CN109263206A - 一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种共挤木塑复合材料,包括基层以及位于基层上的表层,所述基层材料包括PVC树脂粉,植物纤维处理粉,活性碳酸钙和助剂;所述表层材料包括ASA树脂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂和光稳定剂,基层和表层分别采用双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆基础进行共挤,表层挤出为ASA树脂,基层的组分形成低发泡木塑配方,表层材料通过单螺杆熔融塑化,基层材料通过双螺杆熔融塑化再同步通过模具,由模具挤出成型,制得的成品表面具有共挤ASA树脂的耐磨性和光洁度,且户外耐候性优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑复合材料领域,具体为一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
木塑复合材料(Wood-PlasticComposites,WPC)是国内外近年蓬勃兴起的一类新型复合材料,指利用聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚氯乙烯等,代替通常的树脂胶粘剂,与木粉、稻壳、秸秆等废植物纤维混合成新的木质材料,再经挤压、模压、注射成型等塑料加工工艺,生产出的板材或型材,主要用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业,具有零甲醛、防水、阻燃、防虫蛀、耐酸碱、可100%循环利用等优点,质感与实木一样,各项机械性能与硬木相当,能够钉、钻、锯、刨、漆,不易变形、龟裂,符合国家产业政策和国家废弃资源综合利用的产业发展意见,是典型的“节材代木”新型绿色材料。
木质材料是由纤维素、半纤维素、木素以及各种抽提物组成的天然高分子复合材料,由于它是一种不均匀地各向异性材料,因此界面特性十分复杂。由于组成木质材料的纤维素、半纤维素和木素等主要成分中含有大量的极性羟基和酚羟基官能团,其表面表现出很强的化学极性,因此,在进行木质纤维—塑料体系木塑复合材料的研制过程中,需要解决的最大问题是如何使亲水的极性木质表面与疏水的非极性塑料基材界面之间具有良好的相容性,同时由于木塑复合材料中PVC分子结构中存在较不稳定的α-Cl,因此PVC基木塑复合材料的耐候性差,在户外容易受太阳光中紫外光线破坏而引起发黄发红等变色现象。
例如申请号为CN200810218375.X的一种木塑复合材料组合物和木塑复合材料及其制备方法提供的解决方案是包括木粉、树脂、相容剂、增强剂和偶联剂,所述相容剂为橡胶与马来酸酐的共聚物,增强剂为碱式硫酸镁晶须和/或玻璃纤维,通过马来酸酐的共聚物进行改性在分子上记性基团的接枝率较低,并在改性过程中容易产生自聚,影响其改性效果。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术方案的不足,本发明提供一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法,能有效的解决背景技术提出的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法,包括基层以及位于基层上的表层,所述基层材料包括PVC树脂粉,植物纤维处理粉,活性碳酸钙和助剂;所述表层材料包括ASA树脂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂和光稳定剂。
进一步地,按质量百分比计,PVC树脂粉30-50份;植物纤维粉15-30份;活性碳酸钙10-20份,ASA树脂88-92份、稳定剂2-5份、紫外线吸收剂2.5-3.0份和光稳定剂3-4份。
进一步地,其中植物纤维粉包括但不限于木粉、竹粉、杨木粉和秸秆粉,助剂包括稳定剂2-6份;润滑剂1-3份;发泡剂1-5份;偶联剂2-4份。
进一步地,其中植物纤维处理粉包括植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联混合剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂,并和聚乳酸熔融混炼成层,其中纳米混合剂包括纳米SiO2和氮磷阻燃剂,其中偶联混合剂包括PP-g-MAH、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂。
一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤
S100、按表层组分称取好的ASA树脂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂进行混合,同时按基层组分将称取好的PVC树脂、植物纤维处理粉、活性碳酸钙、助剂进行混合;
S200、将表层混合好的组分置入但螺杆挤出机的料斗中,将基层混合好的组分置入双螺杆挤出机的料斗中;
S300、单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机同步工作,将表层和基层的熔融塑化产物通过挤出模具定形;
S400、通过牵引方式冷却、定形、切割,形成共挤出木塑复合材料。
进一步地,在S100中,将表层组分和基层组分均置于105~120°的温度环境中混合2~3h,在S300中,单螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为170~240°,螺杆转速为3~10r/min,双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为180~200°,螺杆转速为5~8r/min。
进一步地,在S100中,在植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸熔融混炼之前将,通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉,形成的植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸进行熔融混炼,将混炼后的植物纤维处理粉进行称重取份。
进一步地,可将植物纤维处理粉在双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆挤出机熔融塑化时,加入聚乳酸进行混炼,并且增加双螺杆挤出机熔融塑化产物和挤出模具之间的路径长度,同时将基层的混合时间延长30min。
进一步地,其中聚磷酸铵采用标准为聚合度大于900,含磷量在25%-26%,含氮量9%~10%,并通过纳米混合剂中的氮磷阻燃剂进行氮磷含量的5%补充,且聚磷酸铵的室温溶解度小于等于5.2g/L。
进一步地,通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉需在90°~100°的温度环境中干燥至2.0%的含水率,再添加聚磷酸铵进行混合。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的木塑复合材料的基层和表层分别采用双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆基础进行共挤,表层挤出为ASA树脂,基层的组分形成低发泡木塑配方,表层材料通过单螺杆熔融塑化,基层材料通过双螺杆熔融塑化再同步通过模具,由模具挤出成型,制得的成品表面具有共挤ASA树脂的耐磨性和光洁度,且户外耐候性优异。
(2)本发明中还通过对基层中植物纤维处理粉进行植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联混合剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂,并和聚乳酸熔融混炼成层的预处理,使得植物纤维处理粉再后期的混合过程中具有良好的初始特性,通过短切碳纤维增强其耐高温性、耐摩擦性以及良好的抗拉强度特性,同时通过纳米混合剂和聚乳酸铵进行植物纤维表层的接枝处理,从而进行改性,提供了其阻燃性,也提高了基层和表面的粘合行和热流动性,在熔融塑化过程中具有良好的结合性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的木塑复合材料结构图;
图2为本发明的木塑复合材料制备流程图;
图中标号
1-基层;2-表层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种共挤木塑复合材料,包括基层以及位于基层上的表层,所述基层材料包括PVC树脂粉,植物纤维处理粉,活性碳酸钙和助剂;所述表层材料包括ASA树脂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂和光稳定剂。
按质量百分比计,PVC树脂粉30-50份;植物纤维粉15-30份;活性碳酸钙10-20份,ASA树脂88-92份、稳定剂2-5份、紫外线吸收剂2.5-3.0份和光稳定剂3-4份。
其中植物纤维粉包括但不限于木粉、竹粉、杨木粉和秸秆粉,助剂包括稳定剂2-6份;润滑剂1-3份;发泡剂1-5份;偶联剂2-4份。
其中植物纤维处理粉包括植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联混合剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂,并和聚乳酸熔融混炼成层,其中纳米混合剂包括纳米SiO2和氮磷阻燃剂,其中偶联混合剂包括PP-g-MAH、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂。
一种共挤木塑复合材料及其制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤
S100、按表层组分称取好的ASA树脂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂进行混合,同时按基层组分将称取好的PVC树脂、植物纤维处理粉、活性碳酸钙、助剂进行混合;
S200、将表层混合好的组分置入但螺杆挤出机的料斗中,将基层混合好的组分置入双螺杆挤出机的料斗中;
S300、单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机同步工作,将表层和基层的熔融塑化产物通过挤出模具定形;
S400、通过牵引方式冷却、定形、切割,形成共挤出木塑复合材料。
在S100中,将表层组分和基层组分均置于105~120°的温度环境中混合2~3h,在S300中,单螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为170~240°,螺杆转速为3~10r/min,双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为180~200°,螺杆转速为5~8r/min。
在S100中,在植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸熔融混炼之前将,通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉,形成的植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸进行熔融混炼,将混炼后的植物纤维处理粉进行称重取份。
本发明中还通过对基层中植物纤维处理粉进行植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联混合剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂,并和聚乳酸熔融混炼成层的预处理,使得植物纤维处理粉再后期的混合过程中具有良好的初始特性,通过短切碳纤维增强其耐高温性、耐摩擦性以及良好的抗拉强度特性,同时通过纳米混合剂和聚乳酸铵进行植物纤维表层的接枝处理,从而进行改性,提供了其阻燃性,也提高了基层和表面的粘合行和热流动性,在熔融塑化过程中具有良好的结合性。
可将植物纤维处理粉在双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆挤出机熔融塑化时,加入聚乳酸进行混炼,并且增加双螺杆挤出机熔融塑化产物和挤出模具之间的路径长度,同时将基层的混合时间延长30min。
其中聚磷酸铵采用标准为聚合度大于900,含磷量在25%-26%,含氮量9%~10%,并通过纳米混合剂中的氮磷阻燃剂进行氮磷含量的5%补充,且聚磷酸铵的室温溶解度小于等于5.2g/L。
通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉需在90°~100°的温度环境中干燥至2.0%的含水率,再添加聚磷酸铵进行混合。
本发明的木塑复合材料的基层和表层分别采用双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆基础进行共挤,表层挤出为ASA树脂,基层的组分形成低发泡木塑配方,表层材料通过单螺杆熔融塑化,基层材料通过双螺杆熔融塑化再同步通过模具,由模具挤出成型,制得的成品表面具有共挤ASA树脂的耐磨性和光洁度,且户外耐候性优异。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种共挤木塑复合材料,包括基层(1)以及位于基层(1)上的表层(2),其特征在于:所述基层材料包括PVC树脂粉,植物纤维处理粉,活性碳酸钙和助剂;所述表层材料包括ASA树脂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂和光稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料,其特征在于:按质量百分比计,PVC树脂粉30-50份;植物纤维粉15-30份;活性碳酸钙10-20份,ASA树脂88-92份、稳定剂2-5份、紫外线吸收剂2.5-3.0份和光稳定剂3-4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料,其特征在于:其中植物纤维粉包括但不限于木粉、竹粉、杨木粉和秸秆粉,助剂包括稳定剂2-6份;润滑剂1-3份;发泡剂1-5份;偶联剂2-4份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料,其特征在于:其中植物纤维处理粉包括植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联混合剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂,并和聚乳酸熔融混炼成层,其中纳米混合剂包括纳米SiO2和氮磷阻燃剂,其中偶联混合剂包括PP-g-MAH、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂。
5.一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤
S100、按表层组分称取好的ASA树脂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂进行混合,同时按基层组分将称取好的PVC树脂、植物纤维处理粉、活性碳酸钙、助剂进行混合;
S200、将表层混合好的组分置入但螺杆挤出机的料斗中,将基层混合好的组分置入双螺杆挤出机的料斗中;
S300、单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机同步工作,将表层和基层的熔融塑化产物通过挤出模具定形;
S400、通过牵引方式冷却、定形、切割,形成共挤出木塑复合材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在S100中,将表层组分和基层组分均置于105~120°的温度环境中混合2~3h,在S300中,单螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为170~240°,螺杆转速为3~10r/min,双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为180~200°,螺杆转速为5~8r/min。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在S100中,在植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸熔融混炼之前将,通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、聚磷酸铵以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉,形成的植物纤维处理粉和聚乳酸进行熔融混炼,将混炼后的植物纤维处理粉进行称重取份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:可将植物纤维处理粉在双螺杆挤出机和单螺杆挤出机熔融塑化时,加入聚乳酸进行混炼,并且增加双螺杆挤出机熔融塑化产物和挤出模具之间的路径长度,同时将基层的混合时间延长30min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:其中聚磷酸铵采用标准为聚合度大于900,含磷量在25%-26%,含氮量9%~10%,并通过纳米混合剂中的氮磷阻燃剂进行氮磷含量的5%补充,且聚磷酸铵的室温溶解度小于等于5.2g/L。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种共挤木塑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:通过植物纤维粉和短切碳纤维、偶联剂、纳米混合剂、以及石蜡润滑剂用高速混合机进行混合形成植物纤维处理粉需在90°~100°的温度环境中干燥至2.0%的含水率,再添加聚磷酸铵进行混合。
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