CN109300381B - Stakeout Method for Coordinate Surveying with Total Station - Google Patents

Abstract

This divisional application discloses a stakeout method for total station coordinate measurement. In the stakeout, the total station model is placed at a survey site A, which means that the erection of the total station is completed, and the control point model is placed at the backsight point B. , represents the completion of the setting of the backsight point, and after orienting the backsight point, the coordinate model of the control point is moved; through the use of the total station coordinate measurement teaching model, combined with the teacher's instruction, students can vividly understand the total station coordinate measurement The basic process and related work can greatly improve the teaching effect.

Description

Stakeout Method for Coordinate Surveying with Total Station

This application is a divisional application with application number 2017100250621, application date 2017-01-13, and the title of invention "Total Station Coordinate Measurement Teaching Model and Measurement Method".

technical field

The invention relates to a teaching aid, in particular to a teaching model.

Background technique

The main process of total station coordinate measurement is data collection and stakeout. Data collection is to determine the specific coordinates of the point to be measured, and stakeout is to give a specific coordinate and find the specific location of this coordinate in the actual terrain. In coordinate measurement, data collection involves the setting of the measuring point and the backsight point, as well as the measuring process of the point to be measured. In addition to the setting of the survey site and the backsight point, the stakeout must also find out the position of the point on the actual terrain according to the coordinate data. Simply relying on the teacher's oral explanation, the students cannot vividly understand the basic process and related work of the total station coordinate measurement. Such as: backsight point setting, the principle process of the point to be measured being measured, and the measurement and design of the building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a total station coordinate measurement teaching model, which is divided into two models, one is a control point model, the other is a total station model, and the two are combined, Improve teaching effect through demonstration.

The technical scheme of the present invention is:

A total station coordinate measurement teaching model, including a control point model and a total station model;

The control point model includes a first base, a first straight rod and a marking cloth, the bottom of the first straight rod is fixedly connected with the first base, and the marking cloth is sleeved on the upper part of the first straight rod;

The total station model includes a second base, a second straight rod, a scale disc, a tightening ring and a sleeve rod. The bottom of the second straight rod is fixedly connected to the second base; the upper part of the second straight rod is The diameter is smaller than the threaded post of the second straight rod body, the lower part of the sleeve rod has a threaded hole matched with the threaded post of the second straight rod, the disc-shaped scale disc is sleeved on the threaded post of the second straight rod, and the The threaded post of the second straight rod is screwed into the threaded hole of the sleeve rod and tightened, so as to fasten the dial disc on the threaded post on the upper part of the second straight rod between the second straight rod and the sleeve rod; The hoop is connected to the outer circumference of the lower part of the sleeve rod, and the tight hoop is located above the scale disc.

The tightening hoop ring includes a ring body, an oblique rod and a cross rod. The cross rod and the ring body are integral structures. One side of the ring body has two symmetrical threaded holes through which the bolts can pass through the ring body. The inclined rod is movably connected to the other side of the ring body through a roller at one end of the inclined rod for adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined rod.

Further, one end of the inclined rod is fixed with a roller, a groove is formed on one side of the ring body, the roller is placed in the groove body, and the roller is clamped by the two side walls of the groove, and the two side walls and the roller are provided for the shaft to pass through. The shaft is threaded on the part protruding from the outside of the two side walls to form a threaded shaft, and the bolts are tightened on the threaded shaft to tighten the distance between the two side walls, so that the roller is clamped and fixed by the two side walls. .

Further, one end of the oblique rod is fixed with a roller, and the roller is a magnet in the shape of a wheel, and the contact angle between the magnet and the tightening ring is changed to adjust the inclination angle of the oblique rod.

Further, the bolts are fixed in the threaded holes by double lug nuts (6.2).

Further, the thread of the lower part of the second straight rod is threadedly connected with the threaded hole at the center of the second base, the thread of the lower part of the first straight rod is threadedly connected to the threaded hole at the center of the first base, and the first straight rod and the second base are threadedly connected. Both straight rods are cylindrical telescopic rods.

Further, the scale disc is provided with a uniform scale mark (7.1), and there is a mark "X" at the "0" scale of the scale mark, and a mark "Y" at the "90" scale, and the center of the scale disc is marked. There is a threaded hole at the upper part of the second straight rod to be fixedly connected, the upper part of the sleeve rod is marked with "Z", the oblique rod and the horizontal rod are marked with "SD" and "HD" respectively, and All are cylindrical retractable rods.

Further, the first base and the second base are both discs, the center of the disc is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole of the first base is threadedly connected with the first straight rod with threads, and the threaded hole of the second base is threaded. The hole is threaded with a threaded second straight rod.

A total station coordinate measurement method using any of the above-mentioned total station coordinate measurement teaching models, the steps are as follows: data collection and stakeout.

Further, the data collection method is as follows: the total station model is placed at a survey site A, which means that the erection of the total station is completed; Open the sleeve rod, turn the hoop ring so that the plane where the inclined rod and the cross rod are located is roughly in the same plane as the rear view point B, twist the double lug nut (6.2) to fix the ring body of the hoop ring, and then swing the oblique rod to let the inclined rod be inclined. The rod is aligned with the marking cloth of the backsight point B, and the sleeve is rotated to fix it again, which means that the total station is aligned with the backsight point B to orient the backsight point, so that the total station can find the north direction of the coordinate system, which means that the coordinate system is established; then Repeat the above steps, and align the total station to the unknown point C to be measured. At this time, the inclined bar represents the slant distance SD from the total station to the point C to be measured, and the horizontal bar represents the horizontal distance from the total station to the point C to be measured. HD, the angle between the inclined bar and the cross bar is α;

The geometric relationship is SD × cos α = HD;

The angle between the horizontal bar and the "0" scale mark on the scale disc is β, and β is the coordinate azimuth angle of the unknown point C to be measured, which is measured according to the coordinates of the known station A (X _A , Y _A , Z _A ) The coordinates of the point to be measured C (X _C , Y _C , Z _C ), the geometric relationship is

X _C =X _A +HD×cosβ

Y _C =Y _A +HD×sinβ

Z _C =Z _A +SD×sinα

In this way, the coordinates of all the points to be measured are obtained, and the data collection is completed.

Further, in the stakeout, the total station model is placed at a station A, which means that the erection of the total station is completed, and the control point model is placed at the backsight point B, which means that the setting of the backsight point is completed, and after the backsight point is oriented. , move the control point coordinate model, then turn the ring body of the hoop ring, swing the oblique rod to align it with the control point model, twist the double ear nut (6.2) to fix the hoop ring, and rotate the sleeve rod to fix it again. The sloping distance SD represented by the inclined bar, the horizontal distance HD represented by the horizontal bar, and the included angle β between the horizontal bar and the X-axis represented by the "0" scale marked on the circular dial, the angle between the horizontal bar and the inclined bar The included angle α is the coordinates of the current control point (X _C ^' , Y _C ^' , Z _C ^' ), and the geometric relationship is:

X _C ^' =X _A +HD×cosβ

Y _C ^' =Y _A +HD×sinβ

Z _C ^' =Z _A +SD×sinα

According to the coordinate values that are different from the given coordinates of the known point,

ΔX=X _C -X _C ^'

ΔY=Y _C -Y _C ^'

ΔZ=Z _C -Z _C ^'

Then move the control point model purposefully, and repeat the above steps until the coordinate comparison difference values ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ are 0. At this time, the position of the control point model is the specific position of the known point coordinates in the actual terrain, and other stakeout points In the same way, use the above steps to find out and complete the stakeout.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the use of the total station coordinate measurement teaching model, combined with the teacher's schematic explanation, the students can vividly understand the basic process and related work of the total station coordinate measurement, and greatly improve the teaching effect.

Description of drawings

The present invention has a total of 9 accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the front view of utilizing the control point model of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the control point model of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the front view of the total station model of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the total station model of the present invention

Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged view of the total station model of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged perspective view of the total station model of the present invention;

7 is a perspective view of a control point model of the present invention;

8 is a perspective view of a total station model of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a structure for adjusting the inclination angle of an oblique rod.

The reference signs in the figure are as follows: 1, the first base, 2, the first straight rod, 3, the marking cloth, 4, the second base, 5, the second straight rod, 6, the tightening ring, 6.1, the bolt, 6.2, Double lug nut, 6.3, sliding wheel, 7, scale disc, 7.1, scale mark, 8, sleeve rod, 9, inclined rod, 10, horizontal rod.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-9, the present invention is further described:

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a total station coordinate measurement teaching model, which is mainly divided into two parts. A part is a control point model, which is used as a backsight point and a point to be measured; the control point model includes: the first straight rod 2 and the first base 1 are connected by means of nuts and bolts, and the marking cloth 3 is set on the first straight rod 2 on. The other part is the total station model. The total station model includes a second base 4, a second straight rod 5, a scale disc 7, a tightening ring 6 and a sleeve rod 8. The bottom of the second straight rod 5 is the same as the The second base 4 is fixedly connected;

The upper part of the second straight rod 5 is a threaded post with a diameter smaller than that of the second straight rod body, the lower part of the sleeve rod has a threaded hole matched with the threaded post of the second straight rod, and the disc-shaped scale disc 7 is sleeved on the first straight rod. On the threaded column of the two straight rods 5, screw the threaded column of the second straight rod 5 into the threaded hole of the sleeve rod and screw it tightly, so as to fasten the scale disc 7 on the second straight rod 5 and the sleeve rod 8 On the threaded column on the upper part of the second straight rod 5 between them; the hoop ring 6 is hooped on the outer circumference of the lower part of the sleeve rod 8 , and the hoop ring 6 is located above the scale disc 7 . That is, by tightening the threaded post through the screw hole of the sleeve rod, the scale disc 7 sleeved on the threaded post is fastened between the second straight rod body and the sleeve rod; The rod 9 and the cross rod 10. The cross rod 10 and the ring body are integrally constructed or fixedly connected. There are two symmetrical threaded holes on one side of the ring body that can pass through the bolts 6.1 for fastening the ring body. 9 is movably connected to the other side of the ring body through a roller at one end for adjusting the inclination angle of the oblique rod 9, that is, the ring body has an adjustment structure for the inclination angle of the oblique rod. In one embodiment, the adjustment structure is: Referring to Figure 9, one end of the inclined rod 9 is fixed with a roller, a groove is formed on one side of the ring body, the roller is placed in the groove body, and the roller is clamped by the two side walls of the groove. Through the coaxial through hole, the shaft is threaded on the part protruding from the outside of the two side walls to form a threaded shaft, and the bolt is tightened on the threaded shaft to tighten the distance between the two side walls, so that the roller is clamped by the two side walls. Tightly fixed; after the bolts are loosened, the rollers are in a rotatable state, and the angle of the inclined rods can be adjusted.

The first base 1 and the second base 4 are both disc structures, with a thickness of 20 mm, a diameter of 100 mm, a screw hole diameter of 8 mm, and a threaded hole at the center of the circle.

The scale disk 7 is a disk with a thickness of 2mm, a diameter of 120mm and a threaded hole diameter of 6mm, with a uniform scale mark (7.1) on it, a mark "X" at the "0" scale, and a mark "90" at the "90" scale. There is a mark "Y", and there is a threaded hole at the center of the scale disc 7 for being sleeved on the threaded upper part of the second straight rod 5 .

The threaded part at the lower part of the second straight rod 5 is connected with the threaded hole at the center of the second base 4; the threaded part at the lower part of the first straight rod 2 is connected with the threaded hole at the center of the first base 1, and both rods are cylindrical and retractable. rod. The height of the second straight rod 5 is 200mm, and a telescopic rod is formed by two rods with diameters of 12mm and 10mm, and a height of 100mm. The lower part has a threaded column with a length of 16 mm and a diameter of 8 mm, which can be connected with the threaded hole of the second base 4 . The upper part of the second straight rod has a threaded column with a length of 30 mm and a diameter of 6 mm, which is connected with the tightening ring 6 , the scale disc 7 and the sleeve rod 8 .

The sleeve rod 8 is 100 mm long, 10 mm in diameter, and 6 mm in diameter at the lower threaded hole. And there is a mark "Z" on the upper part of the sleeve rod 8.

The shafts of the inclined rods 9 and the horizontal rods 10 are marked with "SD" and "HD" respectively, and both are cylindrical telescopic rods. The lengths are 160mm and 100mm, respectively, and the diameters are both 6mm.

The sliding wheel 6.3 is welded on the connecting part and is integrated with the tightening ring 6.

In one embodiment, in order to adjust the inclination angle of the inclined rod, another structure for adjusting the angle of the inclined rod is used, that is, the roller is set as a magnet in the shape of a wheel, and the contact angle between the magnet and the tightening ring is changed, so as to adjust the angle of the inclined rod. See Figure 6 for the tilt angle.

The straight rods and dial discs above are made of mild steel with good stiffness and toughness.

In one embodiment, the control point model of the total station coordinate measurement teaching model is assembled from the first base 1 , the first straight rod 2 and the marking cloth 3 , and is used as the backsight point and the point to be measured. There can be multiple and the first straight rod 2 is a telescopic rod, and the marking cloth is marked with letters "A", "B", "C", etc. to indicate the backsight point and different points to be measured. The total station model is connected by the second base 4 and the lower part of the straight rod 5, the second straight rod 5 is a telescopic rod, and the upper part of the second straight rod 5 is installed with a dial 7, a tightening ring 6 and a sleeve rod 8 in sequence from bottom to top. There is a threaded hole at the center of the scale disc 7 which is penetrated by the upper part of the second straight rod 5 . The threaded hole at the lower part of the sleeve rod 8 is sleeved on the second straight rod 5 to fix the scale disc 7 . The scale marks 7.1 on the scale disc 7 represent degrees, and the scale marks "0" and "90" are also marked with "X" and "Y" respectively, which represent the X-axis and The Y axis, the sleeve rod 8 represents the Z axis of the geodetic coordinate system. The horizontal bar 10 integral with the hoop 6 represents the horizontal distance HD, which represents the projection of the oblique bar 9, ie the oblique distance SD. The tightening ring 6 can rotate around the upper part of the straight rod 5 before the sleeve rod 8 is fixed, and the inclined rod 9 is connected with the sliding wheel 6.3 and can swing up and down around the sliding wheel 6.3.

Install the detachable total station model and place it at a survey station A, which means that the erection of the total station is completed. Install the detachable control point model and place it at the backsight point B, which means the setting of the backsight point is completed. Afterwards, loosen the sleeve rod 8 slightly, rotate the hoop ring 6, so that the plane where the oblique rod 9 and the cross rod 10 are located is roughly in the same plane as the rear view point B, twist the double lug nut 6.2 to fix the hoop ring 6, and then swing the oblique rod 9. Align the inclined rod with the backsight point B marking cloth 3, and rotate the sleeve rod 8 for re-fixing, which means that the total station is aligned with the backsight point B. The purpose is to orient the backsight point so that the total station can find the north direction of the coordinate system. , representing the establishment of the coordinate system. Then repeat the above steps, and align the total station to the unknown point C to be measured. At this time, the inclined bar 9 represents the slant distance SD from the total station to the point C to be measured, and the horizontal bar 10 represents the total station to the point C to be measured. The horizontal distance HD, the angle between the inclined bar 9 and the cross bar 10 is α;

The geometric relationship is SD × cos α = HD;

_The angle between the horizontal bar 10 and the “0” scale mark on the scale disc 7 is β, and β is the coordinate azimuth angle of the unknown point _C to be measured _. Measure the coordinates of the point C (X _C , Y _C , Z _C ) to be measured, and the geometric relationship is

X _C =X _A +HD×cosβ

Y _C =Y _A +HD×sinβ

Z _C =Z _A +SD×sinα

In this way, the coordinates of all the points to be measured are obtained, and the data collection is completed.

The setting of the measuring point and the backsight point in the stakeout process is the same as that of the data acquisition process. After orienting the backsight point, move the coordinate model of the control point purposefully, then rotate the hoop 6 and swing the oblique rod 9 to align it with the coordinate model of the control point. Twist the double lug nut 6.2 to fix the hoop ring 6, and rotate the sleeve rod 8 for re-fixing, so that the inclined distance SD represented by the inclined bar 9 at this time, the horizontal distance HD represented by the horizontal bar 10, and the horizontal bar 10 and the circular dial The "0" scale marked on 7 represents the included angle β between the X-axis and the included angle α between the horizontal bar 10 and the inclined bar 9 to obtain the coordinates of the current control point (X _C ^' , Y _C ^' , Z _C ^' ), the geometric relationship is:

X _C ^' =X _A +HD×cosβ

Y _C ^' =Y _A +HD×sinβ

Z _C ^' =Z _A +SD×sinα

According to the coordinate values that are different from the given coordinates of the known point,

ΔX=X _C -X _C ^'

ΔY=Y _C -Y _C ^'

ΔZ=Z _C -Z _C ^'

Then move the control point model purposefully, and repeat the above steps until the coordinate comparison difference values ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ are 0. At this time, the position of the control point model is the specific position of the known point coordinates in the actual terrain, and other stakeout points In the same way, use the above steps to find out and complete the stakeout.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a set-out method for total station coordinate measurement, is characterized in that, The total station coordinate measurement teaching model includes a control point model and a total station model; the control point model includes a first base (1), a first straight rod (2) and a marking cloth (3). The first straight The bottom of the rod (2) is fixedly connected with the first base (1), and the marking cloth (3) is sleeved on the upper part of the first straight rod (2); The total station model includes a second base (4), a second straight rod (5), a scale disc (7), a tightening hoop (6) and a sleeve rod (8), the second straight rod ( The bottom of 5) is fixedly connected with the second base (4); the upper part of the second straight rod (5) is a threaded post with a diameter smaller than the second straight rod body, and the lower part of the sleeve rod has a threaded post with the second straight rod The matching threaded hole, the disc-shaped scale disc (7) is sleeved on the threaded column of the second straight rod (5), and the threaded column of the second straight rod (5) is screwed into the threaded hole of the sleeve rod and screw it tightly to fasten the scale disc (7) on the threaded column on the upper part of the second straight rod (5) between the second straight rod (5) and the sleeve rod (8); tighten the hoop (6) The hoop is connected to the outer circumference of the lower part of the sleeve rod (8), and the tightening hoop ring (6) is located above the scale disc (7); The tightening hoop ring (6) includes a ring body, an oblique rod (9) and a transverse rod (10), the transverse rod (10) and the ring body are of an integral structure, and two rings are provided on one side of the ring body for tightening the ring. The symmetrical threaded hole of the body can pass through the bolt (6.1), and the inclined rod (9) is movably connected to the other side of the ring body through a roller at one end of the inclined rod for adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined rod (9); One end of the inclined rod (9) is fixed with a roller, a groove is formed on one side of the ring body, the roller is placed in the groove body, and the roller is clamped by the two side walls of the groove, and the two side walls and the roller are provided for the shaft to pass through. The shaft is threaded on the part protruding from the outside of the two side walls to form a threaded shaft, and the bolts are tightened on the threaded shaft to tighten the distance between the two side walls, so that the roller is clamped and fixed by the two side walls. ; The bolts (6.1) are fixed in the threaded holes by double lug nuts (6.2); The thread of the lower part of the second straight rod (5) is connected with the thread of the threaded hole at the center of the second base (4), and the thread of the lower part of the first straight rod (2) is threaded with the thread of the threaded hole at the center of the first base (1). connected, and the first straight rod (2) and the second straight rod (5) are both cylindrical telescopic rods; For the stakeout, the total station model is placed at a station A, which means that the erection of the total station is completed, and the control point model is placed at the backsight point B, which means that the setting of the backsight point is completed. After the backsight point is oriented, the mobile control point coordinate model, then turn the ring body of the hoop ring (6), swing the oblique rod (9) to align it with the control point model, twist the double ear nut (6.2) to fix the hoop ring (6), rotate the sleeve rod ( 8) Re-fix, the slant distance SD represented by the inclined bar (9) at this time, the horizontal distance HD represented by the horizontal bar (10), and the “0” marked on the horizontal bar (10) and the circular dial (7). "The included angle β between the X-axis represented by the scale, the included angle α between the horizontal bar (10) and the oblique bar (9), the coordinates of the current control point (X _C ^' , Y _C ^' , Z _C ^' ), The geometric relationship is: X _C ^' =X _A +HD×cosβ Y _C ^' =Y _A +HD×sinβ Z _C ^' =Z _A +SD×sinα According to the coordinate values that are different from the given coordinates of the known point, ΔX=X _C -X _C ^' ΔY=Y _C -Y _C ^' ΔZ=Z _C -Z _C ^' Then move the control point model purposefully, and repeat the above steps until the coordinate comparison difference values ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ are 0. At this time, the position of the control point model is the specific position of the known point coordinates in the actual terrain, and other stakeout points In the same way, use the above steps to find out and complete the stakeout.

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