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CN109314566A - Host node equipment and the method being used therewith - Google Patents

Host node equipment and the method being used therewith Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109314566A
CN109314566A CN201780035977.9A CN201780035977A CN109314566A CN 109314566 A CN109314566 A CN 109314566A CN 201780035977 A CN201780035977 A CN 201780035977A CN 109314566 A CN109314566 A CN 109314566A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wave
communication
signal
frequency
antenna system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780035977.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
R·班奈特
P·S·亨利
I·格兹伯格
F·巴尔泽加
D·J·巴尼克尔
T·M·威利斯三世
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AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
Original Assignee
AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/179,440 external-priority patent/US10103801B2/en
Application filed by AT&T Intellectual Property I LP filed Critical AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
Publication of CN109314566A publication Critical patent/CN109314566A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
    • H04B7/2606—Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15507—Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
    • H04B7/2609—Arrangements for range control, e.g. by using remote antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
    • H04L27/2673—Details of algorithms characterised by synchronisation parameters
    • H04L27/2675—Pilot or known symbols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/06—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/143—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex for modulated signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

The various aspects of this theme disclosure may include such as relay equipment, and the relay equipment has the first coupler for extracting downlink channel signals from the first guided electromagnetic wave of the transmission medium for being restricted to guided wave communication system.Amplifier amplifies the downlink channel signals to generate through amplifying downlink channel signals.Channel selection filter selection is described via antenna wireless to be transmitted at least one described client device through one or more of amplification downlink channel signals.Second coupler is amplified described downlink channel signals and guides the transmission medium to the guided wave communication system to propagate as the second guided electromagnetic wave.Disclose other embodiments.

Description

Host node equipment and the method being used therewith
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims the priority for the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 15/179,440 submitted on June 10th, 2016 simultaneously It and is its part continuation application.All parts of above-mentioned (multiple) U.S. Patent applications are combined herein in its entirety by reference.
Technical field
This theme disclosure is related to the communication carried out in communication network via microwave transmission.
Background technique
As smart phone and other portable devices increasingly become generally existing, and data use increase, macrocell Base station equipment and existing radio infrastructure need higher bandwidth ability in turn, to solve increased demand.In order to mention For additional mobile bandwidth, seeking small cell deployment, wherein Microcell and picocell are provided for than traditional macrocell The covering in much smaller region.
In addition, most of families and enterprise have developed into dependence for the clothes such as voice, video and internet browsing The wideband data of business accesses.Broadband access network includes satellite network, 4G or 5G wireless network, power line communication network, optical fiber Network, Transforming of Wire TV Cable and telephone network.
Detailed description of the invention
Now with reference to the attached drawing being not drawn necessarily to scale, and in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the example, non-limiting embodiment for illustrating the guided wave communication system according to various aspects described herein Block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the transmission device according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Fig. 3 is the figure for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the magnetic distribution according to various aspects described herein Shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the figure for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the magnetic distribution according to various aspects described herein Shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 A is the figure for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the frequency response according to various aspects described herein Shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 B be illustrate the longitudinal cross-section of the insulated conductor according to various aspects described herein example it is unrestricted The figure schematic diagram of property embodiment, is depicted at the guided electromagnetic wave field of multiple and different operating frequencies.
Fig. 6 is the figure for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the magnetic distribution according to various aspects described herein Shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the arc coupler according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Fig. 8 is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the arc coupler according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Fig. 9 A is the example, non-limiting embodiment for illustrating the branched-guide coupler according to various aspects described herein Block diagram.
Fig. 9 B is the figure for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment according to the distribution of the electromagnetism of various aspects described herein.
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B are illustrated according to the coupler of various aspects described herein and the non-limit of the example of transceiver The block diagram of property embodiment processed.
Figure 11 is the example, non-limiting implementation for illustrating double branched-guide couplers according to various aspects described herein The block diagram of example.
Figure 12 is the example, non-limiting embodiment for illustrating the repeater system according to various aspects described herein Block diagram.
Figure 13 illustrates block diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the both-way trunks of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 14 is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the Wave guide system according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Figure 15 is the example, non-limiting embodiment for illustrating the guided wave communication system according to various aspects described herein Block diagram.
Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B are illustrated according to various aspects described herein for carrying out pipe to communication system of power grids system The block diagram of the example, non-limiting embodiment of the system of reason.
Figure 17 A is illustrated for detecting and mitigating the disturbance occurred in the communication network of the system of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B The flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method.
Figure 17 B is illustrated for detecting and mitigating the disturbance occurred in the communication network of the system of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B The flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method.
Figure 18 A illustrates block diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the communication systems of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 18 B illustrates block diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the network terminals of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 18 C illustrates figure schematic diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the frequency spectrums of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 18 D illustrates figure schematic diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the frequency spectrums of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 18 E illustrates block diagram, illustrates the non-limit of example according to the host node equipment of various aspects described herein Property embodiment processed.
Figure 18 F illustrates combination and draws and block diagram, illustrates according to the downstream data flows of various aspects described herein Example, non-limiting embodiment.
Figure 18 G illustrates combination and draws and block diagram, illustrates according to the upstreams of various aspects described herein Example, non-limiting embodiment.
Figure 18 H illustrates block diagram, illustrates non-according to the example of the client node device of various aspects described herein Restricted embodiment.
Figure 19 A illustrates block diagram, illustrates the non-limit of example according to the access point repeater of various aspects described herein Property embodiment processed.
Figure 19 B illustrates block diagram, illustrates unrestricted according to the example of the miniature repeater of various aspects described herein Property embodiment.
Figure 19 C illustrates combination and draws and block diagram, illustrates according to the miniature repeaters of various aspects described herein Example, non-limiting embodiment.
Figure 19 D illustrates figure schematic diagram, illustrates according to the example, non-limiting of the frequency spectrums of various aspects described herein Embodiment.
Figure 20 A, Figure 20 B, Figure 20 C and Figure 20 D illustrate the non-limit of example according to the method for various aspects described herein The flow chart of property embodiment processed.
Figure 21 is the block diagram according to the example, non-limiting embodiment of the calculating environment of various aspects described herein.
Figure 22 is the block diagram according to the example, non-limiting embodiment of the mobile network platform of various aspects described herein.
Figure 23 is the block diagram according to the example, non-limiting embodiment of the communication equipment of various aspects described herein.
Figure 24 A is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the communication system according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Figure 24 B is the example for illustrating the communication node of communication system of Figure 24 A according to various aspects described herein The block diagram of non-limiting embodiment.
Figure 24 C and Figure 24 D are the communication nodes for illustrating the communication system according to various aspects Figure 24 A described herein The block diagram of example, non-limiting embodiment.
Figure 25 A is illustrated according to various aspects described herein for enabling the communication section of base station and Figure 24 A The block diagram of the example, non-limiting embodiment of the point downlink communicated and uplink communication technology.
Figure 25 B is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the communication node according to various aspects described herein Figure 25 20.
Figure 25 C is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the communication node according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Figure 25 D, Figure 25 E, Figure 25 F and Figure 25 G be illustrate it is non-according to the example of the frequency spectrum of various aspects described herein The figure schematic diagram of restricted embodiment.
Figure 25 H is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the transmitter according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Figure 25 I is the frame for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of the receiver according to various aspects described herein Figure.
Figure 26 A, Figure 26 B, Figure 26 C, Figure 26 D, Figure 26 E, Figure 26 F, Figure 26 G, Figure 26 H, Figure 26 I, Figure 26 J and Figure 26 K are According to the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of the method for various aspects described herein.
Specific embodiment
One or more embodiments are described referring now to the drawings, wherein similar appended drawing reference is throughout used to refer to phase As element.In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are elaborated, in order to provide to the saturating of each embodiment Thorough understanding.It may be evident, however, that each embodiment can without these details (and do not apply to any ad-hoc networked environment or Standard) in the case where practiced.
In embodiment, present it is a kind of for via guided electromagnetic wave send and receive signal of communication such as data or its The guided wave communication system of his signaling.The guided electromagnetic wave includes for example being limited to transmission medium or being drawn by the transmission medium The surface wave led or other electromagnetic waves.It will be appreciated that can be by various transmission in the case where not departing from example embodiment Medium is communicated with guided wave and is used together.The example of this transmission medium may include that one or more of the following items are (independent Ground is perhaps with one or more combinations): it is conducting wire insulation or on-insulated and be sub-thread or multiply；Other shapes The conductor of shape or construction, including bundle conductor, cable, bar, track, pipeline；Non-conductor, such as dielectric pipeline, bar, track or its His dielectric component；The combination of conductor and dielectric substance；Or other guided wave transmission mediums.
Guided electromagnetic wave inducting over a transmission medium can be independently of the transmission medium by a part as circuit And any potential, charge or the electric current for being injected or otherwise being transmitted.For example, in the case where transmission medium is conducting wire, Although this can be it is to be appreciated that the low current in conducting wire can be formed in response to guided wave along the propagation of conducting wire Since electromagnetic wave is along the propagation of conductive line surfaces, and not the electricity in response to being injected into the conducting wire as a part of circuit Gesture, charge or electric current and formed.Therefore, the electromagnetic wave advanced on conducting wire does not need circuit to propagate along conductive line surfaces.Cause This, conducting wire is single-wire line road, rather than a part of circuit.Moreover, in some embodiments, conducting wire is not required , and electromagnetic wave can be propagated along the single line transmission medium for not being conducting wire.
More generally, " guided electromagnetic wave " or " guided wave " as described in this theme disclosure are situated between by transmission is at least The physical object of a part of matter is (for example, bare conductor or other conductors, dielectric, insulated conductor, conduit or other hollow members Part is coated, the bundled insulated conductors or another form of solid of covering or encirclement by dielectric or insulator or other bundle conductors Body, liquid or other non-pneumatic transmission mediums) existing influence, at least partly be restricted to physical object or by physics Object guidance, and to be propagated along the transmission path of physical object.Such physical object can be used as transmission medium extremely Lack a part to operate, the transmission medium is by the interface of transmission medium (for example, outer surface, inner surface, outer surface and interior table Interior section between face or other boundaries between the element of transmission medium) guide electromagnetic waves " guided electromagnetic wave " propagation, The guided electromagnetic wave can carry energy and/or other numbers along the transmission path from sending device to receiving device in turn According to.
(such as different from square wireless signal that inversely reduces of its intensity at a distance from the traveling of non-guided electromagnetic wave Non- leading (or unbounded) electromagnetic wave) free-space propagation, guided electromagnetic wave can propagate along transmission medium, have and lead than non- Few per unit that row electromagnetic wave is subjected to is lost apart from magnitude.
Different from electric signal, guided electromagnetic wave can travel to receiving device from sending device, without sending device and Independent electric return flow path between receiving device.Therefore, guided electromagnetic wave can be along the transmission medium for not having conductive component (for example, dielectric bars) or via have not more than single conductor transmission medium (for example, single bare conductor or insulation lead Line) it is propagated from sending device to receiving device.Even if transmission medium includes one or more conductive components and is situated between along transmission The guided electromagnetic wave that matter is propagated generates the electricity flowed in one or more of conductive components on the direction of guided electromagnetic wave Stream, such guided electromagnetic wave can also be propagated along transmission medium from sending device to receiving device, without in sending device and The flowing of the inverse current on electric return flow path between receiving device.
In non-limitative illustration, consider to emit and receive electricity between sending device and receiving device by conducting medium The electrical system of signal.Such system usually relies on the forward and return path of electrical separation.For example, it is contemplated that having by insulator The center conductor and earth-shielded coaxial cable separated.In general, sending the first end of (or reception) equipment in electrical system Son may be coupled to center conductor, and the Second terminal for sending (or reception) equipment may be coupled to earth shield.If hair Equipment is sent to inject electric signal in center conductor via first terminal, then the electric signal will be propagated along center conductor, from And lead to the forward current in center conductor, and lead to the return current in earth shield.Identical situation is suitable for two-terminal Receiving device.
In comparison, consider such as guided wave communication system described in this theme disclosure, can use transmission The different embodiments (among other things, including coaxial cable) of medium emit and receive guided electromagnetic wave, flow back without electricity Path.In one embodiment, for example, the guided wave communication system of this theme disclosure can be configured for inducting along same The guided electromagnetic wave that the outer surface of shaft cable is propagated.Although guided electromagnetic wave will cause forward current in earth shield, Guided electromagnetic wave, which does not need return current, to be come so that guided electromagnetic wave is propagated along the outer surface of coaxial cable.It may be said that by guided wave Communication system is also such using with other transmission mediums for being used for transmission and receiving guided electromagnetic wave.For example, being communicated by guided wave The guided electromagnetic wave that system is inducted on the outer surface of bare conductor or insulated conductor can be along the bare conductor without electric return flow path Or insulation bare conductor is propagated.
Therefore, it is necessary to two or more conductors for carrying forward current and reverse current on independent conductor so that It obtains the electrical system that the electric signal injected by sending device can be propagated and is different from leading of inducting on the interface of transmission medium The guided wave system that electromagnetic wave to enable guided electromagnetic wave to be propagated along the interface of transmission medium without electric return flow path System.
It is also noted that guided electromagnetic wave described in this theme disclosure can have primarily or essentially position Field structure in the outside of transmission medium, to be limited to transmission medium or to be guided by transmission medium, and so as to Non- inappreciable distance is propagated on the outer surface of transmission medium or along the outer surface of transmission medium.In other embodiments, Guided electromagnetic wave can have the primarily or essentially field structure inside transmission medium, to be limited to transmission medium Or it is guided by transmission medium, and to propagate non-inappreciable distance in transmission medium.In other embodiments, leading Electromagnetic wave, which can have, to be positioned partially inside transmission medium and is positioned partially at the field structure outside transmission medium, so as to It is limited to transmission medium or is guided by transmission medium, and to propagate non-inappreciable distance along transmission medium.? In embodiment, desired electric field structure can be changed based on various factors, comprising: expectation transmission range, transmission medium itself Characteristic and transmission medium outside environmental aspect/characteristic (for example, there are rain, mist, atmospheric conditions etc.).
Each embodiment described herein be related to being referred to as with millimeter-wave frequency (for example, 30GHz is extremely 300GHz) to emit and/or extract " the waveguide Coupling device " of guided electromagnetic wave, " waveguide coupler " or more from transmission medium It is simply referred as the Coupling device of " coupler ", " Coupling device " or " transmitting station ", wherein wavelength and Coupling device and/or biography One or more dimensions (perimeter of such as conducting wire or other cross-sectional dimensions) of defeated medium or lower microwave frequency are (all As 300MHz to 30GHz) in comparison can be smaller.Transmission can be generated to be passed as the wave guided by Coupling device It broadcasts, such as: length, arc length or other length of dielectric substance；Horn-like antenna, unipole antenna, telescopic antenna, slot Antenna or other antennas；Aerial array；Magnetic resonance chamber or other resonance couplers；Coil, strip line, waveguide or other couplings Equipment.In operation, the Coupling device receives electromagnetic wave from transmitter or transmission medium.The field structure of the electromagnetic wave It can be carried on inside Coupling device, outside Coupling device or its certain combination.When Coupling device is very close to transmission medium, At least part of electromagnetic wave is coupled to or is restricted to the transmission device, and continues to be propagated as guided electromagnetic wave. With reciprocal manner, Coupling device can extract guided wave from transmission medium and these electromagnetic waves are delivered to receiver.
According to example embodiment, surface wave is a type of guided wave guided by the surface of transmission medium, such as conducting wire Outer surface or outer surface or the conducting wire neighbouring or be exposed to heterogeneity (for example, dielectric property) Another surface of another type of medium.In fact, in the exemplary embodiment, the surface of the conducting wire of lead schedule surface wave can be with Indicate the transitional surface between two kinds of different type media.For example, in the case where exposed or uninsulated conductor, the surface of conducting wire It can be exposed to exposed or uninsulated conductor the outer or outer conductive surface of air or free space.Show as another Example, in the case where insulated conductor, property (for example, dielectric property) depending on insulator, air and/or conductor it is opposite Difference and the one or more frequencies and communication mode for additionally depending on guided wave, the surface of conducting wire can be the insulator with conducting wire The current-carrying part for the conducting wire that part is met, or can otherwise be exposed to the insulation of the conducting wire of air or free space Body surface face, or can be otherwise the insulator surface in conducting wire and the conducting wire that meets with the insulator portion of conducting wire Any material region between current-carrying part.
According to example embodiment, term the conducting wire being used in combination with guided wave or other transmission mediums " around " may include Based waveguides wave propagation mode, guided wave, SYMMETRIC ELECTROMAGNETIC field distribution (example such as with round or substantially circular field distribution Such as, electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field etc.) or at least partly other fundamental mode figures around conducting wire or other transmission mediums. In addition, when guided wave conducting wire or other transmission mediums " around " propagate when, can be propagated according to guided waves propagation mode, institute Stating guided waves propagation mode may include not only fundamental wave communication mode (for example, Oth order mode), but also additionally or alternatively wrap It includes non-fundamental wave communication mode, high-order guided wave mode (for example, 1 rank mode, 2 rank modes etc.), asymmetric mode and/or has Other guided waves (for example, surface wave) of non-circular field distribution around conducting wire or other transmission mediums.As used herein, art Language " guided wave mode " refers to the guided waves propagation mode of the transmission medium of guided wave communication system, Coupling device or other systems component.
For example, this non-circular field distribution can be it is unilateral or polygon, have be characterized in that relatively high field intensity The axial lobes of one or more and/or be characterized in that one of opposite low field strength, null field intensity or substantially null field intensity Or multiple null values or air explosion loading.Further, according to example embodiment, field distribution can the otherwise root around conducting wire Change according to orientation so that one or more angular regions around conducting wire have than one of orientation or Multiple higher electric or magnetic field intensity (or combinations thereof)s in other angles region.It is to be appreciated that the higher order of modes of guided wave Asymmetric mode relative orientation or position can with guided wave along conducting wire advance and change.
It is fallen in " the millimeter wave frequency band " of 30GHz to 300GHz as it is used herein, term " millimeter wave " can refer to Electromagnetic wave/signal.Term " microwave " can refer to the electromagnetic wave/signal fallen in " microwave band " of 300MHz to 300GHz.Art Language " radio frequency (radio frequency) " or " RF " can refer to the electromagnetic wave/letter fallen in " radio frequency band " in 10kHz to 1THz Number.It is to be appreciated that the wireless signal as described in this theme disclosure, electric signal and guided electromagnetic wave can be matched It sets for being operated in any expected frequency range, such as in millimeter wave frequency band and/or microwave band, Zhi Shanghuo Under frequency on.Specifically, when Coupling device or transmission medium include conducting element, by Coupling device carrying and/or The frequency for the guided electromagnetic wave propagated along transmission medium can be below the mean collisional frequency of the electronics in conducting element.Into One step, non-optical frequency can be by the frequency of guided electromagnetic wave that is Coupling device carrying and/or propagating along transmission medium Rate, for example, in the optical frequency range radio frequency below started with 1THz.
As it is used herein, term " antenna " can refer to as the transmitting for emitting/radiating or receiving wireless signal The equipment of a part of system or reception system.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of network terminal includes network interface, and the network interface is configured for Downlink data is received from communication network and sends upstream data to the communication network.Down channel modulator is by the downlink Data are modulated into downlink channel signals corresponding with the downlink frequency channels of guided wave communication system.Host interface is to the guided wave Communication system sends the downlink channel signals, and corresponding with uplink frequency channels from guided wave communication system reception Uplink channel signals.Uplink channel signals are demodulated to upstream data by up channel demodulator.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of method includes: to receive downlink data from communication network；By the lower line number According to being modulated into uplink channel signals corresponding with the downlink frequency channels of guided wave communication system；It is led via wired connection to described Communi-cation system sends the downlink channel signals；It is received and upper line frequency via the wired connection from the guided wave communication system The corresponding uplink channel signals of rate channel；The uplink channel signals are demodulated to upstream data；And to the communication network Network sends the upstream data.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of network terminal includes down channel modulator, the down channel modulation Device is configured for modulate downstream data at downlink channel signals, to be situated between via the transmission for being limited to guided wave communication system The guided electromagnetic wave of matter transmits the downlink data.Host interface sends the down channel letter to the guided wave communication system Number, and uplink channel signals corresponding with uplink frequency channels are received from the guided wave communication system.Up channel demodulation Uplink channel signals are demodulated to upstream data by device.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of host node equipment includes at least one access point repeater (APR), institute Access point repeater is stated to be configured for being communicated via guided wave communication system.Terminal interface receives downlink letter from communication network Road signal.First channel duplexer conveys the downlink channel signals at least one described APR.At least one described APR exists Emit in the guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as guided electromagnetic wave.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of method includes: to receive downlink channel signals from communication network；It is logical in guided wave Emit in letter system using the downlink channel signals as guided electromagnetic wave；And at least one client node device It is wirelessly transmitted the downlink channel signals.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of host node equipment includes terminal interface, and the terminal interface is configured For receiving downlink channel signals from communication network and sending uplink channel signals to the communication network.At least one access Point repeater (APR) emits in guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as guided electromagnetic wave, and from The first subset of uplink channel signals is extracted in the guided wave communication system.Radio at least one client node device without The downlink channel signals are transmitted to line, and wirelessly receive the uplink letter from least one described client node device The second subset of road signal.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of client node device includes radio, and the radio is configured to use In wirelessling receive downlink channel signals from communication network.Under access point repeater (APR) will be described in guided wave communication system Row channel signal is emitted as the guided electromagnetic wave propagated along transmission medium, and at least one client device without Transmit to line the downlink channel signals.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of method includes: to wirelessly receive downlink channel signals from communication network；? Emit in guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as the guided electromagnetic wave propagated along transmission medium；And The downlink channel signals are wirelessly transmitted at least one client device.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of client node device includes radio, and the radio is configured to use In wirelessling receive downlink channel signals from communication network, and the first up channel letter is wirelessly transmitted to the communication network Number and the second uplink channel signals.Access point repeater (APR) in guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as Emitted along the guided electromagnetic wave that transmission medium is propagated, first up channel is extracted from the guided wave communication system Signal is wirelessly transmitted the downlink channel signals at least one client device, and wirelessly from the communication network Receive second uplink channel signals.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of relay equipment includes the first coupler, and first coupler is matched It sets for extracting downlink channel signals from the first guided electromagnetic wave of the transmission medium for being restricted to guided wave communication system.Amplifier The downlink channel signals are amplified to generate through amplifying downlink channel signals.Channel selection filter selects the warp Amplify one or more of downlink channel signals via antenna wireless to be transmitted at least one described client device.The Two couplers guide the transmission medium to the guided wave communication system so as to conduct for described through amplification downlink channel signals Second guided electromagnetic wave is propagated.Channel duplexer by it is described through amplify downlink channel signals be delivered to the coupler and It is delivered to the channel selection filter.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of method includes: from the of the transmission medium for being restricted to guided wave communication system Downlink channel signals are extracted in one guided electromagnetic wave；The downlink channel signals are amplified to generate through amplification downlink letter Road signal；Select it is described through amplification one or more of downlink channel signals with via antenna wireless be transmitted to it is described at least One client device；And the downlink channel signals of being amplified are guided to transmission Jie of the guided wave communication system Matter as the second guided electromagnetic wave to be propagated.
According to one or more embodiments, a kind of relay equipment includes the first coupler, and first coupler is matched It sets for extracting downlink channel signals from the first guided electromagnetic wave of the transmission medium for being restricted to guided wave communication system.Amplifier The downlink channel signals are amplified to generate through amplifying downlink channel signals.Channel selection filter selects the warp Amplify one or more of downlink channel signals via antenna wireless to be transmitted at least one described client device.The Two couplers guide the transmission medium to the guided wave communication system so as to conduct for described through amplification downlink channel signals Second guided electromagnetic wave is propagated.
Referring now to fig. 1, the block diagram 100 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram guided wave communication system is shown.It is grasping In work, transmission device 101 receives one or more signals of communication 110 including data from communication network or other communication equipments, And generate guided wave 120, with via transmission medium 125 by the data transmission to transmission device 102.The reception of transmission device 102 is led Wave 120 simultaneously converts thereof into signal of communication 112, and the signal of communication includes for being transmitted to communication network or other communication equipments Data.Guided wave 120 can be modulated, via such as phase-shift keying (PSK), frequency shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, amplitude modulation, overloading Wave modulate the modulation techniques such as (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and via such as frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, via It different wave propagation modes and carries out the multiple access technique such as being multiplexed via other modulation and access strategy transmitting data.
One or more of communication networks may include cordless communication network, such as mobile data network, cellular voice With data network, WLAN (for example, WiFi or 802.xx network), satellite communication network, personal area network or other wireless networks Network.One or more of communication networks can also include wireline communication network, such as telephone network, Ethernet, local area network, wide Domain net (such as internet), broadband access network, cable television network, fiber optic network or other cable networks.Communication equipment can To include network edge device, bridging device or home gateway, set-top box, broadband modem, telephone adapter, access Point, base station or other fixed communication apparatus, mobile communication equipment (such as automobile gateway or automobile), laptop computer, plate Computer, smart phone, cellular phone or other communication equipments.
In the exemplary embodiment, the guided wave communication system of schematic diagram 100 can be operated in a bi-directional way, wherein transmission Equipment 102 receives one or more signals of communication 112 including other data from communication network or equipment and generates guided wave 122, to transmit other described data to transmission device 101 via transmission medium 125.In this mode of operation, transmission device 101 reception guided waves 122 and be converted into include other data signal of communication 110, for communication network or equipment biography It is defeated.Guided wave 122 can be modulated, via such as phase-shift keying (PSK), frequency shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, amplitude modulation, multicarrier Modulate the modulation techniques such as (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and via such as frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, via not It carries out the multiple access technique such as being multiplexed with wave propagation mode and via other modulation and access strategy to transmit data.
Transmission medium 125 may include cable, and the cable has by dielectric substance (such as insulator or other electricity Jie Matter covering, coating or other dielectric substances) surround at least one interior section, the dielectric substance have outer surface With corresponding perimeter.In the exemplary embodiment, transmission medium 125 is operated as single-wire line road, with guide electromagnetic waves Transmission.It may include conducting wire when transmission medium 125 is implemented as single conductor Transmission system.The conducting wire can be absolutely Edge is uninsulated, and can be (for example, the braiding) of sub-thread or multiply.In other embodiments, transmission medium 125 can be with Conductor comprising other shapes or construction, including harness, cable, bar, track, pipeline.In addition, transmission medium 125 may include Non-conductor, such as dielectric tube, bar, track or other dielectric components；Conductor and dielectric substance, conductor but does not have electricity and be situated between The combination of material or other guided waves propagation media.It should be noted that transmission medium 125 can otherwise include previous Any one of transmission medium of discussion.
Further, as discussed previously, guided wave 120 and 122 can be with the radio transmission on free space/air The defeated or electric power of the conductor by conducting wire or the conventional propagation of signal via circuit is contrasted.In addition to guided wave 120 and 122 Except propagation, transmission medium 125 can also be optionally comprising propagating in a usual manner as a part of one or more circuits One or more of electric power or other signals of communication conducting wire.
Referring now to Fig. 2, the block diagram 200 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram transmission device is shown.Transmission device 101 or 102 include communication interface (I/F) 205, transceiver 210 and coupler 220.
In the example of operation, communication interface 205 receives the signal of communication 110 or 112 including data.In each embodiment In, communication interface 205 may include for according to wireless standard protocol (such as LTE or other cellular voices and data protocol, WiFi or 802.11 agreements, WIMAX agreement, ultra wide band protocols, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol, direct broadcast satellite (DBS) or Other satellite communication protocols or other wireless protocols) receive wireless communication signals wireless interface.Additionally or alternatively, it communicates Interface 205 includes according to Ethernet protocol, universal serial bus (USB) agreement, cable service data-interface specification (DOCSIS) Agreement, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) agreement, Firewire (IEEE 1394) agreement or the wireline interface of other wire line protocols operation. Other than measured agreement, communication interface 205 can be combined with other wired or wireless agreements and operate together, including upper State standard agreement be modified to for example with combine guided wave communication system network or entirely different agreement together with operate work as Any variant in preceding variant or plan variant.In addition, communication interface 205 can be optionally in combination with the association including multiple protocol layers View stack is operated together, and the multiple protocol layer includes MAC protocol, transportation protocol, application protocol etc..
In the example of operation, transceiver 210 is based on signal of communication 110 or 112 and generates electromagnetic wave, to transmit data.Institute Electromagnetic wave is stated at least one carrier frequency and at least one respective wavelength.Carrier frequency can be in 30GHz to 300GHz Millimeter wave frequency band in (such as 60GHz), or within the scope of 30GHz to 40GHz or be in microwave frequency range 300MHz to 30GHz more low band frequency range (carrier frequency in such as 26GHz to 30GHz, 11GHz, 6GHz or 3GHz), but It is that will be appreciated that, other carrier frequencies are possible in other embodiments.In one operative mode, transceiver 210 Up-conversion only is carried out to one or more of signals of communication 110 or 112, for believing the electromagnetism in microwave or millimeter wave frequency band It number is transmitted as the guide electromagnetic waves for guiding or being restricted to the transmission medium by transmission medium 125.It is operated in another kind Under mode, communication interface 205 or signal of communication 110 or 112 is converted into baseband signal or nearly baseband signal or from communication Extract data in signal 110 or 112, and transceiver 210 using the data, base band or nearly baseband signal to high frequency carrier into Row modulation is to be transmitted.It is to be appreciated that transceiver 210 can be modulated and be received via signal of communication 110 or 112 Data, with will pass through in the payload for be encapsulated in different agreement or kept by simple frequency displacement signal of communication 110 or 112 one or more data communication protocols.In alternative solution, transceiver 210 will otherwise can be believed via communication Number 110 or 112 data received are converted to one or more of data communication protocols of signal of communication 110 or 112 not Same agreement.
In operation example, coupler 220 is coupled to transmission medium 125 using electromagnetic wave as guided electromagnetic wave to transmit One or more of signals of communication 110 or 112.Although previous description concentrates on operation of the transceiver 210 as transmitter, But transceiver 210 can also be operated to receive the electromagnetism for transmitting other data from single conductor transmission medium via coupler 220 Wave, and the signal of communication 110 or 112 including other data is generated via communication interface 205.In view of additional guided electromagnetic wave passes Return the embodiment for other data propagated along transmission medium 125.Coupler 220 can also will be from transmission medium 125 This additional electrical magnetic wave is coupled to transceiver 210 for receiving.
Transmission device 101 or 102 includes optional Training Control device 230.In the exemplary embodiment, Training Control device 230 Implemented by independent processor or the processor shared with one or more other components of transmission device 101 or 102.It is based on By transceiver 210 from the feedback data for receiving at least one remote transmission device of guided electromagnetic wave and receiving is coupled into, train The selection of controller 230 is used for carrier frequency, modulation scheme and/or the guided wave mode of guided electromagnetic wave.
In the exemplary embodiment, the guided electromagnetic wave transmitted by remote transmission device 101 or 102 transmits equally along transmission The data that medium 125 is propagated.Data from remote transmission device 101 or 102 can be generated as to include feedback data. In operation, coupler 220 also couples the guided electromagnetic wave from transmission medium 125, and transceiver receives electromagnetic wave and locates The electromagnetic wave is managed to extract feedback data.
In the exemplary embodiment, Training Control device 230 is operated based on feedback data to assess multiple Candidate Frequencies, tune Scheme and/or transmission mode processed, so that carrier frequency, modulation scheme and/or transmission mode be selected (such as to handle up to enhance performance Amount, signal strength), reduce propagation loss etc..
Consider following example: by being used as in the multiple Candidate Frequencies of correspondence using multiple guided waves and/or being directed to coupling To the test signal (such as pilot wave) of the candidate pattern of the remote transmission device 102 of transmission medium 125 or other test signals It is sent to the remote transmission device, transmission device 101 starts to operate under the control of Training Control device 230.The guided wave can Additionally or alternatively to include test data.The test data can indicate the signal particular candidate frequency and/or Guided wave mode.In embodiment, the Training Control device 230 at remote transmission device 102 is received from appropriate received any Test signal and/or test data in guided wave, and determine optimal candidate frequency and/or guided wave mode, one group it is acceptable The sequence of the ranking of Candidate Frequency and/or guided wave mode or Candidate Frequency and/or guided wave mode.To (multiple) Candidate Frequency or/and By Training Control device 230, (such as reception signal is strong for optimisation criteria based on one or more for this selection of (a variety of) leading mode Degree, bit error rate, packet error probability, signal-to-noise ratio, propagation loss etc.) it generates.Training Control device 230 generates instruction and waits to (multiple) The feedback data of the selection of selected frequency or/and (a variety of) guided wave mode, and by the feedback data be sent to transceiver 210 with It is transmitted to transmission device 101.Transmission device 101 and 102 may then based on to (multiple) Candidate Frequency or/and (a variety of) guided wave The selection of mode and transmit data each other.
In other embodiments, the guided electromagnetic wave comprising test signal and/or test data is by remote transmission device 102 It is reflected back, relays back or otherwise loops back to transmission device 101, for the transmission device 101 by initiating these waves Training Control device 230 carries out reception and analysis.For example, transmission device 101 can be sent to remote transmission device 102 for initiating The signal of test pattern, under the test pattern, physical reflection device connects route, terminates impedance and changes to cause instead It penetrates, opens loopback mode so that electromagnetic wave coupling is back to source transmission device 102, and/or enable Repeater-mode to amplify It is simultaneously transmitted again and is back to source transmission device 102 by electromagnetic wave.The reception of Training Control device 230 at source transmission device 102 comes from Test signal and/or test data in appropriate received any guided wave, and it is determining to (multiple) Candidate Frequency or/and (more Kind) selection of guided wave mode.
Although describing the above process in starting or initialization operation mode, each transmission device 101 or 102 can also send test signal in other times or continuously, wait via the non-test transmission such as normal transmission to assess Selected frequency or guided wave mode otherwise assess Candidate Frequency or guided wave mode.In the exemplary embodiment, transmission device Communication protocol between 101 and transmission device 102 may include that should ask or periodical test pattern, wherein to Candidate Frequency and leading The Complete test of wave mode subset or more limit test are tested and assess.Under other operation modes, reenter this Test pattern can trigger and the performance as caused by disturbance, weather conditions etc. declines.In the exemplary embodiment, transceiver 210 receiver bandwidth is sufficiently wide or be swept to receive all Candidate Frequencies or can be by Training Control device 230 It is selectively adjusted training mode, under the training mode, the receiver bandwidth of transceiver 210 is sufficiently wide or is swept To receive all Candidate Frequencies.
Referring now to Fig. 3, the figure schematic diagram 300 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram magnetic distribution is shown.? In the present embodiment, the transmission medium 125 in air includes the insulating sheath 302 of inner conductor 301 and dielectric substance, such as with cross Shown in section.Schematic diagram 300 includes the difference for indicating to be generated by the propagation of the guided wave with asymmetric and non-fundamental wave guided wave mode The different grey-scale of electromagnetic field intensity.
Specifically, magnetic distribution corresponds to mode " most effective point (sweet spot) ", and the most effective point of mode increases It is strong to be propagated along the guided electromagnetic wave of dielectric transmission medium and reduce end-to-end transmission loss.Under this AD HOC, Electromagnetic wave is guided by transmission medium 125 so as to along the outer surface of transmission medium --- and it is in this case insulating sheath 302 Outer surface propagated.Electromagnetic wave is partly embedded in insulator and partly on the outer surface of insulator and radiates. By this method, electromagnetic wave " light " is coupled to insulator to enable to carry out Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in distant location with low propagation loss.
As shown, guided wave, which has, is primarily or essentially located at outside the transmission medium 125 for guide electromagnetic waves Field structure.Region inside conductor 301 has seldom field or does not have field.Equally, the region inside insulating sheath 302 has low field By force.The major part of electromagnetic field intensity is distributed over the outer surface of insulating sheath 302 and the lobe 304 very close with it In.The presence of asymmetric guided wave mode by insulating sheath 302 outer surface top and bottom high electromagnetic field intensity other show Out (in the orientation of schematic diagram) --- it is opposite with the very small field strength on the side of insulating sheath 302.
Shown in example correspond to by diameter be 1.1cm conducting wire and with a thickness of 0.36cm dielectric guide The electromagnetic wave of 38GHz.Because electromagnetic wave is guided by transmission medium 125, and most of field strength is concentrated in the limited of outer surface In the air of the outside of insulating sheath 302 in distance, so guided wave can be vertical along transmission medium 125 with low-down loss It is propagated to downward.In shown example, this " limited distance " with and outer surface be apart less than the maximum cross of transmission medium 125 The distance of the half of cross-sectional dimension is corresponding.In this case, the maximum cross section dimension of conducting wire is corresponding to the whole of 1.82cm Body diameter, however, this value can change with the size and shape of transmission medium 125.For example, if transmission medium 125 is adopted With a height of 0.3cm and rectangular shape that width is 0.4cm, then the diagonal line of maximum cross section dimension will be 0.5cm, and corresponding Limited distance will be 0.25cm.The dimension in the region comprising most of field strength changes also as frequency, and usually with load The reduction of wave frequency rate and increase.
It should also be noted that the component (such as coupler and transmission medium) of guided wave communication system is directed to every kind of guided wave mould Formula can have the cutoff frequency of their own.Cutoff frequency generally illustrates specific guided wave mode and is designed to by that particular portion The low-limit frequency that part is supported.In the exemplary embodiment, specific non-shown by being generated on transmission medium 125 by electromagnetic wave Symmetric propagation mode, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave fall in the limited range of the lower-cut-off frequency Fc of this specific asymmetric mode (in such as Fc to 2Fc).Characteristic of the lower-cut-off frequency Fc specific to transmission medium 125.For it is shown include being insulated The embodiment for the inner conductor 301 that sheath 302 surrounds, this cutoff frequency can dimension based on insulating sheath 302 and property with And potentially the dimension and property of inner conductor 301 and change, and can be determined experimentally as that there is desired mode Pattern.It should be noted, however, that similar effect can be found by being directed to hollow dielectric or insulator without inner conductor Fruit.In this case, cutoff frequency can dimension based on hollow dielectric or insulator and characteristic and change.
In the frequency lower than lower-cut-off frequency, asymmetric mode is difficult to induct in transmission medium 125, and can only Propagate inappreciable distance.As frequency increases on the limited frequency range about cutoff frequency, asymmetric mode is got over To be displaced to the inside of insulating sheath 302 more.In the frequency much larger than cutoff frequency, field strength no longer concentrates on insulation shield Set is external, but mainly in the inside of insulating sheath 302.Although transmission medium 125 for electromagnetic wave provide it is stronger guidance and Propagation be still it is possible, but range due to the propagation in insulating sheath 302 it is increased loss and be more restricted --- with The air of surrounding is opposite.
Referring now to Fig. 4, the figure schematic diagram 400 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram magnetic distribution is shown.Tool Body, diagrammatic cross-sectional view 400 similar with Fig. 3 is shown with the common reference numerals for referring to similar components.What is shown shows Example corresponds to the wave of the 60GHz guided by conducting wire of the diameter for 1.1cm and the dielectric with a thickness of 0.36cm.Because leading The frequency of wave is higher than the limited range of the cutoff frequency of this specific asymmetric mode, so the major part of field strength is protected to insulation Cover 302 internal blases.Specifically, field strength is concentrated mainly on the inside of insulating sheath 302.Although transmission medium 125 is to electromagnetic wave It provides stronger guidance and to propagate is still possible, but when compared with the embodiment with Fig. 3, range is due to insulating sheath Propagation in 302 and increased loss and be more restricted.
Referring now to Fig. 5 A, the figure schematic diagram of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram frequency response is shown.Specifically, Schematic diagram 500 presents the curve graph of the end-to-end loss (as unit of dB) of the function as frequency, is covered in 200cm insulation Press the magnetic distribution 510,520 and 530 at three points of conducting wire.In each magnetic distribution, insulator and surrounding air Between boundary indicated by appended drawing reference 525.
As discussed in association with figure 3, the shown asymmetric biography of expectation is generated on transmission medium 125 by electromagnetic wave The example of mode is broadcast, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave falls in the lower-cut-off frequency of the transmission medium for this specific asymmetric mode The limited range of Fc is (in such as Fc to 2Fc).Specifically, it is " most effective to fall in this mode for the magnetic distribution 520 at 6GHz In point ", the most effective point of mode enhances the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation along dielectric transmission medium and reduces end-to-end transmission Loss.Under this AD HOC, waveguiding portion it is embedded in and is radiated on the outer surface of insulator in the insulator and partly. By this method, electromagnetic wave " light " is coupled to insulator to enable to carry out guided electromagnetic wave biography in distant location with low propagation loss It broadcasts.
Under the more low frequency that the magnetic distribution 510 under by 3GHz indicates, asymmetric mode radiation is more, to generate Higher propagation loss.Under the higher frequency that the magnetic distribution 530 under by 9GHz indicates, asymmetric mode is more and more To insulating sheath internal blas, to provide excessive absorption, higher propagation loss is produced again.
Referring now to Fig. 5 B, the example for showing the longitudinal cross-section of diagram transmission medium 125 (such as insulated conductor) is non- The figure schematic diagram 550 of restricted embodiment is depicted at the guided electromagnetic wave field under multiple and different operating frequencies.Such as schematic diagram Shown in 556, when guided electromagnetic wave is generally in cutoff frequency (f corresponding with mode " most effective point "c) under when, lead Row electromagnetic wave is loosely coupled to insulated conductor, reduces so that absorbing, and the field of guided electromagnetic wave is fully limited To reduce the amount being radiated in environment (for example, air).Due to the absorption and lower, the propagation loss of radiation of guided electromagnetic wave field Therefore lower, so that guided electromagnetic wave field energy enough propagates longer distance.
As shown in schematic diagram 554, when the operating frequency of guided electromagnetic wave field increases to approximately twice as cutoff frequency (fc) more than --- or when being referred to as the range of " most effective point " or more, propagation loss increases.More field strength of electromagnetic wave exist It is driven in insulating layer, increases propagation loss.Than cutoff frequency (fc) under much higher frequency, due to by guided electromagnetic wave The field of transmitting concentrates in the insulating layer of conducting wire, therefore guided electromagnetic wave is restricted to by force insulated conductor, as shown in schematic diagram 552 Out.This absorbs guided electromagnetic wave further as insulating layer in turn and produces propagation loss.Similarly, work as guided electromagnetic wave Operating frequency be substantially less than cutoff frequency (fc) when, propagation loss increases, as shown in schematic diagram 558.Than cut-off Frequency (fc) under much lower frequency, guided electromagnetic wave is restricted to insulated conductor by weak (or minimally (nominally)), And thus tend to be radiated in environment (for example, air), this produces propagation damage due to the radiation of guided electromagnetic wave in turn Consumption.
Referring now to Fig. 6, the figure schematic diagram 600 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram magnetic distribution is shown.? In the present embodiment, transmission medium 602 is bare conductor, as being illustrated in cross-section.Schematic diagram 600 includes indicating symmetrical and non-by having The guided wave of fundamental wave guided wave mode propagates the different grey-scale of different electromagnetic field intensity generated under single carrier frequency.
Under this AD HOC, electromagnetic wave is guided by transmission medium 602 so as to along the outer surface of transmission medium --- It is propagated in this case for the outer surface of bare conductor.Electromagnetic wave " light " be coupled to conducting wire so as to enable distant location with Low propagation loss carries out Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.As shown, guided wave has transmission Jie being located substantially on for guide electromagnetic waves Field structure outside matter 602.Region inside conductor 625 has seldom field or does not have field.
Referring now to Fig. 7, the block diagram 700 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram arc coupler is shown.Specifically, Present Coupling device used in the equal transmission devices of transmission device 101 or 102 for being presented in conjunction with Fig. 1.Coupling Equipment includes the arc coupler 704 for being coupled to transmitter circuit 712 and termination or damper 714.Arc coupler 704 can be with It is made of dielectric substance or other low-loss and insulating bodies (for example, Teflon, polyethylene etc.) or by conductive (for example, gold Belong to, is nonmetallic etc.) material is made or any combination of previous materials.As shown, arc coupler 704 is used as waveguide It is operated, and there is the wave 706 propagated around the waveguide surface of arc coupler 704 as guided wave.Shown In embodiment out, at least part of arc coupler 704 can be placed on conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums (such as pass Defeated medium 125) near, to promote the coupling between arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums, such as herein It is described to emit guided wave 708 on conducting wire.Arc coupler 704 may be positioned so that curved arc coupler 704 a part is tangent and parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702.Arc coupler 704 it is parallel with conducting wire described in Part can be the vertex of curve or be the curve near tangent any point parallel with conducting wire 702.When 704 quilt of arc coupler So positioning or when placing, the wave 706 that arcuately coupler 704 is advanced at least partly is coupled to conducting wire 702, and as leading Wave 708 is propagated around the conductive line surfaces of conducting wire 702 or nearby and longitudinally along conducting wire 702.Guided wave 708 can be characterized as being Surface wave guides or is restricted to the conducting wire or other electromagnetism of other transmission mediums by conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums Wave.
A part that wave 706 is not coupled to conducting wire 702 is propagated as the wave 710 of arcuately coupler 704.It should It is appreciated that arc coupler 704 can be configured and arranged in various positions about conducting wire 702, to realize Wave 706 arrives the coupling or non-coupled of the aspiration level of conducting wire 702.For example, the arc coupling parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702 (in embodiment, this may include zero interval for the curvature and/or length of clutch 704 and its spacing distance for arriving the conducting wire Distance) it can change without departing substantially from example embodiment.Equally, arc coupler 704 can about the arrangement of conducting wire 702 With based on to conducting wire 702 and arc coupler 704 correspondence inherent characteristic (for example, thickness, form, electromagnetic property etc.) and The considerations of characteristic (for example, frequency, energy water equality) of wave 706 and 708 and change.
Even in the bending of conducting wire 702 and buckling, guided wave 708 still keeps parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702.Conducting wire Bending in 702 can increase transmission loss, and transmission loss additionally depends on diameter of wire, frequency and material.If in order to efficient Power conveying and select the dimension of arc coupler 704, then most of power in wave 706 is transported to conducting wire 702, in wave Remaining power is seldom in 710.It is to be appreciated that guided wave 708 substantially still can be the (described herein of multi-mode ), including advance with non-fundamental wave or asymmetrical mode, while along the path parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702, With or without fundamental wave transmission mode.In embodiment, non-fundamental mode or asymmetric mode can be used for minimizing transmission It is lost and/or obtains increased propagation distance.
It should be noted that term " parallel " is usually geometrical construction, it in systems in practice often can not be accurately real Existing.Correspondingly, when being used to describe embodiment disclosed in the disclosure, the term such as used in the disclosure is " parallel " to be indicated Approximate rather than accurate configuration.In embodiment, substantially parallel may include in all dimensions at really parallel 30 degree Interior approximation.
In embodiment, wave 706 can show one or more wave propagation modes.The arc coupler patterns can be with Shape and/or design depending on coupler 704.One or more arc coupler patterns of wave 706 can be generated, shadow Ring or impact the one or more wave propagation modes for the guided wave 708 propagated along conducting wire 702.However, it should be noted that leading Guided wave mode present in wave 706 can be identical or different with the guided wave mode of guided wave 708.By this method, one kind of guided wave 706 Or a variety of guided wave modes can not be transported to guided wave 708, and further, one or more guided wave modes of guided wave 708 May not yet exist in guided wave 706.It should also be noted that the cut-off of the arc coupler 704 for specific guided wave mode Frequency may be different from the cutoff frequency that conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums are directed to same mode.For example, conducting wire 702 or its His transmission medium can be with when slightly above it is operated for the cutoff frequency of specific guided wave mode, arc coupler 704 can To be directed to this same mould to be slightly below it to be operable to reduce loss for the cutoff frequency of same mode much higher than it The cutoff frequency of formula is operable to for example induct bigger coupling and power Transmission, or to be directed to this with arc coupler Some related other point of the cutoff frequency of mode are operated.
In embodiment, the wave propagation mode on conducting wire 702 can be similar to arc coupler patterns, because of 706 He of wave Both 708 are propagated in the exterior circumferential of arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702 respectively.In some embodiments, when wave 706 When being coupled to conducting wire 702, due to the coupling between arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702, the mode can change form, or The new mode of person can be created or generate.For example, the size of arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702, material and/or impedance Difference can create the additional modes being not present in arc coupler patterns and/or can inhibit some arc coupler patterns. Wave propagation mode may include fundamental wave transversal electromagnetic mode (quasi- TEM00), wherein only lesser electric field and/or magnetic field are in propagation side It upwardly extends, and electric and magnetic fields extend radially outwardly while guided wave is along wire spread.This guided wave mode can be Annular, wherein seldom it is present in arc coupler 704 or conducting wire 702 in these electromagnetic fields.
Wave 706 and 708 may include the fundamental wave TEM mode that field extends radially outwardly, and further include other non-fundamental wave (examples Such as, asymmetrical, more advanced etc.) mode.Although specific wave propagation mode is discussed above, it is based on used frequency Rate, the design of arc coupler 704, the dimension of conducting wire 702 and composition and its surface characteristic, its insulation (if there is Words), the electromagnetic property of ambient enviroment etc., other wave propagation modes are equally possible, other described wave propagation modes are such as horizontal To electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode.It should be noted that special depending on frequency, the electrical characteristics of conducting wire 702 and physics Property and specific wave propagation mode generated, guided wave 708 can be led along the uninsulated conductor of oxidation, unoxidized do not insulate Line, the conductive surface of insulated conductor and/or the insulating surface traveling along insulated conductor.
In embodiment, the diameter of arc coupler 704 is less than the diameter of conducting wire 702.For used millimeter wave frequency Bandgap wavelength, arc coupler 704 are supported to constitute the unicast waveguide mode of wave 706.This unicast waveguide mode can be at it as guided wave 708 changes when being coupled to conducting wire 702.If arc coupler 704 is bigger, more than one waveguide mode can be supported, still These additional waveguide modes possibly equally can not efficiently be coupled to conducting wire 702, and may cause higher coupling loss. But in some alternative embodiments, the diameter of arc coupler 704 can be equal to or more than the diameter of conducting wire 702, for example, In the place of the higher coupling loss of expectation or when being combined to otherwise reduce coupling loss with other technologies (for example, carrying out impedance matching, etc. by being tapered).
In embodiment, the wavelength of wave 706 and 708 is dimensionally suitable, or is less than arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702 perimeter.In this example, if the corresponding perimeter of diameter and about 1.5cm of the conducting wire 702 with 0.5cm, is transmitted Wavelength is about 1.5cm or smaller, corresponding to 70GHz or bigger frequency.In another embodiment, transmission and carrier signal Suitable frequency in the range of 30GHz to 100GHz, it may be possible to about 30GHz to 60GHz, and be big in one example About 38GHz.In embodiment, when the perimeter of arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702 is dimensionally equivalent to or greater than transmission wave When long, wave 706 and 708 can be shown enough apart from upper propagation to support the more of various communication systems described herein Wave propagation mode, including fundamental wave and/or non-fundamental wave (symmetrical and/or asymmetric) mode.Therefore, wave 706 and 708 may include more It is configured in a type of electrically and magnetically field.In embodiment, when guided wave 708 is propagated along conducting wire 702, electrically and magnetically field configuration will be from One end of conducting wire 702 keeps identical to the other end.In other embodiments, when guided wave 708 encounter interference (distortion or obstacle) or Due to transmission loss or scattering and when loss of energy, electric field configuration and magnetic field configuration can be propagated in guided wave 708 along conducting wire 702 person When change.
In embodiment, arc coupler 704 can be by nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, polyamide or other plastics structures At.In other embodiments, other dielectric substances are possible.The conductive line surfaces of conducting wire 702 can be with exposed gold The metal of metal surface, or plastics can be used, dielectric, insulator or other coatings, sheath or shell insulate.Implementing In example, dielectric or other non-conductive/insulation waveguides can be matched with naked/plain conductor or insulated conductor.In other embodiments In, metal and/or conductive wave-guide can be matched with naked/plain conductor or insulated conductor.In embodiment, in the naked of conducting wire 702 Oxide layer (for example, generating since bare metallic surface is exposed to oxygen/air) on dew metal surface can also provide similar In insulation or dielectric property by some insulators or sheath offer.
It should be noted that the graphical representation of wave 706,708 and 710 is merely to illustrate that wave 706 for example as list Induct on the conducting wire 702 of wire transmission line loop operation or otherwise emits the principle of guided wave 708.The expression of wave 710 is generating The part of the wave 706 on arc coupler 704 is retained in after guided wave 708.The reality generated as the result that this wave is propagated Electrically and magnetically field can depend on used frequency, one or more specific wave propagation modes, arc coupler 704 and set on border Meter, the dimension of conducting wire 702 and composition and its surface characteristic, its optional insulation, ambient enviroment electromagnetic property etc. and change.
It should be noted that arc coupler 704 can include absorbable from wave in the end of arc coupler 704 710 residual radiation or the termination circuit of energy or damper 714.Termination circuit or damper 714 can prevent and/or minimum Change the residual radiation being reflected back towards transmitter circuit 712 or energy from wave 710.In embodiment, termination circuit or damping Device 714 may include termination resistor and/or execute impedance matching with the other component of reflection attenuation.In some embodiments, If coupling efficiency is sufficiently high and/or wave 710 is sufficiently small, it would be possible that termination circuit or damper 714 need not be used.In order to For the sake of simplicity, these transmitter circuits 712 and termination circuit or damper 714 may not depicted in the other drawings, but It is that may use transmitter circuit and termination circuit or damper in those embodiments.
In addition, though presenting the single arc coupler 704 for generating single guided wave 708, but can be led using on edge The multiple arcs coupler 704 that the difference of line 702 and/or the different direction orientation around conducting wire are placed, to generate and connect Receive in identical or different frequency, in identical or different phase, in multiple guided waves of identical or different wave propagation mode 708。
Fig. 8 shows the block diagram 800 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram arc coupler.In shown implementation In example, at least part of coupler 704 can be placed on conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums (such as transmission medium 125) are attached Closely, to promote the coupling between arc coupler 704 and conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums, to extract the one of guided wave 806 Part is used as guided wave 808 as described herein.Arc coupler 704 may be positioned so that curved arc coupler 704 A part it is tangent and parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702.The portion parallel with conducting wire of arc coupler 704 It point can be the vertex of curve or be the curve near tangent any point parallel with conducting wire 702.When arc coupler 704 is by such as When this positioning or placement, the wave 806 advanced along conducting wire 702 is at least partly coupled to arc coupler 704, and as guided wave 808 arcuately coupler 704 propagate to receiving device (being not explicitly shown).Wave 806 is not coupled to one of arc coupler It is allocated as to be propagated along the wave 810 of conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums.
In embodiment, wave 806 can show one or more wave propagation modes.The arc coupler patterns can be with Shape and/or design depending on coupler 704.One or more modes of guided wave 806 can be generated, influence or impact along arc The one or more guided wave modes for the guided wave 808 that shape coupler 704 is propagated.However, it should be noted that in guided wave 806 Existing guided wave mode can be identical or different with the guided wave mode of guided wave 808.By this method, guided wave 806 is one or more Guided wave mode can not be transported to guided wave 808, and further, and one or more guided wave modes of guided wave 808 may be still Do not exist in guided wave 806.
Referring now to Fig. 9 A, the block diagram 900 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram branched-guide coupler is shown.Specifically Ground, presenting for waiting in the transmission device 101 or 102 presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 includes cutting back used in transmission devices The Coupling device of line coupler 904.Branched-guide coupler 904 can by dielectric substance or other low-loss and insulating bodies (for example, Teflon, polyethylene etc.) it is made or is made of conductive (for example, metal, nonmetallic etc.) material or previous materials are appointed Meaning combination.As shown, branched-guide coupler 904 is operated as waveguide, and is had as guided wave in stub coupling The wave 906 propagated around the waveguide surface of clutch 904.In the embodiment illustrated, branched-guide coupler 904 is at least A part can be placed near conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums (such as transmission medium 125), to promote stub to couple Coupling between device 904 and conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums, as described herein so as to the transmitting guided wave 908 on conducting wire.
In embodiment, branched-guide coupler 904 is curved, and the end of branched-guide coupler 904 may be tied to, It is fastened to or is otherwise mechanically coupled to conducting wire 702.It is short when the end of branched-guide coupler 904 is fastened to conducting wire 702 The end of transversal coupler 904 is parallel or substantially parallel with conducting wire 702.Alternatively, more than the dielectric waveguide of end Another part can fasten or be coupled to conducting wire 702, so that fastening or coupling unit are parallel with conducting wire 702 or substantially flat Row.Fastener 910 can be the integrated component for separating or being configured to branched-guide coupler 904 with branched-guide coupler 904 Nylon cable band or other kinds of non-conductive/dielectric substance.Branched-guide coupler 904 can be neighbouring with conducting wire 702 Without surrounding conducting wire 702.
Just as arc coupler 704 described in conjunction with Figure 7, when branched-guide coupler 904 is placed with its end and leads When line 702 is parallel, the guided wave 906 advanced along branched-guide coupler 904 is coupled to conducting wire 702, and as guided wave 908 in conducting wire It is propagated around 702 conductive line surfaces.In the exemplary embodiment, guided wave 908 can be characterized as surface wave or other electricity Magnetic wave.
It should be noted that the graphical representation that wave 906 and 908 is presented is solely to show that wave 906 for example as list Induct on the conducting wire 702 of wire transmission line loop operation or otherwise emits the principle of guided wave 908.It is propagated as this wave As a result electrically and magnetically field can depend on the shape of coupler and/or the phase of design, dielectric waveguide and conducting wire to the reality generated To position, used frequency, the design of branched-guide coupler 904, the dimension of conducting wire 702 and composition and its surface characteristic, It optionally insulate, one or more in the electromagnetic property of ambient enviroment etc. and change.
In embodiment, the end of branched-guide coupler 904 can be tapered towards conducting wire 702, to increase coupling effect Rate.In fact, according to the example embodiment of this theme disclosure, being tapered for the end of branched-guide coupler 904 can be with Impedance matching is provided for conducting wire 702 and reduces reflection.For example, the end of branched-guide coupler 904 can be tapered, to obtain Obtain the coupling such as the aspiration level in Fig. 9 A between illustrated wave 906 and wave 908.
In embodiment, fastener 910 may be positioned so that at the end of fastener 910 and branched-guide coupler 904 There are the branched-guide couplers of short length 904 between portion.When the end for the branched-guide coupler 904 for being more than fastener 910 When length is that at least several wavelength of any frequency for just being transmitted are long, maximum coupling efficiency is in the present embodiment by reality It is existing.
Turning now to Fig. 9 B, show diagram be distributed according to the electromagnetism of various aspects described herein it is example, non-limiting The schematic diagram 950 of embodiment.Specifically, electromagnetism distribution is presented in two dimensions of transmission device for including coupler 952, It is shown in the example branched-guide coupler being made of dielectric substance.952 pairs of coupler as guided waves along conducting wire 702 or other The electromagnetic wave that the outer surface of transmission medium is propagated is coupled.
Coupler 952 guides electromagnetic wave to x via Guided mode0The contact at place.Although along coupler 952 into The some energy for the electromagnetic wave that row is propagated are in the outside of coupler 952, but most of energy of this electromagnetic wave is included in coupling In device 952.x0The contact at place couples conducting wire 702 or other biographies for electromagnetic wave with azimuth corresponding with transmission medium bottom Defeated medium.This coupling inducted be channeled on direction 956 via at least one guided wave mode along conducting wire 702 or other The electromagnetic wave that the outer surface of transmission medium is propagated.Most of energy of guided electromagnetic wave is situated between in conducting wire 702 or other transmission Outside the outer surface of the matter but very close outer surface.In shown example, x0The contact at place is formed via symmetric mode The electromagnetic wave that both formula and at least one asymmetric surface mode (the single order mode such as presented in conjunction with Fig. 3) are propagated, At least one asymmetric surface mode skips over conducting wire 702 or the surface of other transmission mediums.
It will be noted that the example that the figure of guided wave guided wave coupling just for the sake of diagram and propagated is presented.As this Result that kind of wave is propagated and the practical electric and magnetic fields generated can depend on used frequency, the design of coupler 952 and/ Or configuration, the dimension and composition of conducting wire 702 or other transmission mediums and its surface characteristic, its insulate (if present), Electromagnetic property of ambient enviroment etc. and change.
Turning now to Figure 10 A, diagram is according to the coupler of various aspects described herein and showing for transceiver system The block diagram 1000 of example non-limiting embodiment.The system is the example of transmission device 101 or 102.Specifically, communication interface 1008 be the example of communication interface 205, and branched-guide coupler 1002 is the example of coupler 220, and emitter/receiver is set Standby 1006, double letter devices 1016, power amplifier 1014, low-noise amplifier 1018, frequency mixer 1010 and 1020 and local vibration Swing the example that transceiver 210 is collectively formed in device 1012.
In operation, the transmitting of emitter/receiver equipment 1006 and received wave are (for example, on branched-guide coupler 1002 Guided wave 1004).Guided wave 1004 can be used for transmitting from host equipment, base station, mobile device or building by communication interface 1008 Build object or signal that other equipment receive and the signal for being sent to it.Communication interface 1008 can be the entirety of system 1000 Component part.Alternatively, communication interface 1008 can be tethered at (tethered) to system 1000.Communication interface 1008 can wrap It includes and is connected to host equipment, base station, mobile device, building for interface or utilizes including such as Infrared Data Association (IrDA) Various wireless signaling protocols including the infrared protocols such as agreement or sight optical protocol are (for example, LTE, WiFi, WiMAX, IEEE 802.xx etc.) any one of other equipment wireless interface.Communication interface 1008 can also include wireline interface, such as Fibre circuit, coaxial cable, twisted pair, the 5th class (CAT-5) cable are used for via agreement and host equipment, base station, movement Other suitable wired or optical mediums that equipment, building or other equipment are communicated, the agreement such as Ethernet are assisted View, universal serial bus (USB) agreement, cable service data-interface specification (DOCSIS) agreement, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) association View, firewire (IEEE 1394) agreement or other wired or optical protocols.It is used as the implementation of repeater for wherein system 1000 Example, communication interface 1008 can be unnecessary.
The output signal (for example, Tx) of communication interface 1008 can give birth at frequency mixer 1010 with by local oscillator 1012 At carrier wave (millimeter wave carrier) be combined.Heterodyne (heterodyning) technology or other frequencies can be used in frequency mixer 1010 Shifting technology carries out frequency displacement to the output signal from communication interface 1008.For example, being sent to communication interface 1008 and being connect from communication Mouthful signal sent can be modulated signal, such as according to long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocols or other wireless 3G, 4G, 5G or The orthogonal frequency that higher voice-and-data agreement, Zigbee, WIMAX, ultra wide band or 802.11 wireless protocols of IEEE format It is multiplexed (OFDM) signal；Wire line protocols, such as Ethernet protocol, universal serial bus (USB) agreement, cable service data-interface Specification (DOCSIS) agreement, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) agreement, firewire (IEEE 1394) agreement or other wired or wireless agreements. In the exemplary embodiment, this frequency conversion can carry out in analog domain, and therefore, can not consider base station, movement Frequency displacement is carried out in the case where the type for the communication protocol that equipment uses in equipment or building.As new communication technologies are developed, Communication interface 1008 can be upgraded (for example, being upgraded using software, firmware and/or hardware) or replace, and frequency displacement and biography Defeated device can retain, to simplify upgrading.Carrier wave can then be transferred to power amplifier (" PA ") 1014 and can be with It is transmitted via double letter devices 1016 via transmitter receiver equipment 1006.
The signal guided towards communication interface 1008 received from emitter/receiver equipment 1006 can be via double letter devices 1016 with other Signal separators.The signal received can be then sent to low-noise amplifier (" LNA ") 1018 to be used for Amplification.By means of local oscillator 1012, frequency mixer 1020 can be by the signal received (in some embodiments in millimeter wave In frequency band or about 38GHz) mix down to intrinsic (native) frequency.Communication interface 1008 can be then at input port (Rx) Receive transmission.
In embodiment, emitter/receiver equipment 1006 may include cylindrical or non-cylindrical metal (for example, its Can be in embodiment it is hollow, but be not drawn necessarily to scale) or other conductive or non-conductive waveguides, and stub coupling The end of clutch 1002 can be placed on it is in waveguide or emitter/receiver equipment 1006 or proximate to it so that when transmitter/connect When receiving the generation transmission of device equipment 1006, guided wave is coupled to branched-guide coupler 1002 and as guided wave 1004 in branched-guide coupler It is propagated around 1002 waveguide surface.In some embodiments, guided wave 1004 can be partly in branched-guide coupler It is propagated on 1002 outer surface and partly inside branched-guide coupler 1002.In other embodiments, guided wave 1004 can substantially or entirely be propagated on the outer surface of branched-guide coupler 1002.In also other embodiments, Guided wave 1004 can be propagated substantially or entirely inside branched-guide coupler 1002.In this later embodiment, lead Wave 1004 can be radiated in the end (all ends being tapered as shown in Figure 4) of branched-guide coupler 1002, with For being coupled to transmission medium (conducting wire 702 of such as Fig. 7).Similarly, if guided wave 1004 is being passed to (from 702 coupling of conducting wire It is bonded to branched-guide coupler 1002), then guided wave 1004 subsequently enters emitter/receiver equipment 1006 and is coupled to cylindrical wave It leads or conductive wave-guide.Although emitter/receiver equipment 1006 is shown as including individual waveguide --- day can be used Line, cavity resonator, klystron, magnetron, travelling-wave tubes or other radiating elements need come guided wave of inducting on coupler 1002 Or individual waveguide is not needed.
In embodiment, branched-guide coupler 1002 can be completely by dielectric substance (or other suitable insulating materials) It constitutes, without any metal or other conductive materials.Branched-guide coupler 1002 can by nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, Polyamide, other plastics or other are non-conductive and be suitable for convenient for the electromagnetic wave at least partly biography on the outer surface of these materials Defeated material is constituted.In another embodiment, branched-guide coupler 1002 may include conduction/metal core, and have Exterior dielectrics surface.Similarly, be coupled to branched-guide coupler 1002 for propagate generated by branched-guide coupler 1002 Electromagnetic wave or for branched-guide coupler 1002 supply electromagnetic wave transmission medium can completely by remove bare conductor or insulation Dielectric substance (or other suitable insulating materials) except conducting wire is constituted, without any metal or other conduction materials Material.
It should be noted that although Figure 10 A shows the aperture efficiency branched-guide coupler of transmitter receiver equipment 1006 1002 is much broader, but this is not in proportion, and in other embodiments, the width of branched-guide coupler 1002 and hollow wave The opening led is suitable or smaller.But the coupling being inserted into emitter/receiver equipment 1006 is also not shown in embodiment The ends taper of device 1002, to reduce reflection and to increase coupling efficiency.
Before being coupled to branched-guide coupler 1002, by the one kind for the guided wave that emitter/receiver equipment 1006 generates Or a variety of waveguide modes are coupled to branched-guide coupler 1002, with the one or more wave propagating modes for guided wave 1004 of inducting Formula.Due to the different characteristics of hollow metal waveguide and Medium Wave Guide, the wave propagation mode of guided wave 1004 can be different from hollow gold Belong to waveguide mode.For example, the wave propagation mode of guided wave 1004 may include fundamental wave transversal electromagnetic mode (quasi- TEM00), wherein only having Small electric field and/or magnetic field extends in the propagation direction, and electric and magnetic fields are radially outward prolonged from branched-guide coupler 1002 It stretches, and guided wave is propagated along branched-guide coupler 1002.There may or may not be fundamental wave transverse direction inside hollow waveguide Electromagnetic mode wave propagation mode.Therefore, the hollow metal waveguide mode used by emitter/receiver equipment 1006 is that can have Imitate and be efficiently coupled to the waveguide mode of the wave propagation mode of branched-guide coupler 1002.
It is to be appreciated that other of emitter/receiver equipment 1006 and branched-guide coupler 1002 construction or group Conjunction is possible.For example, branched-guide coupler 1002' can be relative to emitter/receiver equipment 1006'(related circuit system System is not shown) the outer surface of hollow metal waveguide tangentially or (be with or without gap) in parallel and be placed, such as the ginseng of Figure 10 B The number of examining 1000' is discribed.Not by another embodiment shown in reference number 1000', branched-guide coupler 1002' can be with It is placed on the inside of the hollow metal waveguide of emitter/receiver equipment 1006', the axis without branched-guide coupler 1002' With the axis coaxial alignment of the hollow metal waveguide of emitter/receiver equipment 1006'.Work as either one or two of in these embodiments In, it is coupled to the surface of branched-guide coupler 1002', by the guided wave that emitter/receiver equipment 1006' is generated to induct One or more wave propagation modes of guided wave 1004' on branched-guide coupler 1002', including fundamental mode is (for example, symmetric mode Formula) and/or non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode).
In one embodiment, guided wave 1004' can be partly on the outer surface of branched-guide coupler 1002' and portion Ground is divided to be propagated inside branched-guide coupler 1002'.In another embodiment, guided wave 1004' can be substantially or complete It is propagated on the outer surface of branched-guide coupler 1002' entirely.There are also in other embodiments, guided wave 1004' can be basic Above or completely propagated inside branched-guide coupler 1002'.In this later embodiment, guided wave 1004' can be short The end (all ends being tapered as shown in Figure 9) of transversal coupler 1002' is radiated, to be situated between for being coupled to transmission Matter (conducting wire 702 of such as Fig. 9).
, it will also be appreciated that other constructions of emitter/receiver equipment 1006 are possible.For example, emitter/receiver The hollow metal waveguide (as being depicted as reference number 1000 " in fig. 1 ob) of equipment 1006 " (related circuit system is not shown) can It is tangential with the outer surface relative to transmission medium (conducting wire 702 of such as Fig. 4) or be arranged in parallel in and (be with or without gap), without Use branched-guide coupler 1002.It in this embodiment, can be with coupling by the guided wave that emitter/receiver equipment 1006 " generates It is bonded to the surface of conducting wire 702, with one or more wave propagation modes of guided wave 908 on conducting wire 702 of inducting, including fundamental mode (for example, symmetric pattern) and/or non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode).In another embodiment, conducting wire 702 can be with It is located in inside the hollow metal waveguide of emitter/receiver equipment 1006 " ' (related circuit system is not shown), so that The axis of conducting wire 702 is aligned with the axis of hollow metal waveguide coaxial (or not coaxial), without the use of branched-guide coupler 1002 --- referring to Figure 10 B reference number 1000 " '.In this embodiment, it is generated by emitter/receiver equipment 1006 " ' Guided wave be coupled to the surface of conducting wire 702, with one or more wave propagation modes of guided wave 908 on conducting wire of inducting, including Fundamental mode (for example, symmetric pattern) and/or non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode).
In 1000 " and 1000 " ' embodiment, for the conducting wire 702 with insulated outer surface, guided wave 908 can part It on the outer surface of insulator and is partly propagated inside insulator on ground.In embodiment, guided wave 908 can be basic It is upper or completely on the outer surface of insulator or substantially or entirely propagated inside insulator.1000 " and In 1000 " ' embodiment, for the conducting wire 702 as bare conductor, guided wave 908 can partly on the outer surface of conductor simultaneously And it is partly propagated in conductor.In another embodiment, guided wave 908 can be substantially or entirely in the outer of conductor It is propagated on surface.
Referring now to fig. 11, show the block diagram 1100 for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of double branched-guide couplers. Specifically, it presents for double couplings used in the equal transmission devices of transmission device 101 or 102 presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 Clutch design.In embodiment, two or more couplers (such as branched-guide coupler 1104 and 1106) can be positioned at To receive guided wave 1108 around conducting wire 1102.In embodiment, a coupler is enough to receive guided wave 1108.In that situation Under, guided wave 1108 is coupled to coupler 1104 and is propagated as guided wave 1110.If the field structure of guided wave 1108 is due to (more Kind) specific guided wave mode or various external factor and vibrate or fluctuate around conducting wire 1102, then coupler 1106 can be put It is set to so that guided wave 1108 is coupled to coupler 1106.In some embodiments, four or more couplers can be placed in Around a part of conducting wire 1102, for example, it is in 90 degree or other spacing relative to each other, it can be in conducting wire 1102 to receive Around vibrate or the guided wave of rotation, wherein guided wave has been generated in different orientations or with for example taking with dependence To lobe and/or null value or other asymmetry non-fundamental wave or higher order mode.It will be understood, however, that not In the case where example embodiment, it can be placed around a part of conducting wire 1102 and be fewer of more than four couplers.
Although can equally make it should be noted that coupler 1106 and 1104 is illustrated as branched-guide coupler With any other coupling described herein including arc coupler, antenna or horn-like coupler, magnetic coupler etc. Device design.Although, it will also be appreciated that some example embodiments have been presented for it is more around at least part of conducting wire 1102 A coupler, but this multiple coupler is also considered the single coupler system with multiple coupler subconstiuents A part.For example, two or more couplers can be manufactured to individual system, the system can pacify in single installation Around conducting wire, so that coupler is according to the individual system relative to each other (manually or automatically using controllable Mechanism, such as motor or other actuators) pre-determined bit or adjustable.
Diversity combining can be used to combine from 1106 He of coupler in the receiver for being coupled to coupler 1106 and 1104 Both 1104 signals received, to maximize signal quality.In other embodiments, if in coupler 1104 and 1106 One or the other receive the transmission higher than predetermined threshold, then receiver can use choosing when determining using which signal Select diversity.Further, although illustrate by multiple couplers 1106 and 1104 carry out reception, can equally occur by The transmission carried out using the coupler 1106 and 1104 of same configuration.It specifically, can be how defeated using miscellaneous multi input (MIMO) transmission is transmitted with reception technique out, wherein the transmission device (transmission device 101 such as presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 It or 102) include multiple transceivers and multiple couplers.
It should be noted that the graphical representation of wave 1108 and 1110 is presented just for the sake of diagram guided wave 1108 in coupler Induct on 1104 or the otherwise principle of transmitted wave 1110.As the result that this wave is propagated the practical electric field that generates and Magnetic field can depend on used frequency, the design of coupler 1104, the dimension of conducting wire 1102 and composition and its surface is special Property, its insulate (if yes), the electromagnetic property etc. of ambient enviroment and change.
Referring now to fig. 12, show the block diagram 1200 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram repeater system.Specifically Ground is presented and is set for the repeater used in the equal transmission devices of transmission device 101 or 102 presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 Standby 1210.In such a system, two couplers 1204 and 1214 can be placed near conducting wire 1202 or other transmission mediums, from And make the guided wave 1205 propagated along conducting wire 1202 as wave 1206 (for example, as guided wave) and extracted by coupler 1204, And it is then promoted or is relayed by relay equipment 1210 and be launched into coupler as wave 1216 (for example, as guided wave) On 1214.Wave 1216 can then be launched on conducting wire 1202 and continue to be propagated as guided wave 1217 along conducting wire 1202. In embodiment, relay equipment 1210 can receive the power for being promoted or being relayed by the magnetic coupling with conducting wire 1202 At least part, for example, when conducting wire 1202 be power circuit or otherwise comprising power carrying conductor when.It should be noted that Although coupler 1204 and 1214 is illustrated as branched-guide coupler, packet described herein can also use Any other coupler design such as bracket coupler, antenna or horn-like coupler, magnetic coupler.
In some embodiments, relay equipment 1210 can relay transmission associated with wave 1206, and at other In embodiment, relay equipment 1210 may include communication interface 205, the communication interface extracted from wave 1206 data or other Signal so as to using this data or signal as signal of communication 110 or 112 supplied to another network and/or it is one or more other Equipment and/or signal of communication 110 or 112, and the repeater are received from another network and/or one or more other equipment Which is embedded the guided waves 1216 of received signal of communication 110 or 112 for equipment transmitting.In repeater configurations, receiver waveguide 1208 can be from 1204 received wave 1206 of coupler, and transmitter waveguide 1212 can send out guided wave 1216 as guided wave 1217 It is mapped on coupler 1214.Between receiver waveguide 1208 and transmitter waveguide 1212, the signal that is embedded in guided wave 1206 And/or guided wave 1216 itself can be amplified, with correction signal loss and other poor efficiency associated with guided wave communication, or Person's signal can be received and processed to extract data wherein included and regenerate for transmission.In embodiment, receiver Waveguide 1208 can be configured for extracting data from signal, handle the data with wrong come correction data using such as error correcting code Accidentally, and more new signal is regenerated using corrected data.Then transmitter waveguide 1212 can emit which is embedded more The guided wave 1216 of new signal.In embodiment, the signal being embedded in guided wave 1206 can be extracted from transmission and it is processed with For being carried out as signal of communication 110 or 112 via communication interface 205 and another network and/or one or more other equipment Communication.Similarly, it is inserted by the signal of communication 110 or 112 that communication interface 205 receives raw by transmitter waveguide 1212 At and the transmission of guided wave 1216 that is emitted on coupler 1214 in.
It should be noted that although Figure 12 respectively illustrates guided wave 1206 Hes of transmission for entering from the left side and leaving from the right 1216, but this is only to simplify and be not intended to limitation.In other embodiments, receiver waveguide 1208 and transmitter waveguide 1212 can also be respectively served as transmitter and receiver, so that relay equipment 1210 be allowed to be two-way.
In embodiment, relay equipment 1210 can be placed on conducting wire 1202 or other transmission mediums and exist discontinuously Or at the position of barrier.In the case where conducting wire 1202 is power circuit, these barriers may include transformer, connection, electricity Line bar and other such power circuit equipment.Relay equipment 1210 can help guided wave (for example, surface wave) to skip on route These barriers and at the same time promoted transimission power.In other embodiments, coupler can be used skipping barrier and Without using relay equipment.In this embodiment, the both ends of coupler can tie or be fastened on conducting wire, thus to lead Wave provides the path advanced without being obscured by an obstacle.
Turning now to Figure 13, diagram is according to the example, non-limiting of the both-way trunks of various aspects described herein The block diagram 1300 of embodiment.Specifically, it presents for being transmitted in transmission device 101 presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 or 102 etc. Both-way trunk equipment 1306 used in equipment.It should be noted that although coupler is illustrated as branched-guide coupler, It can also use described herein including arc coupler, antenna or horn-like coupler, magnetic coupler etc. Any other coupler design.There are two or more conducting wires or other transmission mediums, both-way trunk 1306 can use diversity paths.For different types of transmission medium, (such as insulated conductor does not insulate and leads for this guided wave transmission Line or other kinds of transmission medium) there is different efficiency of transmission and coupling efficiency, and further, if be exposed to Under each element, the influence of weather He other atmospheric conditions may be subjected to, it can be advantageous that in specific time in different transmission Selective transmission is carried out on medium.In various embodiments, various transmission mediums can be designated as prevailing transmission medium, secondary Transmission mediums such as transmission medium or third etc. designate whether that indicating that a kind of transmission medium is transmitted better than another kind is situated between but regardless of this Matter.
In an illustrated embodiment, transmission medium includes insulation or uninsulated conductor 1302 and insulation or uninsulated conductor 1304 (being known respectively as conducting wire 1302 and conducting wire 1304 herein).Relay equipment 1306 is connect using receiver coupler 1308 The guided wave advanced along conducting wire 1302 is received, and uses 1310 relay transmission of transmitter waveguide as the guided wave along conducting wire 1304.? In other embodiments, relay equipment 1306 can be switched to conducting wire 1302 from conducting wire 1304, or can be along identical path Relay transmission.Relay equipment 1306 may include sensor, or with instruction can influence transmission situation sensor (or figure Discribed Network Management System 1601 in 16A) it is communicated.Based on from the received feedback of sensor, relay equipment 1306 It can be determined that and keep transmission along same conducting wire or transmission is transported to another conducting wire.
Turning now to Figure 14, diagram is the block diagram for illustrating the example, non-limiting embodiment of both-way trunk system 1400.Specifically, it presents for being waited used in transmission devices in the transmission device 101 or 102 presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 Both-way trunk system.The both-way trunk system includes receiving and transmitting from positioned at distributing antenna system or backhaul system The waveguide Coupling device 1402 and 1404 of the transmission of other Coupling devices in system.
In various embodiments, waveguide Coupling device 1402 can receive the transmission from another waveguide Coupling device, Described in transmission have multiple subcarriers.Double letter devices 1406 can separate with other transmission the transmission, and by the biography It is defeated to be directed to low-noise amplifier (" LNA ") 1408.With the help of local oscillator 1412, frequency mixer 1428 can will be transmitted Lower frequency is arrived in frequency reducing (its in some embodiments in millimeter wave frequency band or about 38GHz), such as spaced antenna Cellular band (about 1.9GHz), intrinsic frequency or other frequencies for back haul system of system.Extractor (or demultiplexing Device) 1432 it can extract the signal on subcarrier and signal is directed to output block 1422 to be used for by power amplifier 1424 Optional amplification, buffering or isolation are carried out to be coupled to communication interface 205.Communication interface 205 can be further processed from power This signal is otherwise transmitted to other by wirelessly or non-wirelessly interface and sets by signal that amplifier 1424 receives It is standby, base station, mobile device, building etc..For the signal not extracted in this position, extractor 1432 can be by it again It is directed to another frequency mixer 1436, wherein these signals are for modulating the carrier wave generated by local oscillator 1414.Utilize its son Carrier wave, carrier wave be directed to power amplifier (" PA ") 1416 and by waveguide Coupling device 1404 via double letter devices 1420 again It is transmitted to another system.
LNA 1426 can be used to the signal that amplification, buffering or isolation are received by communication interface 205, then will be described Signal is sent to multiplexer 1434, the multiplexer by the signal with received from waveguide Coupling device 1404 To signal merge.The signal received from Coupling device 1404 is separated by double letter devices 1420, then passes through LNA 1418, and frequency reducing is carried out by frequency mixer 1438.When signal is combined by multiplexer 1434, the signal is by frequency mixer 1430 carry out raising frequency, are then promoted by PA 1410, and continue to be transmitted to another system by waveguide Coupling device 1402. In embodiment, both-way trunk system can be only without the repeater of output equipment 1422.In the present embodiment, will not Using multiplexer 1434, and the signal from LNA 1418 will be directed to frequency mixer 1430 as described earlier. It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, both-way trunk system can also use two differences and separation it is unidirectional in Implement after device.In alternative embodiments, both-way trunk system can also be lifter (booster) or otherwise hold Row is transmitted again without frequency reducing and raising frequency.In fact, in the exemplary embodiment, transmission can be based in signal or guided wave again Transmission again before receive signal or guided wave and execute certain signal or guided wave processing or shaping, filtering and/or amplification again.
Referring now to fig. 15, show the block diagram 1500 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram guided wave communication system.This Schematic diagram depicts the exemplary implementation that can be used in conjunction with guided waves communication systems such as Fig. 1 guided wave communication systems presented Example.
In order to provide the network connection of addition of base station equipment, communication cell (for example, Microcell and macrocell) is linked Backhaul network to the network equipment of core network correspondingly extends.Similarly, in order to provide the net of distributing antenna system Network connection, it is expected that linking the spread communication system of base station equipment and its spaced antenna.It can provide shown in such as Figure 15 Guided wave communication system 1500 can provide waveguide coupled system to enable substituting, increased or additional network connection To transfer and/or receive guided wave (for example, surface wave) communication over a transmission medium, the transmission medium is such as passed as single conductor Defeated route (for example, utility lines) is operated and be can be used as waveguide and/or otherwise operated to guide The conducting wire of the transmission of electromagnetic wave.
Guided wave communication system 1500 may include the first example 1550 of distribution system, and the distribution system includes that can communicate Ground is coupled to one or more base station equipments (for example, base station equipment 1504) of central office 1501 and/or macrocell website 1502. Base station equipment 1504 can be connected by wired (for example, optical fiber and/or cable) or by wireless (for example, microwave wireless) It is connected to macrocell website 1502 and central office 1501.Second example 1560 of distribution system can be used for mobile device 1522 And wireless speech and data service are provided to house and/or commercial undertaking 1542 (herein referred to as mechanism 1542).System 1500 can have for providing voice and/or data clothes to mobile device 1522 to 1524 and mechanism 1542 as shown in Figure 15 The additional example 1550 and 1560 of the distribution system of business.
Macrocell (such as macrocell website 1502) can have the dedicated connection of mobile network and base station equipment 1504, Or it can share and/or otherwise use another connection.Central office 1501 can be used for mobile device 1522 to 1524 and 1542 allocation medium content of mechanism and/or provide Internet Service Provider (ISP) service.Central office 1501 can connect The media content from satellite constellation 1530 (one of them is shown in Figure 15) or other content source are received, and via distribution First and second examples 1550 and 1560 of system are by this content assignment to mobile device 1522 to 1524 and mechanism 1542.In Heart office 1501 can also be communicatively coupled to internet 1503 for providing to mobile device 1522 to 1524 and mechanism 1542 Internet data service.
Base station equipment 1504 be may be mounted at or be attached on electric pole 1516.In other embodiments, base station equipment 1504 can be near transformer and/or near the other positions being located near power circuit.Base station equipment 1504 can be with Equipment 1522 and 1524 easy to remove arrives the connection of mobile network.It is installed on electric pole 1518 and 1520 or near them respectively If antenna 1512 and 1514 can from base station equipment 1504 receive signal and by those signals than 1512 He of antenna Mobile device 1522 and 1524 is transmitted on 1514 regions much broader when being located at or near base station equipment 1504.
It should be noted that for simplicity, Figure 15 is shown in each example 1550 and 1560 of distribution system Three electric poles have a base station equipment.In other embodiments, electric pole 1516 can have more base station equipments, And more electric poles with spaced antenna and/or captive connection to mechanism 1542.
Transmission device 1506 (transmission device 101 or 102 such as presented in conjunction with Fig. 1) can be via connection electric pole 1516, signal is transmitted to by 1518 and 1520 (one or more) utility lines or power circuit from base station equipment 1504 Antenna 1512 and 1514.In order to transmit signal, wireless power source and/or transmission device 1506 for the signal from base station equipment 1504 (for example, via mixing) up-conversion or otherwise by the signal frequency conversion from base station equipment 1504 to microwave band signal, And transmission device 1506 emits microwave band wave, and the microwave band wave is as along as described in the previous embodiment The guided wave that utility lines or other conducting wires are advanced is propagated.At electric pole 1518, another transmission device 1508 is connect Receipts guided wave (and optionally can according to need or it is expected to amplify it or be operated as repeater to receive State guided wave and regenerate the guided wave) and it is preceding to transmission on utility lines or other conducting wires as guided wave. Transmission device 1508 can also extract signal from microwave band guided wave and move down its frequency or otherwise by it It is converted to its original cellular frequency band (for example, 1.9GHz or honeycomb frequencies of other definition) or another honeycomb (or non-bee Nest) frequency band.Antenna 1512 can be wirelessly transferred the signal after frequency reducing to mobile device 1522.As needed or it is expected, institute The process of stating can be repeated by transmission device 1510, antenna 1514 and mobile device 1524.
Transmission from mobile device 1522 and 1524 can also be received by antenna 1512 and 1514 respectively.Transmission device 1508 and 1510 can be converted to microwave band by cellular band signals raising frequency or otherwise, and using the signal as Guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic waves) transmission is transmitted to base station equipment 1504 on (one or more) power circuit.
The media content received by central office 1501 can be supplied to the second of distribution system via base station equipment 1504 Example 1560 is for distributing to mobile device 1522 and mechanism 1542.Transmission device 1510 can be by one or more wired Connection or wireless interface are tethered at mechanism 1542.One or more of wired connections can include but is not limited to: power circuit, Coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, twisted-pair cable, guided wave transmission medium or for allocation medium content and/or for providing interconnection Net other suitable wired mediums of service.In the exemplary embodiment, the wired connection from transmission device 1510 can communicate It is extra-high that ground is coupled to the one or more being located at one or more respective service Area Interfaces (SAI --- be not shown) or pedestal Digital subscriber line (VDSL) modem of bit rate, a part of offer service of each SAI or pedestal to mechanism 1542. VDSL modem can be used for selectively to be located at mechanism 1542 in gateway (not shown) allocation medium content and/or Internet service is provided.SAI or pedestal can also by such as power circuit, coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, twisted-pair cable, The wired mediums such as guided wave transmission medium or other suitable wired mediums are communicatively coupled to mechanism 1542.Implement in other examples In example, transmission device 1510 can directly communicatively be coupled to mechanism 1542, without intermediary interface, such as SAI or pedestal.
In another example embodiment, system 1500 can use diversity paths, two of them or more public utility Route or other conducting wires are serially connected between electric pole 1516,1518 and 1520 (for example, for example in electric pole 1516 and electric pole Two or more conducting wires between 1520), and from base station/macrocell website 1502 redundant transmission as guided wave in public affairs It is transmitted with utility lines or the lower face of other conducting wires.Utility lines or other conducting wires can be insulation or not exhausted Edge, and depend on causing the environmental aspect of transmission loss, it does not insulate from insulation or public the Coupling device property of can choose Utility lines or other conducting wires receive signal.The selection can be based on the measurement of the signal-to-noise ratio of conducting wire or based on determined by Weather/environmental aspect (for example, moisture detector, weather forecast etc.).Being used together diversity paths with system 1500 can enable Substitute routing capabilities, load balancing, increased load processing, concurrent two-way or synchronous communication, spread spectrum communication etc..
It should be noted that the use of the transmission device 1506,1508 and 1510 in Figure 15 is only exemplary, and In other embodiments, other uses are possible.For example, transmission device can be used in backhaul communication system, thus to Base station equipment provides network connection.Transmission device 1506,1508 and 1510 can be used in expectation, and in conducting wire, (what is either insulated is gone back It is on-insulated) in many situations of upload transporting wave communication.Due to not contacted with the conducting wire that can carry high voltage or With it with limited physics and/or electrical contact, therefore transmission device 1506,1508 and 1510 is changed to other Coupling devices Into.The transmission device can be located remotely from conducting wire (for example, being separated with conducting wire) and/or be located at conducting wire on, as long as it not with lead Line electrical contact, because dielectric serves as insulator, thus allows cheap, easy and/or less complex installation.However, As previously mentioned, electric-conductive coupler or non-dielectric coupler can be used, e.g. correspond to telephone network, You Xian electricity in conducting wire View network, broadband data services, optical fiber telecommunications system or using in the configuration of low pressure or other networks with dielectric transmission line.
Although it should also be noted that show base station equipment 1504 and macrocell website 1502 in embodiment, Other network configurations are equally possible.For example, can be in a similar way using such as access point or other radio network gateways Equipment extends other networks (such as WLAN, wireless personal-area network or according to such as 802.11 agreements, WIMAX Agreement, UltraWideband agreement, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol or other wireless protocols communication protocol operations other Wireless network) range.
6A and Figure 16 B referring now to fig. 1 shows and illustrates a kind of system for being managed to communication system of power grids system The block diagram 1600 and 1650 of example, non-limiting embodiment.Consider Figure 16 A, presents for such as being presented in conjunction with Figure 15 Wave guide system 1602 used in the guided waves communication system such as system.Wave guide system 1602 may include sensor 1604, power supply pipe Reason system 1605, transmission device 101 or 102, the transmission device include at least one communication interface 205, transceiver 210 and coupling Clutch 220.
Wave guide system 1602 is coupled to power circuit 1610 for promoting according to described by this theme disclosure The guided wave of embodiment communicates.In the exemplary embodiment, transmission device 101 or 102 includes coupler 220, and the coupler is used for Induct on the surface of power circuit 1610 as described in this theme disclosure vertical along the surface of power circuit 1610 To the electromagnetic wave of propagation.Transmission device 101 or 102 can function as such as the repeater shown in Figure 12 to Figure 13, described Repeater is used to retransmit electromagnetic wave on same power circuit 1610 or for the routing electromagnet between power circuit 1610 Wave.
Transmission device 101 or 102 includes transceiver 210, and the transceiver is configured for for example will be in original frequency model The signal for placing operation up-converts to carrier frequency operation, shows carrier frequency or electromagnetic wave associated with carrier frequency, The electromagnetic wave is propagated along the coupler for corresponding guided electromagnetic wave of inducting, and the corresponding guided electromagnetic wave is along electricity It is propagated on the surface on line of force road 1610.Carrier frequency can be by having the upper cut-off frequency and lower limit that define electromagnetic wave bandwidth The centre frequency of cutoff frequency indicates.Power circuit 1610 can be with conductive surface or insulating surface conducting wire (for example, Sub-thread or multiply).Transceiver 210 can also receive signal from coupler 220, and will be under the electromagnetic wave that operated with carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the signal on its original frequency.
May include by the signal for up-conversion that the communication interface 205 of transmission device 101 or 102 receives but unlimited In: by central office 1611 in the wired of communication interface 205 on the wired or wireless interface of communication interface 205, by base station 1614 Or the signal supplied on wireless interface；Base station 1614 is transmitted in the wired of communication interface 205 by mobile device 1620 Or the wireless signal transmitted on wireless interface；It is connect by communication equipment 1618 in building in the wired or wireless of communication interface 205 The signal supplied on mouth；And/or the mobile device 1612 by roaming in the range for wireless communication of communication interface 205 is supplied to and leads to Believe the wireless signal of interface 205.In the embodiment that Wave guide system 1602 is used as repeater shown in such as Figure 12 to Figure 13, Communication interface 205 may or may not be included in Wave guide system 1602.
The electromagnetic wave propagated along the surface of power circuit 1610 can be modulated and be formatted as including data point Group or data frame, the data grouping or data frame include data payload and further comprise networked information (such as with In the header information for identifying one or more destinations Wave guide system 1602).The networked information can be by Wave guide system 1602 Or the originating equipments such as equipment 1618 or combinations thereof in central office 1611, base station 1614, mobile device 1620 or building To provide.In addition, modulated electromagnetic wave may include the error correction data for mitigating signal disturbance.It the networked information and entangles Wrong data can be used to detect the transmission for being directed to it and for utilizing error correction data to biography by destination Wave guide system 1602 Be input into row down coversion and processing, the transmission include be directed to be communicatively coupled to destination Wave guide system 1602 reception it is logical Believe the voice signal and/or data-signal of equipment.
Referring now to the sensor 1604 of Wave guide system 1602, sensor 1604 may include one in the following terms or It is multinomial: temperature sensor 1604a, Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b, energy loss sensor 1604c, noise transducer 1604d, Vibrating sensor 1604e, environment (for example, weather) sensor 1604f, and/or imaging sensor 1604g.Temperature sensor 1604a can be used for measuring environment temperature, the temperature of transmission device 101 or 102, the temperature of power circuit 1610, temperature difference (for example, compared with set point or baseline, between transmission device 101 or 102 and power circuit 1610 etc.) or its any group It closes.In one embodiment, temperature measurement can periodically be acquired by base station 1614 and be reported to Network Management System 1601.
Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b can execute measurement to power circuit 1610 and disturb to detect signal reflex etc. Dynamic, the disturbance can be indicated in the presence of the downstream disturbances that electromagnetic wave may be hindered to propagate on power circuit 1610.Signal reflex It can indicate the distortion due to caused by the electromagnetic wave for example transmitted on power circuit 1610 as transmission device 101 or 102, it is described Electromagnetic wave is entirely or partly reflected back into biography from the disturbance in the power circuit 1610 for being located at transmission device 101 or 102 downstreams Transfer device 101 or 102.
Signal reflex can be caused by the barrier on power circuit 1610.For example, when branch is located on power circuit 1610 Or when very close to power circuit 1610 (this may cause corona discharge), branch can cause reflection of electromagnetic wave.It can draw Rise reflection of electromagnetic wave other barriers can include but is not limited to: be wrapped around on power circuit 1610 object (for example, Clothes is wrapped in shoes on power circuit 1610 etc. using shoestring), the corrosion accumulation on power circuit 1610 or ice accumulation Object.Power grid component can also interfere or electromagnetic wave is hindered to propagate on 1610 surface of power circuit.It can cause signal reflex The diagram of power grid component includes but is not limited to transformer and the connector for connecting splicing power circuit.On power circuit 1610 Acute angle can also cause reflection of electromagnetic wave.
Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b may include the circuit for performing the following operation: by the amplitude of reflection of electromagnetic wave It is compared with the amplitude of the original electromagnetic wave transmitted by transmission device 101 or 102 to determine the downstream in power circuit 1610 How many transmission that decayed disturbed.Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b may further include for carrying out spectrum analysis to back wave Frequency spectrum analyser circuit.It can be via pattern-recognition, expert system, curve by the frequency spectrum data of frequency spectrum analyser circuit evolving Fitting, matched filtering or other artificial intelligence, classification or comparison techniques are compared to based on example with spectral distribution curve The type of disturbance is such as identified with the spectral distribution curve of frequency spectrum data closest match.Spectral distribution curve, which can store, is disturbing In the memory of dynamic detection sensor 1604b, or it can be remotely accessed by Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b.The distribution is bent Line may include frequency spectrum data, and the frequency spectrum data models the different disturbances being likely encountered on power circuit 1610, To enable Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b locally to identify disturbance.The mark (if if it is known that) of disturbance can lead to It crosses base station 1614 and is reported to Network Management System 1601.Disturbance Detection sensor 1604b can also using transmission device 101 or 102 determine the two-way time of reflection of electromagnetic wave to transmit as the electromagnetic wave for testing signal.By Disturbance Detection sensor The two-way time of 1604b measurement, which can be used for calculating, is advanced by electromagnetic wave until reflecting the distance of the point occurred, this to disturb Detection sensor 1604b can calculate the distance of the downstream disturbances on from transmission device 101 or 102 to power circuit 1610.
Distance calculated can be reported to Network Management System 1601 by base station 1614.In one embodiment, wave Position of the guiding systems 1602 on power circuit 1610 can be Network Management System 1601 known, the network management The position can be used determine based on the known topology of power grid the position of the disturbance on power circuit 1610 in system 1601.? In another embodiment, Wave guide system 1602 can provide its position to Network Management System 1601 to assist determining power circuit The position of disturbance on 1610.It the position of Wave guide system 1602 can be by Wave guide system 1602 according to being stored in Wave guide system 1602 Memory in Wave guide system 1602 preprogrammed position come obtain or Wave guide system 1602 can be used be included in waveguide system GPS receiver (not shown) in system 1602 determines its position.
Power-supply management system 1605 provides energy to the above-mentioned parts of Wave guide system 1602.Power-supply management system 1605 can be with From solar battery or from the transformer (not shown) for being coupled to power circuit 1610 or pass through inductive couplings to electricity Line of force road 1610 or another power circuit nearby receive energy.Power-supply management system 1605 can also include reserve battery and/or For providing the supercapacitor or other capacitor circuits of temporary electrical power to Wave guide system 1602.Energy loss sensor 1604c can be used for detecting when Wave guide system 1602 has power loss situation and/or the generation of certain other failure.For example, Energy loss sensor 1604c can detecte when exist due to bringing it about event on defect solar battery, solar battery Caused by power loss on the barrier power circuit 1610 of barrier power loss and/or standby power system when due to Failure, the detectable defect in supercapacitor of reserve battery and break down.When breaking down and/or when power loss, Energy loss sensor 1604c can notify Network Management System 1601 by base station 1614.
Noise transducer 1604d, which can be used for measuring, may negatively affect electromagnetic wave in power line on power circuit 1610 The noise of transmission on road 1610.Noise transducer 1604d can sense undesirable electromagnetic interference, burst of noise or can Other disturbing sources that modulated electromagnetic wave is received on the surface of power circuit 1610 can be interrupted.Burst of noise can be put by such as corona Electricity or other noise sources cause.Noise transducer 1604d can be via pattern-recognition, expert system, curve matching, matched filtering Or other artificial intelligence, classification or comparison techniques will measure noise with by Wave guide system 1602 from internal noise profile data Library is compared from the noise curve that the long range positioning database of storage noise profile curve obtains.By comparing, noise passes Sensor 1604d can based on for example to measurement noise provide closest match noise profile curve come identify noise source (for example, Corona discharge or other).Noise transducer 1604d can also be by measuring such as bit error rate, packet loss rate, shake, dividing The transmission metrics such as group retransmission request come how detection noise influences to transmit.Noise transducer 1604d can by base station 1614 to Network Management System 1601 reports identity, its time of origin and transmission metric of noise source etc..
Vibrating sensor 1604e may include for detecting the 2D on power circuit 1610 or the accelerometer of 3D vibration And/or gyroscope.Can via pattern-recognition, expert system, curve matching, matched filtering or other artificial intelligence, classification or Comparison techniques by the vibration with can be locally stored in Wave guide system 1602 or by Wave guide system 1602 from teledata The vibration distribution curve that library obtains is compared.Vibration distribution curve can for example be used to be based on for example to provide most to measurement vibration The tree to fall down is distinguished with fitful wind close to matched vibration distribution curve.The result of this analysis can be by vibrating sensor 1604e is reported to Network Management System 1601 by base station 1614.
Environmental sensor 1604f may include for measuring atmospheric pressure, (it can be by temperature sensor for environment temperature 1604a is provided), wind speed, humidity, wind direction and rainfall etc. barometer.Environmental sensor 1604f can acquire raw information, And by being modeled via pattern-recognition, expert system, KBS Knowledge Based System or other artificial intelligence, classification or other weather The raw information is distributed with the environment that can be obtained from the memory or remote data base of Wave guide system 1602 with Predicting Technique Curve is compared to handle this information, so as to the situation that predicts the weather before its generation.Environmental sensor 1604f can will be former Beginning data and its analysis are reported to Network Management System 1601.
Imaging sensor 1604g can be the digital camera for capturing the image near Wave guide system 1602 (for example, electricity Lotus coupled apparatus or CCD imager, infrared camera etc.).Imaging sensor 1604g may include electromechanical mechanism, is used for control Movement (the example of the camera of power circuit 1610 is checked from multiple visual angles (for example, top surface, bottom surface, left surface, right surface etc.) Such as, physical location or focus/zoom).Alternatively, imaging sensor 1604g may be designed such that without electromechanical mechanism To obtain the multiple visual angle.Acquisition and retrieval to the imaging data generated by imaging sensor 1604g can be by network pipes Reason system 1601 controls, or can independently be acquired by imaging sensor 1604g and be reported to Network Management System 1601.
It is related to Wave guide system 1602 and/or power circuit 1610 that acquisition can be applicable to by 1602 use of Wave guide system The telemetry intelligence (TELINT) of connection with for detect, predict and/or mitigate may hinder electromagnetic transmission power circuit 1610 (or it is any its The electromagnetic transmission medium of his form) on the other sensors of disturbance propagated.
6B referring now to fig. 1, block diagram 1650, which is illustrated, to be used for according to one kind of various aspects described herein to power grid It 1653 and is embedded in or the example, non-limiting embodiment of system that communication system associated there 1655 is managed. Communication system 1655 includes the multiple Wave guide systems 1602 for being coupled to the power circuit 1610 of power grid 1653.In communication system 1655 Used at least part of Wave guide system 1602 can be with 1601 direct communication of base station 1614 and/or Network Management System. Be not directly connected to base station 1614 or Network Management System 1601 Wave guide system 1602 can by be connected to base station 1614 or Other downstream Wave guide systems 1602 of Network Management System 1601 are communicated with base station 1614 or Network Management System 1601 Session.
Network Management System 1601 can be communicatively coupled to the equipment of utility company 1652 and communication service provides The equipment of quotient 1654, to provide status information associated with power grid 1653 and communication system 1655 to each entity respectively. Network Management System 1601, the equipment of utility company 1652 and communication service provider 1654 can be accessed by public The communication equipment that utility company personnel 1656 use and/or the communication equipment used by communication service provider personnel 1658, with For providing status information and/or for guiding this kind of personnel when managing power grid 1653 and/or communication system 1655.
Figure 17 A illustrates a kind of for detecting and mitigating disturbing of occurring in the communication network of the system of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B The flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of dynamic method 1700.Method 1700 can be started with step 1702, in the step In rapid, the transmitting of Wave guide system 1602 and reception message, the message are embedded in the tune of the surface traveling along power circuit 1610 In electromagnetic wave processed or another type of electromagnetic wave, or form the one of the modulated electromagnetic wave or another type of electromagnetic wave Part.The message can be speech message, stream-type video, and/or set in the communication for being communicatively coupled to communication system 1655 Other data/informations exchanged between standby.At step 1704, the sensor 1604 of Wave guide system 1602 can acquire sensing number According to.In embodiment, it can emit in step 1702 and/or be adopted in step 1704 before, during or after receiving message Collection sensing data.At step 1706, Wave guide system 1602 (or sensor 1604 itself) can be determined according to sensing data The reality of disturbance in communication system 1655 or prediction occur, the disturbance can influence to be originated from Wave guide system 1602 (for example, by Wave guide system transmission) or by the received communication of the Wave guide system.Wave guide system 1602 (or sensor 1604) can handle temperature Degree evidence, signal reflex data, energy loss data, noise data, vibration data, environmental data, or any combination thereof so as to Make this judgement.Wave guide system 1602 (or sensor 1604) can also detect, identify, estimate or predict disturbing source and/or its Position in communication system 1655.It/identifies but also does not predict/if not only do not detected in step 1708 and estimate to disturb, waveguide System 1602 can advance to step 1702, in the step, continue to emit and receive message, message insertion along A part that is in the modulated electromagnetic wave that the surface of power circuit 1610 is advanced or forming the modulated electromagnetic wave.
If the detection at step 1708 ,/mark or prediction/estimates and disturbs that Wave guide system 1602 advances to step Rapid 1710 (or can to determine whether disturbance brings adverse effect to transmission of the message in communication system 1655 or reception Instead, it is possible to adverse effect or its degree that may be adversely affected).It in one embodiment, can be at step 1710 Determine when disturbance negatively affects the communication in communication system 1655 using duration threshold and occurrence frequency threshold value.Only For purposes of illustration, it is assumed that duration threshold is set to 500ms, and occurrence frequency threshold value is set to the sight at 10 seconds It examines and 5 disturbances occurs in the period.Therefore, there is the disturbance of the duration greater than 500ms will trigger duration threshold.Separately Outside, any disturbance more than 5 times occurs in 10 seconds time intervals will trigger occurrence frequency threshold value.
In one embodiment, when having exceeded only duration threshold, disturbance can be considered negatively affecting communication system Signal integrity in system 1655.In another embodiment, when being more than both duration threshold and occurrence frequency threshold value, Disturbance can be considered adversely affecting the signal integrity in communication system 1655.Therefore, for negatively affect communication For the disturbance of signal integrity in system 1655 is classified, latter embodiment is more conservative than previous embodiment.It will recognize that To according to example embodiment, many other algorithms and associated parameter and threshold value can be used for step 1710.
Referring back to method 1700, if at step 1710, the disturbance detected at step 1708 be unsatisfactory for by The condition (for example, be both no more than duration threshold or be no more than occurrence frequency threshold value) of the communication of adverse effect, then waveguide system System 1602 can advance to step 1702 and continue with message.For example, if the disturbance tool detected in step 1708 There is 1 millisecond of duration, there is single within 10 second period, then any one will be no more than in the two threshold values It is a.Therefore, this disturbance may be considered that the signal integrity in communication system 1655 have very little influence and Therefore the disturbance for needing to mitigate will be marked as.Although not being labeled, can will disturbance generation, its time of origin, its Occurrence frequency, frequency spectrum data, and/or other useful informations are reported to Network Management System 1601 for supervising as telemetry Survey purpose.
Referring back to step 1710, if on the other hand disturbance meets the condition for the communication being adversely affected (for example, super Cross any one of the two threshold values or both), then Wave guide system 1602 can advance to step 1712 and by the event It is reported to Network Management System 1601.The report may include the original sensing data acquired by sensor 1604, waveguide system Unite 1602 pairs of descriptions disturbed (if if it is known that), disturbance time of origin, disturbance occurrence frequency, position associated with disturbance It sets, parameter readings (bit error rate, packet loss rate, retransmission request, shake, delay time etc.).If disturbance based on by The prediction that the one or more sensors of Wave guide system 1602 are made, then the report may include expectation disturbance type, and It is described when prediction is based on the sense of history measured data acquired by the sensor 1604 of Wave guide system 1602 if it is predictable Report may include the expectation time of origin of disturbance and the expectation occurrence frequency of prediction disturbance.
At step 1714, Network Management System 1601 can determine mitigation, evade or alignment technique, and this technology can To include that Wave guide system 1602 is guided to re-route the traffic to evade disturbance in the case where that can determine disturbance location.One In a embodiment, the waveguide Coupling device 1402 for detecting disturbance can guide repeater (such as shown in Figure 13 to Figure 14 One repeater) by Wave guide system 1602 from the main electric power connection by disturbing influence to secondary power circuit, to make Different transmission mediums can be re-routed to the traffic and avoid disturbing by obtaining Wave guide system 1602.In 1602 quilt of Wave guide system It is configured in the embodiment of repeater, the traffic oneself can be re-routed to secondary by Wave guide system 1602 from main electric power route Want power circuit.It should further be noted that it is directed to two-way communication (for example, full-duplex communication or half-duplex operation), relaying Device can be configured for the traffic being back to main electric power route from the rerouting of secondary power circuit for Wave guide system 1602 are handled.
In another embodiment, Wave guide system 1602 can guide the traffic again in the following manner: instruction is located at Disturb upstream the first repeater and positioned at disturbance downstream the second repeater to avoid disturbance mode by the traffic from main Power circuit, which is temporarily directed to secondary power circuit again and guides again, is back to main electric power route.It should be further noted that It is that, for two-way communication (for example, full-duplex communication or half-duplex operation), repeater can be configured for the traffic from secondary Power circuit rerouting is wanted to be back to main electric power route.
In order to avoid interrupting the existing communication session occurred on secondary power circuit, Network Management System 1601 can refer to Draw Wave guide system 1602 and indicates (multiple) unused slots and/or (multiple) frequency of (multiple) repeater using secondary power circuit It brings and data and/or voice communication amount is directed away from main electric power route again to evade disturbance.
At step 1716, when the traffic is just being re-routed to avoid disturbance, Network Management System 1601 can lead to Know the equipment of utility company 1652 and/or the equipment of communication service provider 1654, and then can be to public utilities public affairs The personnel 1656 of department and/or the personnel 1658 of communication service provider notify detected disturbance and its position (if it is known that If).Field Force from either one can be dedicated to solving the disturbance at identified disturbance location.Once by public The personnel of utility company and/or the personnel of communication service provider remove or otherwise alleviate disturbance, then these personnel Can be used be communicatively coupled to Network Management System 1601 field mounted device (for example, laptop computer, smart phone etc.), And/or the equipment of utility company and/or communication service provider notifies its corresponding company and/or Network Management System 1601.The notice may include that the description for how mitigating disturbance and can change communication system to power circuit 1610 Any variation of the topology of system 1655.
Once having solved disturbance (as determined in decision 1718), then Network Management System 1601 can be in step Wave guide system 1602 is guided to restore the previous routing configuration used by Wave guide system 1602 at rapid 1720, or if for mitigating Road is carried out to the traffic according to new routing configuration when the recovery policy of disturbance causes the new network topology of communication system 1655 By.In another embodiment, Wave guide system 1602 can be configured to the transmitting test signal on power circuit 1610 The mitigation of disturbance is monitored, so that it is determined that when removed disturbance is.Once Wave guide system 1602 is detected there is no disturbance, If it is determined that the network topology of communication system 1655 not yet changes, it can automatically restore its routing configuration without net The auxiliary of network management system 1601 or its new routing configuration that the new network topology detected by adapting to can be used.
Figure 17 B illustrates a kind of for detecting and mitigating disturbing of occurring in the communication network of the system of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B The flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of dynamic method 1750.In one embodiment, method 1750 can be with step 1752 start, and in the step, Network Management System 1601 is provided from the equipment of utility company 1652 or communication service The equipment of quotient 1654 receives maintenance information associated with maintenance arrangement.Network Management System 1601 can at step 1754 root The maintenance activity for staying in and executing during maintenance arranges is identified with according to maintenance information.Pass through these activities, Network Management System 1601 can detecte since maintenance is (for example, the waveguide system in the displacement of power circuit 1610 prearranged, power circuit 1610 The displacement prearranged of system 1602, power circuit 1610 in power grid 1653 prearrange reconfigure) and generate Disturbance.
In another embodiment, Network Management System 1601 can be received at step 1755 from one or more waveguides The telemetry intelligence (TELINT) of system 1602.Among other things, the telemetry intelligence (TELINT) may include: to submit each Wave guide system of telemetry intelligence (TELINT) 1602 identity；The measurement carried out by the sensor 1604 of each Wave guide system 1602；With the biography by each Wave guide system 1602 Prediction disturbance, estimation disturbance or the relevant information of practical disturbance that sensor 1604 detects；It is related to each Wave guide system 1602 The location information of connection；Detect estimated location, the mark of disturbance etc. of disturbance.Network Management System 1601 can be believed according to telemetering Cease determine may be unfavorable for waveguide operation, along conductive line surfaces electromagnetic transmission or the two disturbance type.Network pipe Reason system 1601 can also use the telemetry intelligence (TELINT) from multiple Wave guide systems 1602 to be isolated and identify disturbance.In addition, net Network management system 1601 can request the telemetry intelligence (TELINT) from the Wave guide system 1602 near impacted Wave guide system 1602 with Just triangulation is carried out to the position of disturbance and/or is tested by receiving the similar telemetry intelligence (TELINT) from other Wave guide systems 1602 Demonstrate,prove the mark of disturbance.
In still another embodiment, Network Management System 1601 can be received at step 1756 from maintenance Field Force The activity reports that does not arrange in advance.The maintenance not arranged in advance may be called due to planless scene and be occurred, Huo Zheyou The undesirable site problems that are found during the maintenance activity called or prearranged at the scene and occur.Activity reports can be with Identify the power grid 1653 caused by solving the problems, such as found in communication system 1655 and/or power grid 1653 due to Field Force The variation of topological arrangement, the variation of one or more Wave guide systems 1602 (such as its displacement or reparation), performed disturbance subtract Gently (if yes) etc..
At step 1758, Network Management System 1601 can by the report that is received according to step 1752 to 1756 come Determine whether disturbance will arrange to occur or determine whether disturbance has occurred and that or predict disturbance based on telemetering number based on maintenance Disturbance is had occurred that according to occurring or determining whether the non-schedule maintenance due to identifying in activity reports at the scene.Pass through Any of these reports, Network Management System 1601 can be determined that whether the disturbance for detecting or predicting needs by communication system 1655 impacted Wave guide system 1602 or other Wave guide systems 1602 re-route the traffic.
When detecting at step 1758 or predicting disturbance, then Network Management System 1601 can advance to step 1760, in the step, the Network Management System can guide one or more Wave guide systems 1602 to carry out the traffic It re-routes to evade disturbance.When disturbance due to power grid 1653 permanent change in topology but it is permanent when, Network Management System 1601 can advance to step 1770 and cross step 1762,1764,1766 and 1772.At step 1770, network management System 1601 can guide one or more Wave guide systems 1602 to use the new routing configuration for adapting to new topology.However, ought be When detecting disturbance through the telemetry intelligence (TELINT) by being supplied by one or more Wave guide systems 1602, Network Management System 1601 can be with The maintenance personnel 1658 of maintenance personnel 1656 or communication service provider to utility company notify the position of disturbance, disturbance Type (if if it is known that) and potentially contribute to the relevant information that this personnel mitigate disturbance.When expected disturbance be by When maintenance activity causes, Network Management System 1601 can guide one or more Wave guide systems 1602 with it is given arrange (with Maintenance arranges consistent) traffic routing is reconfigured, it is disturbed as caused by maintenance activity to avoid during maintenance arranges It is dynamic.
Be back to step 1760 and its completion when, process can continue step 1762.At step 1762, network pipe Reason system 1601 can monitor when (multiple) disturbances have been mitigated by Field Force.Can at step 1762 by analysis by Field Force passes through communication network (for example, bee using field mounted device (for example, laptop computer or handheld computer/equipment) Nest communication system) account on the spot of Network Management System 1601 is submitted to detect the mitigation of disturbance.If Field Force is Disturbance is reported to mitigate, then Network Management System 1601 can advance to step 1764 to determine to be according to account on the spot It is no to need change in topology to mitigate disturbance.Change in topology may include: to re-route power circuit 1610, reconfigure waveguide system System 1602 so as to bypassed using different power circuits 1610, otherwise using alternate link disturbance etc..If Change in topology occurs, then Network Management System 1601 can guide one or more Wave guide systems 1602 to use at step 1770 Adapt to the new routing configuration of new topology.
However, Network Management System 1601 can advance to step if Field Force not yet reports change in topology 1766, in the step, the Network Management System can guide one or more Wave guide systems 1602 to send test signal To test the routing configuration used before (multiple) detection disturbance.Test signal can be sent near disturbance Impacted Wave guide system 1602.Test signal can be used for determining whether signal disturbance (for example, reflection of electromagnetic wave) is any A Wave guide system 1602 detects.If the routing configuration before test signal confirmation is not subjected to be previously detected (more It is secondary) disturbance, then Network Management System 1601 can guide impacted Wave guide system 1602 to restore previous road at step 1772 By configuring.However, if being analyzed by one or more waveguide Coupling devices 1402 and being reported to Network Management System 1601 It tests signal designation and there is (multiple) disturbance disturbed or (multiple) is new, then Network Management System 1601 will advance to step 1768 And this information reporting is further solved into site problems to Field Force.In the case, Network Management System 1601 The mitigation of (multiple) disturbance can be continued to monitor at step 1762.
In the aforementioned embodiment, Wave guide system 1602 can be configured for being adaptive to the variation of power grid 1653 and/or The mitigation of disturbance.That is, one or more impacted Wave guide systems 1602 can be configured for subtracting from monitoring disturbance Gently and traffic routing is reconfigured, without being sent to it instruction by Network Management System 1601.In the present embodiment, may be used One or more of Wave guide systems 1602 of self-configuring can inform its Route Selection to Network Management System 1601, to make The macroscopic view of communication topology of communication system 1655 can be maintained by obtaining Network Management System 1601.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding method is shown and described as mono- system of Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B respectively Column box it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can To occur from other boxes with different sequences depicted and described herein and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to and be not required to Will the boxes of all diagrams implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 18 A, it is unrestricted according to the example of the communication system of various aspects described herein to show diagram The block diagram 1800 of property embodiment.Specifically, show communication system, the communication system include client node device 1802, Host node equipment 1804, guided wave communication system 1810, client device 1812 and net including miniature repeater (MR) 1806 Network terminal 1815.Network Termination #1 815 and network 1818 convey uplink and downlink data 1816, the network be such as internet, Packet switched telephony network, internet voice protocol (VoIP) network, internet protocol-based (IP) TV network, You Xian electricity View network, passive or active optical network, 4G or more advanced Radio Access Network, WIMAX network, ultra-wide band network, personal area network Or other Radio Access Networks, broadcast satellite network and/or other communication networks.Uplink and downlink data 1816 may include language Sound communication, data communication or textcommunication, audio, video, figure and/or other media.Client device 1812 may include Mobile phone, electronic reader, tablet computer, tablet phone, radio modem, mobile wireless gateway, home gateway Equipment and/or other static or mobile computing devices.
Specifically, the downlink data from Network Termination #1 815 is sent to host node equipment 1804, the host section Downlink data is fed directly to the client device 1812 in range via Radio Link 1814 by point device.Host node is set Standby 1804 are also coupled to one or more guided wave communication systems 1810, so as to via miniature repeater 1806 by further away from Downlink data is sent to client device 1812 by the Radio Link 1814' of host node equipment 1804.In addition, host node is set Downlink data is sent to via Radio Link 1808 and may exceed one or more of 1810 range of guided wave communication system by standby 1804 A client node device 1802.Downlink data is sent to client via Radio Link 1814 " by client node device 1802 End equipment 1812.Downlink data is relayed to additional guided wave communication system 1810' and Radio Link by client node device 1802 1808', so as to served via the MR 1806 and/or additional client end node devices that are not explicitly shown further away from Client device 1812.
In addition, can be via client's end segment from the received upstream data of client device 1812 via Radio Link 1814 " Point device 1802, Radio Link 1808 and host node equipment 1804 are transmitted back to Network Termination #1 815.Via Radio Link 1814' can be via guided wave communication system 1810 and host node equipment 1804 from the received upstream data of client device 1812 It is transmitted back to Network Termination #1 815.It can be via master from the received upstream data of client device 1812 via Radio Link 1814 Machine node device 1804 is transmitted back to Network Termination #1 815.Upstream data from remoter client device 1812 can be through By Radio Link 1808' and/or guided wave communication system 1810', client node device 1802, Radio Link 1808 and host section Point device 1804 etc. is transmitted back to Network Termination #1 815.It should be noted that shown communication system can be by uplink under Row data 1816 are assigned in multiple up channels and down channel, and can be come with running space channel reuse scheme with the smallest The mobile client device 1812 in adjacent area is served in interference.
In various embodiments, make in conjunction with the public utilities such as shown communication system and Utilities Electric Co. distribution system With.In this case, host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and/or miniature repeater 1806 by electricity Line bar support, and guided wave communication system 1810 can via include distribution system insulation or naked medium voltage power lines and/or The transmission medium of the segment of other transmission lines or messenger wire is operated.Specifically, guided wave communication system 1810 can be via leading Row electromagnetic wave transmits one or more channels of uplink and downlink data 1816, and the guided electromagnetic wave is by bare conductor or insulation The outer surface of conducting wire guides or is limited to the outer surface.
It should be noted that although client node device 1802, host node equipment 1804 and MR 1806 are retouched always It states to be communicated via Radio Link 1814,1814' and 1814 " with client device 1812, but can equally use one A or multiple wire links.In this case, client device 1812 may further include personal computer, meter on knee Calculation machine, netbook computer, tablet computer or other calculate equipment together with digital subscriber line (DSL) modem, have Line television coaxial cable service data interface specification (DOCSIS) modem or other cable of cable TV modems, Phone, media player, TV, optical modem, set-top box or home gateway and/or other access devices.
In various embodiments, Network Termination #1 815 executes physical layer process to be led to client device 1812 Letter.In this case, the network terminal executes the necessary demodulation extraction to upstream data and the tune to downlink data System and extended formatting, so that host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and miniature repeater 1806 pass through letter Single analog signal processing is operated.As it is used herein, analog signal processing include filtering, exchange (switching), Duplex, duplex, amplification, frequency lifting conversion and other simulation process for not needing analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analogue conversion.According to it His embodiment, network terminal combination common radio-frequency interface (CPRI) operate together, and the common radio-frequency interface sends data flow To host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and the miniature repeater operated via simple signal processing 1806, simple signal processing may include exchange, routing or to needing to be sended and received from multiple destinations to described more Other selections of grouping in the stream of packets of a destination, and/or such as low-power equipment and/or inexpensive hardware can be used Come other Fast Process operated in the data field implemented.
It provides in conjunction with following figure 18 B to Figure 18 H, Figure 19 A to Figure 19 D and Figure 20 A to Figure 20 D about institute in schematic diagram 1800 The further embodiment of the communication system shown, including many optional functions and feature.
Turning now to Figure 18 B, it is non-according to the example of the Network Termination #1 815 of various aspects described herein to show diagram The block diagram 1820 of restricted embodiment.As in conjunction with discussing Figure 18 A, Network Termination #1 815 execute physical layer process so as to visitor Family end equipment 1812 is communicated.In this case, Network Termination #1 815 executes the necessary demodulation to upstream data and extracts And modulation and extended formatting to downlink data.
Specifically, Network Termination #1 815 includes network interface 1835, and the network interface is configured for from communication network It receives downlink data 1826 and upstream data 1836 is sent to the communication network, such as network 1818.Down channel tune Device 1830 processed is configured for for downlink data 1826 being modulated into and guided wave communication system 1810 waits guided waves communication system The corresponding downlink channel signals 1828 of downlink frequency channels.Host interface 1845 is configured for setting via such as host node Downlink channel signals 1828 are sent to one or more guided wave communication systems for 1804, and/or client node device 1802 1810 or 1810'.Host interface 1845 is also via such as host node equipment 1804 and/or client node device 1802 from leading Communi-cation system 1810 or 1810' receive uplink channel signals 1838 corresponding with uplink frequency channels.Up channel demodulation The uplink channel signals 1838 that device 1840 is configured for receive via host node equipment 1804 are demodulated to upstream data 1836。
In various embodiments, down channel modulator 1830 modulates one or more of downlink channel signals 1828, To be transmitted downlink data 1826 as guided electromagnetic wave via guided wave communication system 1810, the guided electromagnetic wave is all As being limited to the guided wave 120 in conjunction with Fig. 1 transmission medium 125 discussed.Up channel demodulator 1840 demodulates up channel One or more of signal 1838, so that leading will be used as via 1810 institute's received upstream data 1836 of guided wave communication system Electromagnetic wave is transmitted, and the guided electromagnetic wave is such as limited to the guided wave 120 in conjunction with Fig. 1 transmission medium 125 discussed.
In various embodiments, network interface 1835 may include one or more fiber optic cable interfaces, it is telephone cable interface, same Shaft cable interface, Ethernet interface or other wired or wireless interfaces for being communicated with communication network 1818.Host section Point interface 1845 may include the optical fiber cable interface for being communicated with host node equipment 1804；However, other are wired Or wireless interface can be equally used for this purpose.
In various embodiments, according to asymmetric communication system, the quantity of uplink frequency channels is less than downlink frequency channels Quantity；However, the quantity of uplink frequency channels can be greater than or equal to downlink frequency in the case where implementing symmetrical communication systems The quantity of rate channel.
It can be according to DOCSIS 2.0 or more advanced standard agreement, WiMAX standard agreement, 802.11 standard agreements, 4G Or the more advanced wireless speech and data protocol such as LTE protocol and/or other standards communication protocol believes up channel Number and downlink channel signals be modulated and otherwise format.It, can be with other than the agreement for following Current standards Any agreement in these agreements is modified for communication network as shown is combined to operate together.For example, can To modify 802.11 agreements or other agreements to include additional guide and/or individual data channel, thus wider Region on provide collision detection/multiple access access (for example, allowing to hear that via the equipment that certain frequency channel is communicated This).In various embodiments, according to same communication protocol to all uplink channel signals 1838 and downlink channel signals 1828 into Formatting lines.However, in alternative solution, can using two or more different agreements come for example with various visitors Family end equipment is compatible and/or is operated in different bands.
When using two or more different agreements, it can be assisted by down channel modulator 1830 according to the first standard View is to be modulated the first subset of downlink channel signals 1828；And it can be according to different from first standard agreement Second standard agreement is modulated the second subset of downlink channel signals 1828.It is also possible to according to the first standard agreement The first subset of uplink channel signals 1838 is received, via host interface 1845 so as to by 1840 basis of up channel demodulator First standard agreement is demodulated；And uplink letter can be received via host interface 1845 according to the second standard agreement The second subset of road signal 1838, so as to as up channel demodulator 1840 according to be different from first standard agreement described in Second standard agreement is demodulated.
Turning now to Figure 18 C, diagram is shown according to the example, non-limiting reality of the frequency spectrum of various aspects described herein Apply the figure schematic diagram 1850 of example.Specifically, down channel frequency band 1844 includes the multiple downlinks indicated by individual frequency spectrum symbol Frequency channels.Equally, up channel frequency band 1846 includes the multiple uplink frequency channels indicated by individual frequency spectrum symbol.These Individual frequency spectrum symbol means the placeholder of the frequency distribution of each individual channel signal.Actual spectral response will be based on being adopted Agreement and modulation and further changed according to the time.
As discussed previously, according to asymmetric communication system, under the quantity of uplink frequency channels can be less than or greater than The quantity of line frequency channel.In this case, up channel frequency band 1846 can be narrower than or be wider than down channel frequency band 1844. In alternative solution, in the case where implementing symmetrical communication systems, the quantity of uplink frequency channels can be equal to downstream frequency and believe The quantity in road.In this case, the width of up channel frequency band 1846 can be equal to the width of down channel frequency band 1844, and And bit padding or other data filling techniques can be used to compensate the variation of upstream traffic.
Although down channel frequency band 1844 is shown under the frequency lower than up channel frequency band 1846, at it In his embodiment, down channel frequency band 1844 can be located under the frequency higher than up channel frequency band 1846.In addition, although downlink Channel band 1844 and up channel frequency band 1846 are all shown as occupying single continuous frequency band, but in other embodiments In, depend on available frequency spectrum and/or used communication standard, can using two or more up channel frequency bands and/ Or two or more down channel frequency bands.
Turning now to Figure 18 D, diagram is shown according to the example, non-limiting reality of the frequency spectrum of various aspects described herein Apply the figure schematic diagram 1852 of example.Uplink can be conveyed using two or more different communication protocols as discussed previously And downlink data.In shown example, down channel frequency band 1844 includes by indicating to use the first of the first communication protocol More than first a downlink frequency channels represented by the independent frequency spectrum symbol of type.Down channel frequency band 1844' includes being made by expression More than second a downlink frequency channels represented by independent frequency spectrum symbol with the Second Type of the second communication protocol.Equally, uplink Channel band 1846 includes by more than first represented by indicating the independent frequency spectrum symbol using the first kind of the first communication protocol A uplink frequency channels.Up channel frequency band 1846' includes the independent frequency by indicating the Second Type using the second communication protocol Compose more than second a uplink frequency channels represented by symbol.
Although individual channel bandwidth is shown as roughly the same with the channel of the first kind and Second Type, should infuse Meaning depends on available frequency spectrum and/or used communication standard, and uplink frequency channels and downlink frequency channels can have There is different bandwidth, and the first frequency channel of the first kind and Second Type can have different bandwidth.
Turning now to Figure 18 E, diagram showing according to the host node equipment 1804 of various aspects described herein is shown The block diagram 1860 of example non-limiting embodiment.Specifically, host node equipment 1804 includes terminal interface 1855, duplexer/tri- 1858, two access point repeaters (APR) 1862 of work device assembly and radio 1865.
Access point repeater 1862 is coupled to transmission medium 125 to be led to via guided wave communication system (GWCS) 1810 Letter.Terminal interface 1855 is configured for receiving down channel from the equal communication networks of network 1818 via Network Termination #1 815 Signal 1828.Duplexer/triplexer component 1858 is configured for downlink channel signals 1828 being delivered to APR 1862.These APR emits downlink channel signals 1828 as guided electromagnetic wave in guided wave communication system 1810.Show in shown In example, APR 1862 is on the transmission medium 125 of guided wave communication system 1810 in different directions (design direction A and direction B) On downlink channel signals 1828 are emitted as guided electromagnetic wave.
Consider that transmission medium is the example of bare conductor or insulated conductor.One APR 1862 can be vertical at one along conducting wire Emit downlink channel signals 1828 on direction, and under another APR1862 emits on opposing longitudinal direction along conducting wire Row channel signal.It is converged in other network configurations at host node equipment 1804 in several transmission mediums 125, may include Three or more APR 1862 are to launch outward the guided wave of bearing downlink channel signal 1828 along every kind of transmission medium.It removes Except the communication of transmitting guided wave, one or more of APR 1862 will also be under selected by one or more via Radio Link 1814 Row channel signal 1828 is conveyed to the client device in 1804 range of host node equipment.
Duplexer/triplexer component 1858 is further configured for downlink channel signals 1828 to be delivered to radio 1865.Radio 1865 is configured for setting with the one or more client nodes being located in 1804 range of host node equipment Standby 1802 carry out wireless communication.In various embodiments, radio 1865 is simulation radio, and the simulation radio passes through mixed Frequency or the movement of other heterodynes carry out up-conversion to downlink channel signals 1828, are communicated to one or more clients to generate The downlink channel signals through up-conversion of node device 1802.Radio 1865 may include being used for and client node device The 1802 multiple separate antennas communicated, or the phased antenna for being communicated with the multiple equipment being located at different location Array can turn to wave beam or multibeam antenna system.In embodiment, downlink channel signals 1828 are upper in 60GHz frequency band Frequency conversion, to carry out horizon communication with the client node device 1802 far from certain distance.Duplexer/triplexer component 1858 It may include duplexer, triplexer, separator, switch, router and/or operated as " channel duplexer " more to provide The other assemblies of two-way communication on communication path.
Other than destination is the downlink communication of client device 1812, host node equipment 1804 can also handle source From the uplink communication of client device 1812.In operation, APR1862 is extracted from guided wave communication system 1810 via in miniature After device 1806 from Radio Link 1814' it is received and/or via client node device 1802 from Radio Link 1814 " or from more The received uplink channel signals 1838 of remote other equipment.Other uplink channel signals 1838 can be logical via APR 1862 Cross the communications reception on Radio Link 1814 and via radio 1865 from via Radio Link 1814 " and client device 1812 carry out direct communication or via guided wave communication system 1810' or other client node devices 1802 and the client The client node device 1802 that equipment carries out indirect communication is received.It is operated in higher frequency band in radio 1865 Under situation, 1865 pairs of the radio uplink channel signals through up-conversion carry out down coversion.Duplexer/triplexer component 1858 will be by APR 1862 is received and is delivered to terminal interface 1855 by the uplink channel signals 1838 that radio 1865 carries out down coversion, so as to Network 1818 is sent to via Network Termination #1 815.
Consider the example that the public utilities such as host node equipment 1804 and Utilities Electric Co. distribution system are used in combination.? In this case, host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and/or miniature repeater 1806 can be by power distribution systems Electric pole, other structures or the power circuit support of system, and guided wave communication system 1810 can be via including the power distribution system The transmission medium 125 of the segment of the insulation of system or naked medium voltage power lines and/or other transmission lines or messenger wire is operated.
In specific example, in two sides along power circuit since the electric pole of support host node equipment 1804 2n on 2n upward electric pole miniature repeaters 1806 can each leisure can be for example by from host node equipment Received on the direction of client node device 1802 that 1804 (n+1) a electric poles in each direction started are supported and Relay downlink channel signals 1828.Miniature repeater 1806 can be respectively via the client in Radio Link 1814' and range Equipment 1812 conveys downlink channel signals selected by one or more.In addition, host node equipment 1804 is via Radio Link 1808 Downlink channel signals 1828 are fed directly to client device 1812 --- so as to via Radio Link 1814 " and client's end segment Client device 1812 in 1802 range of point device carries out wireless communication, and further via guided wave communication system 1810' And/or Radio Link 1808' comes downwards to other additional client end node devices 1802 operated in a similar manner and miniature Repeater 1806.Host node equipment 1804 with reciprocal mode be operable to directly via Radio Link 1814 or It connects via guided wave communication system 1810 and 1810' and miniature repeater 1806, client node device 1802, Radio Link 1814' and 1814 " and combinations thereof to receive uplink channel signals 1838 from client device 1812.
Turning now to Figure 18 F, diagram is shown according to the non-limit of example of the downstream data flow of various aspects described herein The combination drawing of property embodiment processed and block diagram 1870.It should be noted that the schematic diagram is not to be shown to scale.Specifically Ground considers the example for implementing communication system in conjunction with public utilities such as Utilities Electric Co.'s distribution systems again.In such case Under, host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and miniature repeater 1806 by distribution system electric pole 1875 Support, and the guided wave communication system 1810 of Figure 18 A is via including the insulation supported by electric pole 1875 or naked medium voltage power line The transmission medium 125 of the segment on road is operated.Downlink channel signals 1828 from Network Termination #1 815 are set by host node Standby 1804 receive.The selected channel of downlink channel signals 1828 is wirelessly transmitted in host node by host node equipment 1804 One or more client device 1812-4 in 1804 range of equipment.Host node equipment 1804 is also by downlink channel signals 1828 as the guided wave for being restricted to transmission medium 125 are sent to miniature repeater 1806-1 and 1806-2.In addition, host node is set Downlink channel signals 1828 are optionally up-converted to downlink channel signals 1828' by standby 1804, and by downlink channel signals 1828' is wirelessly transmitted to client node device 1802-1 and 1802-2.
Under selected by client device 1812-3 and 1812-5 reception and registration in miniature repeater 1806-1 and 1806-2 and range Row channel signal 1828, and by downlink channel signals 1828 as being sent to leading for miniature repeater 1806-3 and 1806-4 Wave is relayed.Selected by client device 1812-2 and 1812-6 in miniature repeater 1806-3 and 1806-4 and range are conveyed Downlink channel signals 1828.Client node device 1802-1 and 1802-2 are operable to downlink channel signals 1828 " The miniature repeater in further downstream is relayed to as guided wave and is wirelessly relayed to together as downlink channel signals 1828' The additional client end node devices that sample is not explicitly shown.Client node device 1802-1 and 1802-2 are also operable to Selected downlink channel signals 1828 are conveyed with the client device 1812-1 and 1812-7 in range.
It should be noted that downlink channel signals 1828 can also otherwise flow.Consider host node equipment Guided wave communication path between 1804 and miniature repeater 1806-1 is by open circuit or barrier, the equipment fault or ring on route The case where border situation is damaged.Downlink channel signals 1828 can be used as guided wave and flow in miniature from client node device 1802-1 After device 1806-3 and miniature repeater 1806-1 is flow to compensate.
Turning now to Figure 18 G, diagram is shown according to the non-limit of example of the upstream of various aspects described herein The combination drawing of property embodiment processed and block diagram 1878.Consider to come in conjunction with public utilities such as Utilities Electric Co.'s distribution systems again real Apply the example of communication system.In this case, host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 and miniature repeater 1806 are supported by the electric pole 1875 of distribution system, and the guided wave communication system 1810 of Figure 18 A is via including by electric pole The transmission medium 125 of the segment of the insulation or naked medium voltage power lines of 1875 supports is operated.As discussed previously, host Node device 1804 collects uplink channel signals 1838 from various sources to be delivered to Network Termination #1 815.
Specifically, in selected channel, uplink channel signals 1838 from client device 1812-4 are by wirelessly It is conveyed to host node equipment 1804.Up channel in selected channel, from client device 1812-3 and 1812-5 Signal 1838 is wirelessly conveyed to miniature repeater 1806-1 and 1806-2, these miniature repeaters believe these up channels Numbers 1838 as guided waves are delivered to host node equipment 1804.It is in selected channel, from client device 1812-2 and The uplink channel signals 1838 of 1812-6 are wirelessly conveyed to miniature repeater 1806-3 and 1806-4, these miniature repeaters These uplink channel signals 1838 are delivered to host node equipment via miniature repeater 1806-1 and 1806-2 as guided wave 1804.Uplink channel signals 1838 in selected channel, from client device 1812-1 and 1812-7 are wirelessly passed Reach client node device 1802-1 and 1802-2, be optionally up-converted and be added to from additional client end node devices without Received other uplink channel signals 1838' in line ground, and as guided wave from received other uplinks letter of other miniature repeaters Road signal 1838 " can also optionally be up-converted to be wirelessly transmitted to host node equipment 1804.
It should be noted that uplink channel signals 1838 can also otherwise flow.Consider host node equipment Guided wave communication path between 1804 and miniature repeater 1806-1 is by open circuit or barrier, the equipment fault or ring on route The case where border situation is damaged.Uplink channel signals 1838 from client device 1812-3 can be used as guided wave from miniature relaying Device 1806-1 flow to miniature repeater 1806-3 and flow to client node device 1802-1, wirelessly to convey To host node equipment 1804 to compensate.
Turning now to Figure 18 H, diagram is shown according to the client node devices 1802 of various aspects described herein The block diagram 1880 of example, non-limiting embodiment.Client node device 1802 includes radio 1865, and the radio is matched It sets for being wirelesslyd receive down via such as host node equipment 1804 or other client node devices 1802 from communication network Row channel signal 1828.Access point repeater 1862 is configured for downlink channel signals in guided wave communication system 1810 1828 are emitted as the guided electromagnetic wave propagated along transmission medium 125, and for via Radio Link 1814 " by one A or multiple selected downlink channel signals 1828 are wirelessly transmitted to one or more client devices.
In various embodiments, radio 1865 is by having to compared with the carrier frequency of downlink channel signals 1828 The RF signal of higher carrier frequency carries out down coversion to generate the simulation radio of downlink channel signals 1828.For example, radio 1865 are acted by mixing or other heterodynes to the warp from host node equipment 1804 or other client node devices 1802 The downlink channel signals of up-conversion carry out down coversion, to generate downlink channel signals 1828.Radio 1865 may include using In the multiple separate antennas communicated with host node equipment 1804 and other client node devices 1802, or for not The phased antenna array that is communicated with the multiple equipment at position can turn to wave beam or multibeam antenna system.In embodiment In, down coversion is carried out to downlink channel signals 1828 from 60GHz frequency band, to carry out horizon communication.In addition, radio 1865 can To be operable to receive downlink channel signals from host node equipment 1804 via Radio Link 1808 as repeater 1828, and the downlink channel signals are relayed on Radio Link 1808' to be transmitted to other client nodes Equipment 1802.
Other than destination is the downlink communication of client device 1812, client node device 1802 can also be handled Uplink communication from client device 1812.In operation, APR1862 is extracted from guided wave communication system 1810 via guided wave The received uplink channel signals 1838 of miniature repeater 1806 of communication system 1810 or 1810'.Other uplink channel signals 1838 can via APR 1862 by with communicated on the Radio Link 1814 " of 1812 direct communication of client device come It receives.In the case of radio 1865 is operated in the higher frequency band, radio 1865 is to received via APR 1862 Uplink channel signals 1838 carry out up-conversion, to be conveyed to host node equipment via link 1808.In addition, radio 1865 It can be used as repeater to be operable to receive uplink letter from other client node devices 1802 via Radio Link 1808' Road signal 1838, and the uplink channel signals are relayed on Radio Link 1808 to be transmitted to host node and to set Standby 1804.
Turning now to Figure 19 A, diagram showing according to the access point repeaters 1862 of various aspects described herein is shown The block diagram 1900 of example non-limiting embodiment.As in conjunction with discussing Figure 18 E and Figure 18 H, access point repeater 1862 is coupled to Transmission medium 125, so as to via guided wave communication system (GWCS) 1810 to the radio from client node device 1802 1865 or the duplexer 1858 of host node equipment 1804 convey uplink channel signals 1838 and downlink channel signals 1828.Separately Outside, APR 1862 is via Radio Link 1814 or 1814 " selected up channel and down channel are conveyed with client device 1812.
In the embodiment illustrated, APR 1862 includes amplifier, such as two-way amplifier 1914, the Bi-directional amplifier Device to from radio 1865 (when implementing in client node device 1802) or duplexer/triplexer component 1858 (when When implementing in host node equipment 1804) downlink channel signals 1828 amplify so as to generate through amplification down channel letter Number.Two-way (2:1) duplexer/bis- letters device 1912 will be amplified downlink channel signals 1828 and be delivered to coupler 1916 and convey To channel selection filter 1910.Channel selection filter 1910 is configured for selecting through amplifying one in downlink channel signals It is a or multiple, to be carried out wireless communication via antenna 1918 and Radio Link 1814 with the client device 1812 in range. Specifically, channel selection filter 1910 can be configured for according to host node equipment 1804 or client node device The sky of 1802 physical location and the Radio Link 1814 for being communicated with the client device 1812 at different location Between channel reuse scheme operate different APR 1862 according to one or more different channels.In various embodiments, channel Selecting filter 1910 includes filter, and frequency channels selected by such as transmitting one or more filter out simultaneously or other frequencies that decay The analog or digital filter of channel.In alternative solution, channel selection filter 1910 may include that transmitting is one or more Selected channel stream filters simultaneously or blocks the packet filtering device or data filter of other channel flows.Coupler 1916 will be through amplifying Downlink channel signals guide to the transmission medium 125 of guided wave communication system 1810 or 1810' to carry out as guided electromagnetic wave Transmitting.
As discussed previously, APR 1862 can also handle uplink channel signals 1838 in reciprocal mode.At this Under kind operation mode, coupler 1916 is extracted from the transmission medium 125 of guided wave communication system 1810 or 1810' to be believed comprising uplink The guided electromagnetic wave of road signal.Other uplink channel signals 1838 are connect via antenna 1918 and channel selection filter 1910 It receives.Depending on the embodiment of APR 1862, the uplink channel signals 1838 of every kind of medium in these media are by double Work device/bis- letters device 1912 is combined and is amplified by two-way amplifier 1914, to be delivered to radio 1865 or double Work device/triplexer component 1858.Duplexer/bis- letters device 1912 may include duplexer, double letter devices, separator, switch, router And/or it is operated as " channel duplexer " to provide the other assemblies of the two-way communication on a plurality of communication path.
Turning now to Figure 19 B, diagram is shown according to the non-limit of example of the miniature repeater of various aspects described herein The block diagram 1925 of property embodiment processed.Specifically, such as miniature repeater 1806 of relay equipment includes coupler 1946, the coupling Clutch is configured for being limited to guided wave communication system 1810 or the transmission medium 125 of 1810' from direction A or direction B Guided electromagnetic wave in extract downlink channel signals 1828.The amplifiers such as two-way amplifier 1944 are to downlink channel signals 1828 amplify to generate through amplifying downlink channel signals.Two-way (2:1) channel duplexer 1942 will be through amplification downlink letter Road signal 1828 is delivered to coupler 1946 and is delivered to channel selection filter 1940.Channel selection filter 1940 is matched It sets for selecting through one or more of amplification downlink channel signals, so as to via antenna 1948 and Radio Link 1814 and model Client device 1812 in enclosing carries out wireless communication.Specifically, channel selection filter 1940 can be configured for foundation The physical location of miniature repeater 1806 and radio chains for being communicated with the client device 1812 at different location The space channel reuse scheme on road 1814 operates different miniature repeaters 1806 according to one or more different channels.Coupling Device 1946' will be amplified downlink channel signals and be guided to the transmission medium 125 of guided wave communication system 1810 or 1810' to pass Emitted on defeated medium 125 as guided electromagnetic wave.
As discussed previously, miniature repeater 1806 can also handle uplink channel signals in reciprocal mode 1838.In this mode of operation, coupler 1946' is extracted from the transmission medium 125 of guided wave communication system 1810 or 1810' Guided electromagnetic wave comprising uplink channel signals.Other uplink channel signals 1838 are filtered via antenna 1948 and channel selection Device 1940 is received.The uplink channel signals 1838 of every kind of medium in these media are by two-way channel duplexer 1942 It is combined and is amplified by two-way amplifier 1944, to be delivered to coupler 1946 in guided wave communication system 1810 are emitted on direction A or direction B.
Turning now to Figure 19 C, diagram is shown according to the non-limit of example of the miniature repeater of various aspects described herein The combination drawing of property embodiment processed and block diagram 1950.Specifically, miniature repeater 1806 is shown as to electric utility facility Insulator 1952 on electric pole is bridged.As shown, miniature repeater 1806 is coupled to transmission medium, the biography Defeated medium is the power circuit on 1952 two sides of insulator in this case.It is noted, however, that in miniature After device 1806 other install it is equally possible.Other electric utility erection of equipment include by other common facility structures or It is supported by the power circuit or messenger wire of the system.In addition, miniature repeater 1806 can be by other transmission mediums 125 or needle The support construction of other transmission mediums 125 is supported.
Turning now to Figure 19 D, diagram is shown according to the example, non-limiting reality of the frequency spectrum of various aspects described herein Apply the figure schematic diagram 1975 of example.Specifically, the frequency letter as discussed in conjunction with channel selection filter 1910 or 1940 is presented Road selection.As shown, the specified upstream frequency channels 1978 and down channel of uplink frequency channels frequency band 1846 are selected The particular downstream frequency channel 1976 of frequency band 1844 is transmitted by channel selection filter 1910 or 1940, wherein uplink The rest part of frequency channels frequency band 1846 and down channel frequency band 1844 is filtered out --- it is attenuated, to mitigate to by believing The adverse effect of the simulation process for the expected frequency channel that road selects filter 1910 or 1940 to transmit.It should be noted that the greatest extent It manages single specified upstream frequency channels 1978 and particular downstream frequency channel 1976 is shown as by channel selection filter 1910 Or 1940 selection can transmit two or more uplink frequency channels and/or downstream frequency letter but in other embodiments Road.
It should be noted that although front has been focused into host node equipment 1804,1802 and of client node device Miniature repeater 1810 is operated on the single transmission medium such as single power circuit, but each in these equipment It is a can operate in two or more communication paths (such as, as a part of more complicated transmission network not The independent fragment or branch of transmission medium on equidirectional) on sent and received.For example, in the first electric power of public utility At the node that track segment and the second power circuit segment are branched off, host node equipment 1804, client node device 1802 or miniature repeater 1810 may include for along the first power circuit snippet extraction and/or transmitting leading electromagnetism First coupler of wave and for along the second power circuit snippet extraction and/or emit guided electromagnetic wave second Coupler.
Turning now to Figure 20 A, the flow chart 2000 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of various methods is shown.Specifically, Present the various methods for being used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 19 with feature.These Method can be executed individually or simultaneously.Step 2002 includes receiving downlink data from communication network.Step 2004 includes will The modulate downstream data is at uplink channel signals corresponding with the downlink frequency channels of guided wave communication system.Step 2006 packet It includes and the downlink channel signals is sent to the guided wave communication system via wired connection.Step 2008 includes having via described Line connection receives uplink channel signals corresponding with uplink frequency channels from the guided wave communication system.Step 2010 includes will The uplink channel signals are demodulated to upstream data.Step 2012 includes sending upstream data to communication network.
In various embodiments, down channel modulator is modulated downlink channel signals, so as to via passing through guided wave The transmission medium of communication system transmits the downlink data come the guided electromagnetic wave guided.The transmission medium may include leading Line, and the guided electromagnetic wave can be limited to the outer surface of the conducting wire.
In various embodiments, the quantity of uplink frequency channels is less than, more than or equal to the quantity of downlink frequency channels.It can To be demodulated according to the first standard agreement to the first subset of uplink channel signals；And it can be according to being different from described the Second standard agreement of one standard agreement demodulates the second subset of the uplink channel signals.
It is also possible to be modulated according to the first standard agreement to the first subset of downlink channel signals；And it can be with The second subset of the downlink channel signals is adjusted according to the second standard agreement for being different from first standard agreement System.
In various embodiments, host interface is coupled to the host node equipment of guided wave communication system via fiber optic cables, To send downlink channel signals and to receive uplink channel signals.According to cable of cable TV system data interface specification agreement or 802.11 agreements carry out at least part of the uplink channel signals and at least part of the downlink channel signals It formats.
Turning now to Figure 20 B, a kind of flow chart 2020 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method is shown.Specifically, Present a kind of method for being used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 19 with feature.Step 2022 include receiving downlink channel signals from communication network.Step 2024 includes in guided wave communication system by the down channel Signal is emitted as guided electromagnetic wave.Step 2026 include be wirelessly transmitted at least one client node device it is described Downlink channel signals.
In various embodiments, being wirelessly transmitted the downlink channel signals includes: to carry out to the downlink channel signals Up-conversion is to generate the downlink channel signals through up-conversion；And the downlink channel signals through up-conversion are transmitted to institute State at least one client node device.It is carried out in guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as guided electromagnetic wave Transmitting may include: in the guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as in the first party along transmission medium The first upward guided electromagnetic wave is emitted；And in the guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as Emitted along the second guided electromagnetic wave in the second direction of the transmission medium.
In various embodiments, the transmission medium includes conducting wire, and will be described in the guided wave communication system under It includes: to couple the conducting wire for the downlink channel signals that row channel signal, which carries out transmitting as first guided electromagnetic wave, Outer surface to be propagated in said first direction；And the down channel is believed in the guided wave communication system Number carrying out transmitting as second guided electromagnetic wave includes: to couple the described outer of the conducting wire for the downlink channel signals Surface to be propagated in this second direction.
The method may further include: be amplified to the downlink channel signals to generate through amplification downlink letter Road signal；It is selectively filtered to described through one or more of amplification downlink channel signals, to generate the warp Amplify the subset of downlink channel signals；And the subset through amplifying downlink channel signals is wirelessly passed via antenna Transport to multiple client equipment.The downlink channel signals are carried out transmitting as guided electromagnetic wave in guided wave communication system can With include: the downlink channel signals are amplified so as to generate through amplify downlink channel signals；And by described through amplifying Downlink channel signals are coupled to the outer surface of transmission medium to be propagated as guided electromagnetic wave.
The method can also include: to extract the first uplink channel signals from the guided wave communication system；And by institute It states the first uplink channel signals and is sent to the communication network, and/or wirelessly from least one described client node device Receive the second uplink channel signals；And second uplink channel signals are sent to the communication
Turning now to Figure 20 C, a kind of flow chart 2040 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method is shown.Specifically, Present a kind of method for being used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 19 with feature.Step 2042 include wirelessling receive downlink channel signals from communication network.Step 2044 include will be described in guided wave communication system under Row channel signal is emitted as the guided electromagnetic wave propagated along transmission medium.Step 2046 includes at least one client End equipment is wirelessly transmitted the downlink channel signals.
In various embodiments, the transmission medium includes conducting wire, and the guided electromagnetic wave is limited to described lead The outer surface of line.Being wirelessly transmitted the downlink channel signals at least one client device may include: to the downlink Channel signal amplifies to generate through amplifying downlink channel signals；Select one through in amplification downlink channel signals Or it is multiple；And via antenna by described through one or more of being wirelessly transmitted to described in amplification downlink channel signals At least one client device.It is propagated in the guided wave communication system using the downlink channel signals as along transmission medium Guided electromagnetic wave carry out transmitting may include: the downlink channel signals are amplified so as to generate through amplify down channel Signal；And it is guided described through amplification downlink channel signals to the transmission medium of the guided wave communication system.
In various embodiments, from the communication network wirelessly receive downlink channel signals may include: to it is described The carrier frequency of downlink channel signals compares the RF signal with higher carrier frequency and carries out down coversion.The method can be into one Step includes: to extract the first uplink channel signals from the guided wave communication system；And by first uplink channel signals without Line it is transmitted to the communication network.The method may further include: wirelessly from least one described client device Receive the second uplink channel signals；And second uplink channel signals are wirelessly transmitted to the communication network.It is described Transmission medium may include the power circuit of public utility.
Turning now to Figure 20 D, a kind of flow chart 2060 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method is shown.Specifically, Present a kind of method for being used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 19 with feature.Step 2062 include extracting downlink channel signals from the first guided electromagnetic wave of the transmission medium for being restricted to guided wave communication system.Step 2064 include being amplified to the downlink channel signals to generate enlarged downlink channel signals.Step 2066 includes choosing Select it is described through amplification one or more of downlink channel signals via antenna wireless to be transmitted at least one described client End equipment.Step 2068 includes guiding the downlink channel signals of being amplified to transmission Jie of the guided wave communication system Matter as the second guided electromagnetic wave to be propagated.
In various embodiments, the transmission medium includes conducting wire, and first guided electromagnetic wave and described second Guided electromagnetic wave is guided by the outer surface of the conducting wire.It can be according to cable of cable TV system data interface specification agreement pair At least part of the downlink or uplink channel signal is formatted.It can be according to 802.11 agreements or forth generation or higher The mobile wireless agreement of grade is formatted at least part of the downlink or uplink channel signal.
In various embodiments, which comprises wireless from least one described client device via the antenna Ground receives uplink channel signals；The uplink channel signals are amplified to generate through amplifying uplink channel signals；And Guide the transmission medium to the guided wave communication system so as to as third leading through amplification uplink channel signals for described Electromagnetic wave is propagated.The downlink channel signals can be corresponding with the quantity of the downlink frequency channels, and it is described on Row channel signal can be corresponding with the uplink frequency channels quantity of downlink frequency channels quantity is less than or equal to.It can be according to having Line tv cable system data-interface specification protocol, 802.11 agreements or forth generation or more advanced mobile wireless agreement are to described At least part of uplink channel signals is formatted.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as Figure 20 A, Figure 20 B, Figure 20 C With a series of boxes in Figure 20 D it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of frame, Because some frames can occur with different order depicted and described herein with other frames and/or occur simultaneously.In addition, can The box of all diagrams can not needed to implement approach described herein.
Referring now to Fig. 21, which illustrates the block diagrams according to the calculating environment of various aspects described herein.In order to mention For the additional context of each embodiment for embodiment described herein, Figure 21 and following discussion are intended to provide to can be real Apply the brief, general description of the suitable computing environment 2100 of each embodiment of this theme disclosure.Although above can To describe embodiment in the general context of the computer executable instructions run on one or more computers, but originally Field is it will be recognized that the embodiment can also combine and/or as hardware and software with other program modules Combination is to implement.
In general, program module includes routine, the program, portion for executing particular task or implementing particular abstract data type Part, data structure etc..Moreover, it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that the inventive method can use other computer systems Configuration is to practice, including uniprocessor or multiprocessor computer system, minicomputer, mainframe computer and personal meter Calculation machine, Handheld computing device, based on microprocessor or programmable consumption electronic product etc., it is therein it is each operationally It is coupled to one or more associated equipment.
As used herein, processing circuit includes processor and other special circuits, such as specific integrated circuit, Digital Logical Circuits, state machine, programmable gate array handle input signal or data and generate output letter in response to it Number or data other circuits.Although should be noted that any function of description associated with the operation of processor herein It can equally be executed by processing circuit with feature.
It is clear unless the context otherwise, otherwise term " first ", " second ", " third " etc. as used in the claims Just for the sake of clear, rather than in addition indication or suggestion any time order.For example, " first determine ", " second determines " and " third determines " indication or suggestion first do not determine is carried out before second determines, or vice versa, etc..
The illustrated embodiment of embodiment hereof can also be practiced in a distributed computing environment, and some of them task is by passing through The remote processing devices of communication network links execute.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be located locally and remotely In memory storage device the two.
It calculates equipment and generally includes various media, may include computer readable storage medium and/or communication Medium, the two terms are using differently from one another herein below.Computer readable storage medium, which can be, to be visited by computer Any usable storage medium asked, and including volatile and non-volatile media, removable and irremovable medium.As showing Example rather than limit, computer readable storage medium can in conjunction with for store such as computer-readable instruction, program module, structure Change any method or technique of the information of data or unstructured data to implement.
Computer readable storage medium can include but is not limited to random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other disc memories, cassette, tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storages Equipment or other tangible and/or non-state mediums that can be used to store expectation information.In this respect, when in this paper quilt When being applied to storage device, memory or computer-readable medium, term " tangible " or " non-transient " should be interpreted as making It excludes itself only to propagate transient signal for modifier (modifier) and does not abandon itself not only propagating transient state letter to all Number standard memory devices, the right of memory or computer-readable medium.
Computer readable storage medium can be calculated equipment access by one or more Local or Remotes, such as via access Request, inquiry or other data retrieval agreements, for the various operations about the information by the media storage.
Communication media is usually with the data-signal body for the data-signal (for example, carrier wave or other transfer mechanisms) such as modulated Existing computer readable instructions, data structure, program module or other structures or unstructured data, and including any information Transmitting or transmission medium.Term " data-signal of modulation " or signal refer to one or more characteristic to believe in one or more The signal that this mode of encoded information is set or changed in number.As an example, not a limit, communication media includes wired Jie Matter (such as cable network or the connection of direct line) and wireless medium (such as acoustics, RF, infrared and other wireless mediums).
Referring again to Figure 21, example context 2100 is used for via base station (for example, base station equipment 1504, macrocell website 1502 or base station 1614) or central office (for example, central office 1501 or 1611) emit and receive signal, or be used to form At least part of the base station or central office.At least part of example context 2100 can be also used for transmission device 101 or 102.The example context may include computer 2102, and the computer 2102 includes processing unit 2104, system storage 2106 and system bus 2108.System bus 2108 extremely locates the couple system components of including but not limited to system storage 2106 Manage unit 2104.Processing unit 2104 can be any one of various commercially available processors.Dual micro processor is more with other Processor architecture is also used as processing unit 2104.
System bus 2108 can be any one in the bus structures of several types, can be further using various Any one in the commercially available bus architecture framework of various kinds be interconnected to memory bus (with or without Memory Controller), Peripheral bus and local bus.System storage 2106 includes ROM 2110 and RAM 2112.Basic input/output (BIOS) it can store in nonvolatile memories such as ROM, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM (EPROM), EEPROM In, wherein BIOS include help it is all as during start-up between the element in computer 2102 transport information basic routine. RAM 2112 can also include high-speed RAM, such as the static RAM of cached data.
Computer 2102 further includes internal hard disk drive (HDD) 2114 (for example, EIDE, SATA), the internal hard drive Driver 2114 can be configured to use for external in suitable cabinet (not shown), and the computer further includes magnetic Property floppy disk drive (FDD) 2116 (for example, in order to be read from moveable magnetic disc 2118 or it be written) and CD drive 2120 (for example, reading CD-ROM disk 2122, or read from other high capacity optical mediums of such as DVD or it are written). Hard disk drive 2114, disc driver 2116 and CD drive 2120 can pass through respectively hard disk drive interface 2124, Disk drive interface 2126 and CD-ROM drive interface 2128 are connected to system bus 2108.Implement for peripheral driver Interface 2124 include in universal serial bus (USB) and 1394 interfacing of Institute of Electrical and Electric Engineers (IEEE) extremely Few one or both.Other peripheral driver interconnection techniques are in the expection of embodiment described herein.
Driver and its associated computer readable storage medium provide data, data structure, computer executable finger The non-volatile memories of order etc..For computer 2102, driver and storage medium accommodate any number in a suitable digital format According to storage.Although the description of computer readable storage medium above is related to hard disk drive (HDD), moveable magnetic disc and all Such as the removable optical medium of CD or DVD, but skilled artisan recognize that, other kinds of computer can The storage medium (zip drive, cassette, flash card, cassette tape etc.) of reading can also make in Example Operating Environment With in addition, any such storage medium can include the computer executable instructions for executing approach described herein.
Multiple program modules can store in driver and RAM 2112, including operating system 2130, one or more Application program 2132, other program modules 2134 and program data 2136.Operating system, application, module and/or data whole Or part can also be cached in RAM 2112.Systems and methods described herein can use various commercially available behaviour Make the combination of system or operating system to implement.The application program that can be implemented by processing unit 2104 and otherwise be executed 2132 example includes that the diversity selection executed by transmission device 101 or 102 determines.
User can be by one or more wire/wireless input equipments (for example, keyboard 2138 and such as mouse 2140 Pointer device) it will order with information input into computer 2102.Other input equipment (not shown) may include microphone, red (IR) remote controler, control stick, cribbage-board, stylus, touch screen etc. outside.These and other input equipments are often through can couple Input equipment interface 2142 to system bus 2108 is connected to processing unit 2104, but can be connected by other interfaces, These other interfaces such as parallel port, 1394 serial port of IEEE, game port, the port universal serial bus (USB), IR Interface etc..
Monitor 2144 or other kinds of display equipment can also be connected via the interface of such as video adapter 2146 To system bus 2108., it will also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, monitor 2144 can also be any display equipment (for example, Another computer, smart phone, tablet computer with display etc.), for via any means of communication (including via mutual Networking and network based on cloud) receive display information associated with computer 2102.Other than monitor 2144, computer Also typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), loudspeaker, printer etc..
Computer 2102 can use via to one or more remote computer (such as (one or more) remote computations Machine 2148) the logical connections of wired and or wireless communications operated in networked environment.(one or more) remote computation Machine 2148 can be work station, server computer, router, personal computer, portable computer, based on microprocessor Amusement equipment, peer device or other common network nodes, and generally include relative to computer 2102 describe many or Whole elements, but for sake of simplicity, illustrate only memory/storage 2150.Discribed logical connection includes to local The connection of the wire/wireless of net (LAN) 2152 and/or bigger network (for example, wide area network (WAN) 2154).This LAN and WAN Networked environment is common in office and company, and is convenient for the computer network (such as Intranet) of enterprise-wide, institute There are these to may be connected to global communications network (for example, internet).
When in LAN networked environment in use, computer 2102 can by wired and or wireless communications network interface or Adapter 2156 is connected to local network 2152.Adapter 2156 can promote the wired or wireless communication to LAN 2152, It can also include the wireless aps for being communicated with wireless adapter 2156 of deployment on it.
When in WAN networked environment in use, computer 2102 may include modem 2158 or can connect The communication server to WAN 2154, or (such as pass through with other devices for establishing communication on WAN 2154 Internet).The modem 2158 that can be internal or external equipment and wired or wireless equipment can be set via input Standby interface 2142 is connected to system bus 2108.Program in networked environment, relative to computer 2102 or part thereof description Module can store in remote memory/storage device 2150.It is to be appreciated that shown network connection is example And other means for establishing communication link between the computers can be used.
Computer 2102 is operable to and is operatively disposed in any wireless device or entity communication in wireless communication, These wireless devices or entity such as printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communication Satellite, any equipment associated with wireless detectable label or position (for example, information station, news-stand, toilet) and phone. This may include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) andWireless technology.Therefore, communication can be and conventional net Self-organizing (ad hoc) communication between the same predefined structure of network or simply at least two equipment.
Wi-Fi can permit on the bed from the sofa of family, hotel room or working conference room is connected to internet, Without electric wire.Wi-Fi is analogous to the wireless technology used in mobile phone, it makes this equipment (such as computer) indoors The outdoor and；From anywhere in base station range, data are sent and received.Wi-Fi network uses referred to as IEEE 802.11 The radio technology of (a, b, g, n, ac, ag etc.) provides safe and reliable, quick wireless connection.Wi-Fi network can by with Come connect a computer to each other, be connected to internet and to be connected to (can be used IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet) wired Network.Wi-Fi network operates in for example unofficial 2.4GHz and 5GHz radio bands, or has and include the two frequency bands The product of (double frequency-band) allows network to provide the basic 10BaseT wired ethernet for being similar to and using in many offices The real-world performance of network.
Figure 22 presents the movement for the one or more aspects that can be implemented and using published subject described herein The example embodiment 2200 of the network platform 2210.In one or more embodiments, mobile network platform 2210 can be generated and Receive by base station associated with published subject (for example, base station equipment 1504, macrocell website 1502 or base station 1614), Central office (for example, central office 1501 or 1611) or the transmitting of transmission device 101 or 102 and received signal.In general, wireless The network platform 2210 may include convenient for packet switch (PS) (for example, Internet protocol (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transport model (ATM)) and both circuit switching (CS) traffics (for example, voice-and-data) and control are for aerogram of networking The component of generation, such as node, gateway, interface, server or entirely different platform.As non-limiting example, wireless network Network platform 2210 may include that may be considered that in telecommunication carrier networks, and as discussed elsewhere herein It is the component of carrier side.Mobile network platform 2210 includes (one or more) CS gateway node 2222, the CS gateway section Point can be connected with interface from as (one or more) telephone network 2240 is (for example, public switch telephone network (PSTN) or public land Ground mobile network (PLMN)) traditional network or the CS traffic that receives of signaling system #7 (SS7) network 2270.(one or more It is a) Circuit Switching Network's artis 2222 can authorize and authenticate from this network generate the traffic (for example, voice).In addition, Accessible data, roaming or the mobility generated by SS7 network 2270 of (one or more) CS gateway node 2222；Example Such as, the mobility data being stored in accessed location register (VLR), may reside in memory 2230.Moreover, The traffic and signaling and (one or more) PS gateway of the connection of 2222 interface of (one or more) CS gateway node based on CS Node 2218.As an example, (one or more) CS gateway node 2222 can be at least partly in 3GPP UMTS network It is realized in (one or more) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).It is to be appreciated that (one or more) CS gateway The function and concrete operations of node 2222, (one or more) PS gateway node 2218 and (one or more) service node 2216 Used in the mobile network platform 2210 for telecommunications (one or more) radio technology is provided and is provided.
Other than receiving and handling the CS exchange traffic and signaling, (one or more) PS gateway node 2218 can be with It authorizes and authenticates the data session based on PS with the mobile device serviced.Data session may include and wireless network platform The traffic of network exchange outside 2210 or (one or more) content, wherein network such as (one or more) wide area network (WAN) 2250, (one or more) enterprise network 2270 and (one or more) service network 2280, wherein service network can be with It is embodied in (one or more) local area network (LAN), (one or more) PS gateway node 2218 and mobile network can also be passed through 2210 interfaces of network platform.It should be noted that WAN 2250 and (one or more) enterprise network 2260 can be at least partly Embody (one or more) service network as IP multimedia subsystem (IP multimedia subsystem, IMS).It is based on Available (one or more) the radio technology layer in (one or more) technical resource 2217, (one or more) grouping are handed over Draping artis 2218 can generate block data protocol context when data session is established；Convenient for the road of packetized data By other data structures can also be generated.For this purpose, on the one hand, (one or more) PS gateway node 2218 may include Tunnel interface (for example, Tunnel Termination Gateway (TTG) (not shown) in 3GPP UMTS network), the tunnel interface can promote Into the packetized communication of the wireless network (such as Wi-Fi network) different from (one or more).
In embodiment 2200, wireless network platform 2210 further includes (one or more) service node 2216, is based on (one It is a or multiple) available (one or more) radio technology layer in technical resource 2217, the service node transports through (one It is a or multiple) PS gateway node 2218 received data flow each stream of packets.It should be noted that for depending primarily on CS (one or more) technical resource 2217 of communication, (one or more) server node can not depend on (one or more) PS Gateway node 2218 just conveys the traffic；For example, (one or more) server node can at least partly embody mobile friendship Switching center9.As an example, (one or more) service node 2216 can be in (one or more) in 3GPP UMTS network It is embodied in Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).
(one or more) server for using the radio technology of packetized communication, in wireless network platform 2210 2214 can execute numerous applications, these application can be generated multiple and different packetized data streams (streams or Flows), and (for example, scheduling, queuing, format ...) this stream is managed.(one or more) this application may include To the supplementary features of the standards service (for example, supply, charging, customer support ...) provided by wireless network platform 2210.Number (one can be sent to according to stream (for example, (one or more) content of a part as audio call or data session) Or multiple) PS gateway node 2218, for the authorization/certification and starting of data session, and it is sent to (one or more) Service node 2216, for communication thereafter.Other than application server, (one or more) server 2214 can also be wrapped Include (one or more) utility services device (utility server), utility services device may include provisioning server, operation and Safeguard service device can at least partly implement certificate authority and firewall and the security server of other security mechanisms, etc. Deng.On the one hand, the communication that the protection of (one or more) security server is serviced by wireless network platform 2210, so as to conduct The authorization and certification journey that (one or more) CS gateway node 2222 and (one or more) PS gateway node 2218 can be formulated Adding for sequence, also assures the operation and data integrity of network.Moreover, (one or more) provisioning server can be supplied and be come from The service of (one or more) external network (network such as runed by different ISPs)；For example, WAN 2250 or (one It is a or multiple) global positioning system (GPS) network (not shown).(one or more) provisioning server can also be by being associated with The network (for example, by same ISP's Disposition & Operation) of wireless network platform 2210 covers to supply, network such as Fig. 1 Shown in by provide more networks covering come enhance wireless service covering spaced antenna network.Relay equipment is (all As shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 those) also improve the network coverage, experienced to enhance by the subscriber services of UE 2275.
It should be noted that (one or more) server 2214 may include being configured at least partly giving (confer) one or more processors of the function of macro network platform 2210.For this purpose, for example, the one or more processor can To execute the code command being stored in memory 2230.It is to be appreciated that (one or more) server 2214 can be with Including content manager 2215, the content manager by substantially with it is described above it is identical in a manner of operated.
In example embodiment 2200, memory 2230 can store letter relevant to the operation of wireless network platform 2210 Breath.Other operation informations may include the information provision of the mobile device serviced by wireless network platform 2210, subscriber's number According to library；Using intelligence, pricing scheme, such as the activity of promotional price, flat rate scheme, discount coupon；From for different wireless Consistent (one or more) technical specification of telecom agreement of the operation of electricity or wireless technology layer；Etc..Memory 2230 may be used also (one or more) telephone network 2240, WAN 2250, (one or more) enterprise network 2270 or SS7 network are come from storage The information of at least one in 2260.On the one hand, memory 2230 can be for example as data storage part or as remote A part of the memory storage of journey connection is accessed.
In order to provide the context of the various aspects for published subject, Figure 22 and following discussion are intended to provide to wherein may be used To implement the brief general description of the proper environment of published subject.Although above can be at one and/or multiple Describe this theme in the general context of the computer executable instructions of the computer program run on computer, but ability Field technique personnel are it will be recognized that disclosed theme can also be implemented in conjunction with other program modules.In general, program module Routine, program, component, data structure including execution particular task and/or implementation particular abstract data type etc..
Figure 23 depicts the illustrative embodiments of communication equipment 2300.Communication equipment 2300 can be served as and be disclosed by this theme The explanation of the equipment such as equipment in the mobile device and building of content (for example, in Figure 15, Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B) reference Property embodiment.
Communication equipment 2300 may include wiredly and/or wirelessly transceiver 2302 (herein for transceiver 2302), user Interface (UI) 2304, power supply 2314, position receiver 2316, motion sensor 2318, orientation sensors 2320 and controller 2306 for managing its operation.Transceiver 2302 can support short distance or remote-wireless access technology, such asWiFi, DECT or cellular telecommunication art, only refer to it is several (WithBe respectively byTechnology-based Alliance andAlliance's registered trademark).Cellular technology can wrap Include such as CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE and in its appearance When other next generation wireless communication technologies.Transceiver 2302 may be adapted to support circuit-switched wire access technology (PSTN), packet switch wire access technology (TCP/IP, VoIP etc.), and combinations thereof.
UI 2304 may include with navigation sector (such as spin, control stick, mouse or for manipulating communication equipment The navigation disk of 2300 operation) pressable or touch-sensitive keypad 2308.Keyboard 2308 can be the shell of communication equipment 2300 The integral part of component or be by captive wireline interface (such as USB cable) or support for example's Wireless interface is operably coupled to its autonomous device.Keyboard 2308 can indicate the small key of number usually used by phone Disk, and/or qwerty keyboard with alphanumeric key.UI 2304 may further include display 2310, it is such as monochromatic or Color LCD (liquid crystal display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or for image to be transmitted to the final of communication equipment 2300 Other suitable display technologies of user.In the embodiment that display 2310 is touch sensitive, a part of keyboard 2308 or complete Portion can be presented by the display 2310 with navigation characteristic.
Touch screen technology can be used to also act as the user interface for detecting user's input in display 2310.As touching Panel type display, communication equipment 2300 can be adapted to that the user interface with graphic user interface (GUI) element is presented, described Graphical user-interface element can be touched by user using finger to select.Touch screen displays 2310 can equipped with condenser type, The detection technology of resistance-type or other forms has been placed in touch screen displays to detect how much surface regions of user's finger A part on.This sensitive information can be used for controlling the manipulation to the GUI element or other function of user interface.Display 2310 can be the integral part of the housing unit of communication equipment 2300 or be by captive wireline interface (such as cable) Or radio interface communication be coupled to its autonomous device.
UI 2304 can also transmit amount of bass audio (such as close to the audible sound of human ear including the use of Audiotechnica Frequently) and the audio system 2312 of louder volume audio (such as the speakerphone of hands-free operation).Audio system 2312 can be into One step includes the microphone for receiving the earcon of end user.Audio system 2312 can be also used for speech recognition and answer With.UI 2304 can further comprise for capturing still image or the imaging sensor of mobile image 2313, such as Charged Couple Device (CCD) camera.
Power supply 2314 can use such as replaceable and rechargeable battery, power supply regulation technology and/or charging system skill The multiple power source administrative skill of art is portable to promote remote or short distance to the component supplying energy of communication equipment 2300 Communication.Alternatively or in combination, the charging system can use external power supply, such as pass through physical interface (such as end USB Mouthful) or other suitable captive technology supply DC power supply.
Position receiver 2316 can use location technology, and (global positioning system (GPS) for such as capableing of assistant GPS receives Device) with the position for identifying communication equipment 2300 based on the signal generated by GPS satellite constellation, it is fixed to can be used for promoting Position service, such as navigates.Motion sensor 2318 can use motion sensing technology (such as accelerometer, gyroscope or other Suitable motion sensing technology) detect the movement of communication equipment 2300 in three dimensions.Orientation sensors 2320 can benefit With orientation detection technology (such as magnetometer) come detect communication equipment 2300 orientation (north, south, Xi Hedong, Yi Jidu, divide or its The combination orientation of his proper orientation measurement).
Transceiver 2302 can be used in communication equipment 2300 also (can such as be referred to using received signal strength by detection technology Show (RSSI) and/or time of arrival (toa) (TOA) or the flight time (TOF) measurement) come determine with honeycomb, WiFi,Or the degree of approach of other wireless access point.Controller 2306 can by computing technique (such as microprocessor, Digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate array, specific integrated circuit, and/or video processor) it is deposited with associated storage (such as flash memory, ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM are used for computer instructions, control and handle by communication equipment 2300 reservoir Above-mentioned parts supply data other memory technologies) be used together.
The other component not being shown in FIG. 23 can be used in one or more embodiments of this theme disclosure. For example, communication equipment 2300 may include for add or remove identity module (such as subscriber identity module (SIM) card or it is general Integrated circuit card (UICC)) slot.SIM card or UICC card can be used for identifying user service, execute program, storage user data Deng.
Turning now to Figure 24 A, it is unrestricted according to the example of the communication system of various aspects described herein to show diagram The block diagram of property embodiment.The communication system may include macro base station 2402, such as with the one or more sectors (examples of covering Such as, 6 or more sector) antenna base station or access point.Macro base station 2402 can be communicatively coupled to communication node 2404A, the communication node serve as the diverse geographic location inside or outside the overlay area for being distributed in macro base station 2402 The host node or distribution node of other communication nodes 2404B-E at place.Communication node 2404 is carried out as distributing antenna system Operation, the distributing antenna system be configured for processing with such as mobile device (for example, mobile phone) and/or fixation/it is quiet Equipment (for example, communication equipment in house or commercial undertaking) only etc. is wirelessly coupled to the visitor of any communication node 2404 The associated communication traffic of family end equipment.It specifically, can be by allowing and/or guide certain movements and/or static The radio resource of communication node 2404 of the equipment utilization in the communication range of the mobile device or static equipment makes macro base 2402 radio resource of standing can be used for mobile device.
Communication node 2404A-E can be communicatively coupled to each other by interface 2410.In one embodiment, interface 2410 may include wireline interface or captive interface (for example, fiber optic cables).In other embodiments, interface 2410 can wrap Include the wireless RF interface to form radio distributing antenna system.In various embodiments, communication node 2404A-E can be matched It sets for providing communication service to mobile device and static equipment according to the instruction provided by macro base station 2402.However, at it In his operation example, communication node 2404A-E is only used as analog repeater to be operable to the covering model of macro base station 2402 Enclose the entire scope that extension spreads each communication node 2404A-E.
Micro-base station (being portrayed as communication node 2404) can be different from macro base station at several aspects.For example, micro-base station is logical Believe that range can be less than the communication range of macro base station.It therefore, can be less than being consumed by macro base station by the electric power of micro-base station consumption Electric power.Macro base station optionally indicates that micro-base station will lead to about these micro-base stations with which mobile device and/or static equipment Letter and which carrier frequency, (more will be used by these micro-base stations when being communicated with certain mobile devices or static equipment It is a) timeslot scheduling of spectral slice and/or this kind of (multiple) spectral slices.In these cases, can using MS master-slave configuration or Other suitable control configurations are to execute the control by macro base station to micro-base station.It either independently carries out operating or in macro base Stand 2402 control under operated, the resource of micro-base station can it is simpler than the resource utilized by macro base station 2402 and at This is lower.
Turning now to Figure 24 B, the example for showing the communication node 2404B-E of the communication system 2400 of pictorial image 24A is non- The block diagram of restricted embodiment.In this diagram, communication node 2404B-E is placed on the fixed dress of the public utilities such as lamppost It sets.In other embodiments, some in communication node 2404B-E can be placed on for distributing electric power and/or communication On the building or wire column or electric pole of route.Communication node 2404B-E in these diagrams can be configured to Interface 2410 communicates with each other, and the interface is shown as wireless interface in this diagram.Communication node 2404B-E can be with It is configured to follow one or more communication protocols (for example, the forth generations such as LTE signal or other 4G signals (4G) Wireless signal, the 5th generation (5G) wireless signal, WiMAX, 802.11 signals, ultra-broadband signal etc.) wireless interface 2411 with Mobile device or static equipment 2406A-C are communicated.Communication node 2404 can be configured to interface 2410 with can Behaviour more higher than operating frequency (for example, 1.9GHz) for being communicated by interface 2411 with mobile device or static equipment Working frequency (for example, 28GHz, 38GHz, 60GHz, 80GHz or higher) exchanges signal.Higher carrier frequency and wider band It is wide to can be used between communication node 2404 being communicated, so that communication node 2404 can be via one or more different Frequency band (for example, 900MHz frequency band, 1.9GHz frequency band, 2.4GHz frequency band, and/or 5.8GHz frequency band etc.) and/or a kind of or more The different agreement of kind provides communication service to multiple mobile devices or static equipment, such as will be by the frequency spectrum of Figure 25 A described below Downlink schematic diagram and frequency spectrum uplink schematic diagram are illustrated.In other embodiments, especially via guided wave communication system System, can be using lower frequency ranges (for example, in 2GHz-6GHz, 4GHz- in the case where implementing interface 2410 on conducting wire In the range of 10GHz etc.) in broader frequency spectrum.
Turning now to Figure 24 C to Figure 24 D, showing for the communication node 2404 of the communication system 2400 of pictorial image 24A is shown The block diagram of example non-limiting embodiment.Communication node 2404 can be attached to wire column or electric pole shown in such as Figure 24 C Etc. the fixed device of public utilities support construction 2424.Communication node 2404 can use by plastics or other suitable material structures That makes is attached to the arm 2426 of the end of communication node 2404 to be attached to support construction 2424.Communication node 2404 can be into one Step includes the plastic casing component 2416 of each component of covering communication node 2404.Communication node 2404 can be by power circuit 2426 (for example, 110/226VAC) power.Power circuit 2426 can be originated from lamp stand or be coupled to the electricity of electric pole Line of force road.
In communication node 2404 and the embodiment that other communication nodes 2404 carry out wireless communication as shown in Figure 24 B In, the top side 2412 (also illustrating in Figure 24 D) of communication node 2404 may include that be coupled to one or more transceivers (all Such as, such as in Figure 14 all or part of the transceiver 1400 illustrated) mutiple antennas 2422 (for example, not metal surface 16 dielectric antennas).Each antenna in the mutiple antennas 2422 of top side 2412 can be used as the sector of communication node 2404 It is operated, each sector is configured for being led to at least one communication node 2404 in the communication range of the sector Letter.Alternatively or in combination, the interface 2410 between communication node 2404 can be captive interface (for example, light Fiber-optic cable or power circuit for transmitting guided electromagnetic wave as described earlier).In other embodiments, interface 2410 It can be different between communication node 2404.That is, some communication nodes 2404 can be communicated by wireless interface, and Other communication nodes are communicated by captive interface.In other embodiments again, some communication nodes 2404 be can use The wireless and captive interface of combination.
The bottom side 2414 of communication node 2404 can also include the load for being suitable for mobile device or static equipment 2406 The mutiple antennas 2424 that wave frequency rate and one or more mobile devices or static equipment 2406 carry out wireless communication.Such as relatively early meaning Out, it is used to pass through wireless interface 2411 shown in Figure 24 B and mobile device as communication node 2404 or static equipment carries out Carrier frequency used in communicating can be different from the load for being communicated between communication node 2404 by interface 2410 Wave frequency rate.The multiple antenna 2424 of the bottom part 2414 of communication node 2404 can also utilize transceiver, such as, such as The all or part of the transceiver 1400 illustrated in Figure 14.
Turning now to Figure 25 A, diagram is shown for enabling base station to be communicated with the communication node 2404 of Figure 24 A Downlink and uplink communication technology example, non-limiting embodiment block diagram.In the diagram of Figure 25 A, downlink chain Road signal (that is, signal that communication node 2404 is directed toward from macro base station 2402) can be divided by frequency spectrum: control channel 2502；Respectively From the downlink spectrum segment 2506 including modulated signal, the modulated signal can be original/intrinsic to its by frequency conversion Frequency band is so that communication node 2404 can be communicated with one or more mobile devices or static equipment 2506；And pilot tone Signal 2504 can use some or all of spectral slice 2506 to supply the pilot signal to mitigate communication node The distortion generated between 2504.Pilot signal 2504 can be by the top side 2416 (captive or wireless) of downlink communication node 2404 Transceiver is handled, so as to the removal distortion (for example, phase distortion) from reception signal.Each downlink spectrum segment 2506 can be assigned the bandwidth 2505 of sufficiently wide (for example, 50MHz), to include corresponding pilot signal 2504 and to be located at frequently One or more downlink modulated signals in frequency channels (or frequency band) in spectral slice section 2506.These modulated signals can be with Indicate the honeycomb channel that can be used to be communicated with one or more mobile devices or static equipment 2406 by communication node 2404 Signal, WLAN channel signal or other modulation communication signals (for example, 10MHz-26MHz).
It can be to the uplink modulated signal by moving or static communication equipment generates (in its intrinsic/original frequency band) It carries out frequency conversion and is thus positioned in the frequency channels in uplink spectrum segment 2510 (or frequency band).Uplink Modulated signal can indicate honeycomb channel signal, WLAN channel signal or other modulation communication signals.Each uplink spectrum Segment 2510 can be assigned similar or identical bandwidth 2505 so that including pilot signal 2508, the pilot signal can be mentioned Some or each spectral slice 2510 is provided with so that uplink communication node 2404 and/or macro base station 2402 can remove distortion (for example, phase error).
In the embodiment illustrated, downlink spectrum segment 2506 and uplink spectrum segment 2510 respectively include Multiple frequency channels (or frequency band), wherein can use from any amount of intrinsic/original frequency band (for example, 900MHz frequency Band, 1.9GHz frequency band, 2.4GHz frequency band, and/or 5.8GHz frequency band etc.) carry out frequency conversion modulated signal it is described more to occupy A frequency channels.Modulated signal can be up-converted in downlink spectrum segment 2506 and uplink spectrum segment 2510 Adjacent frequency channels.By this method, although some adjacent frequency channels in downlink spectrum segment 2506 may include Originally the modulated signal in same intrinsic/original frequency band, but other side frequencies in downlink spectrum segment 2506 Channel can also include originally in different intrinsic/original frequency bands but by frequency conversion at positioned at downlink spectrum segment Modulated signal in 2506 adjacent frequency channels.For example, in 1.9GHz frequency band the first modulated signal and identical frequency band (that is, The second modulated signal in 1.9GHz) can be located in the adjacent of downlink spectrum segment 2506 by frequency conversion and thus In frequency channels.In another diagram, in the first modulated signal and different frequency bands (that is, 2.4GHz) in 1.9GHz frequency band Second signal of communication can be located in the adjacent frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 2506 by frequency conversion and thus. Therefore, it can use any with identical or different signaling protocol and the modulated signal of identical or different intrinsic/original frequency band It combines to occupy the frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 2506.
Similarly, although some adjacent frequency channels in uplink spectrum segment 2510 may include originally same Modulated signal in frequency band, but the adjacent frequency channels in uplink spectrum segment 2510 can also include originally in difference At the modulated signal in the adjacent frequency channels for being located at uplink segment 2510 in inherently/original frequency band but by frequency conversion. For example, the second signal of communication in the first signal of communication and identical frequency band (that is, 2.4GHz) in 2.4GHz frequency band can be by frequency Rate is converted and is thus located in the adjacent frequency channels of uplink spectrum segment 2510.In another diagram, The second signal of communication in the first signal of communication and different frequency bands (that is, 2.4GHz) in 1.9GHz frequency band can be by frequency conversion And it is thus located in the adjacent frequency channels of uplink spectrum segment 2506.Therefore, it can use with identical or not Uplink spectrum segment is occupied with any combination of signaling protocol and the modulated signal of identical or different intrinsic/original frequency band 2510 frequency channels.It should be noted that depending on appropriate position frequency spectrum distribute, downlink spectrum segment 2506 with Uplink spectrum segment 2510 itself can be separated by protection band or otherwise by bigger frequency adjacent to each other and only It is spaced apart.
Turning now to Figure 25 B, the block diagram 2520 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram communication node is shown.Specifically Ground, the communicating node devices such as communication node 2404A of radio distributing antenna system include base-station interface 2522, duplex Device/bis- letters device assembly 2524 and two transceivers 2530 and 2532.It is noted, however, that working as communication node 2404A When base stations co-located equal with macro base station 2402, it is convenient to omit duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 and transceiver 2530, and And transceiver 2532 can couple directly to base-station interface 2522.
In various embodiments, base-station interface 2522 receives the one or more downlinks having in the first spectral slice First modulated signal of channel, to be transmitted to client device, such as one or more mobile communication equipments.First frequency spectrum piece Segment table shows original/intrinsic frequency band of the first modulated signal.First modulated signal may include following such as LTE or other 4G are wireless Agreement, 5G wireless communication protocol, ultra wide band protocols, WiMAX agreement, 802.11 or other protocol of wireless local area network and/or other One or more downlink communication channels of the signaling protocols such as communication protocol.Duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 by first frequency The first modulated signal in spectral slice section is delivered to transceiver 2530, so as to as free space radio signal and communication node One or more mobile communication equipments within the scope of 2404A carry out direct communication.In various embodiments, transceiver 2530 be through Implemented by only providing the analog circuitry system of the following terms: filtering, for transmitting modulated signal in its original/intrinsic frequency band In downlink channel and the frequency spectrum of uplink channel decay out of band signal simultaneously；Power amplification；Transmitting/reception exchange； Duplex；Double letters；And impedance matching, for driving the one or more antennas for sending and receiving the wireless signal of interface 2410.
In other embodiments, transceiver 2532 is configured in various embodiments to the first modulated signal Analog signal processing and executed in the case where not modifying the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice first The frequency conversion of the first modulated signal under modulated signal to first carrier frequency.The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency One or more frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 2506 can be occupied.First carrier frequency can be located at millimeter wave or In microwave band.As it is used herein, analog signal processing includes filtering, exchanges, duplex, double letters, amplification, frequency lifting turn It changes and does not need to include but is not limited to the Digital Signal Processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analogue conversion or numerical frequency conversion Other simulation process.In other embodiments, transceiver 2532 can be configured to the first modulated signal application number Word signal processing and do not utilize any type of analog signal processing and do not modify the first modulated signal signaling protocol feelings Executed under condition the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice to first carrier frequency frequency conversion.In other embodiments again In, transceiver 2532 can be configured to the combination to the first modulated signal application Digital Signal Processing and simulation process And the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is executed in the case where not modifying the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal to The frequency conversion of one carrier frequency.
Transceiver 2532 can be further configured for by one or more control channels, such as pilot signal or other One or more corresponding reference signals such as reference signal, and/or one or more clock signals are together under first carrier frequency First modulated signal is transmitted to the network element of distributing antenna system together, such as one or more downlink communication nodes 2404B-E, to be modulated once the first modulated signal is by the network element frequency conversion to the first spectral slice by first Signal is wirelessly distributed to other one or more mobile communication equipments.Specifically, reference signal enables network element to subtract It is small to the first modulated signal from first carrier frequency to the processing of the first spectral slice during phase error (and/or other The distorted signals of form).Control channel may include a plurality of instruction, these instruct the communication for guiding distributing antenna system The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice by node, to control Frequency selection and reuse mode, switching and/or other control signalings.It is being number via control channel transmitting and received instruction In the embodiment of signal, transceiver 2532 may include providing analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analogue conversion and processing to send out via control channel It send and/or the digital signal processing section part of received numerical data.It can use and supplied using downlink spectrum segment 2506 Clock signal synchronize by downlink communication node 2404B-E in order to restore instruction from control channel and/or when providing other Sequential signal and carry out digital control channel processing timing.
In various embodiments, transceiver 2532 can receive second from network elements such as communication node 2404B-E The second modulated signal under carrier frequency.Second modulated signal may include that following of being occupied by one or more modulated signals is all As LTE or other 4G wireless protocols, 5G wireless communication protocol, ultra wide band protocols, 802.11 or other protocol of wireless local area network and/ Or one or more uplink frequency channels of the signaling protocols such as other communication protocols.Specifically, mobile or static communicate sets The second modulated signal in standby the second spectral slice for generating such as original/intrinsic frequency band, and network element is by the second frequency spectrum The second frequency modulating signal in segment is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and when the second carrier frequency Under the second modulated signal by communication node 2404A receive when it is transmitted.Transceiver 2532 is operated with by second The second modulated signal under carrier frequency is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and via duplexer/bis- Believe that the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice is sent to such as macro base station 2402 by device assembly 2524 and base-station interface 2522 Base stations are waited to be handled.
Consider the following example for implementing communication node 2404A in distributing antenna system.It can use according to DOCSIS The 4G such as 2.0 or more advanced standard agreement, WiMAX standard agreement, ultra wide band protocols, 802.11 standard agreements, LTE protocol Or 5G voice-and-data agreement and/or other standards communication protocol modulate the signal with otherwise formatting to occupy The downlink tone in uplink frequency channel and downlink spectrum segment 2506 in line link spectral slice 2510 Rate channel.Other than the agreement for following Current standards, any agreement in these agreements can be modified for combining The system of Figure 24 A is operated together.For example, can modify 802.11 agreements or other agreements to include additional guide And/or individual data channel, to provide collision detection/multiple access access over a wider area (for example, allowing via downlink The network element or communication that the certain frequency channel of link spectral segment 2506 or uplink spectrum segment 2510 is communicated The communication equipment that ground is coupled to the network element is heard each other).In various embodiments, uplink spectrum segment 2510 All downlink frequency channels of all uplink frequency channels and downlink spectrum segment 2506 can whole roots It is formatted according to same communication protocol.However, in alternative solution, it can be in uplink spectrum segment 2510 and downlink chain In 2506 the two of road spectral slice using two or more different agreements come for example with various client devices it is simultaneous Hold and/or is operated in different bands.
It, can be according to the first standard agreement come to downlink tone spectral slice when using two or more different agreements First subset of the downlink frequency channel of section 2506 is modulated；And it can be according to different from first standard agreement The second standard agreement be modulated come the second subset of the downlink frequency channel to downlink spectrum segment 2506.Together Sample can be received the first subset of the uplink frequency channel of uplink spectrum segment 2510 by the system so as to basis First standard agreement is demodulated；And the upper of uplink spectrum segment 2510 can be received according to the second standard agreement The second subset of downlink frequency channel is so as to according to second standard agreement progress for being different from first standard agreement Demodulation.
According to these examples, base-station interface 2522 can be configured for from base stations such as macro base stations 2402 or other are logical Modulated signal, such as one or more downlink channel in its original/intrinsic frequency band are received at communication network element.It is similar Ground, base-station interface 2522 can be configured for supplying the received modulated signal from another network element to base station, described Modulated signal is believed by frequency conversion at the modulation with one or one uplink channel in its original/intrinsic frequency band Number.Base-station interface 2522 can be implemented via wired or wireless interface, the wired or wireless interface and macro base station or other Network element bidirectionally conveys such as uplink channel and downlink channel (in its original/intrinsic frequency band), communication control The signals such as signal processed and other network signals.Duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 is configured for will be in its original/intrinsic frequency Downlink channel in band is delivered to transceiver 2532, Gu the transceiver by the frequency of downlink channel from its is original/ There is frequency band to convert to the frequency spectrum of interface 2410 --- in this case, for for signal of communication downlink to be sent to distribution The wireless communication link of one or more other communication nodes 2404B-E within the scope of communication equipment 2404A of formula antenna system Road.
In various embodiments, transceiver 2532 include simulation radio, the simulation radio by be mixed or other Heterodyne movement carries out frequency conversion to the downlink channel signal being located in its original/intrinsic frequency band, to generate under occupancy The downlink channel signal of the downlink frequency channel of line link spectral slice 2506 being frequency converted.It illustrates herein In, downlink spectrum segment 2506 is within the downlink band of interface 2410.In embodiment, downlink channel is believed Number from its original/intrinsic frequency band be up-converted to downlink spectrum segment 2506 28GHz, 38GHz, 60GHz, 70GHz or 80GHz frequency band, to carry out sighting distance wireless communication with one or more other communication nodes 2404B-E.However, it should be noted that It is, it equally can be using other frequency bands (for example, 3GHz to 5GHz) for downlink spectrum segment 2506.For example, transceiver 2532 can be configured for: Gu the frequency band of interface 2410 drop to one or more downlink channel signals it is original/ In the case where having under spectrum bands, to one or more of downlink channel in its original/eigenfrequency spectrum frequency band Signal carries out down coversion.
Transceiver 2532 can be coupled to: multiple separate antennas for being communicated with communicating node device 2404B, The antenna 2422 such as presented in conjunction with Figure 24 D；Or the phased array for being communicated with the multiple equipment at different location Column can turn to wave beam or multibeam antenna system.Duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 may include duplexer, triplexer, separation Device, switch, router and/or as " channel duplexer " operated with provide on a plurality of communication path and via uplink The other assemblies of the two-way communication of one or more original/eigenfrequency spectrum segments of link channel and downlink channel.
Carrier frequency downlink in addition to the modulated signal being frequency converted to be different to its original/eigenfrequency spectrum frequency band turns Be sent to except other communication nodes 2404B-E, communication node 2404A can also via wireless interface 2411 will not from its original The whole or selected part of beginning/eigenfrequency spectrum band modifications modulated signal are conveyed to the wireless communication in communication node 2404A Client device in range.Duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 is defeated by modulated signal (in its original/eigenfrequency spectrum frequency band) It send to transceiver 2530.Transceiver 2530 may include power amplifier, and the power amplifier is for selecting one or more The channel selection filter of downlink channel and it is coupled to one or more, antenna 2424 etc. presented in conjunction with Figure 24 D A antenna, so as to via wireless interface 2411 by the downlink channel transmissions to mobile or fixed wireless device.
Other than destination is the downlink communication of client device, communication node 2404A can also be with reciprocal Mode is operated to handle the uplink communication for being originated from client device.In operation, transceiver 2532 is via interface 2410 uplink spectrum receives the uplink channel in uplink spectrum segment 2510 from communication node 2404B-E. Uplink frequency channel in uplink spectrum segment 2510 includes modulated signal, and the modulated signal is by communication node 2404B-E is converted from its original/eigenfrequency spectrum frequency band to the uplink frequency channel of uplink spectral slice 2510. It is operated in intrinsic/high frequency band of original signal spectrum segment of the modulated signal than being supplied by client device in interface 2410 In the case of, the modulated signal through up-conversion is downconverted to its original frequency band by transceiver 2532.However, interface 2410 than In the case of being operated in intrinsic/low frequency band of original signal spectrum segment by the modulated signal of client device supply, transmitting-receiving Device 2532 is by downconverted modulated signal up-conversion to its original frequency band.In addition, transceiver 2530 be operable to via Wireless interface 2411 receives all or selected modulation letter of modulated signal (in its original/intrinsic frequency band) from client device Number.Duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 will be defeated via the received modulated signal of transceiver 2530 (in its original/intrinsic frequency band) It send to base-station interface 2522, to be sent to other network elements of macro base station 2402 or communication network.Similarly, uplink is occupied Uplink frequency channel in link spectral segment 2510 by 2532 frequency conversion of transceiver to its original/intrinsic frequency band Modulated signal is provided to duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524, to be delivered to base-station interface 2522 to be sent to macro base station 2402 or communication network other network elements.
Turning now to Figure 25 C, the block diagram 2535 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram communication node is shown.Specifically Ground, the communicating node devices packet such as communication node 2404B, 2404C, 2404D or 2404E of radio distributing antenna system Include transceiver 2533, duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524, amplifier 2538 and two transceivers 2536A and 2536B.
In various embodiments, transceiver 2536A receives the from communication node 2404A or uplink communication node 2404B-E In the converted frequency spectrum of the first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, the first carrier frequency and distributing antenna system The layout of the channel (for example, frequency channels of one or more downlink spectrum segments 2506) of one modulated signal is corresponding. First modulated signal includes the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment.Transceiver 2536A into One step is configured for receiving one or more control channels and such as pilot signal or other references from communication node 2404A One or more corresponding reference signal such as signal, and/or one associated with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Or multiple clock signals.First modulated signal may include following such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocols, 5G wireless communication association View, ultra wide band protocols, WiMAX agreement, 802.11 or the signaling protocols such as other protocol of wireless local area network and/or other communication protocols One or more downlink communication channels.
As discussed previously, reference signal enable network element reduce to the first modulated signal from first carrier Frequency to the first spectral slice (that is, original/eigenfrequency spectrum) processing during phase error (and/or the signal of other forms Distortion).Control channel includes a plurality of instruction, and described instruction is used to indicate the communication node of distributing antenna system for first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, to control frequency selection and to reuse Mode, switching and/or other control signalings.Clock signal can be synchronized by downlink communication node 2404B-E in order to from the control In channel processed restore instruction and/or other clock signals are provided and carry out digital control channel processing timing.
Amplifier 2538 can be two-way amplifier, be believed together with reference the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Number, control channel and/or clock signal amplify together to be coupled to transceiver via duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 2536B, the transceiver serve as repeater in this diagram, and the repeater is used for will be enlarged under first carrier frequency First modulated signal is transmitted in communication node 2404B-E again together with reference signal, control channel and/or clock signal Other the one or more communication sections operated positioned at the shown downstream communication node 2404B-E and in a similar manner Point.
Enlarged first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is believed together with reference signal, control channel and/or clock Number it is also coupled to transceiver 2533 together via duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524.Transceiver 2533 executes control channel Digital Signal Processing, to restore instruction from the control channel, such as using the instruction of digital data form.Clock signal For synchronizing the timing of the digital control channel processing.Then, transceiver 2533 is according to described instruction and based on to the first tune Simulation (and/or number) signal processing of signal processed is executed to the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency to the first frequency spectrum The frequency conversion of the first modulated signal in segment, and reduce using the reference signal mistake during the conversion process Very.Transceiver 2533 is wirelessly transmitted the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, so as to as free space radio signal Direct communication is carried out with one or more mobile communication equipments within the scope of communication node 2404B-E.
In various embodiments, transceiver 2536B is from such as positioned at one of the shown downstream communication node 2404B-E Or second load of other network elements reception such as multiple other communication node 2404B-E in uplink spectrum segment 2510 The second modulated signal under wave frequency rate.Second modulated signal may include following that such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocols, 5G is wireless Communication protocol, ultra wide band protocols, 802.11 or the signaling protocols such as other protocol of wireless local area network and/or other communication protocols one A or multiple uplink communication channels.Specifically, one or more mobile communication equipments are generated in such as original/intrinsic frequency band Deng the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and downlink network element is executed to the second modulation in the second spectral slice The frequency conversion of the second modulated signal under signal to the second carrier frequency and when in uplink spectrum segment 2,510 the The second modulated signal under nd carrier frequency carries out transmission number to it when being received by shown communication node 2404B-E.Transmitting-receiving Device 2536B is operable to send out the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency via duplexer/bis- letter device assemblies 2524 It send to amplifier 2538 to amplify, and transmits again via transceiver 2536A and to be back to communication node 2404A or uplink is logical Node 2404B-E is believed, so that further transmission is back to the base stations such as macro base station 2402 to be handled again.
Transceiver 2533 can also be received from one or more mobile communication equipments within the scope of communication node 2404B-E The second modulated signal in second spectral slice.Transceiver 2533 is operable to for example via the received finger of control channel Enable the lower frequency executed to the second modulated signal under the second modulated signal to the second carrier frequency in the second spectral slice of control Rate conversion；Reference signal, control channel and/or clock signal are inserted into be used to believe the second modulation by communication node 2404A Number it is converted back to original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment again；And via duplexer/bis- letters device assembly 2524 and amplifier 2538 by The second modulated signal under nd carrier frequency is sent to transceiver 2536A and is back to communication node to amplify and transmit again 2404A or uplink communication node 2404B-E, to transmit base stations such as being back to macro base station 2402 further to be located Reason.
Turning now to Figure 25 D, the figure schematic diagram 2540 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of graphical spectrum is shown.Specifically Ground shows frequency spectrum 2542 for the distributing antenna system of transmission modulated signal, and the modulated signal is at it from one Or multiple original/eigenfrequency spectrum segments are occupied by frequency conversion (for example, via up-conversion or down coversion) at after frequency spectrum 2542 The frequency channels of downlink fragment 2506 or uplink spectrum segment 2510.
In the example presented, downlink (downlink) channel band 2544 includes by individual downlink tone spectral slice Multiple downlink frequency channels that section 2506 indicates.Equally, uplink (uplink) channel band 2546 includes by individual uplink Multiple uplink frequency channels that link spectral segment 2510 indicates.The spectral shape of independent spectral slice means for each modulation The placeholder of the frequency of signal and associated reference signal, control channel and clock signal distribution.Downlink tone spectral slice Section 2506 or the response of the actual spectrum of each frequency channels in uplink spectrum segment 2510 will be based on used agreement With modulate and further changed according to the time.
According to asymmetric communication system, the quantity of uplink spectrum segment 2510 can be less than or greater than downlink tone The quantity of spectral slice section 2506.In this case, up channel frequency band 2546 can be narrower than or be wider than down channel frequency band 2544. In alternative solution, in the case where implementing symmetrical communication systems, under the quantity of uplink spectrum segment 2510 can be equal to The quantity of line link spectral slice 2506.In this case, the width of up channel frequency band 2546 can be equal to down channel The width of frequency band 2544, and bit padding or other data filling techniques can be used to compensate the variation of upstream traffic.To the greatest extent Pipe down channel frequency band 2544 is shown at the frequency lower than up channel frequency band 2546, but in other embodiments, Down channel frequency band 2444 can be located at the frequency higher than up channel frequency band 2546.In addition, the quantity of spectral slice and these Respective frequencies position of the spectral slice in frequency spectrum 2542 can over time and dynamic changes.For example, can be in frequency spectrum Common control channel is provided in 2542 (not shown), the common control channel can indicate each downlink to communication node 2404 The frequency location of link spectral segment 2506 and each uplink spectrum segment 2510.Depending on traffic conditions or need The network demand of bandwidth is redistributed, downlink spectrum segment 2506 can be changed by means of the common control channel With the quantity of uplink spectrum segment 2510.In addition, downlink spectrum segment 2506 and uplink spectrum segment 2510 It need not separate and be grouped.For example, common control channel can be in an alternating fashion or symmetrical any can be or can not be Other combinations are to identify the downlink spectrum segment 2506 for being followed by uplink spectrum segment 2510.It should be further noted that It is that, instead of utilizing common control channel, multiple control channels can be used, each control channel identifies one or more frequency spectrum pieces The frequency location of section and the type (that is, uplink or downlink) of spectral slice.
In addition, although down channel frequency band 2544 and up channel frequency band 2546 are all shown as occupying single continuous frequency Band, but in other embodiments depends on available frequency spectrum and/or used communication standard, can using two or more Multiple up channel frequency bands and/or two or more down channel frequency bands.Uplink spectrum segment 2510 and downlink The frequency channels of spectral slice 2506 can be by according to DOCSIS 2.0 or more advanced standard agreement, WiMAX standard agreement, super 4G the or 5G voice-and-data agreements such as wideband protocol, 802.11 standard agreements, LTE protocol and/or other standards communication protocols View modulate, format be frequency converted signal occupy.It, can be to these agreements other than the agreement for following Current standards In any agreement be modified for combine shown system operated together.For example, can to 802.11 agreements or Other agreements are modified to include additional guide and/or individual data channel, to provide conflict over a wider area Detection/multiple access access (for example, allowing to hear each other via the equipment that certain frequency channel is communicated).In each embodiment In, under all uplink frequency channels of uplink spectrum segment 2510 and all of downlink spectrum segment 2506 Downlink frequency channel is formatted all according to same communication protocol.However, in alternative solution, it can be at one or more The uplink frequency channel of a uplink spectrum segment 2510 and one or more downlink spectrum segments 2506 In downlink frequency channel the two using two or more different agreements come for example with various client devices It is compatible with and/or is operated in different bands.
It should be noted that modulated signal can be collected from different original/eigenfrequency spectrum segments, to gather frequency In spectrum 2542.By this method, the first part of the uplink frequency channel of uplink spectrum segment 2510 can be with uplink The uplink frequency channel of link spectral segment 2510 by from one or a different original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment into The second part of line frequency conversion is adjacent.Similarly, the first of the downlink frequency channel of downlink spectrum segment 2506 Part can from the downlink frequency channel of downlink spectrum segment 2506 by from one or it is a it is different it is original/ The second part that eigenfrequency spectrum segment carries out frequency conversion is adjacent.For example, by one or more 0.9GHz of frequency conversion 802.11 channels can with also by one or more 5.8GHz of frequency conversion to frequency spectrum 2542 centered on 80GHz 802.11 channels are adjacent.It should be noted that each spectral slice can have associated reference signal, such as can be used for The pilot signal of the local oscillator signals in some frequency and phase is generated, the local oscillator signals are provided to this frequency One or more frequency channels of spectral slice section are from its layout in frequency spectrum 2542 to the frequency for being back to its original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment Rate conversion.
Turning now to Figure 25 E, the figure schematic diagram 2550 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of graphical spectrum is shown.Specifically Ground is presented as combined by the transceiver 2530 of communication node 2440A or the transceiver 2532 of communication node 2404B-E to selected The spectral slice selection that the signal processing that spectral slice executes is discussed.As shown, selection includes that uplink frequency is believed Specific uplink frequency-portions 2558 of one of the uplink spectrum segment 2510 of road frequency band 2546 and including downlink chain The particular downstream frequency part 2556 of one of the downlink spectrum segment 2506 of path channels frequency band 2544 is will pass through channel choosing It selects filtering to be transmitted, wherein the rest part of uplink frequency channel frequency band 2546 and downlink channel frequency band 2544 It is filtered out --- it is attenuated, to mitigate the adverse effect of the processing to the expected frequency channel transmitted by transceiver.It should It is noted that although showing the single specific uplink spectral slice 2510 of selection and particular downlink spectral slice 2506, but in other embodiments, two or more uplink spectral slices and/or downlink tone spectral slice can be transmitted Section.
Although transceiver 2530 and 2532 can based on static channel filter uplink frequency part 2558 and under It is operated in the case that uplink frequency part 2556 is fixed, but it is as discussed previously, it can be used and believe via control Transceiver 2530 and 2532 is dynamically configured to specific frequency selection by the instruction that road is sent to transceiver 2530 and 2532.With This mode, can by other network elements of macro base station 2402 or communication network by the uplink frequency channels of corresponding spectral slice and Downlink frequency channels are dynamically assigned to each communication node, so as to the performance of Optimum distribution formula antenna system.
Turning now to Figure 25 F, the figure schematic diagram 2560 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of graphical spectrum is shown.Specifically Ground shows frequency spectrum 2562 for the distributing antenna system of transmission modulated signal, and the modulated signal is at it from one Or multiple original/eigenfrequency spectrum segments are occupied by frequency conversion (for example, via up-conversion or down coversion) at after frequency spectrum 2562 The frequency channels of uplink spectrum segment or downlink spectrum segment.
Uplink and downlink data can be conveyed using two or more different communication protocols as discussed previously. When using two or more different agreements, the first son of the downlink frequency channel of downlink spectrum segment 2506 Collection can be by occupying according to the modulated signal of the first standard agreement being frequency converted；And identical or different downlink spectrum The second subset of the downlink frequency channel of segment 2510 can be by according to the second mark for being different from first standard agreement The modulated signal of quasi- agreement being frequency converted occupies.It is also possible to receive uplink spectrum segment 2510 by the system Uplink frequency channel the first subset to be demodulated according to first standard agreement；And it can be according to second Standard agreement receives the second subset of the uplink frequency channel of identical or different uplink spectrum segment 2510 so as to root It is demodulated according to second standard agreement for being different from first standard agreement.
In shown example, down channel frequency band 2544 includes by indicating the first kind using the first communication protocol Independent spectral shape come more than first a downstream spectrum segments for indicating.Down channel frequency band 2544' includes by indicating to use the The independent spectral shape of the Second Type of two communication protocols is come more than second a downstream spectrum segments for indicating.Equally, up channel Frequency band 2546 includes by indicating indicate using the independent spectral shape of the first kind of first communication protocol A uplink spectrum segment more than one.Up channel frequency band 2546' includes by indicating described second using second communication protocol The independent spectral shape of type is come more than second a uplink spectrum segments for indicating.These individual spectral shapes mean for each The placeholder of the frequency distribution of independent spectral slice and associated reference signal, control channel and/or clock signal.Although Individually channel width is shown as roughly the same for the channel of the first kind and Second Type, but it should be appreciated that It is that uplink and downlink channel frequency band 2544,2544', 2546 and 2546' can have different bandwidth.In addition, depending on available Frequency spectrum and/or used communication standard, spectral slice in the channel band of these first kind and Second Type can be with With different bandwidth.
Turning now to Figure 25 G, the figure schematic diagram 2570 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of graphical spectrum is shown.Specifically Ground, for from one or more original/eigenfrequency spectrum segments by frequency conversion (for example, via up-conversion or down coversion) Channel signal form come transmit the distributing antenna system of modulated signal show Figure 25 D to Figure 25 F frequency spectrum 2542 or 2562 a part.
Part 2572 includes a part of downlink spectrum segment 2506 or uplink spectrum segment 2510, the portion Divide a part reserved for control channel, reference signal and/or clock signal for being indicated by spectral shape and being indicated bandwidth. For example, spectral shape 2574 indicates the control channel separated with reference signal 2579 and clock signal 2578.It should be noted that Clock signal 2578 is shown as to need to be adjusted to the frequency of the sinusoidal signal of the form of more conventional clock signal with expression Spectral shape.However, in other embodiments, conventional clock signal can be used as modulation carrier wave to send, such as, by via width Value modulation keeps carrier phase to be modulated for use as other modulation techniques of phase reference to reference signal 2579.At it In his embodiment, by being modulated to another carrier wave or clock signal can be transmitted as another signal.In addition, It should be noted that clock signal 2578 and reference signal 2579 be both shown as control channel 2574 frequency band it Outside.
In another example, part 2575 includes downlink spectrum segment 2506 or uplink spectrum segment 2510 A part, a part that the part is reserved by expression bandwidth for control channel, reference signal and/or clock signal Spectral shape a part indicate.Spectral shape 2576 indicates the control channel with instruction, and described instruction includes via width Value modulation, amplitude shift keying keep carrier phase to carry out reference signal 2579 for use as other modulation techniques of phase reference The numerical data of modulation.Clock signal 2578 is shown as except the frequency band of spectral shape 2576.It is instructed and is adjusted by control channel The reference signal 2579 of system is actually the subcarrier of control channel, and in the band of control channel.Again, clock signal 2578 are shown as with the spectral shape for indicating sinusoidal signal, however, in other embodiments, conventional clock signal can be made It is sent for modulation carrier wave or other signals.In this case, the instruction of control channel can be used for clock signal 2578 And non-reference signal 2579 is modulated.
Consider control channel be via to the reference signal 2579 that use continuous wave (CW) form modulate carry with Downlink or uplink link spectral segment 2506 and 2510 frequency conversions are being back to its original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment phase by lower example Between, the phase distortion in receiver is corrected according to the reference signal.It can use such as pulse amplitude modulation, binary system phase The robust modulations such as keying, amplitude shift keying or other modulation schemes are moved to be modulated to control channel, to carry distributed day Instruction between the network element of linear system system, such as network operation, the operation and management traffic and other control data.Each In a embodiment, control data be can include but is not limited to:
Indicate the status information of the network performance parameter of presence, off-line state and each network element.
Module title and the network equipment informations such as address, hardware version and software version, capacity of equipment.
Such as frequency scaling ratio, channel spacing, protection band, uplink/downlink distribution, uplink and under The spectrum informations such as Downlink channels selection.
The environment measurements such as weather conditions, image data, power cut-off information, sighting distance blocking.
In a further example, control channel data can be sent via ultra wide band (UWB) signaling.It can be by with spy Fix time interval generate radio energy and occupied via pulse position modulation or time-modulation bigger bandwidth, by pair The polarity or amplitude of UWB pulse carry out encoding and/or transmitting by using orthogonal pulses control channel data.Specifically, UWB Pulse can sporadically be sent with relatively low pulse rate to support time-modulation or position modulation, but can also be with It is sent with being up to the rate of UWB pulse bandwidth inverse.By this method, control channel can be with relatively low power in UWB Extended on frequency spectrum, and will not interfere to the reference signal of the band inner portion for the UWB spectrum that may occupy control channel and/or when The CW of clock signal is transmitted.
Turning now to Figure 25 H, the block diagram 2580 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram transmitter is shown.Specifically, Transmitter 2582 is shown as making together with the digital control channel processor 2595 in such as receiver 2581 and transceiver With the transceiver 2533 that the transceiver is such as presented in conjunction with Figure 25 C.As shown, transmitter 2582 includes AFE(analog front end) 2586, clock-signal generator 2589, local oscillator 2592, frequency mixer 2596 and transmitter front-end 2584.
Enlarged first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is believed together with reference signal, control channel and/or clock Number AFE(analog front end) 2586 is coupled to from amplifier 2538 together.AFE(analog front end) 2586 include one or more filters or other Frequency selection, so as to by control channel signal 2587, clock reference signal 2578, pilot signal 2591 and one or more institute Channel signal 2594 is selected to separate.
Digital control channel processor 2595 executes Digital Signal Processing to control channel, such as to control via to number The demodulation of channel data processed restores instruction from control channel signal 2587.Clock-signal generator 2589 is according to clock reference Signal 2578 generates clock signal 2590, so as to the synchronous digital control channel carried out by digital control channel processor 2595 The timing of reason.It is in sinusoidal embodiment in clock reference signal 2578, clock-signal generator 2589 can be provided and be put Big and limitation is so as to according to sine curve generation conventional clock signal or other clock signals.In clock reference signal 2578 In embodiment for modulation carrier signal (such as, to reference signal or pilot signal or other load wave modulations), clock signal Generator 2589 can provide demodulation to generate conventional clock signal or other clock signals.
In various embodiments, control channel signal 2587 can be divides with pilot signal 2591 and clock reference 2588 In the frequency range opened through digital modulation signals, or as the modulation of pilot signal 2591.In operation, digital control letter Road processor 2595 provides the demodulation to control channel signal 2587 to extract instruction wherein included, to generate control signal 2593.Specifically, it can be used by digital control channel processor 2595 in response to being given birth to via the received instruction of control channel At control signal 2593 select particular channel signal 2594 and corresponding pilot signal 2591 and/or clock reference 2588, to carry out conversion for the frequency to channel signal 2594 to transmit via wireless interface 2411.It should be noted that , can be via number in the case where control channel signal 2587 carrys out send instructions via the modulation to pilot signal 2591 Word control channel processor 2595 rather than AFE(analog front end) 2586 extracts pilot signal 2591 as shown.
Digital control channel processor 2595 can be via such as microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, micro- Computer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, number It circuit system, analog-digital converter, digital analog converter and/or is manipulated based on the hard coded to circuit system and/or operational order The processing modules such as any equipment of signal (simulation and/or digital) are implemented.The processing module can be or further Including memory and/or integral memory element, the integral memory element can be single memory equipment, multiple storages Device equipment, and/or another processing module, module, the flush type circuit system of processing circuit and/or processing unit.It is such to deposit Storage device can be read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, static storage Device, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory and/or any equipment for storing digital information.It should be noted that such as Fruit processing module includes more than one processing equipment, then these processing equipments can be positioned at center (for example, via it is wired and/ Or wireless bus structure is directly coupled together) or can position in a distributed manner (for example, via by local area network and/or extensively The cloud computing of the INDIRECT COUPLING of domain net).It further notes that, the memory of storage corresponding operating instruction and/or storage Device element can be embedded in microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, scene can Gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, digital circuitry, analog-digital converter, digital-to-analogue is programmed to turn Within parallel operation or other equipment or positioned at these device externals.Still it further notes that, memory component can be deposited Storage, and processing module executes hard coded instruction corresponding at least some of steps described herein and/or function And/or operational order, and such memory devices or memory component may be implemented as product.
Local oscillator 2592 generates local oscillator signals 2597 using pilot signal 2591, to reduce frequency conversion Distortion during process.In various embodiments, pilot signal 2591 be in local oscillator signals 2597 correct frequency and Phase, with generate be in appropriate frequency and phase local oscillator signals 2597, thus by channel signal 2594 (be in and its The associated carrier frequency of layout in the frequency spectrum of distributing antenna system) it converts to its original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment, so as to It is transmitted to fixed or mobile communication equipment.In this case, local oscillator 2592 can using bandpass filtering and/or other Signal Regulation come generate keep pilot signal 2591 frequency and phase sinusoidal local oscillator signal 2597.In other implementations In example, pilot signal 2591 has the frequency and phase that can be used for exporting local oscillator signals 2597.In this case, Local oscillator 2592 generated based on pilot signal 2591 using frequency division, frequency multiplication or other frequency synthesis in appropriate frequency and The local oscillator signals 2597 of phase, so that channel signal 2594 (to be in and it is in the frequency spectrum of distributing antenna system The associated carrier frequency of layout) conversion to its original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment, sets to be transmitted to fixed or mobile communication It is standby.
Frequency mixer 2596 is based on local oscillator signals 2597 and is operable to carry out frequency displacement to channel signal 2594, from And generate the channel signal 2598 being frequency converted in its corresponding original/eigenfrequency spectrum segment.The front end transmitter (Xmtr) 2584 include power amplifier and impedance matching, to wait one or more antennas that will be frequency converted via antenna 2424 Channel signal 2598 be wirelessly transmitted as free space radio signal to one within the scope of communication node 2404B-E Or multiple movements or fixed communication apparatus.
Turning now to Figure 25 I, the block diagram 2585 of the example, non-limiting embodiment of diagram receiver is shown.Specifically, Receiver 2581 is shown as making together with the digital control channel processor 2595 in such as transmitter 2582 and transceiver With the transceiver 2533 that the transceiver is such as presented in conjunction with Figure 25 C.As shown, receiver 2581 includes that simulation receives Front end device (RCVR) 2583, local oscillator 2592 and frequency mixer 2596.Digital control channel processor 2595 is from control It is operated under the control of the instruction of channel, to generate pilot signal 2591, control channel signal 2587 and clock reference letter Numbers 2578.
It can also use by digital control channel processor 2595 in response to being generated via the received instruction of control channel Control signal 2593 select particular channel signal 2594 and corresponding pilot signal 2591 and/or clock reference 2588, To carry out conversion for the frequency to channel signal 2594 to receive via wireless interface 2411.Analog receiver front end 2583 include low-noise amplifier and one or more filters or the selection of other frequencies, so as in the control of control signal 2593 System is lower to receive one or more selected channel signals 2594.
Local oscillator 2592 generates local oscillator signals 2597 using pilot signal 2591, to reduce frequency conversion Distortion during process.In various embodiments, local oscillator using bandpass filtering and/or other Signal Regulations, frequency division, times Frequency or other frequency synthesis generate the local oscillator signals 2597 in appropriate frequency and phase based on pilot signal 2591, Thus extremely by channel signal 2594, pilot signal 2591, control channel signal 2587 and 2578 frequency conversion of clock reference signal The frequency spectrum of distributing antenna system, to be transmitted to other communication nodes 2404A-E.Specifically, frequency mixer 2596 is based on local Oscillator signal 2597 is operable to carry out frequency displacement to channel signal 2594, to generate in distributing antenna system The channel signal 2598 of expectation layout in spectral slice being frequency converted, to be coupled to amplifier 2538, to transceiver 2536A is back to communication node 2404A or uplink communication node 2404B- to amplify and transmit again via transceiver 2536A E, so that further transmission is back to the base station of such as macro base station 2402 to be handled again.
Turning now to Figure 26 A, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2600 is shown.Method 2600 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Method 2600 may begin at step 2602, in this step, the equal base stations of the macro base station 2402 of Figure 24 A determine the travel rate of communication equipment.The communication is set The standby mobile communication equipment that can be one of mobile device 2406 illustrated in such as Figure 24 B or static communication equipment (for example, Communication equipment in house or commercial undertaking).Base station can use radio honeycomb communication technology (for example, LTE) and communication equipment Directly communicated, the radio honeycomb communication technology enable base station by from the communication equipment receive location information come The movement of the communication equipment is monitored, and/or voice service and/or data service etc. can be provided to the communication equipment Radio communication service.During communication session, base station and communication equipment utilize the one of some bandwidth (for example, 10MHz-26MHz) A or multiple spectral slices (for example, resource block) come exchange with some intrinsic/original carrier frequency (for example, 900MHz frequency band, 1.9GHz frequency band, 2.4GHz frequency band, and/or 5.8GHz frequency band etc.) wireless signal that is operated.In some embodiments, root According to the timeslot scheduling of communication equipment being distributed to by base station come using these spectral slices.
It, can be according to the GPS coordinate provided from communication equipment by means of cellular radio signal to base station at step 2602 To determine the travel rate of communication equipment.If travel rate is more than threshold value (for example, 25 mph.) at step 2604, Then at step 2606, the radio resource that base station can use base station continues to provide wireless service to communication equipment.In another party Face, if communication equipment has the travel rate lower than the threshold value, base station can be configured for further determining described Whether communication equipment can be redirectrf to communication node so that the radio resource of base station can be used for other communication equipments.
For example, it is assumed that base station detects that communication equipment has slow travel rate (for example, 3mph or close to static).? In some cases, base station can also determine that the communication equipment is placed in particular communication node 2404 by the current location of communication equipment Communication range in.It is specific logical that base station can also determine that the slow travel rate of communication equipment will be such that the communication equipment maintains Believe that sufficiently long grace time (another threshold testing that can be used by base station) is in the communication range of node 2404 to prove It is correct that the communication equipment, which is redirectrf to particular communication node 2404,.Once having carried out such determination, base station is just It may be advanced to step 2608 and select the communication node 2404 being located in the communication range of communication equipment so as to the communication Equipment provides communication service.
Therefore, the selection course executed at step 2608 can be based on according to the GPS provided from communication equipment to base station Coordinate and the communications device locations of determination.Selection course is also based on the travel track of communication equipment, and the track can be It is determined according to several examples of the GPS coordinate provided by the communication equipment.In some embodiments, base station can determine The track of communication equipment is placed in the communication equipment for finally adjacent with the communication node selected by step 2608 latter logical In the communication range for believing node 2404.In the present embodiment, base station can inform this track to multiple communication nodes 2404, so that The switching for the communication service that opposite communication equipment provides can be coordinated by obtaining communication node 2404.
Once having selected one or more communication nodes 2404 at step 2608, base station can proceed to step 2610, in this step, base station distributed at first carrier frequency (for example, 1.9GHz) one or more spectral slices (for example, Resource block) to be used by communication equipment.By base station selected first carrier frequency and/or spectral slice need not in base station and The carrier frequency and/or spectral slice used between communication equipment is identical.For example, it is assumed that base station and communication equipment are utilizing Carrier frequency under 1.9GHz carries out wireless communication between each other.At step 2610, base station can be in step 2608 institute The communication node of choosing selects different carrier frequencies (for example, 900MHz), to be communicated with communication equipment.Similarly, base Standing can distribute and (multiple) spectral slice (for example, resource block) for using between base station and communication equipment for communication node And/or different (multiple) spectral slice and/or timeslot scheduling of timeslot scheduling of (multiple) spectral slice.
At step 2612, base station can generate (multiple) frequency spectrum distributed in step 2610 under first carrier frequency (multiple) first modulated signal in segment.(multiple) first modulated signals may include the number for being directed to communication equipment According to the data indicate voice communication session, data communication session or combinations thereof.At step 2614, base station can be by first Under intrinsic carrier frequency (for example, 1.9GHz) (multiple) first modulated signal up-conversion (using frequency mixer, bandpass filter and Other circuit systems) to the second carrier frequency (for example, 80GHz), to be directed to the communication section selected at step 2608 Such signal is transmitted in one or more frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 2506 of point 2404.Alternatively, base station (multiple) first modulated signal under first carrier frequency can be provided to the first communication node 2404A (illustrating in Figure 24 A) So as to up-conversion to the second carrier frequency, in the downlink tone for being directed to the communication node 2404 selected at step 2608 It is transmitted in one or more frequency channels of spectral slice section 2506.
At step 2616, base station can also transmit instruction so that communication equipment is converted to the communication that step 2608 place is selected Node 2404.When communication equipment carries out direct communication using the radio resource of base station and the base station, these instructions can be by It is directed to the communication equipment.Alternatively, these instructions can be by means of the downlink spectrum segment that illustrates in Figure 25 A 2506 control channel 2502 is communicated to the communication node 2404 selected at step 2608 place.Step 2616 can be in step Before 2612-2614, later or simultaneously occur.
Once these instructions are transmitted, base station can proceed to step 2624, and in this step, base station is under First under the second carrier frequency (for example, 80GHz) is transmitted in one or more frequency channels of line link spectral slice 2506 Modulated signal, to be transmitted by the first communication node 2404A (being illustrated in Figure 24 A).Alternatively, in step 2614 Place, the first communication node 2404A can execute up-conversion, so as to (more under the first intrinsic carrier frequency when receiving from base station It is a) the first modulated signal when transmit the second carrier frequency in one or more frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 2506 Under the first modulated signal.First communication node 2404A can serve as principal communication node, for according to step 2610 place to each The downlink spectrum segment 2506 that communication node 2404 distributes is distributed to downlink communication node 2404 by under the generation of base station Downlink signal.It can be by means of the finger that is transmitted in the control channel 2502 that is illustrated in Figure 25 A by the first communication node 2404A It enables, provides the distribution of downlink spectrum segment 2506 to communication node 2404.At step 2624, in downlink tone spectral slice The communication node of (multiple) first modulated signal under the second carrier frequency is received in one or more frequency channels of section 2506 2404 can be configured for: (multiple) first modulated signal by described in downconverts to first carrier frequency, and utilizes use The pilot signal of (multiple) the first modulated signals supply is removed by downlink spectrum segment 2506 in communication node (for example, phase distortion) is distorted caused by the distribution that communications hop between 2404B-D jumps onto.It specifically, can be from for generating Pilot signal is exported in the local oscillator signals of frequency upconversion (for example, via frequency multiplication and/or frequency division).When needs carry out down When frequency conversion, pilot signal can be used to rebuild the frequency of local oscillator signals and phasing version (for example, via frequency multiplication And/or frequency dividing), so that modulated signal is back to its initial protion in frequency band with minimum phase error.By this method, may be used Frequency conversion is carried out with the frequency channels to communication system, to be transmitted via distributing antenna system and then to return To its initial protion in frequency spectrum to be transmitted to wireless client device.
Once completing downconversion process, at step 2622, communication node 2404 can utilize and distribute to communication section The first modulated signal under first intrinsic carrier frequency (for example, 1.9GHz) is transmitted to communication by the same spectral slice of point 2404 Equipment.Can coordinate step 2622 so that its communication equipment according at step 2616 provide instruction be converted to it is logical Believe that node 2404 occurs later.In order to keep this transformation seamless, and in order to avoid interrupting showing between base station and communication equipment There are wireless communication sessions, it is (more that the instruction provided in step 2616 can guide communication equipment and/or communication node 2404 to be converted to It is a) distributed spectral slice and/or timeslot scheduling, between the communication node 2404 selected as communication equipment and step 2608 place A part of enrollment process and/or subsequent.In some instances, such transformation may require communication equipment in short time period It is interior concurrently to be wirelessly communicated with base station and communication node 2404.
Once communication equipment is successfully converted to communication node 2404, communication equipment can terminate the channel radio with base station Letter, and continue communication session by means of communication node 2404.The wireless service terminated between base station and communication equipment makes base The certain radio resources stood can be used for being used together with other communication equipments.Although should be noted that base station aforementioned Wireless connection is entrusted into selected communication node 2404 in step, but the communication session between base station and communication equipment by means of The network of the communication node 2404 illustrated in Figure 24 A continues as before.However, the difference is that, base station no longer needs It is communicated using the radio resource of their own with communication equipment.
In order to provide two-way communication between base station and communication equipment, by means of the network of communication node 2404, Ke Yiming Enable communication node 2404 and/or communication equipment using one or more uplinks frequency in the uplink illustrated in Figure 25 A One or more frequency channels of spectral slice section 2510.At step 2616, it can be mentioned to communication node 2404 and/or communication equipment For uplink instruction, one of the enrollment process between communication node 2404 selected as communication equipment and step 2608 place Divide and/or subsequent.Therefore, when there is communication equipment it to need to be transmitted to the data of base station, the communication equipment can be wireless Ground transmission can be adjusted at step 2624 by received (multiple) second under the first intrinsic carrier frequency of communication node 2404 Signal processed.(multiple) second modulated signals may include providing at step 2616 to communication equipment and/or communication node Instruction in specify one or more uplink spectrum segments 2510 one or more frequency channels in.
In order to which (multiple) second modulated signal is sent to base station, communication node 2404 can be at step 2626 by these Signal is from the first intrinsic carrier frequency (for example, 1.9GHz) up-conversion to the second carrier frequency (for example, 80GHz).On making Row communication node and/or base station can remove distortion, and (multiple) second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency can be in step It is transmitted by communication node 2404 using one or more uplink pilots 2508 at 2628.Once base station is via logical Letter node 2404A receives (multiple) second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency, base station can at step 2630 incite somebody to action These signals downconvert to the first intrinsic carrier frequency from the second carrier frequency to obtain by communication equipment in step 2632 The data of offer.Alternatively, the first communication node 2404A, which can be executed, modulates (multiple) second under the second carrier frequency Signal to the first intrinsic carrier frequency down coversion, and to base station provide caused by signal.Then, base station can be to first (multiple) second modulated signal under intrinsic carrier frequency is handled, if so as to direct to be carried out with base station and communication equipment How base station should handle that the signal from communication equipment is similar in the case where wireless communication or exact same way is retrieved The data provided by communication equipment.
Abovementioned steps method 2600 provides one kind for base station 2402 and makes radio resource (for example, fan antenna, frequency spectrum) The mode for the communication equipment that can be used for fast moving, and in some embodiments, pass through the communication equipment weight that will slowly move It is directed to and is communicatively coupled to one or more communication nodes 2404 of base station 2402 to improve bandwidth availability ratio.For example, it is assumed that A communication node 2404 in ten (10) that there is it can be redirectrf to mobile and/or static communication equipment for base station 2402.Into One step assumes that this 10 communication nodes 2404 have the communication range of substantially non-overlap.
It is further assumed that base station 2402 has left during particular time-slot and has been in certain under special carrier frequency These spectral slices are distributed to this all 10 communication nodes by spectral slice (for example, resource block 5,7 and 9), the base station 2404.During operation, base station 2402 can be configured as be not utilized as communication node 2404 and reserve in the timeslot scheduling phase Between and the resource block 5,7 and 9 under the carrier frequency, to avoid interfering.When base station 2402 detect it is slowly moving or quiet When communication equipment only, can the position based on the communication equipment communication equipment is redirectrf to this 10 communications Different communication node in node 2404.For example, when the communication of particular communication devices is redirectrf to specific lead to by base station 2402 When believing node 2404, base station 2402 can will become during distributed time slot and on the resource block 5,7 and 9 under carrier frequency One or more spectral ranges on frequency to the downlink (participating in Figure 25 A) for distributing to discussed communication node 2404.
The communication node 2404 discussed can also be distributed to it can be used to believe the communication provided by communication equipment Number it is redirectrf to the one or more of one or more uplink spectrum segments 2510 in the uplink of base station 2402 Frequency channels.It can be by communication node 2404 according to distributing in one or more corresponding uplink spectrum segments 2510 Downlink frequency channel carries out this kind of signal of communication up-conversion and being transmitted to base station 2402, to be handled.It can be by Downlink and uplink frequency channel distribution are conveyed by means of discribed control channel in such as Figure 25 A base station 2402 To each communication node 2404.Afore-mentioned downlink and uplink assigning process can be also used for other communication nodes 2404, To provide communication service to other communication equipments for being redirectrf to these other communication nodes by base station 2402.
In this diagram, by this 10 communication nodes 2404 to during corresponding time slot is dispatched and under carrier frequency The bandwidth availability ratio of base station 2402 effectively can be improved up to 10 times by reusing for resource block 5,7 and 9.Although base station 2402 is not It is able to use again to carry out wirelessly for the resource block 5,7 and 9 that this 10 communication nodes 2404 are reserved with other communication equipments Communication, but communication equipment is redirectrf to the ability for reusing 10 different communication nodes 2404 of these resource blocks by it Effectively improve the bandwidth ability of base station 2402.Therefore, in certain embodiments, base station 2402 can be improved in method 2600 Bandwidth availability ratio and the resource of base station 2402 is made to can be used for other communication equipments.
It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, base station 2402 can be configured to selection base station 2402 The direction of antenna system reused point far from the one or more sectors for the communication node 2404 for distributing to same frequency spectrum segment The spectral slice of dispensing communication node 2404.Therefore, base station 2402 can be configured for: in some embodiments, avoid weight With the certain spectral slices for distributing to certain communication nodes 2404；And in other embodiments, pass through selection base station 2402 Other spectral slices of other communication nodes 2404 are distributed to reuse in the particular sector of antenna system.Similar concept can answer The sector as used by communication node 2404 for antenna system 2424.It can be based on by base station 2402 and/or one or more The sector that a communication node 2404 utilizes is come between base station 2402 and one or more of communication nodes 2404 using certain Reuse scheme.
Method 2600, which is also achieved, reuses tradition system when communication equipment is redirectrf to one or more communication nodes System.For example, base station and communication equipment can be carried out wireless communication utilized signaling protocol (for example, LTE) is maintained at base station In the signal of communication exchanged between communication node 2404.Therefore, when spectral slice is distributed to communication node 2404, Carried out between base station and communication node 2404 to the modulated signal in these segments exchange can be base station carry out and communicate The identical signal that the direct wireless communication of equipment should use.Therefore, it can use added distortion and mitigate feature to update Traditional base station is executed in hardware and/or software to execute previously described up-conversion and downconversion process to be used for Just the every other function of handling the modulated signal under the first intrinsic carrier frequency can keep being basically unchanged.It should also be noted that , in a further embodiment, the channel from original frequency band can be converted to another frequency band utilized to same agreement. For example, the LTE channel in 2.5GHz frequency band can be up-converted in 80GHZ frequency band, to be transmitted, and then by under Frequency conversion is at 5.8GHz LTE channel (if spectral diversity needs).
It should further be noted that without departing substantially from this theme scope of disclosure, can to method 2600 into Row adjustment.For example, when base station detect communication equipment have will lead to from the communication range of a communication node to another When the track of transformation, the base station (or the communication node discussed) can be by means of the periodicity that is provided by the communication equipment GPS coordinate monitors this kind of track, and correspondingly switching of the coordinating communication equipment to other communication nodes.It can also be by method 2600 are adjusted such that when communication equipment is near transition point of the communication range from a communication node to another, can Under transmitting instruction by base station (or movable communication node) to guide the communication equipment and/or other communication nodes to utilize Certain spectral slices and/or time slot in Downlink channels and uplink channel successfully change communication, without interrupting Existing communication session.
It should further be noted that can be with method of adjustment 2600, to coordinate in a case where by communication equipment Wireless communication between communication node 2404 switches back to base station: when base station or movable communication node 2404 detect and communicate Equipment will be transitioned into except the communication range of the communication node and in the communication range of the communication equipment in some point There is no when other communication nodes.This theme discloses other adjustment contemplated to method 2600.It should further be noted that When the carrier frequency of downlink spectral slice or uplink spectrum segment is lower than the intrinsic frequency band of modulated signal, will need Carry out the inverse process of frequency conversion.That is, the modulation when transmission in downlink spectrum segment or uplink spectrum segment When signal, by frequency of use down coversion rather than up-conversion.And when extraction downlink spectrum segment or uplink spectrum When modulated signal in segment, by frequency of use up-conversion rather than down coversion.Can further method of adjustment 2600, to make The processing to the numerical data in control channel is synchronized with above-mentioned clock signal.Can with method of adjustment 2600, with Just the reference signal modulated or the clock modulated by the instruction in control channel is used by the instruction in control channel to believe Number.
Further method of adjustment 2600 to avoid the movement of tracking communication equipment but multiple communications can be guided instead Node 2404 transmits the modulated signal (under its intrinsic frequency) of particular communication devices, without knowing which communication node is in In the communication range of the particular communication devices.Similarly, each communication node can be ordered to connect from the particular communication devices Modulated signal is received, and transmits such signal in certain frequency channels of one or more uplink spectrum segments 2510, Without knowing which communication node will receive modulated signal from the particular communication devices.This embodiment can help Reduce the implementation complexity and cost of communication node 2404.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 A Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 B, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2635 is shown.Method 2635 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2636 includes by comprising circuit system The system of system receives the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice for being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described One modulated signal follows signaling protocol.Step 2637 include by the system based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal and It does not modify and the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is converted into first in the case where the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under carrier frequency, wherein the first carrier frequency is except first spectral slice.Step 2638 Including reference signal is transmitted to distributing antenna system together with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency by the system Network element, the reference signal enable the network element reduce when by under first carrier frequency first modulation believe Number be re-converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice so as in the first spectral slice by the first modulated signal without Distribute to line phase error when mobile communication equipment.
In various embodiments, signal processing does not need analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analogue conversion.It is described transmission may include by The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is transmitted to network element as free space radio signal.The first carrier frequency Rate can be located in millimeter wave frequency band.
First modulated signal can generate in the following manner: according to signaling protocol in multiple frequency channels Signal is modulated to generate the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.The signaling protocol may include long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocols or the 5th generation cellular communication protocol.
It may include: that the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is up-converted to by the conversion that the system carries out The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, or the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is down-converted into first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency.It may include: by the first modulation under first carrier frequency by the conversion that network element carries out Signal down-converts to the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, or will be in the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.
The method may further include: receiving second under the second carrier frequency from network element by the system and adjusts Signal processed, wherein mobile communication equipment generates the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and wherein, and network element will The second modulated signal in second spectral slice is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and transmits the second carrier wave The second modulated signal under frequency.The method may further include: by the system by second under the second carrier frequency Modulated signal is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice；And by the system by the second spectral slice Two modulated signals are sent to base station to be handled.
Second spectral slice can be different from first spectral slice, and wherein, the first carrier frequency It can be different from second carrier frequency.The system can be installed to the first electric pole, and the network element can be with It installs to the second electric pole.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 B Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 C, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2640 is shown.Method 2635 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2641 includes by spaced antenna The network element of system receives the first modulated signal under reference signal and first carrier frequency, first modulated signal package Include the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment.Step 2642 includes by the network element base The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into the first spectral slice in the signal processing to the first modulated signal In the first modulated signal, and reduce using reference signal the distortion of the transition period.Step 2643 includes by described The first modulated signal under first spectral slice is wirelessly transmitted to mobile communication equipment by network element.
In various embodiments, the first modulated signal follows signaling protocol, and signal processing is not modifying the first modulation Be converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice in the case where the signaling protocol of signal under first carrier frequency One modulated signal.It may include: the case where not modifying the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal by the conversion that network element carries out Under, the first modulated signal for the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency being converted into the first spectral slice.The method It may further include: receiving the second modulation generated by mobile communication equipment in the second spectral slice by the network element Signal；The second modulated signal in the second spectral slice is converted under the second carrier frequency by the network element second is adjusted Signal processed；And the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency is transmitted to distributing antenna system by the network element Other network elements.Other network elements of distributing antenna system can receive the second modulation letter under the second carrier frequency Number, the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and by The second modulated signal in two spectral slices is supplied to base station to be handled.Second spectral slice can be different from institute The first spectral slice is stated, and the first carrier frequency can be different from second carrier frequency.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 C Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 D, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2645 is shown.Method 2645 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2646 includes by comprising circuit system The system of system receives the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice for being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described One modulated signal follows signaling protocol.Step 2647 include by the system based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal and It does not modify and the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is converted into first in the case where the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under carrier frequency, wherein the first carrier frequency is except first spectral slice.Step 2648 Including transmitting the instruction in control channel by the system, to guide the network element of distributing antenna system by first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.Step 2649 includes by the system Reference signal is transmitted to the network element of distributing antenna system together with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency, it is described Reference signal enables the network element to reduce when the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is re-converted into the The first modulated signal in one spectral slice is wirelessly to distribute to movement for the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice Phase error when communication equipment, wherein the reference signal is transmitted with the out-of-band frequency relative to the control channel.
In various embodiments, control channel with the frequency adjacent with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency and/ Or it is transmitted with the frequency adjacent with reference signal.The first carrier frequency can be located in millimeter wave frequency band.Described first Modulated signal can generate in the following manner: be modulated next life to the signal in multiple frequency channels according to signaling protocol At the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.The signaling protocol may include long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocols or Five generation cellular communication protocols.
It may include: that the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is up-converted to by the conversion that the system carries out The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, or the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is down-converted into first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency.It may include: by the first modulation under first carrier frequency by the conversion that network element carries out Signal down-converts to the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, or will be in the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.
The method may further include: receiving second under the second carrier frequency from network element by the system and adjusts Signal processed, wherein mobile communication equipment generates the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and wherein, and network element will The second modulated signal in second spectral slice is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and transmits the second carrier wave The second modulated signal under frequency.The method may further include: by the system by second under the second carrier frequency Modulated signal is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice；And by the system by the second spectral slice Two modulated signals are sent to base station to be handled.
Second spectral slice can be different from first spectral slice, and wherein, the first carrier frequency It can be different from second carrier frequency.The system can be installed to the first electric pole, and the network element can be with It installs to the second electric pole.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 D Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 E, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2650 is shown.Method 2650 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2651 includes by spaced antenna The network element of system receives the first modulated signal under reference signal, control channel and first carrier frequency, and described first Modulated signal includes the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein the control channel In instruction guide distributing antenna system network element the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into first The first modulated signal in spectral slice, wherein the reference signal is connect with the out-of-band frequency relative to the control channel It receives.Step 2652 includes carrying by the network element according to instruction and based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal by first The first modulated signal under wave frequency rate is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, and is subtracted using reference signal The distortion of the small transition period.Step 2653 includes by the network element by the first modulated signal under the first spectral slice It is wirelessly transmitted to mobile communication equipment.
In various embodiments, control channel can with adjacent with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency and/or The frequency adjacent with reference signal is received.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 E Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 F, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2655 is shown.Method 2655 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2656 includes by comprising circuit system The system of system receives the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice for being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described One modulated signal follows signaling protocol.Step 2657 include by the system based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal and It does not modify and the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is converted into first in the case where the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under carrier frequency, wherein the first carrier frequency is except first spectral slice.Step 2658 Including transmitting the instruction in control channel by the system, to guide the network element of distributing antenna system by first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.Step 2659 includes by the system Reference signal is transmitted to the network element of distributing antenna system together with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency, it is described Reference signal enables the network element to reduce when the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is re-converted into the The first modulated signal in one spectral slice is wirelessly to distribute to movement for the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice Phase error when communication equipment, wherein the reference signal is transmitted with the in-band frequency relative to the control channel.
In various embodiments, described instruction is transmitted via the modulation to reference signal.Described instruction can be made It is transmitted for numerical data via the amplitude modulation to reference signal.The first carrier frequency can be located at millimeter wave frequency band In.First modulated signal can generate in the following manner: according to signaling protocol to the signal in multiple frequency channels It is modulated to generate the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.The signaling protocol may include long term evolution (LTE) Wireless protocols or the 5th generation cellular communication protocol.
It may include: that the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is up-converted to by the conversion that the system carries out The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, or the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is down-converted into first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency.It may include: by the first modulation under first carrier frequency by the conversion that network element carries out Signal down-converts to the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, or will be in the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.
The method may further include: receiving second under the second carrier frequency from network element by the system and adjusts Signal processed, wherein mobile communication equipment generates the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and wherein, and network element will The second modulated signal in second spectral slice is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and transmits the second carrier wave The second modulated signal under frequency.The method may further include: by the system by second under the second carrier frequency Modulated signal is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice；And by the system by the second spectral slice Two modulated signals are sent to base station to be handled.
Second spectral slice can be different from first spectral slice, and wherein, the first carrier frequency It can be different from second carrier frequency.The system can be installed to the first electric pole, and the network element can be with It installs to the second electric pole.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 F Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 G, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2660 is shown.Method 2660 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2661 includes by spaced antenna The network element of system receives the first modulated signal under reference signal, control channel and first carrier frequency, and described first Modulated signal includes the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein the control channel In instruction guide distributing antenna system network element the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into first The first modulated signal in spectral slice, and wherein, the reference signal is with the in-band frequency relative to the control channel It is received.Step 2662 includes according to instruction and based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal by the network element come by the The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, and utilizes reference signal To reduce the distortion of the transition period.Step 2663 includes being modulated first under the first spectral slice by the network element Signal is wirelessly transmitted to mobile communication equipment.
In various embodiments, described instruction is via the demodulation to reference signal and/or as numerical data via right The amplitude demodulation of reference signal comes received.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 G Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 H, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2665 is shown.Method 2665 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2666 includes by comprising circuit system The system of system receives the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice for being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described One modulated signal follows signaling protocol.Step 2667 include by the system based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal and It does not modify and the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is converted into first in the case where the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under carrier frequency, wherein the first carrier frequency is except first spectral slice.Step 2668 Including transmitting the instruction in control channel by the system, to guide the network element of distributing antenna system by first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.Step 2669 includes by the system Clock signal is transmitted to the network element of distributing antenna system together with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency, In, network element described in the clock signal synchronization in order to from the control channel restore instruction and carry out digital control letter The timing of road processing.
In various embodiments, the method further includes by the system by reference signal together with first carrier frequency Under the first modulated signal be transmitted to the network element of distributing antenna system, the reference signal enables the network element It is enough to reduce when the first modulated signal being re-converted into the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency in the first spectral slice So as to the first modulated signal is wirelessly distributed in the first spectral slice mobile communication equipment when phase error.It is described Instruction can be used as numerical data via control channel to transmit.
In various embodiments, the first carrier frequency can be located in millimeter wave frequency band.First modulated signal It can generate: the signal in multiple frequency channels is modulated according to signaling protocol to generate the first frequency in the following manner The first modulated signal in spectral slice section.The signaling protocol may include long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocols or the 5th generation honeycomb Communication protocol.
It may include: that the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is up-converted to by the conversion that the system carries out The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, or the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is down-converted into first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency.It may include: by the first modulation under first carrier frequency by the conversion that network element carries out Signal down-converts to the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, or will be in the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.
The method may further include: receiving second under the second carrier frequency from network element by the system and adjusts Signal processed, wherein mobile communication equipment generates the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and wherein, and network element will The second modulated signal in second spectral slice is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and transmits the second carrier wave The second modulated signal under frequency.The method may further include: by the system by second under the second carrier frequency Modulated signal is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice；And by the system by the second spectral slice Two modulated signals are sent to base station to be handled.
Second spectral slice can be different from first spectral slice, and wherein, the first carrier frequency It can be different from second carrier frequency.The system can be installed to the first electric pole, and the network element can be with It installs to the second electric pole.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 H Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 I, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2670 is shown.Method 2670 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2671 includes by spaced antenna The network element of system receives the first modulated signal under clock signal, control channel and first carrier frequency, and described first Modulated signal includes the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein the clock signal The timing of the synchronous digital control channel processing carried out by the network element in order to restore instruction from the control channel, Wherein, the instruction in the control channel guides the network element of distributing antenna system to adjust first under first carrier frequency Signal processed is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.Step 2672 include by the network element according to instruction simultaneously The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into the first frequency spectrum piece based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal The first modulated signal in section.Step 2673 include by the network element by the first modulated signal under the first spectral slice without It is transmitted to mobile communication equipment to line.In various embodiments, described instruction is to connect as numerical data via control channel It receives.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 I Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 J, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2675 is shown.Method 2675 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2676 includes by comprising circuit system The system of system receives the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice for being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described One modulated signal follows signaling protocol.Step 2677 include by the system based on the signal processing to the first modulated signal and It does not modify and the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is converted into first in the case where the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under carrier frequency, wherein the first carrier frequency is except first spectral slice.Step 2678 Including transmitting the instruction in ultra wide band control channel by the system, to guide the network element of distributing antenna system by The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.Step 2659 includes by institute State the network element that reference signal is transmitted to distributing antenna system by system together with the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Part, the reference signal, which enables the network element to reduce, to turn the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency again The first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is changed into wirelessly to distribute the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice Phase error when to mobile communication equipment.
In various embodiments, wherein first reference signal is in the band relative to the ultra wide band control channel Frequency is transmitted.The method may further include the network via the ultra wide band control channel from distributing antenna system Element receive include the following contents control channel data: indicate described in the status information of the network state of network element, instruction The network equipment information of the facility information of network element indicates the environment measurement close to the environmental aspect of the network element. Described instruction may further include channel spacing, protection band parameter, uplink/downlink distribution or uplink letter Road selection.
First modulated signal can generate in the following manner: according to signaling protocol in multiple frequency channels Signal is modulated to generate the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.The signaling protocol may include long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocols or the 5th generation cellular communication protocol.
It may include: that the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is up-converted to by the conversion that the system carries out The first modulated signal under one carrier frequency, or the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice is down-converted into first carrier The first modulated signal under frequency.It may include: by the first modulation under first carrier frequency by the conversion that network element carries out Signal down-converts to the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice, or will be in the first modulated signal under first carrier frequency Frequency conversion is the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice.
The method may further include: receiving second under the second carrier frequency from network element by the system and adjusts Signal processed, wherein mobile communication equipment generates the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice, and wherein, and network element will The second modulated signal in second spectral slice is converted into the second modulated signal under the second carrier frequency and transmits the second carrier wave The second modulated signal under frequency.The method may further include: by the system by second under the second carrier frequency Modulated signal is converted into the second modulated signal in the second spectral slice；And by the system by the second spectral slice Two modulated signals are sent to base station to be handled.
Second spectral slice can be different from first spectral slice, and wherein, the first carrier frequency It can be different from second carrier frequency.The system can be installed to the first electric pole, and the network element can be with It installs to the second electric pole.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 J Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
Turning now to Figure 26 K, the flow chart of the example, non-limiting embodiment of method 2680 is shown.Method 2680 can be with It is used together with the one or more functions presented in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 25 with feature.Step 2681 includes by spaced antenna The network element of system receives the first modulated signal under reference signal, ultra wide band control channel and first carrier frequency, institute Stating the first modulated signal includes the first communication data for being provided by base station and being directed to mobile communication equipment, wherein described super Instruction in the control channel of broadband guides the network element of distributing antenna system to believe the first modulation under first carrier frequency The first modulated signal number being converted into the first spectral slice, and wherein, the reference signal relative to the control to believe The in-band frequency in road is received.Step 2682 includes by the network element according to instruction and based on the letter to the first modulated signal The first modulated signal under first carrier frequency is converted into the first modulated signal in the first spectral slice by number processing, and Reduce the distortion of the transition period using reference signal.Step 2683 includes by the network element by the first spectral slice Under the first modulated signal be wirelessly transmitted to mobile communication equipment.
In various embodiments, wherein first reference signal is in the band relative to the ultra wide band control channel Frequency is received.The method may further include the network via the ultra wide band control channel from distributing antenna system Element transmission includes the control channel data of the following contents: being indicated described in the status information of the network state of network element, instruction The network equipment information of the facility information of network element indicates the environment measurement close to the environmental aspect of the network element. Described instruction may further include channel spacing, protection band parameter, uplink/downlink distribution or uplink letter Road selection.
Although purpose to simplify the explanation, the corresponding process is shown and described as a series of sides in Figure 26 K Frame it should be appreciated that and recognize, theme claimed is not limited by the sequence of box, because some boxes can be with Other boxes from different sequences depicted and described herein to occur and/or occur simultaneously.Furthermore, it is possible to not need institute There is the box of diagram to implement approach described herein.
In this specification, such as " repository (store) ", " storage device (storage) ", " data store (data Store) ", " data storage device (data storage) ", " database (database) " term and it is substantially any its He refers to " memory member " by information storage part relevant to the operations and functions of component, or be embodied in " memory " or Entity in component including the memory.It is to be appreciated that memory member described herein can be it is volatile Property memory either nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and nonvolatile memory, make To be illustrative and not limiting, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, disc memory device and memory storage apparatus.In addition, non- Volatile memory may include can in read-only memory (ROM), programming ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electricity It wipes in ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory.Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM), it serves as external height Fast buffer memory.As illustrative and not limiting, RAM is available in many forms, such as synchronous random access memory (SRAM), dynamic ram (DRAM), synchronous dram (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous chain Road DRAM (SLDRAM) and direct high frequency dynamic ram (DRRAM).In addition, the memory portion of system disclosed herein or method Part is intended to memory including but not limited to including these and any other suitable type.
Moreover, it should be noted that disclosed theme can use other computer system configurations to practice, including list Processor or multiprocessor computer system, microcomputer, mainframe computer and personal computer, hand-held calculate Equipment (for example, PDA, phone, smart phone, wrist-watch, tablet computer, netbook computer, etc.), based on microprocessor Or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, etc..Illustrated various aspects can also be real in a distributed computing environment It tramples, wherein task is executed by the remote processing devices being linked through a communication network；But even if all aspects of this disclosure are not complete Portion also at least some can practice on stand-alone computers.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be located at this In ground and remote memory storage device the two.
Certain embodiments described herein can also be convenient for making using artificial intelligence (AI) one described herein or Multiple feature automations.For example, candidate frequency can be assessed and selected using artificial intelligence in optional Training Control device 230 Rate, modulation scheme, MIMO mode and/or guided wave mode, to maximize transfer efficiency.Embodiment is (for example, with being added to now Have and provide that maximize value/interests cell site related after communication network acquired in automatic identification) it can be using each The scheme based on AI is planted to execute its each embodiment.Moreover, classifier can be used to determine acquired each of network The ranking or priority of cell site.Classifier is will to input attribute vector x=(x1, x2, x3, x4 ... ..., xn) to be mapped to institute State the function that input belongs to the confidence level (confidence) of a kind of (class), i.e. f (x)=confidence (class).This Kind of classification can using predicting based on probability and/or based on the analysis (for example, resolving into analysis utilities and cost) of statistics or Infer that user it is expected the movement being performed automatically.Support vector machines (SVM) is can be with the example of adopted classifier.SVM is logical Cross find out may the hypersurface in the space of input operate, wherein hypersurface attempts to separate trigger criteria and non-trigger events. Intuitively, this to classify for close to training data but the test data not exactly the same with training data is correct.Its His oriented and undirected category of model method includes such as naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, decision tree, neural network, obscures and patrol It collects model and the probabilistic classification models for the Bu Tong independent sexual norm that may be utilized is provided.As used herein classification further include by with To develop the statistical regression of models of priority.
As will readily appreciate that, one or more embodiments can be trained using by explicit (for example, via general instruction Practice data) and implicit point for training (for example, via observation UE behavior, network operator's preference, historical information, receiving external information) Class device.For example, SVM can via in classifier constructor and feature selection module study or the training stage configure.Therefore, (one or more) classifier can be used to learn and execute multiple functions automatically, including but not limited to true according to preassigned In fixed acquired cell site which which is beneficial in the subscriber and/or acquired cell site of maximum quantity will be to Existing communication network covering addition minimum value, etc..
As in this application it is some up and down it is as used herein, in some embodiments, term " component ", " system " etc. It is intended to refer to or includes to computer-related entity or relevant with having one or more operating devices of concrete function Entity, wherein entity can be hardware, the combination of hardware and software, software or software in execution.As an example, component can It can be held with being but not limited to the process run on a processor, processor, object, executable program, execution thread, computer Capable instruction, program and/or computer.As illustrative and not limiting, the application and the server run on the server is ok It is component.One or more components may reside in the process and/or thread of execution, and component can be in a computer It is upper to localize and/or be distributed between two or more computers.In addition, these components can be from being stored thereon with various numbers It is executed according to the various computer-readable mediums of structure.These components can be communicated via locally and/or remotely process, such as root According to have one or more data groupings (for example, from via signal in local system, distributed system and/or across all As internet network and other systems in another component interaction a component data) signal.As another Example, component can be the dress of the concrete function provided with the machine components operated by circuit system or electronic circuit system It sets, circuit system or the electronic circuit system software as performed by processor or firmware application operate, and wherein processor can be At least part that is internal or external and executing software or firmware application of device.As also another example, component can To be to provide the device of concrete function by the electronic component of not machine components, the electronic component can include place wherein Device is managed, to execute the software or firmware of at least partly giving electronic component function.Although various parts are illustrated as individual portion Part, it will be appreciated that, without departing substantially from example embodiment, multiple components may be implemented as single portion Part or single component may be implemented as multiple components.
In addition, each embodiment can use the programming of standard and/or engineering technology is implemented as method, apparatus or system Product control computer-implemented disclosed theme to generate software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof.As used herein , term " product " is to cover the meter that can be accessed from any computer readable device or computer-readable storage/communication media Calculation machine program.For example, computer readable storage medium can include but is not limited to magnetic storage apparatus (for example, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic Item), CD (for example, compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD)), smart card and flash memory device be (for example, card, stick, key Driver).It certainly, can it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that without departing substantially from the range or spirit of each embodiment To make many modifications to this configuration.
In addition, word " example " and " exemplary " be used to mean to serve as example or explanation herein.It is described herein For " example " or " exemplary " any embodiment or design be not necessarily to be construed as advantageous over or surpass other embodiments or Design.On the contrary, word sample or illustrative use are intended to that concept is presented in a concrete fashion.As used in this application , term " or (or) " is intended to mean that open "or" rather than exclusive "or".That is, unless otherwise specified or from upper Hereafter it will be apparent that otherwise " X uses A or B " is intended to refer to any natural inclusive arrangement.That is, if X uses A；X uses B； Or X uses A and B both, then all meets in " X uses A or B " how upper situation in office.In addition, such as in the application and appended power Used in sharp claim, be apparent from unless otherwise specified or from context be for singular, otherwise " one (a) " and " one (an) " should generally be interpreted to refer to " one or more ".
Moreover, such as " user equipment ", " movement station ", cellular phone, " subscriber station ", " access terminal ", " terminal ", " hand-held set ", " mobile device " (and/or the term for indicating similar terms) can refer to by the subscriber or user of radio communication service It is set for receiving or transmitting data, control, voice, video, sound, game or substantially any data flow or the wireless of signaling flow It is standby.Preceding terms are used interchangeably in this paper and referring to relevant attached drawing.
In addition, term " user ", " subscriber ", " client ", " consumer " etc. can throughout be used by exchanging, unless up and down Text guarantees the specific differentiation between these terms.It is to be appreciated that this term can refer to human entity or pass through people The automation component that work intelligence (for example, ability that inference is at least made based on complicated mathematic(al) formalism) is supported, it is described from Dynamicization component can provide analog vision, voice recognition etc..
Such as employed herein, term " processor " can refer to substantially any calculation processing unit or equipment, including But it is not limited to include single core processor；Uniprocessor with software multithread executive capability；Multi-core processor；It is more with software The multi-core processor of thread executive capability；Multi-core processor with hardware multithread technology；Parallel tables；And there is distribution The parallel tables of formula shared memory.In addition, processor can refer to be designed to execute function described herein integrated circuit, Specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), Programmable logical controller Device (PLC), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or its any group It closes.Processor can use nanoscale architectural framework, transistor such as, but not limited to based on molecule and quantum dot, switch and Door, to optimize the use in space or the performance of enhancing user equipment.Processor can also be implemented as calculation processing unit Combination.
As it is used herein, such as " data storage device (data storage) ", " data storage device (data Storage) ", the term of " database (database) " and substantially any other are relevant to the operations and functions of component The entity that information storage part all refers to " memory member " or embodies in " memory " or component including memory.It answers When it is appreciated that memory member described herein or computer readable storage medium can be volatile memory or non- Volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
Described above only includes the example of each embodiment.It is, of course, not possible in order to describe these embodiments and The combination that each of component or method are contemplated that, but those skilled in the art will realize that the embodiment presented are described Many further combinations and permutations be all possible.Therefore, disclosed and/or claimed herein embodiment is to contain Cover all such changes belonged within spirit and scope of the claims, modifications and variations.In addition, with regard to term " including (includes) " for the range used in specific descriptions or claim, this term is will be to be similar to term " packet Include (comprising) " mode as inclusive, just as when " including (comprising) " is in the claims as turning As being explained when variable is used.
In addition, flow chart may include " beginning " and/or " continuation " instruction." beginning " and " continuation " instruction, which reflects, is in Existing step can be optionally incorporated into other routines or otherwise with other routines and be used together.In this context Under, " beginning " indicates the beginning of the presented first step and front can have other not specifically illustrated activities.Further, The step of " continuation " instruction reflection is presented can be performed a plurality of times and/or can have below other not specifically illustrated activities.Separately Outside, although flow chart instruction step particular sorted, other sequence be also it is possible, as long as causal principle is protected It holds.
As also can be used herein, (one or more) term " being operably coupled to ", " being coupled to " and/or " coupling Close " it include INDIRECT COUPLING between direct-coupling and/or item between item via one or more middle entries.These and it is intermediate Item includes but is not limited to contact, communication path, component, circuit element, circuit, functional block and/or equipment.As INDIRECT COUPLING Example, the signal for being transmitted to Section 2 from first item can be by the shape by information in one or more middle entries modification signal Formula, property or format and modified, and in signal one or more elements of information still with can by Section 2 identify side Formula transmission.In another example of INDIRECT COUPLING, due to the movement and/or reaction in one or more middle entries, first item In movement can cause the reaction in Section 2.
Although having illustrated and having described specific embodiment herein, but it would be recognized that realizing same or similar Any arrangement of purpose can replace the embodiment that this theme disclosure is described or shows.This subject disclosure is intended to cover Any and all adaptation or variant of each embodiment.The combination of above embodiments can be used in this theme disclosure And other embodiments not specifically disclosed herein.For example, the one or more features from one or more embodiments can It is combined with the one or more features with one or more other embodiments.In one or more embodiments, actively draw Feature can also be quoted and from needing or do not need the reality replaced by another structure and/or functional character with being denied It applies in example and excludes.Step or function described in the embodiment about this theme disclosure can be executed in any order. Step described in embodiment about this theme disclosure or function can be individually performed or with this theme disclosure Other steps or function and from other embodiments or other step groups not yet described in this theme disclosure Ground is closed to execute.Further, it can also utilize described in embodiment more or less than whole features.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of host node equipment, comprising:
At least one access point repeater of distributing antenna system, described access point repeater are configured for via described point The first antenna of cloth antenna system is carried out wireless communication with the first multiple client equipment；
Terminal interface, the terminal interface are configured for receiving the first channel signal from communication network；And
Channel duplexer, the channel duplexer are configured for conveying described first at least one described access point repeater Channel signal；
Wherein, at least one described access point repeater is based on reference signal and first channel signal is transformed into the distribution The frequency spectrum of formula antenna system, and by first channel signal in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system and described Reference signal transmission to the distributing antenna system at least one client node device.
2. host node equipment as described in claim 1, wherein it includes instruction that at least one described access point repeater, which generates, Control channel, described instruction is used to make at least one described client node device of the distributing antenna system will be described Selected first channel signal in first channel signal is converted into spectral slice from the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system In the first channel signal, so as to via the second antenna of the distributing antenna system and the second multiple client equipment progress Free space radio communication, and wherein, at least one described access point repeater is described in the distributing antenna system The control channel is transmitted at least one described client node device in frequency spectrum.
3. host node equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reference signal is with the band relative to the control channel Outer frequency is transmitted.
4. host node equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reference signal is with the band relative to the control channel Interior frequency is transmitted.
5. host node equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control channel is transmitted via ultra wide band signaling.
6. host node equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one described access point repeater further will be described At least one visitor described in clock signal transmission to the distributing antenna system in the frequency spectrum of distributing antenna system Family end node devices, wherein the clock signal synchronization is by least one described client node device by the distribution The Digital Signal Processing that first channel signal in the frequency spectrum of antenna system carries out when converting to the spectral slice.
7. host node equipment as described in claim 1, wherein at least one described access point repeater is from the distribution Antenna system reception second channel signal；
Wherein, the channel duplexer is further configured for conveying the second channel signal to the terminal interface；And And
Wherein, the terminal interface is further configured for sending the second channel signal to the communication network.
8. host node equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein radio is via the second antenna from least one described client End node devices receive third channel signal；
Wherein, the channel duplexer is further configured for conveying the third channel signal to the terminal interface；And And
Wherein, the terminal interface is further configured for sending the third channel signal to the communication network.
9. host node equipment as described in claim 1, wherein according to cable of cable TV system data interface specification (DOCSIS) agreement is formatted at least part of first channel signal.
10. host node equipment as described in claim 1, wherein according to the 5th generation (5G) mobile wireless agreement to described At least part of one channel signal is formatted.
11. a kind of method, comprising:
The first channel signal from communication network received spectrum segment；
First channel is wirelessly conveyed to believe via the first antenna and the first multiple client equipment of distributing antenna system Number；
First channel signal is converted from the spectral slice to the frequency of the distributing antenna system based on reference signal Spectrum；And
By in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system first channel signal and the reference signal transmission to institute State at least one client node device of distributing antenna system, wherein the reference signal is reduced by described at least one First channel signal is transformed into institute from the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system by a client node device again State phase error when spectral slice.
12. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises:
Generating includes the control channel instructed, and described instruction is used to make at least one described client of the distributing antenna system End node devices are by the first channel signal selected by first channel signal from the frequency of the distributing antenna system The first channel signal for being converted into spectral slice is composed, so as to via more than the second antenna of the distributing antenna system and second A client device carries out free space radio communication；And
The control channel is transmitted at least one described client's end segment in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system Point device.
13. method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the reference signal is with the out-of-band frequency relative to the control channel It is transmitted.
14. method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the reference signal is with the in-band frequency relative to the control channel It is transmitted.
15. method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the control channel is transmitted via ultra wide band signaling.
16. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises:
It will be described in the clock signal transmission to the distributing antenna system in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system At least one client node device, wherein the clock signal synchronization is being incited somebody to action by least one described client node device The number that first channel signal in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system carries out when converting to the spectral slice Word signal processing.
17. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises:
Second channel signal is received from the distributing antenna system；And
The second channel signal is sent to the communication network.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, further comprises:
Third channel signal is wirelesslyd receive from least one described client node device via the first antenna；And
The third channel signal is sent to the communication network.
19. a kind of host node equipment, comprising:
Terminal interface, the terminal interface are configured for receiving the first channel letter in the first spectral slice from communication network Number, and the second channel signal in the second spectral slice is sent to the communication network；
At least one access point repeater, described access point repeater are configured for the first reference signal for described first Channel signal is converted from first spectral slice to the frequency spectrum of distributing antenna system, by the institute of the distributing antenna system First channel signal in frequency spectrum and first reference signal transmission are stated at least the one of the distributing antenna system A client node device receives the first son of the second channel signal in the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system Collection and the second reference signal, and based on second reference signal by first subset of the second channel signal from The frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system is transformed into second spectral slice；And
Radio, the radio are configured for first channel signal in first spectral slice via antenna Subset be wirelessly transmitted at least one described client node device, and via the antenna from it is described at least one visitor Family end node devices wirelessly receive the second subset of the second channel signal in second spectral slice.
20. host node equipment as claimed in claim 19, wherein second reference signal reduces the second channel Phase when first subset of signal is transformed into second spectral slice from the frequency spectrum of the distributing antenna system Position error.
CN201780035977.9A 2016-06-10 2017-06-07 Host node equipment and the method being used therewith Pending CN109314566A (en)

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US15/179,440 US10103801B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2016-06-10 Host node device and methods for use therewith
PCT/US2017/036355 WO2017214273A1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-06-07 Host node device and methods for use therewith

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