CN109301198B - Nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VUFYPLUHTVSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)nickel Chemical compound O[Ni]=O VUFYPLUHTVSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: vertically growing a nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) nanosheet array on a nickel foil substrate by using a chemical water bath deposition method; further depositing zinc oxide on the hydroxyl nickel oxide nanosheet array by using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method; and (3) reducing the hydroxyl nickel oxide in the obtained composite material into metallic nickel by using hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and finally preparing the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material. When the material is used for a lithium ion battery cathode, the material has excellent electrochemical performance due to the composite effect between the nickel nanosheet array and the zinc oxide, and compared with the conventional zinc oxide cathode material, the reversible capacity, the first coulombic efficiency, the cycling stability and the high-rate performance of the material are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, in particular to a nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous exhaustion of fossil energy and the increasing severity of environmental pollution, the active development of new energy and the construction of low-carbon society have become strategic issues of major concern in all countries in the world. As a high-energy green secondary battery, a lithium ion battery has remarkable characteristics of high voltage, high capacity, high power, and long life, and has been commercially used on a large scale. In recent years, with the development of technology, new requirements are put on the energy density of lithium ion batteries, and the existing commercial graphite negative electrode materials are mature, the capacity of the graphite negative electrode materials is almost exerted to the limit, and the requirements are difficult to meet. Therefore, development of a novel, inexpensive, high-capacity lithium ion battery negative electrode material is urgently required.
In the lithium ion battery cathode material, zinc oxide is a high-capacity material, and the theoretical capacity of the zinc oxide is 988 mAh/g, which is much higher than that of a graphite material. It has the advantages of stable chemical property, easy preparation, low cost, etc. However, its low first coulombic efficiency, poor cycle stability and conductivity limits its practical application. Therefore, how to overcome these disadvantages is a key scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently when the lithium ion battery cathode material is applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
A nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) vertically growing a hydroxyl nickel oxide nanosheet array on a nickel foil substrate by adopting a chemical water bath deposition method;
(2) further depositing zinc oxide on the nickel oxyhydroxide array obtained in the step (1) by adopting a video magnetron sputtering method to obtain a nickel oxyhydroxide nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite material;
(3) and (3) reducing the hydroxyl nickel oxide in the composite material obtained in the step (2) into metallic nickel by using hydrogen-argon mixed gas by adopting a reduction method, and finally obtaining the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material.
In the step (1), chemical water is usedThe method comprises the following steps of (1) vertically growing a hydroxyl nickel oxide nanosheet array on a nickel foil substrate by a bath deposition method, wherein the specific conditions are as follows: the reaction solution is a mixed solution of nickel sulfate and potassium persulfate, the concentration of nickel sulfate is 0.2-0.6 mol/L, the concentration of potassium persulfate is 0.05-0.1 mol/L, the size of the nickel foil substrate is (1 cm multiplied by 1 cm) ~ (5 cm multiplied by 5 cm), 5-15 mL of concentrated ammonia water is added to trigger the deposition reaction, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 10-40oAnd C, the reaction time is 0.5-3 h.
In the step (2), depositing zinc oxide on the vertical hydroxyl nickel oxide nanosheet array obtained in the step (1) by using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method, wherein the specific conditions are as follows: the target is zinc oxide ceramic, the distance between the sample table and the target is 15-25 cm, the working gas is high-purity argon, the pressure is 5-10 mTorr, the sputtering power is 50-100W, and the sputtering time is 2-12 hours.
In the step (3), a reduction method is adopted, hydrogen-argon mixed gas is used as a reduction atmosphere, nickel oxyhydroxide in the composite material obtained in the step (2) is reduced into metallic nickel, and finally the nickel nanosheet array zinc oxide-loaded composite electrode material is prepared, wherein the specific conditions are as follows: the hydrogen-argon mixed gas contains 5-10% of hydrogen by volume and the reduction temperature is 300-500%oAnd C, the reduction reaction time is 1-3 h.
In the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material, the array height is 0.5-3 mu m, and the surface density of nickel is 0.05-0.4 mg/cm2The surface density of the zinc oxide is 0.2-1.2 mg/cm2。
In the composite electrode material, the nickel nanosheet array and the zinc oxide active material have obvious composite effect, and the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode material can be obviously enhanced. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of the following performances:
firstly, the nano nickel component in the electrode can generate reversible electrochemical conversion reaction with lithium oxide generated after zinc oxide is discharged for the first time (Ni + Li)2O ↔ NiO + 2Li), the utilization rate of the electrode material is sufficiently improved, and the first coulomb efficiency and the reversible capacity of the electrode are improved. The first coulombic efficiency of the composite electrode material under the multiplying power of 0.1C is 75-85%, and the first reversible capacity is 850-950 mAh/g.
And secondly, the zinc oxide component with electrochemical activity is uniformly filled into the pores in the nickel nanosheet array, the pores are uniformly compounded, and the nickel nanosheet array serves as a three-dimensional buffer network and a conductive network in the zinc oxide layer, so that the structural stability of the electrode is enhanced, the conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the cycle performance and the high rate performance of the zinc oxide are improved. The reversible capacity retention rate of the composite electrode material after 100 cycles at 0.1C rate is 80-95%; the first capacities at 0.5, 1 and 2C multiplying power are respectively 750-850, 650-750 and 500-600 mAh/g.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the examples will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a zinc oxide composite electrode material loaded on a nickel nanosheet array in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the zinc oxide composite electrode material loaded by the nickel nanosheet array in the example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example (b):
(1) placing nickel foil in a mixed solution composed of nickel sulfate and potassium persulfate, wherein the concentration of nickel sulfate is 0.4 mol/L, the concentration of potassium persulfate is 0.075 mol/L, continuously stirring and heating to 25oAnd C, putting the substrate into a nickel foil substrate with the size of 1 cm multiplied by 1 cm, adding 10 mL of concentrated ammonia water to trigger a deposition reaction, taking out after 60 min, washing with deionized water and drying to obtain the nickel oxyhydroxide array.
(2) And (2) adopting a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology, taking zinc oxide ceramic as a target material, installing the target material at a position 20 cm above the sample table, and sputtering and depositing a zinc oxide coating on the vertical hydroxyl nickel oxide array obtained in the step (1). The sputtering atmosphere is high-purity argon (99.999%), the working pressure is 8 mTorr, the sputtering power is 60W, and the sputtering time is 8 h.
(3) Adopting a reduction method, taking hydrogen-argon mixed gas containing 5 percent of hydrogen as a reduction gas,reducing the hydroxyl nickel oxide in the composite material obtained in the step (2) into metallic nickel at the reduction temperature of 400 DEG CoC, reducing for 2 h to finally prepare the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material, wherein the thickness of the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material is 2 microns, and the areal density of nickel is 0.25 mg/cm2The surface density of the zinc oxide is 0.75 mg/cm2。
The electrochemical performance of the material is tested by adopting a CR2025 button cell, a nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode is used as a working electrode, a lithium sheet is used as a counter electrode, and 1 mol/L LiPF6The DEC + EC (volume ratio DEC: EC = 1: 1) solution of (A) was used as an electrolyte, and Celgard2400 polypropylene membrane was used as a separator. The cell assembly process was completed in a glove box with water and oxygen concentrations below 1 ppm. And standing the battery for 12 h after the battery is assembled, and performing constant-current charge and discharge on the battery by adopting a constant-current charge and discharge method at different multiplying powers within a voltage range of 0.02-3.0V, and testing reversible capacity, first coulombic efficiency, cycle performance and high multiplying power performance.
According to the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material, an obvious composite effect exists between the nickel nanosheet array and a zinc oxide active material, and the electrochemical performance of the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material is obviously enhanced. Compared with the conventional pure zinc oxide cathode material prepared by depositing on a flat nickel foil by the same magnetron sputtering process, the material has the following advantages:
1. the first coulomb efficiency and reversible capacity are obviously improved. In the composite electrode, the nano nickel can perform reversible conversion reaction with lithium oxide generated after zinc oxide is discharged for the first time (Ni + Li)2O ↔ NiO + 2Li) to allow more electrode materials to participate in the electrochemical reaction, thereby improving the first coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity. The first coulombic efficiency and the first reversible capacity of the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode of the embodiment of the invention are compared with the first reversible capacity of a conventional pure zinc oxide electrode under the multiplying power of 0.1C, which is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
2. The cycle performance is obviously improved. The combination of the nickel nanosheet array and the zinc oxide improves the structural strength of the electrode, and a three-dimensional buffer network is formed in the zinc oxide, so that the stability of the electrode in the repeated circulation process is ensured, and the circulation performance of the electrode is improved. The comparison of the reversible capacity retention rate of the zinc oxide composite electrode material loaded on the nickel nanosheet array in the embodiment of the invention and the conventional pure zinc oxide electrode after 100 cycles at 0.1 ℃ is also shown in table 1.
3. The high rate performance is obviously enhanced. The nickel nanosheet array forms a three-dimensional conductive network in the zinc oxide, so that the overall conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the polarization of the electrode is reduced, thereby improving the high-rate performance of the electrode. Table 2 compares the first reversible capacities at 0.5, 1, and 2C rates of the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode of the example of the present invention and a conventional pure zinc oxide electrode.
TABLE 2
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) vertically growing a hydroxyl nickel oxide nanosheet array on a nickel foil substrate by adopting a chemical water bath deposition method;
(2) further depositing zinc oxide on the nickel oxyhydroxide array obtained in the step (1) by adopting a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method to obtain a nickel oxyhydroxide nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite material;
(3) and (3) reducing the hydroxyl nickel oxide in the composite material obtained in the step (2) into metallic nickel by using hydrogen-argon mixed gas by adopting a reduction method, and finally obtaining the nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material.
2. The method for preparing the nickel nanosheet array-supported zinc oxide composite electrode material of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the reaction solutionIs a mixed solution composed of nickel sulfate and potassium persulfate, wherein the concentration of the nickel sulfate is 0.2-0.6 mol/L, the concentration of the potassium persulfate is 0.05-0.1 mol/L, 5-15 mL of concentrated ammonia water is added to trigger a deposition reaction, and the reaction temperature is 10-40oC, the reaction time is 0.5-3 h; in the step (2), the target is zinc oxide ceramic, the radio frequency power is 50-100W, and the sputtering time is 2-12 h; in the step (3), the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and the reducing temperature is 300-500 DEG C oAnd C, the reaction time is 1-3 h.
3. A nickel nanosheet array loaded zinc oxide composite electrode material prepared according to the method of claim 2.
4. The application of the nickel nanosheet array-supported zinc oxide composite electrode material of claim 3 as an electrode material for a lithium ion battery.
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