CN109283584A - Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method and device applied to three-dimensional physical simulation - Google Patents
Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method and device applied to three-dimensional physical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation, establishes model: according to the ratio between oil reservoir to be simulated and formwork erection type yet to be built, the property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis being mapped to described in established model, obtain oil reservoir to be simulated；Simulation oil well is installed: simulation installation injection well and extraction well in the simulation oil reservoir, and distribution type fiber-optic is installed in the injection well and extraction well side respectively, to acquire the frequency of sound wave under the corresponding underground difference condition of production of the model.The method of the invention carries out three-dimensional physical model design according to oil field actual conditions, based on similarity criterion, determines the shape and function of three-dimensional physical model experimental provision；Then physical simulation experiment method of the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test in developing of reservoirs is determined, to instruct subsequent experimental scheme, obtain the frequency of sound wave under Different Strata complex situations, sonic data library is further constructed, provides theoretical direction for distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology mining site practice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method and device applied to three-dimensional physical simulation, belongs to stone
The technical field of oily industry oil-gas field development.
Background technique
With the continuous progress of oilfield prospecting developing, oil-gas reservoir exploitation difficulty is gradually increased, in order to further increase difficulty
The recovery percent of oil reservoir is employed, pit shaft monitors more and more important with Reservoir performance.Pass through the monitoring of oil/gas well, analyzing oil and gas hiding
Subsurface picture solves the problems, such as that oil-gas reservoir exists so that specific aim takes measures, and improves oil recovery factor.
Wherein, Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques employed in monitoring have measurement accuracy it is high, not by electromagnetic interference, non-connect
Touch measurement, simple installation are easy to the permanent monitoring and other advantages in underground, therefore obtain in oilfield exploitation procedure more and more
Utilization.Current stage is distributed formula Fiber Optic Pyrometer, distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology with more mature technology
It is quite mature Deng, distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology, and largely used, but Fiber Optic Pyrometer is only to temperature
It is sensitive and there are hysteresis effects, to underground Reservoir performance judge in terms of there is apparent limitation, compared to distribution type fiber-optic survey
For temperature technique, distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology have measurement distance, response time fast, strong real-time, high reliablity,
The advantages that essential safety and long service life.Therefore distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology is considered most potential downhole detection skill
Art gradually applies in the detection of oil/gas well.Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology be by underground different situations sound wave monitoring,
According to the difference of down hole problem frequency of sound wave, so that different pore structures are analyzed, different flow characteristics and its different cracks
Form.
In the prior art, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology has been applied among scene.However, existing
The parameter that monitors still can not accurately carry out corresponding with actual formation parameter in, cause technology to hinder subsequent research
Hinder.
For this purpose, research direction is focused on simulated experiment stage, i.e. distribution type fiber-optic cement bond logging by the technical team of applicant
Examination technology carries out a large amount of physical simulation experiments, is tested by three-dimensional physical simulation before applying to scene, and it is practical to simulate scene
Situation constructs sonic data library to seek the corresponding relationship of frequency of sound wave from different underground situations, to transport for subsequent mining site
With preparing.
Three-dimensional physical simulation experiment still without distribution type fiber-optic sonic test Technology application into oil and gas detection at present
Device and experimental method.In order to be pushed further into utilization of the optical fiber sonic test technology in the mining site of oil field, accelerate intelligent carburetion
The step in field solves the problems, such as that optical fiber sonic test technology physics are simulated, constructs frequency of sound wave and down hole problem database,
It needs to design a kind of three-dimensional physical simulation experimental provision and carries out optical fiber sound wave monitoring and oil reservoir development dynamic experiment, furthermore need
The experiment of contrived experiment guide for method is carried out and obtains the frequency of sound wave under different situations.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of distribution type fiber-optic cement bond loggings applied to three-dimensional physical simulation
Method for testing.
The present invention also proposes to realize the device of above-mentioned test method.
Wherein, the present invention is tested for current distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology in Reservoir Development three-dimensional physical simulation
It is middle with there are the problem of include:
(1) theoretical research in oil/gas well monitoring of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology is less, and different underground situations are corresponding
Frequency of sound wave range need further experiment to verify；
(2) laboratory experiment is carried out without molding three-dimensional physical model design method and threedimensional model, experiment can not be passed through
Different Strata frequency of sound wave is obtained, sonic data library can not be constructed；
(3) Different Strata situation is simulated without reasonable experimental design method, it is real lacks the physical analogy of optical fiber sonic test
Proved recipe case theoretical direction.
Firstly, carrying out three-dimensional physical model design according to oil field actual conditions based on the theory of similarity, determining three dimensional physical
The shape and function of bath scaled model experimental device；Then, it is based on three-dimensional physical model, carries out the physical analogy of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test
Experimental designs determine physical simulation experiment method of the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test in developing of reservoirs, thus
Subsequent experimental scheme is instructed, the frequency of sound wave under Different Strata complex situations is obtained, further constructs sonic data library, for distribution
Formula optical fiber sonic test technology mining site practice provides theoretical direction.Current distribution type fiber-optic sound wave is solved by the above method
Measuring technology in the experiment of Reservoir Development three-dimensional physical simulation with there are the problem of, it is real to design a kind of three-dimensional physical simulation
Experiment device and experimental method, thus by optical fiber sonic test Technology application into oil/gas well dynamic detection, to obtain underground not
With the frequency of sound wave under complex situations, handled for follow-up data, flow through oil reservoir signature analysis and reservoir reconstruction effect assessment do standard
It is standby, China's oil-gas field development is further instructed, original recovery ratio is improved.
The detailed technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation, it is characterised in that:
Establish model: according to the ratio between oil reservoir to be simulated and formwork erection type yet to be built, by the property and Pore genesis of oil reservoir
It is mapped to described in established model, obtain oil reservoir to be simulated；Simulating similar Design is the theoretical basis based on the theory of similarity, the side of passing through
Journey analytic approach and dimensional method derive dust suppression by spraying, to meet physical model and actual formation geometry, movement and power
Etc. it is similar, after similar Design, the various aspects such as moulded dimension, injection rate, displacement time, temperature and pressure will meet phase
Like property, the accuracy for ensuring to test with this.Physical model similar Design based on the theory of similarity is equal in many documents and patent
It is embodied, is the technology of current comparative maturity；
Wherein, the reservoir properties include: the uniform sanding of single layer, the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer；
Simulation oil well is installed: simulation installation injection well and extraction well in the simulation oil reservoir, and respectively in the injection
Distribution type fiber-optic is installed in well and extraction well side, for acquiring sound wave, to acquire the corresponding underground difference condition of production of the model
Under frequency of sound wave.
Preferred according to the present invention, the test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: will collect mould
Frequency of sound wave in type carries out corresponding storage with the property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis respectively, forms model sonic data library.
It is preferred according to the present invention, when establishing model, the development scheme of well pattern is mapped to described in established model.
Preferred according to the present invention, the test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: will collect mould
Frequency of sound wave in type carries out corresponding storage with the development scheme of the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis and well pattern respectively, forms model
Sonic data library.
It is preferred according to the present invention, when establishing model, the single-phase flow under different fracture patterns is reflected with multiphase flow situation
It is mapped to described in established model.
Preferred according to the present invention, the test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: will collect mould
Frequency of sound wave in type respectively from the single-phase flow under the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis, the development scheme of well pattern, different fracture patterns
Corresponding storage is carried out with multiphase flow situation, forms model sonic data library.
It is preferred according to the present invention, according to practical oil reservoir situation is simulated, the uniform sanding of single layer is specifically segmented are as follows: single berth
Sand thickness, uniform sanding density, gravel parameter；The heterogeneous sanding of multilayer is specifically segmented are as follows: every layer of sanding thickness, the number of plies, every
The uniform sanding density of layer, every layer of gravel parameter.Due to needing oil reservoir situation to be simulated ever-changing, it is therefore desirable to constantly adjustment oil
Then the case where hiding, obtains Pore genesis using the prior art, collects different simulation oil reservoir situations in conjunction with distribution type fiber-optic
Sonic data.
A kind of above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic sonic test is in the application method for detecting practical oil reservoir:
The injection well of practical oil reservoir and extraction well are installed into distribution type fiber-optic respectively, and adopted in real time by acquisition device
Collect its corresponding sonic data；
The sonic data of actual acquisition and the frequency of sound wave in model sonic data library are compared；
Finally obtain the property and Pore genesis that oil reservoir is matched with practical oil reservoir.
Realize the device of above-mentioned test method, comprising:
The experiment cavity that is unidirectionally open is provided with upper top cover over said opening, between the upper top cover and experiment cavity
It is bolted sealed connection, perforation is provided with the hole passed through for simulation wellbore hole and optical fiber on the upper top cover.
The shape of the experiment cavity, the size for testing cavity can carry out three-dimensional physical model progress based on similarity criterion
Design.The purpose of physical simulation experiment is to reproduce practical oil-gas reservoir as far as possible by the physical model after reducing, in conjunction with practical oil
Gas reservoir situation, by simulating lab test, analyzing oil and gas hides development behavior feature, to formulate real according to Physical Experiment conclusion
Border oil reservoir development scheme, further instructs oil-gas field development.The correctness of Physical Experiment relies on the theory of similarity, therefore is carrying out object
Before managing modelling, dust suppression by spraying calculating need to be carried out, it is similar to actual formation to seek physical model by similar calculating
Property, reflect actual formation form.The actual size of physical model also needs to consider laboratory experiment condition, rationally controls similar
Than.
After determining physical model size, carry out physical model cavity design: three-dimensional physical model is using square figure
Cavity, cavity use stainless steel material, and square wall thickness is in 3cm or more, it is ensured that square cavity has certain intensity, experiment
It does not deform in the process.Preferably, the square cavity upper design has 12 threaded holes, uniform cloth on each side of cavity
4 holes are set, square cavity schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1；
Design has upper top cover on square experiment cavity, and upper top cover is similarly stainless steel material, and thickness is in 3cm or more.
The wellbore number of the simulation wellbore hole is 9, can select well pattern form, selection switch well according to Physical Experiment needs
Number obtain the acoustic signals under different development schemes to simulate the Reservoir Development under different well pattern forms.
It is preferred according to the present invention, the upper top cover is provided with trapezoidal protrusion, and trapezoidal raised surrounding design has cushion rubber.
To guarantee three-dimensional physical model upper top cover and test the leakproofness of cavity.The schematic diagram of upper top cover is as shown in Fig. 2, its bottom surface shows
It is intended to that combine assembling schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5 as shown in figure 3, its side schematic view is as shown in figure 4, upper top cover is with cavity is tested.
Preferred according to the present invention, the experiment cavity is positive cube shape.Present invention determine that selecting setting for square cavity
Meter is due in conjunction with actual formation form Design: can simulate Different Strata by square cavity, Different Strata tilts
The conventional formation condition such as degree.In addition, by square cavity convenient for development features under the different well pattern structures of simulation, such as five-spot
The case where well pattern, 9 method well patterns, a note one are adopted, a note is adopted more.There are also be exactly square cavity convenient for matrix sillar etc. other
The filling of packing material is carried out convenient for subsequent experimental.
Preferred according to the present invention, the range of the inside side length of the experiment cavity is 40-100cm.
The method for carrying out distribution type fiber-optic sonic test using above-mentioned experimental provision, specifically includes:
Based on three-dimensional physical model, distribution type fiber-optic sonic test physical simulation experiment conceptual design is carried out, determines distribution
Physical simulation experiment method of the formula optical fiber sonic test in developing of reservoirs:
Straight well development scheme is adopted using a note one, injection well and producing well are respectively disposed with distribution type fiber-optic, to analyze
Injection profile and production profile frequency of sound wave, simulate oil reservoir by taking the square cavity of side length 50cm as an example, by laying different mesh
Several quartz sand or Fractured sillar simulate Different Strata type, by laying impervious pottery mud or glass plate simulation every folder
Layer；
By carrying out single-phase flow and multiphase flow physics under different seepage flow modes, different pore structures, different fracture patterns
Simulated experiment obtains the acoustic signals under different situations, further handles acoustic signals, obtain the sound under different situations
Wave frequency range constructs sonic data library.
Preferred according to the present invention, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes single-phase flow experimental method:
1-1) the uniform sanding of single layer
The uniform sanding experiment of single layer is carried out first, and the quartz sand of same mesh number, simulated formation feelings are laid in experiment cavity
Condition adopts development scheme using a note one, and different perforating modes, respectively bottom perforations, middle part are arranged in injection well and output well
Perforation, top perforation and multiple layer combination perforating modes carry out sonic test experiment under different perforating modes, obtain difference and penetrate
Acoustic signals under the mode of hole；It can also the analysis of further progress acoustic signals；
1-2) the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer
Quartz sand by laying different meshes simulates the stratum of different permeabilities, embodies oil reservoir vertical heterogeneity, into
Note under the different perforating modes of row adopts experiment, arranges optical fiber on pit shaft, obtains corresponding acoustic signals, and research stratum is longitudinally non-equal
Influence of the matter to acoustic signals, obtains corresponding frequency of sound wave.
It is preferred according to the present invention, in step 1-2), in order to further simulate different permeability formations to acoustic signals
Influence, infused by single layer adopt experiment at this time, simulate different permeability formations every interlayer by pottery mud filling simulation between each layer
Development situation obtains different permeability formations acoustic signals；It can also the analysis of further progress frequency of sound wave.In addition, different infiltrations
Different flow is further arranged during carrying out note and adopting experiment in rate stratum, the corresponding acoustic signals of research different flow, from
And study influence of the flow to frequency of sound wave.The non-homogeneous sanding schematic diagram of multilayer is as shown in Figure 6.
It is preferred according to the present invention, the single-phase flow experimental method further include:
Step 1-3) different pore structures reservoir sonic test；Practical oil reservoir is not only single pore media oil reservoir, also
Double Porosity Reservoir is had, when fluid flows in different aperture medium, corresponding frequency of sound wave is different, in order to obtain different holes
Gap medium fluid flows corresponding frequency of sound wave, needs to carry out physical simulation experiment, and the present invention is directed to different pore structure classes
Type carries out following design；
Simulate Double Porosity Reservoir: the Double Porosity Reservoir is made of matrix and crack dual pore structure system, fortune
Simulate matrix sillar with square sillar, size, the identical square sillar of material be stitched together, the sillar and sillar it
Between hole be used for simulation fracture system, uniform fractue spacing dual media pore structure is constituted with this, later carry out physics mould
Draft experiment.Drilling processing is carried out in the middle part of injection well and output well position matrix sillar, the purpose of this design is, guarantees injection
Well and producing well pass through matrix sillar, to produce in predetermined position perforation.Uniform fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram
As shown in Figure 7.
Consider dual media RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE complexity, actual formation distribution situations of cracks will not uniformity, therefore
It selects an appropriate number of big matrix sillar to simulate low fracture development density case, physical simulation experiment is carried out with this, obtains sound wave
Test signal.Uneven fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 8.
Preferred according to the present invention, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes two phase flow experimental method:
Crude oil is saturated to three-dimensional physical model first, a note one is carried out later and adopts water drive experiment, pass through distribution type fiber-optic sound
Wave test, obtains the acoustic signals under the heterogeneous sanding of uniform sanding, multilayer, dual media pore structure, further analysis oil
Frequency of sound wave during water two phase fluid flow under different situations.
It is preferred according to the present invention, in the two phase flow experimental method, above-mentioned two-phase is carried out using the development scheme of water drive
Stream experiment.
Preferred according to the present invention, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes that further simulation gas and oil two-phase is real
It tests:
After being saturated crude oil, CO2 displacement is carried out, by the acoustic signals during distributed optical fiber sensing gas drive,
It obtains gas and oil two-phase and participates in corresponding frequency of sound wave when seepage flow, for supplementing frequency of sound wave database.
Preferred according to the present invention, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes Seepage Experiment after hydraulic fracturing:
After pressure break, there are complex fracture networks around pit shaft, therefore drill and accumulate by near wellbore sillar
Artificial fracturing crack is simulated, model central region fills quartz sand and simulates subsurface picture, and fracture simulation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 9.
It is preferred according to the present invention, after hydraulic fracturing in Seepage Experiment, in addition, in order to further simulate fracturing fracture shape
Big matrix sillar is carried out external force crushing by state, and complex fracture network, further simulates different fracture patterns near simulation wellbore hole.
Such situation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 10.
For low-permeability oil deposit, in order to further increase oil recovery factor, need through the method for hydraulic fracturing in pit shaft
Surrounding produces man-made fracture, improves near wellbore percolation ability with this.Fortune of the optical fiber sensing technology in terms of hydraulic fracturing monitoring
With also more and more, and different fracture patterns corresponds to the intensity of different acoustic signals, also just corresponds to different sound wave frequencies
Rate section, it is therefore necessary to determine the relationship of frequency of sound wave and fracture pattern by the method for physical simulation experiment, be split to be subsequent
Seam morphological analysis is prepared.
Present invention has an advantage that
1, the method for the invention carries out three-dimensional physical model design based on similarity criterion, really according to oil field actual conditions
Make the shape and function of three-dimensional physical model experimental provision；Then, it is based on three-dimensional physical model, carries out distribution type fiber-optic sound wave
Physical simulation experiment conceptual design is tested, determines that physical analogy of the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test in developing of reservoirs is real
Proved recipe method obtains the frequency of sound wave under Different Strata complex situations, further constructs sound wave number to instruct subsequent experimental scheme
According to library, theoretical direction is provided for distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology mining site practice.
2, experimental provision of the present invention solves current distribution type fiber-optic sonic test technology in oil by the above method
Gas reservoir development three-dimensional physical simulation experiment in there are the problem of, thus optical fiber sonic test Technology application is moved to oil/gas well
In state detection, to obtain the frequency of sound wave under the difference complex situations of underground, handled for follow-up data, flow through oil reservoir signature analysis
And reservoir reconstruction effect assessment is prepared, and China's oil-gas field development is further instructed, and improves original recovery ratio.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of test device of the present invention；
The top view of Fig. 2 upper top cover；
The bottom view of Fig. 3 upper top cover；
The side schematic view of Fig. 4 upper top cover；
The combination assembling schematic diagram of Fig. 5 experiment cavity；
The non-homogeneous sanding schematic diagram of Fig. 6 multilayer；
The uniform fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram of Fig. 7；
The non-homogeneous fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram of Fig. 8；
Fig. 9 fracture simulation schematic diagram of the present invention；
The artificial complex fracture of Figure 10 simulates schematic diagram；
Figure 11 experimental provision connection schematic diagram of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the corresponding experimental procedure flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 5；
In above-mentioned attached drawing, 1, experiment cavity；2, the opening of cavity is tested；3, threaded hole；4, upper top cover；5, bolt；6,
The hole passed through for simulation wellbore hole；7, the hole passed through for distribution type fiber-optic；8, cushion rubber；9, distribution type fiber-optic；10, injection well；11, it produces
Well out；12, oil reservoir is simulated；13, the matrix sillar in oil reservoir is simulated；14, the back-up sand in oil reservoir is simulated；15, complex fracture；16,
Acoustic signals processing equipment；17, metering device；18, intermediate receptacle；19, six-way valve；20, constant-flux pump；21, water tank.
Specific real-time mode
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment and Figure of description, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1,
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation, establishes model: according to simulation oil
The property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis are mapped to described to obtain wait simulate in established model by the ratio between hiding and formwork erection type yet to be built
Oil reservoir；
Wherein, the reservoir properties include: the uniform sanding of single layer, the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer；
Simulation oil well is installed: simulation installation injection well and extraction well in the simulation oil reservoir, and respectively in the injection
Distribution type fiber-optic is installed in well and extraction well side, for acquiring sound wave, to acquire the corresponding underground difference condition of production of the model
Under frequency of sound wave.
The test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: by the frequency of sound wave collected in model point
Corresponding storage is not carried out with the property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis, forms model sonic data library.
According to practical oil reservoir situation is simulated, the uniform sanding of single layer is specifically segmented are as follows: single berth sand thickness, uniform sanding are close
Degree, gravel parameter；The heterogeneous sanding of multilayer is specifically segmented are as follows: every layer of sanding thickness, the number of plies, every layer of uniform sanding density, every
Layer gravel parameter.
Embodiment 2,
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation as described in Example 1, is being established
When model, the development scheme of well pattern is mapped to described in established model.
The test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: by the frequency of sound wave collected in model point
Corresponding storage is not carried out with the development scheme of the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis and well pattern, forms model sonic data library.
Embodiment 3,
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation as described in Example 1, is being established
When model, by under different fracture patterns single-phase flow and multiphase flow situation be mapped to it is described in established model.
The test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: by the frequency of sound wave collected in model point
Not under the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis, the development scheme of well pattern, different fracture patterns single-phase flow and multiphase flow situation carry out
Corresponding storage, forms model sonic data library.
Embodiment 4,
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test as described in embodiment 1-3 is in the application method for detecting practical oil reservoir:
The injection well of practical oil reservoir and extraction well are installed into distribution type fiber-optic respectively, and adopted in real time by acquisition device
Collect its corresponding sonic data；
The sonic data of actual acquisition and the frequency of sound wave in model sonic data library are compared；
Finally obtain the property and Pore genesis that oil reservoir is matched with practical oil reservoir.
Realize the device of above-mentioned test method, comprising:
The experiment cavity 1 that is unidirectionally open is provided with upper top cover 4, the upper top cover 4 and experiment cavity 1 over said opening
Between by 5 fixed seal connection of bolt, on the upper top cover 4 perforation be provided with the hole 6 passed through for simulation wellbore hole and optical fiber,
7。
The upper top cover 4 is provided with trapezoidal protrusion, and trapezoidal raised surrounding design has cushion rubber 8.As shown in Fig. 2, its bottom
Face schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, its side schematic view as shown in figure 4, upper top cover with experiment cavity combine assembling schematic diagram such as Fig. 5 institute
Show.The experiment cavity 1 is positive cube shape.
When testing at the scene, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test three-dimensional physical simulation experimental procedure is as follows, described herein
Three-dimensional physical model be test device described in the embodiment of the present invention 4.
(1) according to formation condition, dust suppression by spraying calculating is carried out, the likelihood ratio appropriate is determined, determines three-dimensional physical model
Geometric dimension and the stratum number of plies and thickness；The range that the inside side length of cavity 1 is tested described in the present embodiment is 50cm；
(2) according to preferred three-dimensional physical model size, three-dimensional physical model processing and fabricating is carried out；
(3) physical simulation experiment is carried out with the three-dimensional physical model of production, sanding or matrix rock is carried out to model first
Block fills, and in sanding or stowing operation, optical fiber is fixed on injection well and producing well week by arrangement injection well, producing well and optical fiber
It encloses；
(4) upper top cover 4 and experiment 1 part of cavity are assembled, carries out air tightness test；
(5) after ensuring model air-tightness, the connection of optical fiber sonic test equipment and displacement equipment is carried out, attachment device is shown
It is intended to as shown in figure 11；
(6) three-dimensional physical model is promoted in insulating box, certain formation temperature is set, the aging of certain time is carried out；
(7) as carried out single-phase flow experiment, only displacement test need to be started after aging, sonic test equipment is real
When monitor acoustic signals.And data record is carried out, after the completion of one group of experiment, regulation experiment scheme repeats (3)-(6) step and carries out
Next group of experiment；
(8) such as progress two phase flow experiment, layering crude oil saturation is carried out, has been saturated after crude oil, aging certain time,
Start to carry out water drive or gas drive experiment, sonic test equipment real-time monitoring acoustic signals later, displacement equipment is measured oil-producing, produced
Water, after the completion of one group of experiment, regulation experiment scheme repeats (3)-(6) step and carries out next group of experiment；
(9) after testing, data are arranged, carry out next step data analysis and processing.
In application, the present embodiment carries out in fact with three-dimensional physical model experimental provision provided by the invention and experimental method
It tests, determines physical model cavity size 50cm × 50cm × 50cm according to similarity criterion, development scheme is adopted using a note one and is carried out
Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test physical simulation experiment.
Different perforating sites are tested in the case of carrying out homogeneous sanding first, and experiment obtains acoustic signals, carries out wavelet transformation
Corresponding frequency of sound wave is obtained after data processing, is analyzed later with sonic test Comparative result in document 1, comparing result is drawn
In table 1.
The different perforating site optical fiber sonic test contrast tables of table 1
By the above test analysis it is found that the acoustic signals obtained with test device of the present invention and experimental method through
Corresponding matrix frequency of sound wave is consistent with frequency of sound wave range in document 1 after reason, thus proves experimental provision of the present invention and reality
The feasibility of proved recipe method, furthermore by experiment upper middle lower part position perforation, it is known that frequency of sound wave is by increase tendency, this is because with compacting
The increase of effect, lower part sanding is comparatively dense, causes corresponding frequency of sound wave higher, this is also consistent with conclusion in document 1.Document 1
Are as follows: [Salim Ghalem, D.Elyes Draoui, Ayman Mohamed, et al.Innovative Noise and
High-Precision Temperature Logging Tool for Diagnosing Complex Well Problems
[C].Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Conference&Exhibition.Society of
Petroleum Engineers,2012,SPE 161712。
Embodiment 5,
The method for carrying out distribution type fiber-optic sonic test using above-mentioned experimental provision, specifically includes:
Straight well development scheme is adopted using a note one, injection well and producing well are respectively disposed with distribution type fiber-optic, to analyze
Injection profile and production profile frequency of sound wave, simulate oil reservoir by taking the square cavity of side length 50cm as an example, by laying different mesh
Several quartz sand or Fractured sillar simulate Different Strata type, by laying impervious pottery mud or glass plate simulation every folder
Layer；
By carrying out single-phase flow and multiphase flow physics under different seepage flow modes, different pore structures, different fracture patterns
Simulated experiment obtains the acoustic signals under different situations, further handles acoustic signals, obtain the sound under different situations
Wave frequency range constructs sonic data library.
Embodiment 6,
Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method as described in Example 5 further includes single-phase flow experimental method:
1-1) the uniform sanding of single layer
The uniform sanding experiment of single layer is carried out first, and the quartz sand of same mesh number, simulated formation feelings are laid in experiment cavity
Condition adopts development scheme using a note one, and different perforating modes, respectively bottom perforations, middle part are arranged in injection well and output well
Perforation, top perforation and multiple layer combination perforating modes carry out sonic test experiment under different perforating modes, obtain difference and penetrate
Acoustic signals under the mode of hole；It can also the analysis of further progress acoustic signals；
1-2) the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer
Quartz sand by laying different meshes simulates the stratum of different permeabilities, embodies oil reservoir vertical heterogeneity, into
Note under the different perforating modes of row adopts experiment, arranges optical fiber on pit shaft, obtains corresponding acoustic signals, and research stratum is longitudinally non-equal
Influence of the matter to acoustic signals, obtains corresponding frequency of sound wave.
In step 1-2), in order to further simulate influence of the different permeability formations to acoustic signals, lead between each layer
Pottery mud filling simulation is crossed every interlayer, experiment is adopted by single layer note at this time, simulates different permeability formations development situations, is obtained different
Permeability formations acoustic signals；It can also the analysis of further progress frequency of sound wave.In addition, different permeability formations adopt reality carrying out note
During testing, different flow, the corresponding acoustic signals of research different flow are further set, to study flow to sound wave frequency
The influence of rate.The non-homogeneous sanding schematic diagram of multilayer is as shown in Figure 6.
Step 1-3) different pore structures reservoir sonic test；Practical oil reservoir is not only single pore media oil reservoir, also
Double Porosity Reservoir is had, when fluid flows in different aperture medium, corresponding frequency of sound wave is different, in order to obtain different holes
Gap medium fluid flows corresponding frequency of sound wave, needs to carry out physical simulation experiment, and the present invention is directed to different pore structure classes
Type carries out following design；
Simulate Double Porosity Reservoir: the Double Porosity Reservoir is made of matrix and crack dual pore structure system, fortune
Simulate matrix sillar with square sillar, size, the identical square sillar of material be stitched together, the sillar and sillar it
Between hole be used for simulation fracture system, uniform fractue spacing dual media pore structure is constituted with this, later carry out physics mould
Draft experiment.Drilling processing is carried out in the middle part of injection well and output well position matrix sillar, the purpose of this design is, guarantees injection
Well and producing well pass through matrix sillar, to produce in predetermined position perforation.Uniform fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram
As shown in Figure 7.
Consider dual media RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE complexity, actual formation distribution situations of cracks will not uniformity, therefore
It selects an appropriate number of big matrix sillar to simulate low fracture development density case, physical simulation experiment is carried out with this, obtains sound wave
Test signal.Uneven fractue spacing Double-porosity system schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 8.
In application, the present embodiment equally uses above-mentioned 50cm × 50cm × 50cm physical model to carry out distribution type fiber-optic sound
Wave test experiments simulate dual media reservoir exploitation situation, and frequency of sound wave profiles versus in experiment frequency of sound wave and document 1 is tied
Fruit is plotted in table 2.
2 dual media optical fiber sonic test contrast table of table
By above-mentioned experimental result, illustrate that experimental provision through the invention and experimental method carry out physical simulation experiment and can examine
The flowing frequency band in matrix and crack is measured, dual media reservoir matrix is can analyze out and crack both participates in seepage flow, thus
Further prove feasibility of the invention.
Embodiment 7,
Distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method as described in Example 5 further includes two phase flow experimental method:
Crude oil is saturated to three-dimensional physical model first, a note one is carried out later and adopts water drive experiment, pass through distribution type fiber-optic sound
Wave test, obtains the acoustic signals under the heterogeneous sanding of uniform sanding, multilayer, dual media pore structure, further analysis oil
Frequency of sound wave during water two phase fluid flow under different situations.
In the two phase flow experimental method, above-mentioned two phase flow experiment is carried out using the development scheme of water drive.
The distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes further simulation gas and oil two-phase experiment:
After being saturated crude oil, CO2 displacement is carried out, by the acoustic signals during distributed optical fiber sensing gas drive,
It obtains gas and oil two-phase and participates in corresponding frequency of sound wave when seepage flow, for supplementing frequency of sound wave database.
The distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes Seepage Experiment after hydraulic fracturing:
After pressure break, there are complex fracture networks around pit shaft, therefore drill and accumulate by near wellbore sillar
Artificial fracturing crack is simulated, model central region fills quartz sand and simulates subsurface picture, and fracture simulation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 9.
After hydraulic fracturing in Seepage Experiment, big matrix sillar is subjected to external force crushing, complex fracture near simulation wellbore hole
Network further simulates different fracture patterns.Such situation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 10.
In application, the present embodiment carries out two phase flow experiment with above-mentioned model, water drive and gas drive experiment are carried out respectively, it will be real
Data in frequency of sound wave and document 1 are tested to be plotted in table 3.
3 dual media optical fiber sonic test contrast table of table
It can be obtained by above-mentioned analysis of experimental results, experimental result of the present invention and result by references have good consistency, into one
Step demonstrates applicability of the invention, furthermore according to the experimental results oil-water two-phase flow the case where corresponding frequency of sound wave with it is single-phase
The case where stream, is consistent, illustrates that frequency of sound wave is not influenced by two phase flow, only, liquid phase fluid corresponding frequency of sound wave related in phase
Between as 8-15kHz, the experiment analysis results are consistent with result by references；However, the penetration capacity of gas is stronger, so gas
In matrix pores flow event, the range that frequency of sound wave section covers is wider, and frequency of sound wave is distributed in 5-20kHz range,
The experimental result is also consistent with result by references, thus further illustrates applicability of the invention.
For low-permeability oil deposit, in order to further increase oil recovery factor, need through the method for hydraulic fracturing in pit shaft
Surrounding produces man-made fracture, improves near wellbore percolation ability with this.Fortune of the optical fiber sensing technology in terms of hydraulic fracturing monitoring
With also more and more, and different fracture patterns corresponds to the intensity of different acoustic signals, also just corresponds to different sound wave frequencies
Rate section, it is therefore necessary to determine the relationship of frequency of sound wave and fracture pattern by the method for physical simulation experiment, be split to be subsequent
Seam morphological analysis is prepared.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation, it is characterised in that:
It establishes model: according to the ratio between oil reservoir to be simulated and formwork erection type yet to be built, the property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis being mapped
To described in established model, obtain oil reservoir to be simulated；
Wherein, the reservoir properties include: the uniform sanding of single layer, the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer；
Install simulation oil well: in the simulation oil reservoir simulation installation injection well and extraction well, and respectively the injection well with
It produces well side and distribution type fiber-optic is installed, for acquiring sound wave, to acquire under the corresponding underground difference condition of production of the model
Frequency of sound wave；
According to practical oil reservoir situation is simulated, the uniform sanding of single layer is specifically segmented are as follows: single berth sand thickness, uniform sanding density,
Gravel parameter；The heterogeneous sanding of multilayer is specifically segmented are as follows: every layer of sanding thickness, the number of plies, every layer of uniform sanding density, every layer of sand
Gravel parameter.
2. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the test method further includes establishing simulation sonic data library, comprising: distinguishes the frequency of sound wave collected in model
Corresponding storage is carried out with the property of oil reservoir and Pore genesis, forms model sonic data library.
3. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation according to claim 1, special
Sign is: when establishing model, the development scheme of well pattern being mapped to described in established model；
The test method further include establish simulation sonic data library, comprising: by the frequency of sound wave collected in model respectively with
The development scheme of the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis and well pattern carries out corresponding storage, forms model sonic data library.
4. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation according to claim 1, special
Sign is: when establishing model, by under different fracture patterns single-phase flow and multiphase flow situation be mapped to it is described in established model；
The test method further include establish simulation sonic data library, comprising: by the frequency of sound wave collected in model respectively with
Single-phase flow under the property of oil reservoir, Pore genesis, the development scheme of well pattern, different fracture patterns carries out corresponding with multiphase flow situation
Storage forms model sonic data library.
5. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic sonic test as described in claim 1-4 any one is in the application side for detecting practical oil reservoir
Method:
The injection well of practical oil reservoir and extraction well are installed into distribution type fiber-optic respectively, and it is acquired by acquisition device in real time
Corresponding sonic data；
The sonic data of actual acquisition and the frequency of sound wave in model sonic data library are compared；
Finally obtain the property and Pore genesis that oil reservoir is matched with practical oil reservoir.
6. a kind of device of the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method applied to three-dimensional physical simulation as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the device includes: the experiment cavity being unidirectionally open, is provided with upper top cover, the upper top cover over said opening
It is bolted sealed connection between experiment cavity, perforation is provided on the upper top cover wears for simulation wellbore hole and optical fiber
The hole crossed.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the upper top cover is provided with trapezoidal protrusion, and trapezoidal convex
Playing surrounding design has cushion rubber；
Preferably, the experiment cavity is positive cube shape；
Preferably, the range of the inside side length of the experiment cavity is 40-100cm.
8. the method for carrying out distribution type fiber-optic sonic test using experimental provision as claimed in claims 6 or 7, which is characterized in that
It specifically includes:
Straight well development scheme is adopted using a note one, injection well and producing well are respectively disposed with distribution type fiber-optic, to analyze injection
Section and production profile frequency of sound wave；
By carrying out single-phase flow and multiphase flow physical analogy under different seepage flow modes, different pore structures, different fracture patterns
Experiment obtains the acoustic signals under different situations, obtains the frequency of sound wave range under different situations, constructs sonic data library.
9. the method tested as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes list
Mutually flow experimental method:
1-1) the uniform sanding of single layer
The uniform sanding experiment of single layer is carried out first, the quartz sand of same mesh number is laid in experiment cavity, simulated formation situation is adopted
Adopt development scheme with a note one, injection well and output well are arranged different perforating modes, respectively bottom perforations, middle part perforation,
Top perforation and multiple layer combination perforating modes carry out sonic test experiment, obtain different perforating modes under different perforating modes
Under acoustic signals；
1-2) the heterogeneous sanding of multilayer
Quartz sand by laying different meshes simulates the stratum of different permeabilities, embodies oil reservoir vertical heterogeneity, carries out not
Experiment is adopted with the note under perforating modes, arranges optical fiber on pit shaft, obtains corresponding acoustic signals, studies stratum vertical heterogeneity
Influence to acoustic signals obtains corresponding frequency of sound wave；
Preferably, in step 1-2), in order to further simulate influence of the different permeability formations to acoustic signals, between each layer
By pottery mud filling simulation every interlayer, experiment is adopted by single layer note at this time, simulates different permeability formations development situations, is obtained not
With permeability formations acoustic signals；
Preferably, the single-phase flow experimental method further include:
Step 1-3) different pore structures reservoir sonic test；
Simulate Double Porosity Reservoir: the Double Porosity Reservoir is made of matrix and crack dual pore structure system, with just
Cube sillar simulates matrix sillar, size, the identical square sillar of material is stitched together, between the sillar and sillar
Hole is used for simulation fracture system, is constituted uniform fractue spacing dual media pore structure with this, and it is real to carry out physical analogy later
It tests；
Preferably, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes two phase flow experimental method:
Crude oil is saturated to three-dimensional physical model first, a note one is carried out later and adopts water drive experiment, pass through distribution type fiber-optic cement bond logging
Examination, obtains the acoustic signals under the heterogeneous sanding of uniform sanding, multilayer, dual media pore structure, further analyzes grease two
Frequency of sound wave in phase flow event under different situations.
Preferably, in the two phase flow experimental method, above-mentioned two phase flow experiment is carried out using the development scheme of water drive.
10. the method tested as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes
Further simulation gas and oil two-phase experiment:
After being saturated crude oil, CO2 displacement is carried out, by the acoustic signals during distributed optical fiber sensing gas drive, is obtained
Gas and oil two-phase participates in corresponding frequency of sound wave when seepage flow, for supplementing frequency of sound wave database；
Preferably, the distribution type fiber-optic sonic test method further includes Seepage Experiment after hydraulic fracturing:
By the drilling of near wellbore sillar and heaping die personification work fracturing fracture, model central region fills quartz sand and simulates underground
Situation；
Preferably, after hydraulic fracturing in Seepage Experiment, big matrix sillar is subjected to external force crushing, simulation wellbore hole nearby split by complexity
Network is stitched, different fracture patterns are further simulated.
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