly Ser Thr Leu Ala Pro Leu Asp Leu Asn
885 890 895
Ile Asp Pro Asp Ser Ile Ile Ala Ser Cys Thr Pro Arg Ala Ala Ile
900 905 910
Ser Val Val Thr Ala Glu Val His Asp Ser Lys Pro His Glu Gly Arg
915 920 925
Tyr Ile Leu Asn Gly Gly Ser Glu Glu Trp Glu Asp Leu Thr Ser Ala
930 935 940
Pro Ser Ala Ala Val Thr Ala Glu Lys Asn Ser Val Leu Pro Gly Glu
945 950 955 960
Arg Leu Val Arg Asn Gly Val Ser Trp Ser His Ser Ser Met Leu Pro
965 970 975
Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Pro Asp Glu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asp Asp Ser Ser
980 985 990
Glu Gly Ser Glu Val Leu Met
995
<210> 25
<211> 465
<212> PRT
<213> 智人Akt3
<400> 25
Met Ser Asp Val Thr Ile Val Lys Glu Gly Trp Val Gln Lys Arg Gly
1 5 10 15
Glu Tyr Ile Lys Asn Trp Arg Pro Arg Tyr Phe Leu Leu Lys Thr Asp
20 25 30
Gly Ser Phe Ile Gly Tyr Lys Glu Lys Pro Gln Asp Val Asp Leu Pro
35 40 45
Tyr Pro Leu Asn Asn Phe Ser Val Ala Lys Cys Gln Leu Met Lys Thr
50 55 60
Glu Arg Pro Lys Pro Asn Thr Phe Ile Ile Arg Cys Leu Gln Trp Thr
65 70 75 80
Thr Val Ile Glu Arg Thr Phe His Val Asp Thr Pro Glu Glu Arg Glu
85 90 95
Glu Trp Thr Glu Ala Ile Gln Ala Val Ala Asp Arg Leu Gln Arg Gln
100 105 110
Glu Glu Glu Arg Met Asn Cys Ser Pro Thr Ser Gln Ile Asp Asn Ile
115 120 125
Gly Glu Glu Glu Met Asp Ala Ser Thr Thr His His Lys Arg Lys Thr
130 135 140
Met Asn Asp Phe Asp Tyr Leu Lys Leu Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly
145 150 155 160
Lys Val Ile Leu Val Arg Glu Lys Ala Ser Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ala Met
165 170 175
Lys Ile Leu Lys Lys Glu Val Ile Ile Ala Lys Asp Glu Val Ala His
180 185 190
Thr Leu Thr Glu Ser Arg Val Leu Lys Asn Thr Arg His Pro Phe Leu
195 200 205
Thr Ser Leu Lys Tyr Ser Phe Gln Thr Lys Asp Arg Leu Cys Phe Val
210 215 220
Met Glu Tyr Val Asn Gly Gly Glu Leu Phe Phe His Leu Ser Arg Glu
225 230 235 240
Arg Val Phe Ser Glu Asp Arg Thr Arg Phe Tyr Gly Ala Glu Ile Val
245 250 255
Ser Ala Leu Asp Tyr Leu His Ser Gly Lys Ile Val Tyr Arg Asp Leu
260 265 270
Lys Leu Glu Asn Leu Met Leu Asp Lys Asp Gly His Ile Lys Ile Thr
275 280 285
Asp Phe Gly Leu Cys Lys Glu Gly Ile Thr Asp Ala Ala Thr Met Lys
290 295 300
Thr Phe Cys Gly Thr Pro Glu Tyr Leu Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Glu Asp
305 310 315 320
Asn Asp Tyr Gly Arg Ala Val Asp Trp Trp Gly Leu Gly Val Val Met
325 330 335
Tyr Glu Met Met Cys Gly Arg Leu Pro Phe Tyr Asn Gln Asp His Glu
340 345 350
Lys Leu Phe Glu Leu Ile Leu Met Glu Asp Ile Lys Phe Pro Arg Thr
355 360 365
Leu Ser Ser Asp Ala Lys Ser Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Leu Ile Lys Asp
370 375 380
Pro Asn Lys Arg Leu Gly Gly Gly Pro Asp Asp Ala Lys Glu Ile Met
385 390 395 400
Arg His Ser Phe Phe Ser Gly Val Asn Trp Gln Asp Val Tyr Asp Lys
405 410 415
Lys Leu Val Pro Pro Phe Lys Pro Gln Val Thr Ser Glu Thr Asp Thr
420 425 430
Arg Tyr Phe Asp Glu Glu Phe Thr Ala Gln Thr Ile Thr Ile Thr Pro
435 440 445
Pro Glu Lys Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Cys Gly Met Leu Gly Asn Trp Lys
450 455 460
Lys
465
<210> 26
<211> 678
<212> PRT
<213> 智人Gas6
<400> 26
Met Ala Pro Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Pro Ala Ala Leu Arg Arg Ala Pro
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Glu Cys Ala Leu Ala Ala Leu
20 25 30
Leu Pro Ala Arg Glu Ala Thr Gln Phe Leu Arg Pro Arg Gln Arg Arg
35 40 45
Ala Phe Gln Val Phe Glu Glu Ala Lys Gln Gly His Leu Glu Arg Glu
50 55 60
Cys Val Glu Glu Leu Cys Ser Arg Glu Glu Ala Arg Glu Val Phe Glu
65 70 75 80
Asn Asp Pro Glu Thr Asp Tyr Phe Tyr Pro Arg Tyr Leu Asp Cys Ile
85 90 95
Asn Lys Tyr Gly Ser Pro Tyr Thr Lys Asn Ser Gly Phe Ala Thr Cys
100 105 110
Val Gln Asn Leu Pro Asp Gln Cys Thr Pro Asn Pro Cys Asp Arg Lys
115 120 125
Gly Thr Gln Ala Cys Gln Asp Leu Met Gly Asn Phe Phe Cys Leu Cys
130 135 140
Lys Ala Gly Trp Gly Gly Arg Leu Cys Asp Lys Asp Val Asn Glu Cys
145 150 155 160
Ser Gln Glu Asn Gly Gly Cys Leu Gln Ile Cys His Asn Lys Pro Gly
165 170 175
Ser Phe His Cys Ser Cys His Ser Gly Phe Glu Leu Ser Ser Asp Gly
180 185 190
Arg Thr Cys Gln Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Ala Asp Ser Glu Ala Cys Gly
195 200 205
Glu Ala Arg Cys Lys Asn Leu Pro Gly Ser Tyr Ser Cys Leu Cys Asp
210 215 220
Glu Gly Phe Ala Tyr Ser Ser Gln Glu Lys Ala Cys Arg Asp Val Asp
225 230 235 240
Glu Cys Leu Gln Gly Arg Cys Glu Gln Val Cys Val Asn Ser Pro Gly
245 250 255
Ser Tyr Thr Cys His Cys Asp Gly Arg Gly Gly Leu Lys Leu Ser Gln
260 265 270
Asp Met Asp Thr Cys Glu Asp Ile Leu Pro Cys Val Pro Phe Ser Val
275 280 285
Ala Lys Ser Val Lys Ser Leu Tyr Leu Gly Arg Met Phe Ser Gly Thr
290 295 300
Pro Val Ile Arg Leu Arg Phe Lys Arg Leu Gln Pro Thr Arg Leu Val
305 310 315 320
Ala Glu Phe Asp Phe Arg Thr Phe Asp Pro Glu Gly Ile Leu Leu Phe
325 330 335
Ala Gly Gly His Gln Asp Ser Thr Trp Ile Val Leu Ala Leu Arg Ala
340 345 350
Gly Arg Leu Glu Leu Gln Leu Arg Tyr Asn Gly Val Gly Arg Val Thr
355 360 365
Ser Ser Gly Pro Val Ile Asn His Gly Met Trp Gln Thr Ile Ser Val
370 375 380
Glu Glu Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Val Ile Lys Val Asn Arg Asp Ala Val
385 390 395 400
Met Lys Ile Ala Val Ala Gly Asp Leu Phe Gln Pro Glu Arg Gly Leu
405 410 415
Tyr His Leu Asn Leu Thr Val Gly Gly Ile Pro Phe His Glu Lys Asp
420 425 430
Leu Val Gln Pro Ile Asn Pro Arg Leu Asp Gly Cys Met Arg Ser Trp
435 440 445
Asn Trp Leu Asn Gly Glu Asp Thr Thr Ile Gln Glu Thr Val Lys Val
450 455 460
Asn Thr Arg Met Gln Cys Phe Ser Val Thr Glu Arg Gly Ser Phe Tyr
465 470 475 480
Pro Gly Ser Gly Phe Ala Phe Tyr Ser Leu Asp Tyr Met Arg Thr Pro
485 490 495
Leu Asp Val Gly Thr Glu Ser Thr Trp Glu Val Glu Val Val Ala His
500 505 510
Ile Arg Pro Ala Ala Asp Thr Gly Val Leu Phe Ala Leu Trp Ala Pro
515 520 525
Asp Leu Arg Ala Val Pro Leu Ser Val Ala Leu Val Asp Tyr His Ser
530 535 540
Thr Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Gln Leu Val Val Leu Ala Val Glu His Thr
545 550 555 560
Ala Leu Ala Leu Met Glu Ile Lys Val Cys Asp Gly Gln Glu His Val
565 570 575
Val Thr Val Ser Leu Arg Asp Gly Glu Ala Thr Leu Glu Val Asp Gly
580 585 590
Thr Arg Gly Gln Ser Glu Val Ser Ala Ala Gln Leu Gln Glu Arg Leu
595 600 605
Ala Val Leu Glu Arg His Leu Arg Ser Pro Val Leu Thr Phe Ala Gly
610 615 620
Gly Leu Pro Asp Val Pro Val Thr Ser Ala Pro Val Thr Ala Phe Tyr
625 630 635 640
Arg Gly Cys Met Thr Leu Glu Val Asn Arg Arg Leu Leu Asp Leu Asp
645 650 655
Glu Ala Ala Tyr Lys His Ser Asp Ile Thr Ala His Ser Cys Pro Pro
660 665 670
Val Glu Pro Ala Ala Ala
675
<210> 27
<211> 894
<212> PRT
<213> 食蟹猴Axl
<400> 27
Met Ala Trp Arg Cys Pro Arg Met Gly Arg Val Pro Leu Ala Trp Cys
1 5 10 15
Leu Ala Leu Cys Gly Trp Val Cys Met Ala Pro Arg Gly Thr Gln Ala
20 25 30
Glu Glu Ser Pro Phe Val Gly Asn Pro Gly Asn Ile Thr Gly Ala Arg
35 40 45
Gly Leu Thr Gly Thr Leu Arg Cys Gln Leu Gln Val Gln Gly Glu Pro
50 55 60
Pro Glu Val His Trp Leu Arg Asp Gly Gln Ile Leu Glu Leu Ala Asp
65 70 75 80
Ser Thr Gln Thr Gln Val Pro Leu Gly Glu Asp Glu Gln Asp Asp Trp
85 90 95
Ile Val Val Ser Gln Leu Arg Ile Ala Ser Leu Gln Leu Ser Asp Ala
100 105 110
Gly Gln Tyr Gln Cys Leu Val Phe Leu Gly His Gln Asn Phe Val Ser
115 120 125
Gln Pro Gly Tyr Val Gly Leu Glu Gly Leu Pro Tyr Phe Leu Glu Glu
130 135 140
Pro Glu Asp Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Asn Thr Pro Phe Asn Leu Ser Cys
145 150 155 160
Gln Ala Gln Gly Pro Pro Glu Pro Val Asp Leu Leu Trp Leu Gln Asp
165 170 175
Ala Val Pro Leu Ala Thr Ala Pro Gly His Gly Pro Gln Arg Asn Leu
180 185 190
His Val Pro Gly Leu Asn Lys Thr Ser Ser Phe Ser Cys Glu Ala His
195 200 205
Asn Ala Lys Gly Val Thr Thr Ser Arg Thr Ala Thr Ile Thr Val Leu
210 215 220
Pro Gln Gln Pro Arg Asn Leu His Leu Val Ser Arg Gln Pro Thr Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Glu Val Ala Trp Thr Pro Gly Leu Ser Gly Ile Tyr Pro Leu Thr
245 250 255
His Cys Thr Leu Gln Ala Val Leu Ser Asp Asp Gly Met Gly Ile Gln
260 265 270
Ala Gly Glu Pro Asp Pro Pro Glu Glu Pro Leu Thr Leu Gln Ala Ser
275 280 285
Val Pro Pro His Gln Leu Arg Leu Gly Ser Leu His Pro His Thr Pro
290 295 300
Tyr His Ile Arg Val Ala Cys Thr Ser Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser Ser Trp
305 310 315 320
Thr His Trp Leu Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Glu Gly Val Pro Leu Gly Pro
325 330 335
Pro Glu Asn Ile Ser Ala Thr Arg Asn Gly Ser Gln Ala Phe Val His
340 345 350
Trp Gln Glu Pro Arg Ala Pro Leu Gln Gly Thr Leu Leu Gly Tyr Arg
355 360 365
Leu Ala Tyr Gln Gly Gln Asp Thr Pro Glu Val Leu Met Asp Ile Gly
370 375 380
Leu Arg Gln Glu Val Thr Leu Glu Leu Gln Gly Asp Gly Ser Val Ser
385 390 395 400
Asn Leu Thr Val Cys Val Ala Ala Tyr Thr Ala Ala Gly Asp Gly Pro
405 410 415
Trp Ser Leu Pro Val Pro Leu Glu Ala Trp Arg Pro Gly Gln Ala Gln
420 425 430
Pro Val His Gln Leu Val Lys Glu Thr Ser Ala Pro Ala Phe Ser Trp
435 440 445
Pro Trp Trp Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Ala Val Val Ala Ala Ala Cys Val
450 455 460
Leu Ile Leu Ala Leu Phe Leu Val His Arg Arg Lys Lys Glu Thr Arg
465 470 475 480
Tyr Gly Glu Val Phe Glu Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Gly Glu Leu Val Val
485 490 495
Arg Tyr Arg Val Arg Lys Ser Tyr Ser Arg Arg Thr Thr Glu Ala Thr
500 505 510
Leu Asn Ser Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Glu Leu Lys Glu Lys Leu Arg Asp
515 520 525
Val Met Val Asp Arg His Lys Val Ala Leu Gly Lys Thr Leu Gly Glu
530 535 540
Gly Glu Phe Gly Ala Val Met Glu Gly Gln Leu Asn Gln Asp Asp Ser
545 550 555 560
Ile Leu Lys Val Ala Val Lys Thr Met Lys Ile Ala Ile Cys Thr Arg
565 570 575
Ser Glu Leu Glu Asp Phe Leu Ser Glu Ala Val Cys Met Lys Glu Phe
580 585 590
Asp His Pro Asn Val Met Arg Leu Ile Gly Val Cys Phe Gln Gly Ser
595 600 605
Glu Arg Glu Ser Phe Pro Ala Pro Val Val Ile Leu Pro Phe Met Lys
610 615 620
His Gly Asp Leu His Ser Phe Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu Gly Asp Gln
625 630 635 640
Pro Val Tyr Leu Pro Thr Gln Met Leu Val Lys Phe Met Ala Asp Ile
645 650 655
Ala Ser Gly Met Glu Tyr Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg Phe Ile His Arg Asp
660 665 670
Leu Ala Ala Arg Asn Cys Met Leu Asn Glu Asn Met Ser Val Cys Val
675 680 685
Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ser Lys Lys Ile Tyr Asn Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Arg
690 695 700
Gln Gly Arg Ile Ala Lys Met Pro Val Lys Trp Ile Ala Ile Glu Ser
705 710 715 720
Leu Ala Asp Arg Val Tyr Thr Ser Lys Ser Asp Val Trp Ser Phe Gly
725 730 735
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740 745 750
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755 760 765
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770 775 780
Cys Trp Glu Leu Asn Pro Gln Asp Arg Pro Ser Phe Thr Glu Leu Arg
785 790 795 800
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805 810 815
Asp Glu Ile Leu Tyr Val Asn Met Asp Glu Gly Gly Gly Tyr Pro Glu
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Tyr Ile Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45
Ala Arg Ile Phe Pro Gly Gly Asp Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe
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115
<210> 29
<211> 112
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<213> 小家鼠10G5 VL 结构域
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Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Val Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro
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Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile
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Arg Ile Phe Pro Gly Gly Asp Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe Lys
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Gly
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Claims (26)
1.一种抗体,其结合Axl且包含:
(i)抗体重链可变区(VH)结构域,其包含VH CDR1、VH CDR2和VH CDR3,其中所述VHCDR1、VH CDR2和VH CDR3是SEQ ID NO.2所示的VH结构域的VH CDR1、VH CDR2和VH CDR3;和
(ii)抗体轻链可变区(VL)结构域,其选自SEQ ID NO.3的VL结构域和SEQ ID NO.4的VL结构域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述VH CDR1的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.30,所述VH CDR2的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.31,并且所述VH CDR3的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.32。
3.一种抗体,其结合Axl且包含:
(i)抗体VH结构域,其选自SEQ ID NO.2的VH结构域和SEQ ID NO.1的VH结构域;和
(ii)抗体VL结构域,其包含VL CDR1、VL CDR2和VL CDR3,其中所述VL CDR1、VL CDR2和VL CDR3是SEQ ID NO.3所示的VL结构域的VL CDR1、VL CDR2和VL CDR3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗体,其中所述VL CDR1的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.33,所述VL CDR2的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.34,并且所述VL CDR3的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.35。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含:
选自以下的抗体VH结构域:SEQ ID NO.2的VH结构域和SEQ ID NO.1的VH结构域;和
选自以下的抗体VL结构域:SEQ ID NO.3的VL结构域和SEQ ID NO.4的VL结构域。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗体,其包含SEQ ID NO.2的VH结构域和SEQ ID NO.3的VL结构域。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗体,其包含SEQ ID NO.1的VH结构域和SEQ ID NO.3的VL结构域。
8.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含:
抗体重链恒定区的全部或一部分和/或抗体轻链恒定区的全部或一部分。
9.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其中所述抗体为:
(i)全抗体;或
(ii)结合抗原的抗体片段。
10.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其中所述抗体为IgG抗体;或其中所述抗体为结合抗原的抗体片段,所述结合抗原的抗体片段为Fv、scFv、dsFv、Fab、F(ab’)2、微抗体、二价抗体、TandAb、双链抗体或三链抗体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的抗体,其中所述结合抗原的抗体片段为串联scFv、单链二价抗体或DVD-Ig。
12.根据权利要求9所述的抗体,其中所述结合抗原的抗体片段为BiTE。
13.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其中所述Axl为人Axl。
14.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其缀合至酶或毒素。
15.根据权利要求1或3所述的抗体,其缀合至可检测的标记。
16.根据权利要求14所述的抗体,其中所述抗体通过肽键或接头缀合至所述酶或毒素。
17.根据权利要求15所述的抗体,其中所述抗体通过肽键或接头缀合至所述可检测的标记。
18.分离的核酸,所述核酸包含编码根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的抗体或所述抗体的VH和VL结构域的核苷酸序列。
19.宿主细胞,所述宿主细胞转化有根据权利要求18所述的核酸。
20.制备抗体或抗体VH和VL结构域的方法,该方法包括在产生所述抗体或抗体VH和VL结构域的条件下培养根据权利要求19所述的宿主细胞。
21.组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的抗体或其免疫缀合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组合物,还包含第二抗Axl抗体,其中就与Axl的结合而言,所述第二抗Axl抗体不与10G5抗体竞争,所述10G5抗体能够从2015年12月16日保藏于欧洲动物细胞保藏中心(ECACC)的检索号为15121602的杂交瘤WR-10G5-E5获得。
23.根据权利要求21所述的组合物,还包含免疫检查点调节剂、和/或对除了Axl之外的靶点具有特异性的抗肿瘤抗体。
24.根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的抗体或根据权利要求21至23任一项所述的组合物在制备用于治疗特征为Axl过表达的癌症的药物中的用途。
25.根据权利要求24所述的用途,其中所述癌症为转移性癌症。
26.试剂盒,其包含根据权利要求1至17任一项所述的抗体或根据权利要求21至23任一项所述的组合物。
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CA2969879A1 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | Bergen Teknologioverforing As | Anti-axl antagonistic antibodies |
GB201610902D0 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-08-03 | Bergen Teknologioverforing As And Bergenbio As | Anti-Axl Antagonistic Antibodies |
CN110483639A (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-22 | 复旦大学 | 靶向axl的抗体及抗体-药物偶联物及其制备方法和用途 |
GB201912059D0 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-09 | Bergenbio As | Combaination therapy of a patient subgroup |
NL2024108B1 (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2021-07-19 | Vitroscan B V | Methods and apparatus for measuring immune-cell mediated anti-tumoroid responses |
JP2023515821A (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-04-14 | シンフォジェン・アクシェセルスケープ | 抗axl抗体及び組成物 |
GB202004189D0 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-05-06 | Bergenbio As | Combination therapy |
JP2023521753A (ja) | 2020-04-08 | 2023-05-25 | ベルゲンビオ アーエスアー | 抗ウイルス療法 |
GB202006072D0 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-06-10 | Bergenbio Asa | Method of selecting patients for treatment with cmbination therapy |
GB202104037D0 (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-05-05 | Bergenbio Asa | Combination therapy |
EP4359439A1 (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-05-01 | Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd | Combination therapy for the treatment of cancer comprising an anti-egfr antibody and an axl-inhibitor |
WO2024040114A2 (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-22 | BioLegend, Inc. | Anti-axl antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof and methods for making and using the same |
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US20240190972A1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
MX2018016096A (es) | 2019-05-06 |
CA3025729A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
CN116903748A (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
AU2017281326A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
US20220195054A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
US11198734B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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GB201610902D0 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
US11732048B2 (en) | 2023-08-22 |
JP2019528677A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
US20210171643A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
KR102458196B1 (ko) | 2022-10-25 |
CN109311997A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
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