CN109297694B - Anti-side-rolling torsion bar fatigue test device and method - Google Patents
Anti-side-rolling torsion bar fatigue test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109297694B CN109297694B CN201811171421.5A CN201811171421A CN109297694B CN 109297694 B CN109297694 B CN 109297694B CN 201811171421 A CN201811171421 A CN 201811171421A CN 109297694 B CN109297694 B CN 109297694B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing fatigue of an anti-rolling torsion bar. The anti-side-rolling torsion bar fatigue test device comprises a platform, a force application device, a double-beam lever mechanism and an adjustable supporting device; the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism is connected with a force application device; an adjustable supporting device is respectively arranged in front of and behind the left end of the double-beam lever mechanism. The middle points of two side rolling cross beams which are assembled side by side front and back are hinged on the same rotating support, an anti-side rolling torsion bar is connected between the bottom surface of each side rolling cross beam and the platform, and the anti-side rolling torsion bars are connected between the side rolling cross beams, the adjustable supporting device and the platform; the load is applied to the right end of the side rolling cross beam, and the real working condition is simulated to resist the side rolling torsion bar to carry out a single-point bidirectional loading test. By adopting the invention, the fatigue test can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of anti-side-rolling torsion bars, the suspension and the fixation of the anti-side-rolling torsion bars with different models can be realized, and the aim of improving the fatigue test efficiency is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tests, in particular to a device and a method for testing fatigue of an anti-rolling torsion bar.
Background
With the rapid development of the rail transit industry in China, the high speed, safety and comfort have become the development trend of the design and manufacture of rail vehicles. The anti-rolling torsion bar and the air spring are combined and applied to a secondary suspension system of the railway vehicle, so that the safety and the comfort of the vehicle are greatly improved. The anti-roll torsion bar is used as an important component in secondary suspension of the bogie, and has the function of overcoming the defect that the vertical rigidity of the air spring is low to cause the increase of a roll angle and restraining the roll of a vehicle body relative to the bogie. Before the anti-rolling torsion bar is used, the performance, particularly the rigidity and the fatigue performance, of the anti-rolling torsion bar must be detected, and in order to ensure the comfort and the safety of a vehicle, reasonable and comprehensive tests need to be carried out on the anti-rolling torsion bar.
In the prior art, fatigue performance tests are required to be carried out on various types of anti-rolling torsion bars, and 1000 ten thousand fatigue performance tests are required to be carried out on each product, so that the existing equipment in a laboratory is difficult to meet the requirement of rapid research and development of new products, meanwhile, the existing loading tests mostly adopt the traditional single-point unidirectional loading mode to replace bidirectional loading for testing, and have some differences from the actual working conditions of vehicles. How to develop a test device which not only can improve fatigue efficiency, but also can carry out bidirectional loading test according to the practical application working condition of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar from the perspective of engineering practice has very important significance in shortening the research and development period of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar and reducing the test cost. The existing mechanical property test of the anti-rolling torsion bar can be divided into 2 types of mechanical loading and hydraulic loading according to the driving mode. The loading modes are single-point one-way, two-point two-way and three-point three-way loading 3 types. The loading mode generally needs 2-3 hydraulic oil cylinders or eccentric wheel mechanisms to apply loads or displacements for fatigue tests, and the loading modes occupy more test resources and have low efficiency.
The utility model discloses an application number is CN 200820158556.3's utility model discloses an anti-side-rolling torsion bar fatigue test machine for track traffic, including frame, workstation and electrical control cabinet, the frame is "inverted T" shape structure, be equipped with upper support device at the middle protruding part top of frame "inverted T" shape, be equipped with the workstation in the middle protruding part one side of "inverted T" shape, be equipped with gear reduction motor at the middle protruding part opposite side of "inverted T" shape, be equipped with the lever assembly through the lever supporting seat on the side of the middle protruding part of "inverted T" shape one side by the workstation, and gear reduction motor is equipped with the belt pulley on the output shaft, gear reduction motor passes through belt transmission and is connected with upper support device, drive the support shaft rotation on the upper support device through belt transmission. The upper support shaft is provided with a crank disc and a crank pin, the upper support device is connected with the lever assembly through a connecting rod device, the upper support device, the connecting rod device and the lever assembly form a crank-rocker mechanism which is vertically arranged, and the crank-rocker mechanism drives two ends of the anti-rolling torsion bar to do opposite torsional motion through the lever. Application number is CN 201520344577.4's utility model relates to an anti side roll torsion bar system test device, including loading cylinder, the frock connecting rod, wear the round pin, the supporting seat, the mount table, the threaded rod, the mounting panel, anti side roll torsion bar system, the supporting seat is fixed on the mount table, supporting seat upper end and anti side roll torsion bar system fastening connection, the lower extreme of 4 threaded rods is fixed on the mount table, upper end and mounting panel fastening connection, loading cylinder and right-hand member frock connecting rod fastening connection, left end frock connecting rod and mounting panel sliding connection, a left side, right side frock connecting rod and two lower extreme bearing joint fastening connection, two lower extreme bearing joint and anti side roll torsion bar system both ends are through wearing the pin junction. The prior art can not simulate real working conditions to resist the side rolling torsion bar and carry out single-point bidirectional loading test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fatigue test device and method for an anti-side-rolling torsion bar, which can simulate real working conditions to carry out a single-point bidirectional loading test on the anti-side-rolling torsion bar.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fatigue test device for an anti-rolling torsion bar comprises a platform, a force applying device arranged on the right part of the platform, a double-beam lever mechanism arranged on the platform, and an adjustable supporting device arranged on the left part of the platform; the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism is connected with a force application device; an adjustable supporting device is respectively installed in the front and the rear near the left end of the double-beam lever mechanism: respectively a front adjustable supporting device and a rear adjustable supporting device.
The anti-side-rolling torsion bar comprises a torsion bar shaft, a torsion arm, two supporting seats and two connecting rod assemblies, wherein each connecting rod assembly comprises a connecting rod upper end spherical hinge core shaft, and the anti-side-rolling torsion bar is four in total: the torsion bar comprises a first anti-side-rolling torsion bar, a second anti-side-rolling torsion bar, a third anti-side-rolling torsion bar and a fourth anti-side-rolling torsion bar; the double-beam lever mechanism comprises a side rolling beam, a rotating support, a rotating shaft, a rotating hinge shaft, a mounting seat and a suspension device arranged on the platform; the adjustable supporting device comprises an adjustable supporting rod arranged on the platform, a movable cross beam arranged at the upper end of the adjustable supporting rod, and a fixing device arranged on the movable cross beam;
the rotating support is arranged at the middle position above the platform, and the side rolling beams are two: a front roll bar located at the front and a rear roll bar located at the rear; the two side rolling beams are arranged in parallel front and back, the middle points of the two side rolling beams are both arranged on the rotating support through rotating shafts, and the right ends of the two side rolling beams are both connected with a force application device through rotating hinged shafts; the bottom surface of each side rolling beam is provided with three mounting seats for connecting a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of a connecting rod;
three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the front side rolling beam sequentially comprise from left to right: the front mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rotating support left side the front mounting base two and be located the rotating support right side the front mounting base three, and the side rolls a crossbeam place ahead left side right and is equipped with two linkage in the front on the platform: the front mounting seat II, the front mounting seat III, the front suspension device II and the front suspension device III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of a first anti-side-rolling torsion bar and two supporting seats;
three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the rear side rolling beam sequentially from left to right: the rear mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rear mounting base two of rotating support left side and be located the rear mounting base three of rotating support right side, is equipped with two linkage on the platform at a rear side roll crossbeam rear left side right: the rear mounting seat II, the rear mounting seat III, the rear mounting seat II and the rear mounting seat III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar II and two supporting seats;
a suspension device is arranged on the platform below the left end of the front side rolling beam: a first front suspension device; the platform below the movable beam of the front adjustable supporting device is provided with a suspension device: a front suspension device IV; the front mounting seat I, the fixing device of the front adjustable supporting device, the front suspension device I and the front suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge mandrel at the upper ends of two connecting rods of a third anti-side-rolling torsion bar and two supporting seats;
a suspension device is arranged below the platform near the left end of the rear side rolling beam: a first rear suspension device; a suspension device is arranged on the platform below the movable beam of the rear adjustable supporting device: a fourth rear suspension device; the rear mounting seat I, the fixing device of the rear adjustable supporting device, the rear suspension device I and the rear suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge mandrel at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar IV and two supporting seats.
The double-beam lever mechanism further comprises a shaft sleeve, an oil injection pipe, an M16 fastening bolt, a self-lubricating bearing, a limiting block and an M10 fastening bolt; the rotating shaft is arranged on the rotating support through a self-lubricating bearing and a shaft sleeve; through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve and are connected with the through holes, the through hole in the middle of the shaft sleeve is connected with an oil injection pipe, and a pipe orifice at the upper end of the oil injection pipe extends out of the surface of the side rolling cross beam; the periphery of the end part of the rotating shaft is also provided with a limiting block, the limiting block is fixed on the rotating support through an M10 fastening bolt, and the shaft sleeve is fixed on the rotating support through an M16 fastening bolt.
The side rolling cross beam is rectangular, a T-shaped groove is formed in the bottom surface of the side rolling cross beam along the length direction, the mounting seat is a T-shaped mounting block matched with the T-shaped groove, the upper end of the T-shaped mounting block is mounted in the T-shaped groove, and U-shaped holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the lower end portion of the T-shaped mounting block; a scale used for installing and positioning the T-shaped installation block is arranged on the side rolling beam, a fastening bolt used for fixing the T-shaped installation block is further arranged on the T-shaped installation block, and when the fastening bolt is loosened, the T-shaped installation block can move in the T-shaped groove;
the longitudinal section of the rotating support is trapezoidal.
The adjustable supporting rods are four, the middle part of the movable cross beam is provided with a strip-shaped through hole used for installing the fixing device along the front-back direction, the fixing device is installed at the position of the strip-shaped through hole through a bolt, and the fixing device can move back and forth in the strip-shaped through hole when the bolt is loosened.
The force applying device comprises a side frame, a top cross beam, a fixing frame, a vertical oil cylinder and an upright post; the side frame and the upright post are arranged on the platform in tandem, and the top beam is arranged at the top ends of the side frame and the upright post through a fixed frame; the vertical oil cylinder is connected below the middle part of the top cross beam; the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism is connected with a vertical oil cylinder.
The force application device also comprises a tail ball head, a displacement sensor arranged beside the vertical oil cylinder and a load sensor arranged at the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder; the vertical oil cylinder is connected with the top cross beam through a tail ball head.
A fatigue test method for an anti-side-rolling torsion bar comprises the steps that the middle points of two side-rolling cross beams which are assembled in parallel front and back are hinged on the same rotating support, the rotating support is installed on a platform, an adjustable supporting device is respectively arranged on the platform in front of and behind the left end of each side-rolling cross beam, and the right end of each side-rolling cross beam is connected with a force-applying device for applying load; a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the bottom surface of each side rolling cross beam and the platform, a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the front, the adjustable supporting device and the platform, and a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the back, the adjustable supporting device and the platform; the load is applied to the right end of the side rolling cross beam to form a deflection side rolling load, so that fatigue tests are simultaneously carried out on a plurality of side rolling resistant torsion bars, and a single-point bidirectional loading test is carried out on the side rolling resistant torsion bars under a real working condition.
The oil-containing sliding shaft sleeve and the self-lubricating bearing are adopted to replace the traditional joint bearing, and the rotating shaft and the side rolling cross beams which are assembled side by side are utilized for assembly; designing a hydraulic oil cylinder with hinged devices at the tail part and the front end to apply tension and compression loads to the right ends of the side rolling cross beams, and driving the two side rolling cross beams to perform a bidirectional loading test by using the hydraulic oil cylinder at one time; the requirement that the center distance of a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar connecting rod assembly is longitudinally adjustable is met by transversely arranging a T-shaped groove on the bottom surface of the side-rolling cross beam and installing a T-shaped installation block in the T-shaped groove; the adjustable and positioning of the longitudinal installation distance is realized by moving the T-shaped installation block and utilizing the scale fixed on the side rolling cross beam, so that the suspension and fixation of the anti-side rolling torsion bars of various different models are realized, and the aim of improving the fatigue test efficiency is fulfilled.
The anti-side rolling torsion bar fatigue test device is adopted for testing;
mounting holes are processed in the middle and two ends of the side rolling cross beam, shaft sleeves are assembled in a tight fit mode, then self-lubricating bearings are pressed in the shaft sleeves, the inner oil storage grooves, the outer oil storage grooves and the through holes of the self-lubricating bearings are fully coated with lubricating oil, and the middle through holes of the self-lubricating bearings extend to the outer side of the top surface of the cross beam through oil filling pipes; the rotating shaft is assembled with the self-lubricating bearing in an interference fit manner; the rotating support is designed into a two-half structure, two side rolling beams are respectively installed, the side rolling beams assembled with the rotating shaft are integrally hung on the rotating support from the upper part, the rotating shaft is clamped by using an upper cover plate of the rotating support and a bolt and is fixed by the bolt, meanwhile, limiting notches are processed on two sides of the left end of the rotating shaft, limiting blocks are installed in the limiting notches and are fixed on two sides of the rotating support by the bolt, the rotating shaft is prevented from moving, and meanwhile, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fastened; set up the runner structure on the axle sleeve: the hollow cylindrical shaft sleeve is processed by brass, through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve simultaneously, the through holes are used for connecting the through holes, the whole-area self-lubricating and heat dissipation of a bearing are realized, and meanwhile, the through holes in the middle of the shaft sleeve are connected with an external oil injection pipe, so that lubricating oil can be supplemented timely.
By adopting the invention, the fatigue test can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of anti-side-rolling torsion bars, the suspension and the fixation of the anti-side-rolling torsion bars with different models can be realized, and the aim of improving the fatigue test efficiency is achieved. Adopt self-lubricating bearing and runner structure, can improve two crossbeam lever mechanism fatigue life, realize the self-lubricating of bearing total area and heat dissipation, the through-hole is connected with external notes oil pipe in the middle of the axle sleeve simultaneously, is convenient for in time supply lubricating oil. Compare traditional slide bearing, have self-lubricating, good heat dissipation, simple structure, advantage that fatigue life is high.
By adopting the invention, the anti-side-rolling torsion bar can be simulated under real working conditions to carry out single-point bidirectional loading test, and the fatigue performance of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar under different working conditions can be tested. By designing a double-beam lever mechanism, two groups of two-way loaded or four one-way loaded anti-side-rolling torsion bars are installed, and a load is applied to one end of the double-beam lever mechanism through a hydraulic oil cylinder (vertical oil cylinder) so that a double-beam lever forms a deflection side-rolling load to test one or more anti-side-rolling torsion bars. The mode has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability and fatigue life, small occupied test resource, improved test efficiency and shortened development period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a fatigue testing apparatus for an anti-roll torsion bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the fatigue testing device for the anti-roll torsion bar in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view (cross-sectional view) of the fatigue testing apparatus for anti-roll torsion bar in accordance with the present invention (along line A-A in FIG. 2);
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the fatigue testing apparatus for the anti-roll torsion bar in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view (partially in section) of the pivoting cradle and side roll bar linkage of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front (cross-sectional) schematic view of a pivoting cradle and side roll beam connection of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of the pivoting support and side roll beam connection of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the pivoting support and side roller bar linkage of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises side rolling beams 1-1, a rotating support 1-2, a rotating shaft 1-3, a shaft sleeve 1-4, a rotating hinge shaft 1-5, a mounting seat 1-6, a suspension device 1-7, an oil injection pipe 1-8, an M16 fastening bolt 1-9, a self-lubricating bearing 1-10, a limiting block 1-11 and an M10 fastening bolt 1-12;
the adjustable supporting rod 2-1, the movable beam 2-2 and the fixing device 2-3;
3-1 parts of platform, 3-2 parts of side frame, 3-3 parts of top beam, 3-4 parts of fixing frame, 3-5 parts of tail ball head, 3-6 parts of displacement sensor, 3-7 parts of vertical oil cylinder, 3-8 parts of load sensor and 3-9 parts of upright post.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a side-rolling resistant torsion bar hydraulic single-point bidirectional loading test device includes a platform 3-1, a force applying device installed on the right portion of the platform, a double-beam lever mechanism installed on the platform, and an adjustable supporting device installed on the left portion of the platform.
The double-beam lever mechanism mainly comprises side rolling beams 1-1, rotating supports 1-2, rotating shafts 1-3, shaft sleeves 1-4, rotating hinge shafts 1-5, mounting seats 1-6, hanging devices 1-7, oil injection pipes 1-8, M16 fastening bolts 1-9, self-lubricating bearings 1-10, limiting blocks 1-11 and M10 fastening bolts 1-12. The function of the device is to install an anti-roll torsion bar and form a roll angle at the same time. The suspension is mounted on the platform. The rotating support is a trapezoidal support, and the longitudinal section of the rotating support is trapezoidal.
The adjustable supporting device mainly comprises an adjustable supporting rod 2-1 arranged on the platform, a movable cross beam 2-2 arranged at the upper end of the adjustable supporting rod, and a fixing device 2-3 arranged on the movable cross beam. The anti-rolling torsion bar connecting rod is used for suspending different types of single-point loading test anti-rolling torsion bar connecting rods. An adjustable supporting device is respectively installed in the front and the rear near the left end of the double-beam lever mechanism: respectively a front adjustable supporting device and a rear adjustable supporting device. The adjustable supporting rods are four, the middle part of the movable cross beam is provided with a strip-shaped through hole used for installing the fixing device along the front-back direction, the fixing device is installed at the position of the strip-shaped through hole through a bolt, and the fixing device can move back and forth in the strip-shaped through hole when the bolt is loosened.
The force applying device mainly comprises a side frame 3-2, a top cross beam 3-3, a fixing frame 3-4, a tail ball 3-5, a displacement sensor 3-6, a vertical oil cylinder 3-7, a load sensor 3-8 and an upright post 3-9. The function of the device applies load or displacement to the lever mechanism and simultaneously collects the test data of the load or displacement. The side frame and the upright post are arranged on the platform in tandem, and the top beam is arranged at the top ends of the side frame and the upright post through a fixed frame; the vertical oil cylinder is connected below the middle part of the top cross beam; the vertical oil cylinder is connected with the top cross beam through a tail ball head; the displacement sensor is arranged beside the vertical oil cylinder, and the load sensor is arranged at the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder.
The anti-side-rolling torsion bar comprises a torsion bar shaft, a torsion arm, two supporting seats and two connecting rod assemblies, wherein each connecting rod assembly comprises a connecting rod upper end spherical hinge core shaft, and the anti-side-rolling torsion bar is four in total: the torsion bar comprises a first anti-rolling torsion bar, a second anti-rolling torsion bar, a third anti-rolling torsion bar and a fourth anti-rolling torsion bar (one, two or three can be adopted according to the test requirement).
The rotating support is arranged at the middle position above the platform, and the side rolling beams are two: a front roll bar located at the front and a rear roll bar located at the rear; the two side rolling beams are arranged in parallel front and back, the middle points of the two side rolling beams are both arranged on the rotating support through rotating shafts, and the right ends of the two side rolling beams are both connected with a force application device through rotating hinged shafts; the bottom surface of each side rolling beam is provided with three mounting seats used for connecting a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of a connecting rod.
Three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the front side rolling beam sequentially comprise from left to right: the front mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rotating support left side the front mounting base two and be located the rotating support right side the front mounting base three, and the side rolls a crossbeam place ahead left side right and is equipped with two linkage in the front on the platform: the front mounting seat II, the front mounting seat III, the front suspension device II and the front suspension device III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar I and two supporting seats.
Three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the rear side rolling beam sequentially from left to right: the rear mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rear mounting base two of rotating support left side and be located the rear mounting base three of rotating support right side, is equipped with two linkage on the platform at a rear side roll crossbeam rear left side right: the rear mounting seat II, the rear mounting seat III, the rear mounting seat II and the rear mounting seat III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar II and two supporting seats.
A suspension device is arranged on the platform below the left end of the front side rolling beam: a first front suspension device; the platform below the movable beam of the front adjustable supporting device is provided with a suspension device: a front suspension device IV; the front mounting seat I, the fixing device of the front adjustable supporting device, the front suspension device I and the front suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper ends of two connecting rods of a third anti-side-rolling torsion bar and two supporting seats.
A suspension device is arranged below the platform near the left end of the rear side rolling beam: a first rear suspension device; a suspension device is arranged on the platform below the movable beam of the rear adjustable supporting device: a fourth rear suspension device; the rear mounting seat I, the fixing device of the rear adjustable supporting device, the rear suspension device I and the rear suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge mandrel at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar IV and two supporting seats.
The side rolling cross beam is rectangular, a T-shaped groove is formed in the bottom surface of the side rolling cross beam along the length direction, the mounting seat is a T-shaped mounting block matched with the T-shaped groove, the upper end of the T-shaped mounting block is mounted in the T-shaped groove, and U-shaped holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the lower end portion of the T-shaped mounting block; the side roll beam is provided with a scale used for installing and positioning the T-shaped installation block, the T-shaped installation block is further provided with a fastening bolt used for fixing the T-shaped installation block, and when the fastening bolt is loosened, the T-shaped installation block can move in the T-shaped groove.
A device for prolonging the fatigue life of a lever mechanism (a rotating support and a side rolling beam connecting structure of a double-beam lever mechanism) mainly comprises a rotating support 1-2, a rotating shaft 1-3, a shaft sleeve 1-4, a side rolling beam 4, an oil injection pipe 1-8, an M16 fastening bolt 1-9, a self-lubricating bearing 1-10, a limiting block 1-11 and an M10 fastening bolt 1-12. The rotating shaft is arranged on the rotating support through a self-lubricating bearing and a shaft sleeve; through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve and are connected with the through holes, the through hole in the middle of the shaft sleeve is connected with an oil injection pipe, and a pipe orifice at the upper end of the oil injection pipe extends out of the surface of the side rolling cross beam; the periphery of the end part of the rotating shaft is also provided with a limiting block, the limiting block is fixed on the rotating support through an M10 fastening bolt, and the shaft sleeve is fixed on the rotating support through an M16 fastening bolt.
A fatigue test method for an anti-side-rolling torsion bar comprises a hydraulic single-point bidirectional loading test method for the anti-side-rolling torsion bar and a method for prolonging the fatigue life of a lever mechanism.
The anti-rolling torsion bar hydraulic single-point bidirectional loading test method comprises the following steps: designing two side rolling cross beams to be assembled in parallel, hinging the middle points of the two side rolling cross beams which are assembled in parallel front and back on the same rotating support, installing the rotating support on a platform, respectively arranging an adjustable supporting device on the platform in front of and behind the left end of the side rolling cross beam, and connecting the right end of the side rolling cross beam with a force application device for applying load; a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the bottom surface of each side rolling cross beam and the platform, a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the front, the adjustable supporting device and the platform, and a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the back, the adjustable supporting device and the platform; the load is applied to the right end of the side rolling cross beam to form a deflection side rolling load, so that fatigue tests are simultaneously carried out on a plurality of side rolling resistant torsion bars, and a single-point bidirectional loading test is carried out on the side rolling resistant torsion bars under a real working condition.
The oil-containing sliding shaft sleeve and the self-lubricating bearing are adopted to replace the traditional joint bearing, and the rotating shaft and the side rolling cross beams which are assembled side by side are utilized for assembly; a hydraulic oil cylinder (vertical oil cylinder) with hinged devices at the tail part and the front end is designed to apply tension and compression loads to the right ends of side rolling cross beams, and meanwhile, the two side rolling cross beams are driven to perform a bidirectional loading test at one time by utilizing the advantages of large output load and high frequency of the hydraulic oil cylinder; the requirement that the center distance of a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar connecting rod assembly is longitudinally adjustable is met by transversely arranging a T-shaped groove on the bottom surface of the side-rolling cross beam and installing a T-shaped installation block in the T-shaped groove; the adjustable and positioning of the longitudinal installation distance is realized by moving the T-shaped installation block and utilizing the scale fixed on the side rolling cross beam, so that the suspension and fixation of the anti-side rolling torsion bars of various different models are realized, and the aim of improving the fatigue test efficiency is fulfilled.
The anti-side rolling torsion bar fatigue test device is adopted for testing.
The method for prolonging the fatigue life of the lever mechanism comprises the following steps: mounting holes are processed in the middle and two ends of the side rolling cross beam, shaft sleeves are assembled in a tight fit mode, then self-lubricating bearings are pressed in the shaft sleeves, the inner oil storage grooves, the outer oil storage grooves and the through holes of the self-lubricating bearings are fully coated with lubricating oil, and the middle through holes of the self-lubricating bearings extend to the outer side of the top surface of the cross beam through oil filling pipes; the rotating shaft is assembled with the self-lubricating bearing in an interference fit manner; the rotating support is designed into a two-half structure, two side rolling beams are respectively installed, the side rolling beams assembled with the rotating shaft are integrally hung on the rotating support from the upper part, the rotating shaft is clamped by using an upper cover plate of the rotating support and a bolt and is fixed by the bolt, meanwhile, limiting notches are processed on two sides of the left end of the rotating shaft, limiting blocks are installed in the limiting notches and are fixed on two sides of the rotating support by the bolt, the rotating shaft is prevented from moving, and meanwhile, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fastened; set up the runner structure on the axle sleeve: the hollow cylindrical shaft sleeve is processed by brass, through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve simultaneously, the through holes are used for connecting the through holes, the whole-area self-lubricating and heat dissipation of a bearing are realized, and meanwhile, the through holes in the middle of the shaft sleeve are connected with an external oil injection pipe, so that lubricating oil can be supplemented timely. Compare traditional slide bearing, have self-lubricating, good heat dissipation, simple structure, advantage that fatigue life is high.
The following provides a further description of the main features and inventive aspects of the present invention by comparison with the prior art:
1. the existing anti-rolling torsion bar test technologies are mostly 3 types, namely single-point one-way, two-point two-way and three-point three-way. The single-point unidirectional loading test is to fix one end of the anti-rolling torsion bar and test the mechanical property of the anti-rolling torsion bar by applying a load to the right end through the oil cylinder. The two-point bidirectional loading test is to test the mechanical property of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar by carrying out bidirectional loading on two hydraulic oil cylinders or designing a mode of driving a lever by an eccentric wheel. The three-point three-way loading test is to test the mechanical property of the anti-rolling torsion bar by applying loads in the vertical two sides and the horizontal three directions of the anti-rolling torsion bar through three hydraulic cylinders or designing two vertical and horizontal mechanical loading devices.
The invention provides a hydraulic type anti-side-rolling torsion bar single-point bidirectional loading assembly test device and method. A double-beam lever mechanism is designed, two groups of two-way loaded or four one-way loaded anti-side-rolling torsion bars are installed, and a hydraulic oil cylinder (vertical oil cylinder) applies load to the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism to enable a double-beam lever to form deflection side-rolling load to test one or more anti-side-rolling torsion bars. The mode has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability and fatigue life, small occupied test resource, improved test efficiency and shortened development period.
2. The existing lever mechanism is generally characterized in that roller bearings are arranged in the middle and at two ends of a deflection cross beam and are matched with a core shaft, or the traditional pin hole matching is adopted to realize the deflection motion of the cross beam and the core shaft. The structure has the defects of poor bearing structure, heat dissipation and self-lubricating performance and the like, so that the fatigue life is difficult to meet the test requirement.
The invention provides a device and a method for prolonging the fatigue life of a lever mechanism. The installation holes are processed at the middle and two ends of the side rolling cross beam, the shaft sleeves are assembled in a tight fit mode, then a novel self-lubricating bearing is pressed in the shaft sleeves, the inner oil storage groove and the outer oil storage groove of the self-lubricating bearing are fully coated with lubricating oil, and the through hole extends to the outer surface of the side rolling cross beam through the oil injection pipe in the middle of the bearing. The axis of rotation is with transition fit mode and self-lubricating bearing assembly, can the free rotation, the rotation support designs into a two halves structure (half installation side roll crossbeam, another half installation side roll crossbeam), the side roll crossbeam of having installed the axis of rotation wholly hoists on rotating the support from rotating the support top, utilize and rotate support upper cover plate and bolt clamp tight axis of rotation and pass through the bolt fastening, axis of rotation left end both sides processing has spacing breach simultaneously, install the stopper in spacing breach and rotate the support both sides through the bolt fastening, prevent the axis of rotation drunkenness, the fastening at axis of rotation both ends has been realized again simultaneously.
3. The existing sliding bearing is generally of a solid structure without holes drilled on the surface of a cylinder, and the structure is poor in heat dissipation and self-lubricating performance and easy to wear.
The invention provides a novel self-lubricating bearing and a flow passage structure. The design one kind is by the hollow cylinder axle sleeve that brass processing formed, at the surface of axle sleeve evenly distributed through-hole, simultaneously in the axle sleeve inside and outside surface processing have the arc passageway, be used for connect the through-hole, realize the self-lubricating of bearing full area and heat dissipation, simultaneously middle through-hole and external notes oil union coupling, in time supplementary lubricating oil compares traditional slide bearing, has self-lubricating, good heat dissipation, simple structure, advantage that fatigue life is high.
4. The existing test of adopting a lever mechanism to load an anti-side-rolling torsion bar is mostly applied to a mechanical fatigue testing machine, the load output by a mechanical eccentric wheel mechanism is generally small, and only a single-beam lever mechanism can be driven to carry out the fatigue test on the anti-side-rolling torsion bar, and a mechanism rotary hinge device mostly adopts a joint bearing, so that the defects of large test noise, low fatigue life and the like are caused.
The invention provides a novel double-beam lever mechanism, a multipoint suspension test device and a method. Two parallel groups of side rolling crossbeams are designed to be supported by a trapezoidal support (a rotating support), an oil-containing sliding shaft sleeve and a self-lubricating bearing are adopted to replace a traditional joint bearing, and a rotating shaft and the groups are assembled on the side rolling crossbeams to form a novel double-crossbeam lever mechanism. The hydraulic oil cylinders with hinged tail parts and hinged front ends are designed to apply tension and compression loads to the right ends of the side rolling cross beams of the double-cross-beam lever mechanism, and meanwhile the two side rolling cross beams are driven to perform a bidirectional loading test at one time by utilizing the advantages of large output load and high frequency of the hydraulic oil cylinders. The mode has low test noise and long fatigue life. The multipoint suspension test device and the multipoint suspension test method are characterized in that a T-shaped groove used for adjusting the transverse installation distance is designed at the lower end of a side rolling cross beam, a T-shaped installation block matched with the T-shaped groove of the side rolling cross beam is also designed, U-shaped holes are formed in two sides of the lower end portion of the T-shaped installation block, the requirement that the center distance of a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of a connecting rod is longitudinally adjustable is met, the upper end of the T-shaped installation block is fixedly connected with the T-shaped groove through a T-shaped bolt and a nut, and the T-shaped installation block is provided with a scale fixed on the side rolling cross beam to achieve adjustment and positioning of the longitudinal installation distance of the T-shaped installation.
5. The prior art can only fatigue one type of anti-side rolling torsion bar at a time, and each type of anti-side rolling torsion bar needs to be designed with different test tools.
The invention provides a novel device and a method for testing fatigue of a multi-model mixed assembly of an anti-rolling torsion bar. The upper double-beam double-T-shaped groove independent double-beam lever mechanism is designed, a multi-point fixed test platform is arranged below the upper double-beam double-T-shaped groove independent double-beam lever mechanism, the upper side rolling beam is used for fixing a left connecting rod and a right connecting rod of an anti-side rolling torsion bar, the lower platform is used for fixing a supporting seat of the anti-side rolling torsion bar, during testing, the anti-side rolling torsion bars of different models are subjected to test installation according to the position after the side rolling angle is converted through a universal test tool, and a vertical oil cylinder is used for driving the deflection angle generated by the double-beam lever mechanism to perform fatigue test on the anti-.
6. In the prior art, a single-end unidirectional loading test of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar generally adopts the mode that a torsion arm at one end is fixed with a test platform in a traditional pressing strip mode, and a load is applied to a connecting rod at the other end to carry out a fatigue test.
The invention provides a novel adjustable supporting device and method for single-end fixing of an anti-rolling torsion bar. The supporting device with the adjustable vertical height and the adjustable transverse installation center distance is designed, original torsion arms are directly fixed and converted into the supporting device which is hung through the connecting rods and the adjustable supporting device, the actual loading working condition of a vehicle is simulated, and the supporting device with the adjustable vertical height and the adjustable transverse installation center distance can meet the hanging requirements of the connecting rods with different lengths and different models.
7. The invention provides a novel anti-rolling torsion bar hydraulic closed-loop control to replace a mechanical open-loop control. At present, 2 common control modes in the field of automation control are closed-loop control and open-loop control respectively, wherein the closed-loop control comprises the following steps: in the feedback control system, the controlled variable is fed to the input end and compared with the set value, and the controlled variable is controlled according to the deviation, so that the whole system forms a closed loop. The advantage is that the deviation is controlled according to the deviation, so that the deviation is reduced or eliminated, and the purpose that the controlled variable is consistent with the set value is achieved. Open-loop control: the controlled variable is not required to be measured and is only controlled according to the input signal, and the defect that the controlled variable is not measured and is not compared with the set variable, and the controlled variable deviates from the target value after the system is interfered. Although the existing mechanical anti-rolling torsion bar fatigue testing machine can perform a bidirectional loading fatigue test, the existing mechanical anti-rolling torsion bar fatigue testing machine cannot perform a bidirectional loading rigidity test because the existing mechanical anti-rolling torsion bar fatigue testing machine is an open loop control testing device which only can output mechanical displacement, and when the mechanical fastener loosens to cause the displacement to change, the output displacement value can deviate from a set target value due to the fact that no feedback of the displacement and a load exists, and the accuracy of test data is influenced. More importantly, the device cannot collect load and displacement data and cannot perform a rigidity test. Therefore, the single-point bidirectional loading test of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar needs to design a hydraulic test device with a closed-loop control function to replace the existing mechanical test device, realize the acquisition of displacement and load test data, simultaneously complete the comparison of load and displacement feedback values and set values to form a closed loop, perform the single-point bidirectional loading rigidity or fatigue test of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar, and greatly improve the accuracy of test data.
The invention provides a novel fatigue test technical scheme of an anti-side-rolling torsion bar, which is used for carrying out a single-point bidirectional loading fatigue test on the anti-side-rolling torsion bar and testing the fatigue performance of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar under different working conditions. The successful implementation of the invention fills the blank of the technical field, and provides a set of test device and method for the test of the anti-rolling torsion bar.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fatigue test device for an anti-rolling torsion bar comprises a platform and a force applying device arranged on the right part of the platform, and is characterized by also comprising a double-beam lever mechanism arranged on the platform and an adjustable supporting device arranged on the left part of the platform; the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism is connected with a force application device; an adjustable supporting device is respectively installed in the front and the rear near the left end of the double-beam lever mechanism: respectively a front adjustable supporting device and a rear adjustable supporting device;
the anti-side-rolling torsion bar comprises a torsion bar shaft, a torsion arm, two supporting seats and two connecting rod assemblies, wherein each connecting rod assembly comprises a connecting rod upper end spherical hinge core shaft, and the anti-side-rolling torsion bar is four in total: the torsion bar comprises a first anti-side-rolling torsion bar, a second anti-side-rolling torsion bar, a third anti-side-rolling torsion bar and a fourth anti-side-rolling torsion bar; the double-beam lever mechanism comprises a side rolling beam, a rotating support, a rotating shaft, a rotating hinge shaft, a mounting seat and a suspension device arranged on the platform; the adjustable supporting device comprises an adjustable supporting rod arranged on the platform, a movable cross beam arranged at the upper end of the adjustable supporting rod, and a fixing device arranged on the movable cross beam;
the rotating support is arranged at the middle position above the platform, and the side rolling beams are two: a front roll bar located at the front and a rear roll bar located at the rear; the two side rolling beams are arranged in parallel front and back, the middle points of the two side rolling beams are both arranged on the rotating support through rotating shafts, and the right ends of the two side rolling beams are both connected with a force application device through rotating hinged shafts; the bottom surface of each side rolling beam is provided with three mounting seats for connecting a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of a connecting rod;
three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the front side rolling beam sequentially comprise from left to right: the front mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rotating support left side the front mounting base two and be located the rotating support right side the front mounting base three, and the side rolls a crossbeam place ahead left side right and is equipped with two linkage in the front on the platform: the front mounting seat II, the front mounting seat III, the front suspension device II and the front suspension device III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of a first anti-side-rolling torsion bar and two supporting seats;
three mounting seats on the bottom surface of the rear side rolling beam sequentially from left to right: the rear mounting base that is located the rotating support left side is first, be located the rear mounting base two of rotating support left side and be located the rear mounting base three of rotating support right side, is equipped with two linkage on the platform at a rear side roll crossbeam rear left side right: the rear mounting seat II, the rear mounting seat III, the rear mounting seat II and the rear mounting seat III are respectively connected with spherical hinge mandrels at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar II and two ends of a torsion bar shaft;
a suspension device is arranged on the platform below the left end of the front side rolling beam: a first front suspension device; the platform below the movable beam of the front adjustable supporting device is provided with a suspension device: a front suspension device IV; the front mounting seat I, the fixing device of the front adjustable supporting device, the front suspension device I and the front suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge mandrel at the upper ends of two connecting rods of a third anti-side-rolling torsion bar and two supporting seats;
a suspension device is arranged below the platform near the left end of the rear side rolling beam: a first rear suspension device; a suspension device is arranged on the platform below the movable beam of the rear adjustable supporting device: a fourth rear suspension device; the rear mounting seat I, the fixing device of the rear adjustable supporting device, the rear suspension device I and the rear suspension device IV are respectively connected with a spherical hinge mandrel at the upper ends of two connecting rods of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar IV and two supporting seats.
2. The anti-roll torsion bar fatigue test device of claim 1, wherein the dual beam lever mechanism further comprises a shaft sleeve, an oil injection pipe, M16 fastening bolts, a self-lubricating bearing, a limiting block, M10 fastening bolts; the rotating shaft is arranged on the rotating support through a self-lubricating bearing and a shaft sleeve; through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve and are connected with the through holes, the through hole in the middle of the shaft sleeve is connected with an oil injection pipe, and a pipe orifice at the upper end of the oil injection pipe extends out of the surface of the side rolling cross beam; the periphery of the end part of the rotating shaft is also provided with a limiting block, the limiting block is fixed on the rotating support through an M10 fastening bolt, and the shaft sleeve is fixed on the rotating support through an M16 fastening bolt.
3. The fatigue test device for the torsion bar against rolling sideways as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling side beam is rectangular, the bottom surface of the rolling side beam is provided with a T-shaped groove along the length direction, the mounting seat is a T-shaped mounting block matched with the T-shaped groove, the upper end of the T-shaped mounting block is mounted in the T-shaped groove, and the left and right sides of the lower end part of the T-shaped mounting block are provided with U-shaped holes; a scale used for installing and positioning the T-shaped installation block is arranged on the side rolling beam, a fastening bolt used for fixing the T-shaped installation block is further arranged on the T-shaped installation block, and when the fastening bolt is loosened, the T-shaped installation block can move in the T-shaped groove;
the longitudinal section of the rotating support is trapezoidal.
4. The fatigue testing apparatus for a torsion bar against rolling sideways as set forth in claim 1, wherein the number of the adjustable support rods is four, the movable cross member is provided at a middle portion thereof with elongated through holes along a front-rear direction for mounting the fixing means, the fixing means is mounted at the elongated through holes by bolts, and the fixing means can move back and forth in the elongated through holes when the bolts are loosened.
5. The fatigue test device for the anti-rolling torsion bar of claim 1, wherein the force applying device comprises a side frame, a top beam, a fixed frame, a vertical cylinder and a vertical column; the side frame and the upright post are arranged on the platform in tandem, and the top beam is arranged at the top ends of the side frame and the upright post through a fixed frame; the vertical oil cylinder is connected below the middle part of the top cross beam; the right end of the double-beam lever mechanism is connected with a vertical oil cylinder.
6. The fatigue test device for the anti-rolling torsion bar of claim 5, wherein the force applying device further comprises a tail ball head, a displacement sensor arranged beside the vertical oil cylinder and a load sensor arranged at the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder; the vertical oil cylinder is connected with the top cross beam through a tail ball head.
7. A fatigue test method for an anti-side-rolling torsion bar is characterized in that the middle points of two side-rolling cross beams which are assembled side by side front and back are hinged on the same rotating support, the rotating support is arranged on a platform, the platform in front of and behind the left end of the side-rolling cross beam is respectively provided with an adjustable supporting device, and the right end of the side-rolling cross beam is connected with a force-applying device for applying load; a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the bottom surface of each side rolling cross beam and the platform, a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the front, the adjustable supporting device and the platform, and a side rolling resistant torsion bar is connected between the side rolling cross beam in the back, the adjustable supporting device and the platform; the right end of the side rolling cross beam is loaded to form a deflection side rolling load, so that a plurality of side rolling resistant torsion bars are subjected to a fatigue test at the same time, and a real working condition is simulated to carry out a single-point bidirectional loading test on the side rolling resistant torsion bars;
testing is carried out by using the anti-rolling torsion bar fatigue testing device of claim 1;
mounting holes are processed in the middle and two ends of the side rolling cross beam, shaft sleeves are assembled in a tight fit mode, then self-lubricating bearings are pressed in the shaft sleeves, the inner oil storage grooves, the outer oil storage grooves and the through holes of the self-lubricating bearings are fully coated with lubricating oil, and the middle through holes of the self-lubricating bearings extend to the outer side of the top surface of the cross beam through oil filling pipes; the rotating shaft is assembled with the self-lubricating bearing in an interference fit manner; the rotating support is designed into a two-half structure, two side rolling beams are respectively installed, the side rolling beams assembled with the rotating shaft are integrally hung on the rotating support from the upper part, the rotating shaft is clamped by using an upper cover plate of the rotating support and a bolt and is fixed by the bolt, meanwhile, limiting notches are processed on two sides of the left end of the rotating shaft, limiting blocks are installed in the limiting notches and are fixed on two sides of the rotating support by the bolt, the rotating shaft is prevented from moving, and meanwhile, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fastened; set up the runner structure on the axle sleeve: the hollow cylindrical shaft sleeve is processed by brass, through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shaft sleeve, arc-shaped channels are processed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve simultaneously, the through holes are used for connecting the through holes, the whole-area self-lubricating and heat dissipation of a bearing are realized, and meanwhile, the through holes in the middle of the shaft sleeve are connected with an external oil injection pipe, so that lubricating oil can be supplemented timely.
8. The fatigue test method for an anti-rolling torsion bar according to claim 7, wherein the conventional knuckle bearing is replaced by an oil-impregnated sliding bush and a self-lubricating bearing, and a rotating shaft and side-by-side paired side-rolling crossbeams are used for assembly; designing a hydraulic oil cylinder with hinged devices at the tail part and the front end to apply tension and compression loads to the right ends of the side rolling cross beams, and driving the two side rolling cross beams to perform a bidirectional loading test by using the hydraulic oil cylinder at one time; the requirement that the center distance of a spherical hinge core shaft at the upper end of the anti-side-rolling torsion bar connecting rod assembly is longitudinally adjustable is met by transversely arranging a T-shaped groove on the bottom surface of the side-rolling cross beam and installing a T-shaped installation block in the T-shaped groove; the adjustable and positioning of the longitudinal installation distance is realized by moving the T-shaped installation block and utilizing the scale fixed on the side rolling cross beam, so that the suspension and fixation of the anti-side rolling torsion bars of various different models are realized, and the aim of improving the fatigue test efficiency is fulfilled.
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| CN110118652B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-03-12 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Suspension monorail car workshop shock absorber loading test device and method |
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| US5678845A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-10-21 | Reyco Industries, Inc. | Stabilizer for a steer axle air ride suspension of a vehicle |
| CN201266156Y (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2009-07-01 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Fatigue tester for anti side rolling rod for rail traffic |
| CN202583015U (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-12-05 | 梁有志 | Two-dimensional combined loading fatigue testing machine of torsion bar system |
| CN102874271B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-07-22 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Anti-side-rolling torsion bar composed device for rail vehicle |
| CN104180991B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 陈凯 | Comprehensive performance testing machine for ultra-high speed oil bearing |
| CN204612942U (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-rolling torsion bar system test unit |
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| CN206813017U (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-12-29 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-rolling torsion bar for railway vehicle component |
| CN207481911U (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-06-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of rail vehicle truck anti-side rolling torsion rod |
| CN207807510U (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-04 | 天津津晨汽车缸盖有限公司 | Auto parts and components clamp system |
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